1 00:00:05,925 --> 00:00:10,329 >>> PREVIOUSLY ON "LINCOLN: 2 00:00:10,329 --> 00:00:14,367 DIVIDED WE STAND". >> LINCOLN DOESN’T START OFF AS 3 00:00:14,367 --> 00:00:21,337 AN ARDENT ABOLITIONIST. OVER TIME HE CHANGES. 4 00:00:21,340 --> 00:00:25,210 >> THE WAR BECOMES A WAR TO ABOLISH SLAVERY. 5 00:00:25,211 --> 00:00:30,850 >> THE WAR ENDS ON APRIL 9th, 1865. 6 00:00:30,850 --> 00:00:35,788 >> GRANT OFFERS A VERY GENEROUS SET OF PEACE TERMS. 7 00:00:35,788 --> 00:00:41,928 THE SOLDIERS WILL BE PARDONED. >> LINCOLN HAD NO STOMACH FOR 8 00:00:41,928 --> 00:00:44,458 RETRIBUTION. >> LINCOLN WANTS TO WIN THE 9 00:00:44,463 --> 00:00:49,569 PEACE, AS WELL AS WIN THE WAR. ♪ 10 00:00:49,569 --> 00:00:53,906 >> RIGHT AFTER, LINCOLN APPEARS AT THE WINDOW OF THE WHITE HOUSE 11 00:00:53,906 --> 00:01:02,176 AND ACCEPTS THE APPLAUSE OF WELL WISHERS. 12 00:01:02,181 --> 00:01:05,381 >> CROWDS ARE GATHERED AROUND THE WHITE HOUSE. 13 00:01:05,384 --> 00:01:12,024 THERE ARE BANDS PLAYING. THERE IS JUBILATION EVERYWHERE. 14 00:01:12,024 --> 00:01:16,162 AND LINCOLN SAYS, LET’S HEAR DIXIE. 15 00:01:16,162 --> 00:01:21,100 >> SOMEONE IN THE AUDIENCE SAYS, THAT’S A CONFEDERATE SONG. 16 00:01:21,100 --> 00:01:27,340 HE SAYS, NO, WE WON IT FAIR AND SQUARE. 17 00:01:27,340 --> 00:01:31,240 TAD EVEN WAVES THE FLAG THAT HE BROUGHT BACK FROM THE FRONT. 18 00:01:31,243 --> 00:01:36,048 >> THE WAR WAS OVER, BUT WHAT WAS THE POLITICAL FALL‐OUT OF 19 00:01:36,048 --> 00:01:39,718 THAT? >> CONGRESS APPROVED THE 13th 20 00:01:39,719 --> 00:01:43,519 AMENDMENT. BLACK PEOPLE ARE NOT LEAVING THE 21 00:01:43,522 --> 00:01:45,322 COUNTRY. AND, SO, WHAT IS THEIR FATE 22 00:01:45,324 --> 00:02:03,175 GOING TO BE AS AMERICANS 23 00:02:03,175 --> 00:02:14,415 ? >> ON APRIL 9th, 1865 ROBERT E. 24 00:02:14,420 --> 00:02:17,957 LEE SURRENDER EFFECTIVELY BRINGS THE CIVIL WAR TO AN END. 25 00:02:17,957 --> 00:02:23,095 IN THE FOUR YEARS OF BRUTAL VIOLENCE, NEARLY 800,000 26 00:02:23,095 --> 00:02:26,865 AMERICANS LOST THEIR LIVES. DESPITE THE RELIEF AND 27 00:02:26,866 --> 00:02:31,036 CELEBRATION VICTORY BRINGS, THE COUNTRY HAS SAID A HEFTY PRICE, 28 00:02:31,037 --> 00:02:34,367 WHICH WEIGHS HEAVILY ON THE PRESIDENT. 29 00:02:34,373 --> 00:02:38,643 >> LINCOLN CLEARLY INTERNALIZED WHAT THE LOSS OF LIFE IN THE 30 00:02:38,644 --> 00:02:42,648 CIVIL WAR MEANT FOR EVERY FAMILY, EVERY HOUSEHOLD. 31 00:02:42,648 --> 00:02:48,348 YOU SEE IT IN HIS FACE. >> LINCOLN AT THE TIME HE WAS 32 00:02:48,354 --> 00:02:50,990 LIKE THE PRESIDENT. HE’S 51. 33 00:02:50,990 --> 00:02:57,260 HE LOOKS LIKE A YOUNG MAN. FOUR YEARS LATER, HE LOOKS LIKE 34 00:02:57,263 --> 00:03:01,467 YOUR GREAT GRANDMOTHER. >> LINCOLN KNEW IN A WAY THAT 35 00:03:01,467 --> 00:03:05,337 WAS UNIQUE AMONG THE GREAT WAR MAKING LEADERS THE CONSEQUENCES 36 00:03:05,337 --> 00:03:08,537 OF THE WAR HE MADE. >> BUT NOW PRESIDENT LINCOLN 37 00:03:08,541 --> 00:03:13,979 MUST REUNITE A SHATTERED COUNTRY AND INTEGRATE FOUR MILLION FREED 38 00:03:13,979 --> 00:03:20,149 AFRICAN‐AMERICANS INTO A RACIALLY DIVIDED SOCIETY. 39 00:03:20,152 --> 00:03:27,092 >> THE WAR IS DONE. PEOPLE ARE WAITING FOR A GREAT 40 00:03:27,093 --> 00:03:29,895 TRIUMPHANT SPEECH FROM ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 41 00:03:29,895 --> 00:03:33,695 BUT TWO DAYS AFTER, HE DOES SOMETHING A LITTLE BIT MORE 42 00:03:33,699 --> 00:03:37,369 COMPLEX. HE GIVES A SPEECH THAT TURNS 43 00:03:37,369 --> 00:03:39,238 INTO A CONVERSATION ABOUT THE CHALK 44 00:03:39,238 --> 00:03:42,408 CHALLENGE OF RECONSTRUCTION. HE SAID WE NEED TO HAVE A 45 00:03:42,408 --> 00:03:44,508 NON‐IDEOLOGICAL APPROACH TO RECONSTRUCTION. 46 00:03:44,510 --> 00:03:47,480 HE GOES FURTHER ON ONE ELEMENT THAN HE’S EVER GONE BEFORE. 47 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:50,649 HE SAYS HE BELIEVES THAT BLACK PEOPLE SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO 48 00:03:50,649 --> 00:03:53,949 VOTE, AT LEAST THOSE THAT HAVE SERVED IN THE ARMED FORCES AND 49 00:03:53,953 --> 00:04:08,801 THOSE WHO ARE VERY INTELLIGENT. BY WHICH WE MEANT ‐‐ WE ASSUME 50 00:04:08,801 --> 00:04:12,671 HE MEANT LITERATE. >> FROM A GUY WHO WAS NOT AN 51 00:04:12,671 --> 00:04:20,079 ABOLITIONIST, WAS NOT REALLY PURELY ANTI‐SLIVERHFANTI‐SLAVERY 52 00:04:20,079 --> 00:04:24,849 DOING MUCH ABOUT IT AND HE ENDS UP SAYING MAYBE BLACKS COULD 53 00:04:24,850 --> 00:04:28,150 VOTE, THAT IS EXTRAORDINARY. >> THERE WAS ONE PERSON IN THE 54 00:04:28,154 --> 00:04:31,824 AUDIENCE WHO DID RECOGNIZE HOW REVOLUTIONARY THAT NOTION THAT 55 00:04:31,824 --> 00:04:40,299 WAS, AND THAT WAS A CHARISMATIC YOUNG ACTOR NAMED JOHN WILLINGS 56 00:04:40,299 --> 00:04:44,699 BOOTH. BOOTH SAYS, THAT MEANS N‐WORD 57 00:04:44,703 --> 00:04:48,040 CITIZENSHIP. AND THEN BOOTH VOWED TO KILL HIM 58 00:04:48,040 --> 00:04:54,246 ON THE SPOT OR SOON THEREAFTER. >> BOOTH IS A HUGELY SUCCESSFUL 59 00:04:54,246 --> 00:04:57,316 LEADING MAN, VERY POPULAR AMONG WOMEN. 60 00:04:57,316 --> 00:05:06,625 HE’S ALSO A MARYLANDER, A SOUTHERN STATE, SO HE HAS THIS 61 00:05:06,625 --> 00:05:10,155 HATRED FOR BLACKS AND THIS SENSE OF WHITE SUPREMACY. 62 00:05:10,162 --> 00:05:15,000 ALTHOUGH THE CONFEDERACY HAS BEEN DEFEATED, HE’S STILL 63 00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:20,639 COMMITTED TO SOUTHERN VICTORY. >> BOOTH IS NOW WHAT WE WOULD 64 00:05:20,639 --> 00:05:27,046 CALL A RACIST TERRORIST. HE HAD HEARD LINCOLN PROMISE TO 65 00:05:27,046 --> 00:05:31,146 ENFRANCHISE BLACK VETERANS, AND THAT IS SOMETHING HE CAN’T LET 66 00:05:31,150 --> 00:05:33,185 HAPPEN. >> BUT HE HAD NO PLAN UNTIL 67 00:05:33,185 --> 00:05:36,815 APRIL 14th, 1865. IT HAD ACTUALLY BEEN PUBLISHED 68 00:05:36,822 --> 00:05:41,892 IN THE NEWSPAPERS EARLIER THAT DAY THAT THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. 69 00:05:41,894 --> 00:05:46,498 LINCOLN WERE EXPECTED AT FORD’S THEATER. 70 00:05:46,498 --> 00:05:52,068 >> IT TRIGGERS A MULTI‐PRONGED PLOT TO KILL LINCOLN AND HIS TOP 71 00:05:52,071 --> 00:05:54,506 CABINET MEMBERS ALL ON THE SAME NIGHT. 72 00:05:54,506 --> 00:05:58,076 >> BOOTH BELIEVED THAT IF HE COULD ELIMINATE THE CHIEF 73 00:05:58,077 --> 00:06:04,077 FIGURES IN THE ADMINISTRATION THAT SOMEHOW THE SOUTH MIGHT 74 00:06:04,083 --> 00:06:08,721 STILL PREVAIL. >> BOOTH AND HIS CO‐CONSPIRATORS 75 00:06:08,721 --> 00:06:13,291 GATHER IN A DARK TAVERN TO CHOREOGRAPH THREE SIMULTANEOUS 76 00:06:13,292 --> 00:06:15,127 MURDERS. THE PLAN IS FOR BOOTH TO KILL 77 00:06:15,127 --> 00:06:18,927 LINCOLN AT FORD’S THEATER. GEORGE TO SHOOT THE VICE 78 00:06:18,931 --> 00:06:23,535 PRESIDENT AND JOHNSON. AND FOR LOUIS POWELL AND DAVID 79 00:06:23,535 --> 00:06:29,465 HAROLD TO MURDER THE SECRETARY OF STATE. 80 00:06:29,475 --> 00:06:36,682 >> BOOTH IS OPERATING OUT OF A KIND OF MISGUIDED, SLIGHTLY 81 00:06:36,682 --> 00:06:42,321 PSYCHOTIC URGE TOWARDS SELF‐DRAMATIZATION ON BEHALF OF 82 00:06:42,321 --> 00:06:47,726 THE SOUTH TOWARD TYRANNY. >> BOOTH WAS GIVEN GRANDIOSITY. 83 00:06:47,726 --> 00:06:53,426 HE THINKS WHEN I LEAVE THE THEATER, I’LL BE THE MOST FAMOUS 84 00:07:04,076 --> 00:07:10,916 >>> AFTER YEARS EMBROILED IN CIVIL WAR AND TRAGEDY, ABRAHAM 85 00:07:10,916 --> 00:07:14,416 LINCOLN IS FINALLY ABLE TO BEGIN TO REPAIR THE WOUNDS THAT THE 86 00:07:14,420 --> 00:07:17,120 PRESIDENT HAS INFLICTED ON HIS MARRIAGE. 87 00:07:17,122 --> 00:07:23,796 >> LATE IN THE DAY ON GOOD FRIDAY, 1865, LINCOLN TAKES A 88 00:07:23,796 --> 00:07:28,796 CARRIAGE RIDE WITH MARY. AND THEY START TO THINK ABOUT 89 00:07:28,801 --> 00:07:33,071 PLANS FOR AFTER HIS SECOND TERM IS OVER. 90 00:07:33,072 --> 00:07:36,909 >> IT HAD BEEN TOO SAD DURING RECENT YEARS TO THINK ABOUT THE 91 00:07:36,909 --> 00:07:38,677 FUTURE. AND NOW THEY COULD TALK ABOUT 92 00:07:38,677 --> 00:07:42,847 THEIR PLANS. HE SAID THAT HE WANTED TO 93 00:07:42,848 --> 00:07:47,318 TRAVEL. >> THIS MAN WHO SUFFERED SO 94 00:07:47,319 --> 00:07:56,159 COULD IN THAT MOMENT FIND SOME JOY AND FIND SOME HAPPINESS. 95 00:07:56,161 --> 00:08:01,131 >> THAT’VENING, THE LINCOLNS HEAD TO FORD THEATER TO ENJOY A 96 00:08:01,133 --> 00:08:08,640 COMEDY WITH FRIENDS. >> AS LINCOLN GETS TO THE BOX, 97 00:08:08,640 --> 00:08:12,610 THERE IS A MURMUR BECAUSE PEOPLE SEE HIM. 98 00:08:12,611 --> 00:08:17,481 >> ALL 1,600 PEOPLE ROSE TO THEIR FEET AND STARTED 99 00:08:17,483 --> 00:08:26,423 APPLAUDING THE PRESIDENT. >> THE ORCHESTRA CONDUCTOR TELLS 100 00:08:26,425 --> 00:08:30,462 HIM, PLAY HAIL TO THE CHIEF. AND ABRAHAM LINCOLN REMOVES HIS 101 00:08:30,462 --> 00:08:34,932 HAT, LOOKS DOWN AT THE AUDIENCE AND BOWS TO THEM. 102 00:08:34,933 --> 00:08:38,270 >> LINCOLN HAD BEEN PRETTY CLOSELY GUARDED FOR THE ENTIRE 103 00:08:38,270 --> 00:08:41,440 WAR. BUT WHEN THE WAR ENDED, THE 104 00:08:41,440 --> 00:08:44,410 VIGILANCE EASED. AND EVERYONE LET THEIR 105 00:08:44,410 --> 00:08:53,685 COLLECTIVE GUARD DOWN. >> MARY WAS SITTING THERE WITH 106 00:08:53,685 --> 00:08:57,285 LINCOLN. THEY WERE WHISPERING IN ONE 107 00:08:57,289 --> 00:09:00,989 ANOTHER’S EAR. THEY WERE LIKE A YOUNG COUPLE. 108 00:09:00,993 --> 00:09:06,231 AND SHE SAID TO HIM, PEOPLE CAN SEE. 109 00:09:06,231 --> 00:09:10,936 WHAT WILL THEY THINK OF US? AND HE SAID, THEY WILL THINK 110 00:09:10,936 --> 00:09:18,376 NOTHING OF IT. AND THEN A MAN ENTERED THE BOX. 111 00:09:18,377 --> 00:09:24,347 >> LINCOLN SIMPLY SLUMPS IN HIS CHAIR. 112 00:09:24,349 --> 00:09:28,449 HIS HEAD FALLS FORWARD. >> MARY, WHEN SHE SAW THE BLOOD, 113 00:09:28,454 --> 00:09:31,256 BEGAN SCREAMING. >> THE MAJOR GETS UP AND 114 00:09:31,256 --> 00:09:36,256 WRESTLES WITH BOOTH. BOOTH YELLS FREEDOM AND CUTS HIM 115 00:09:36,261 --> 00:09:41,031 DEEP WITH A KNIFE. THEN BOOTH LEAPT OFF ON TO THE 116 00:09:41,033 --> 00:09:43,102 STAGE. >> HE LANDS UNEVENLY. 117 00:09:43,102 --> 00:09:51,510 AT THAT MOMENT, BOOTH CRIES OUT, IT IS I, JOHN WILKES BOOTH, WHO 118 00:09:51,510 --> 00:09:56,080 SLAIN THE TYRANT. AND THEN HE YELLS, THE SOUTH IS 119 00:09:56,081 --> 00:10:02,321 AVENGED. HE RUNS OFF THE STAGE. 120 00:10:02,321 --> 00:10:09,461 HE GOES TO THE RAND VIEWPOINT. >> LOUIS POWELL ATTACKED WILLIAM 121 00:10:09,461 --> 00:10:13,831 SEWARD, BUT HE SURVIVED. GEORGE WHO WAS SUPPOSED TO KILL 122 00:10:13,832 --> 00:10:17,302 ANDREW JOHNSON COULD NOT COMMON THE COURAGE TO DO SO AND LEFT 123 00:10:17,302 --> 00:10:21,972 THE SCENE. BUT JOHN WILKES BOOTH DID THE 124 00:10:21,974 --> 00:10:24,710 DEED. >> AS BOOTH FRANTICALLY RIDES TO 125 00:10:24,710 --> 00:10:32,417 MEET HIS CO‐CONSPIRATORS AT A SAFE HOUSE, FORD’S THEATER 126 00:10:32,417 --> 00:10:37,287 DESCENDS IN PANDEMONIUM. >> THEY CARRY HIM OUT AROUND THE 127 00:10:37,289 --> 00:10:42,528 SAME BALCONY HE’S JUST ENTERED IN TRIUMPH AND DOWN THE NARROW 128 00:10:42,528 --> 00:10:44,796 STAIRS. >> NOW THE PRESIDENT IS DYING IN 129 00:10:44,796 --> 00:10:50,335 THE MIDDLE OF A STREET. >> AND SOMEONE FROM A BOARDING 130 00:10:50,335 --> 00:10:54,235 HOUSE PORCH ACROSS THE STREET YELLS, BRING HIM IN HERE. 131 00:10:54,239 --> 00:10:57,539 >> SO THEY WENT TO THE BOARDING HOUSE. 132 00:10:57,543 --> 00:11:03,715 THEN THEY SENT THE WORD OUT TO MEMBERS OF THE CABINET, TO THE 133 00:11:03,715 --> 00:11:18,825 DOCTORS. >> AND THE VIGIL BEGINS. 134 00:11:18,830 --> 00:11:22,330 LINCOLN’S BREATHING BECOMES MORE IRREGULAR. 135 00:11:22,334 --> 00:11:27,039 HIS GASPS BECOME LOUDER AND MORE RATTLING. 136 00:11:27,039 --> 00:11:32,139 >> AND MARY COLLAPSED ON THE FLOOR IN HYSTERIA. 137 00:11:32,144 --> 00:11:38,450 >> ANGUISHED CRIES AND SHRIEKS. SHE SCREAMS ONE TOO MANY TIMES 138 00:11:38,450 --> 00:11:43,620 AT LEAST FOR EDWARD SAN TON THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 139 00:11:43,622 --> 00:11:47,226 AND STANTON SAID, TAKE THAT WOMAN OUT OF HERE AND DON’T LET 140 00:11:47,226 --> 00:11:50,326 HER BACK IN. >> IN THE 19th CENTURY THERE WAS 141 00:11:50,329 --> 00:11:54,729 NO MORE SACRED PLACE THAN A WIFE THAN TO BE BY THE SIDE OF HER 142 00:11:54,733 --> 00:11:57,135 DYING HUSBAND. THIS WAS A SACRED 143 00:11:57,135 --> 00:12:01,105 RESPONSIBILITY. AND I THINK SHE WAS OWED MORE 144 00:12:01,106 --> 00:12:05,736 THAN BEING ROBBED OF THAT EXPERIENCE. 145 00:12:05,744 --> 00:12:10,115 >> THROUGHOUT THE NIGHT, LINCOLN’S CONDITION WORSENS. 146 00:12:10,115 --> 00:12:16,115 BUT AS THE COUNTRY ANXIOUSLY AWAITS NEWS OF THE PRESIDENT, 147 00:12:16,121 --> 00:12:19,891 THE MAN HUNT FOR JOHN WILK 148 00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:39,140 >>> AS THE LATE HOURS OF APRIL 14th, 28651865 TRICKLE INTO MORN 149 00:12:39,144 --> 00:12:46,084 PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S CONDITION WORSENS. 150 00:12:46,084 --> 00:12:51,990 >> AND THE HEARTBEAT JUST GROWS FAINTER AND FAINTER UNTIL 7:22 151 00:12:51,990 --> 00:13:00,299 IN THE MORNING WHEN HE STOPS BREATHING AND THEY PRONOUNCE HIM 152 00:13:00,299 --> 00:13:06,638 DEAD. ONLY THEN IS MARY BROUGHT IN. 153 00:13:06,638 --> 00:13:13,378 AND COLLAPSES AGAIN AT HIS BEDSIDE. 154 00:13:13,378 --> 00:13:18,348 >> LINCOLN IS KILLED ON GOOD FRIDAY AND COMES TO BE SEEN AS A 155 00:13:18,350 --> 00:13:25,090 PERSON WHO IS MADE A MARTYR FOR A BROADER CAUSE. 156 00:13:25,090 --> 00:13:28,860 >> THEY STARTED PRINTING THESE PICTURES OF LINCOLN IN 157 00:13:28,860 --> 00:13:31,660 WASHINGTON UP IN THE CLOUDS LOOKING DOWN ON THE COUNTRY, 158 00:13:31,663 --> 00:13:35,901 MAKING THIS ULTIMATE SACRIFICE. >> BLACK PEOPLE IN WASHINGTON 159 00:13:35,901 --> 00:13:41,239 WERE GATHERING OUTSIDE THE WHITE HOUSE GATES FEELING THE LOSS 160 00:13:41,239 --> 00:13:47,809 PARTICULARLY KEENLY. HE WAS SEEN AS A PROTECTOR. 161 00:13:47,813 --> 00:13:53,652 >> EVEN THE CON FEDERAL MILITARY LEADERSHIP WAS APPALLED BY THE 162 00:13:53,652 --> 00:13:57,022 WAY BOOTH SNUCK UP BEHIND A MAN AND SHOT HIM IN THE BACK OF THE 163 00:13:57,022 --> 00:14:00,158 HEAD. THAT’S NOT A COURAGEOUS ACT. 164 00:14:00,158 --> 00:14:04,528 IT’S NOT AN HONORABLE THING THAT A SOLDIER WOULD DO. 165 00:14:04,529 --> 00:14:07,899 SO 20 CONFEDERATE GENERALS SIGNED A PAPER THAT SAID THEY 166 00:14:07,899 --> 00:14:13,669 CONDEMNED THE ASSASSINATION. PEOPLE WERE ASTONISHED THAT NOT 167 00:14:13,672 --> 00:14:19,077 ALL SOUTHERNERS APPLAUDED BOOTH FOR WHAT HE DID. 168 00:14:19,077 --> 00:14:21,807 THE COUNTRY WAS INCENSED THAT BOOTH VANISHED. 169 00:14:21,813 --> 00:14:33,523 IT WAS AND REMAINS THE GREATEST MAN HUNT IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 170 00:14:33,525 --> 00:14:37,562 >> JOHN WILKES BOOTH RIDES OUT OF WASHINGTON, D. C. AND INTO 171 00:14:37,562 --> 00:14:41,366 SOUTHERN MARYLAND WHERE HE ACQUIRES FIREARMS AND MEETS UP 172 00:14:41,366 --> 00:14:44,896 WITH CO‐CONSPIRATOR DAVID HAROLD. 173 00:14:44,903 --> 00:14:48,740 >> BUT BOOTH INJURED HIS LEG. HE’S TIRED AND HE’S IN PAIN. 174 00:14:48,740 --> 00:14:57,580 LUCKY BOOTH KNOWS A PROCESS SESSION NATE RACIST SLAVE OWNING 175 00:14:57,582 --> 00:15:04,990 DOCTOR SAMUEL MUD. THE NEXT DAY MR. MUD LEARNS THAT 176 00:15:04,990 --> 00:15:08,126 LINCOLN WAS SHOT AND WHO SHOT HIM. 177 00:15:08,126 --> 00:15:11,656 DR. MUD TELLS BOOTH, WHAT HAVE YOU DONE? 178 00:15:11,663 --> 00:15:16,468 WHAT HAVE YOU GOTTEN ME INVOLVED IN? 179 00:15:16,468 --> 00:15:18,837 YOU’VE GOT TO GO. AND THEY LEAVE. 180 00:15:18,837 --> 00:15:24,437 BUT WHEN THE UNION SOLDIERS ASK WHERE DID THE STRANGERS GO? 181 00:15:24,443 --> 00:15:30,282 DR. MUD POINTS IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION THAT JOHN WILKES BOOTH 182 00:15:30,282 --> 00:15:34,186 WENT. >> UNION TROOPS CANVAS MARYLAND. 183 00:15:34,186 --> 00:15:39,556 WITH EACH PASSING DAY, THE COUNTRY GROWS HUNGRIER FOR 184 00:15:39,558 --> 00:15:49,568 BOOTH’S CAPTURE. >> THE NATION WAS TRANCESFIXED O 185 00:15:49,568 --> 00:15:56,568 A MAN HUNT. STANTON OFFERED A $100,000 186 00:15:56,575 --> 00:15:58,710 REWARD. STRANGERS WERE ARRESTED ON 187 00:15:58,710 --> 00:16:01,610 TRAINS BECAUSE THEY HAD BLACK HAIR AND A BLACK PTERYGOID TACH. 188 00:16:01,613 --> 00:16:05,383 BOOTH AND HAROLD WERE DESPERATE. THERE WERE UNION TROOPS 189 00:16:05,383 --> 00:16:09,020 EVERYWHERE. THEY DECIDE THE BEST STRATEGY IS 190 00:16:09,020 --> 00:16:12,890 TO HIDE WHILE THE TROOPS PASS THROUGH MARYLAND. 191 00:16:12,891 --> 00:16:20,061 SO FOR THE NEXT SEVERAL DAYS, BOOTH AND DAVID HAROLD CAMP OUT 192 00:16:20,065 --> 00:16:24,569 IN THE REMOTE PINE THICKET. >> A FORMER CONFEDERATE SPY 193 00:16:24,569 --> 00:16:27,405 BRINGS THE FUGITIVES FOOD AND NEWSPAPERS. 194 00:16:27,405 --> 00:16:31,175 BOOTH IS SHOCKED TO LEARNED THAT THE COUNTRY HAS DUBBED LINCOLN A 195 00:16:31,176 --> 00:16:34,276 MARTYR AND HIM A COLD‐BLOODED KILLER. 196 00:16:34,279 --> 00:16:40,685 >> BOOTH REALLY THOUGHT HE WOULD BE A HERO. 197 00:16:40,685 --> 00:16:45,385 >> TEN DAYS AFTER THE ASSASSINATION, BOOTH AND HAROLD 198 00:16:45,390 --> 00:16:49,390 CROSS INTO VIRGINIA BELIEVING THEY WILL BE SAFE. 199 00:16:49,394 --> 00:16:52,998 >> THEY GO TO THE FARM. THEY DON’T TELL THE FAMILY WHO 200 00:16:52,998 --> 00:16:57,035 THEY ARE OR WHAT THEY HAVE DONE. THE FAMILY AGREES TO TAKE THEM 201 00:16:57,035 --> 00:17:00,165 IN. BUT THEN A UNION PATROL RIDES BY 202 00:17:00,171 --> 00:17:07,711 AND DAVID HAROLD AND BOOTH HIDE. THAT AROUSES SUSPICION. 203 00:17:07,712 --> 00:17:11,249 THEN THEY SAY, YOU CAN’T SLEEP IN OUR HOUSE TONIGHT. 204 00:17:11,249 --> 00:17:14,819 YOU HAVE TO SLEEP IN OUR TOBACCO BARN. 205 00:17:14,819 --> 00:17:17,119 THE GARRETTS LOCK THEM IN. THEY’RE TRAPPED. 206 00:17:17,122 --> 00:17:21,960 >> THE GARRETTS POINT A CAVALRY TO THE SUSPICIOUS STRANGERS 207 00:17:21,960 --> 00:17:26,860 SLEEPING IN THEIR BARN. IT QUICKLY BECOMES CLEAR THAT 208 00:17:26,865 --> 00:17:31,303 THEY FOUND THEIR ASSASSINS. >> THIS BEGINS A TWO‐HOUR 209 00:17:31,303 --> 00:17:33,703 EXCHANGE BECAUSE THEY WANT HIM ALIVE. 210 00:17:33,705 --> 00:17:40,412 >> EVENTUALLY DAVID HAROLD CRACKS AND TURNS HIMSELF IN. 211 00:17:40,412 --> 00:17:49,321 >> BOOTH STILL WON’T COME OUT. AND, SO, THE SOLDIERS SET THE 212 00:17:49,321 --> 00:17:52,958 BARN ON FIRE. >> JOHN WILKES BOOTH DECIDES 213 00:17:52,958 --> 00:17:55,458 THAT HE’S NOT GOING TO BE TAKEN ALIVE. 214 00:17:55,460 --> 00:18:00,565 HE’S SEEN WHAT HAPPENS TO A MAN WHO IS HANGED. 215 00:18:00,565 --> 00:18:02,995 HE’S NOT GOING TO SUFFER THOSE HUMILIATIONS. 216 00:18:03,001 --> 00:18:11,941 SO AS HE STARTS TO LEVEL HIS GUN AS THOUGH HE’S LEVELING IT TO 217 00:18:11,943 --> 00:18:16,581 SHOOT, THE SERGEANT SHOOTS ONE SHOT. 218 00:18:16,581 --> 00:18:21,351 IT STRIKES A VERTEBRAE. BOOTH IS THEN DRAGGED TO THE 219 00:18:21,353 --> 00:18:25,223 FRONT PORCH. BOOTH LOOKS AT HIS HANDS AND 220 00:18:25,223 --> 00:18:33,563 SAYS USELESS, USELESS. TELL MOTHER I DIE FOR MY 221 00:18:33,565 --> 00:18:36,534 COUNTRY. >> WITH BOOTH DEAD, AMERICANS 222 00:18:36,534 --> 00:18:41,640 ARE LEFT TO FACE THE COLD REALITY OF THEIR GRIEF AND THE 223 00:18:41,640 --> 00:18:45,080 DAUNTING TASK OF 224 00:18:55,587 --> 00:19:04,527 >>> ON APRIL 21st, 1865, A PROCESSION CARRIES THE BODY OF 225 00:19:04,529 --> 00:19:09,067 ABRAHAM LINCOLN THROUGH THE STREETS OF WASHINGTON, D. C. 226 00:19:09,067 --> 00:19:12,797 >> LINCOLN WAS THE FIRST AMERICAN PRESIDENT TO BE 227 00:19:12,804 --> 00:19:15,607 ASSASSINATED. AND, SO, IF NOW WE SORT OF THINK 228 00:19:15,607 --> 00:19:21,007 OF ATTEMPTS ON PRESIDENT’S LIVES AS A HORRIBLE BUT PRESENT PART 229 00:19:21,012 --> 00:19:25,617 OF AMERICAN HISTORY, AT THAT TIME IT ABSOLUTELY WAS NOT AND 230 00:19:25,617 --> 00:19:31,256 IT WAS A TRAGEDY. >> 100,000 PEOPLE LINED 231 00:19:31,256 --> 00:19:35,656 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE TO WATCH LINCOLN’S COFFIN DRAWN THROUGH 232 00:19:35,660 --> 00:19:39,297 THE STREETS OF WASHINGTON. IT WAS DECIDED THAT LINCOLN 233 00:19:39,297 --> 00:19:42,967 WOULD BE BURIED IN SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 234 00:19:42,967 --> 00:19:48,506 AND, SO, A GREAT RAILROAD PROCESSION WOULD BRING ABRAHAM 235 00:19:48,506 --> 00:19:56,076 LINCOLN HOME, ALONG WITH HIS SON, WILLY. 236 00:19:56,081 --> 00:20:03,121 >> LINCOLN’S FUNERAL TRAIN TRACES THE JOURNEY HE TOOK JUST 237 00:20:03,121 --> 00:20:13,631 FOUR YEARS EARLIER. MAKING THE SAME STOPS AT MANY OF 238 00:20:13,631 --> 00:20:21,106 THE SAME CITIES ALONG THE WAY. >> A MILLION PEOPLE VIEW THE 239 00:20:21,106 --> 00:20:26,176 CORPSE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN. MAJOR FUNERALS WERE CONDUCTED IN 240 00:20:26,177 --> 00:20:31,777 EACH CITY BECAUSE EVERY SOLDIER, EVERY BROTHER, EVERY FATHER WHO 241 00:20:31,783 --> 00:20:44,395 WAS LOST IN THAT WAR WAS COMING HOME WITH HIM ON THAT TRAIN. 242 00:20:44,395 --> 00:20:49,995 >> MARY WENT INTO A VERY PERMANENT STATE OF MOURNING. 243 00:20:50,001 --> 00:20:55,340 SHE ALWAYS WORE BLACK. TO HAVE HER HUSBAND SHOT IN 244 00:20:55,340 --> 00:21:01,446 FRONT OF HER, IT WAS REALLY AN EXPERIENCE SHE DID NOT RECOVER 245 00:21:01,446 --> 00:21:06,616 FROM. >> AFTER LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION 246 00:21:06,618 --> 00:21:11,288 ASSASSINATION, MARY SECLUDES HERSELF AND HER 12‐YEAR‐OLD SON 247 00:21:11,289 --> 00:21:13,319 TAD IN THE WHITE HOUSE FOR MORE THAN A MONTH. 248 00:21:13,324 --> 00:21:17,362 WHEN SHE IS FINALLY FORCED TO LEAVE, SHE FACES THE REALITY OF 249 00:21:17,362 --> 00:21:22,232 LIFE AS A WIDOW AND THE HARSH CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEBT SHE 250 00:21:22,233 --> 00:21:26,738 ACCUMULATED AS FIRST LADY. >> YOU HAD TO FEEL A LOT OF 251 00:21:26,738 --> 00:21:30,108 SYMPATHY FOR ALL THE GRIEF SHE SUFFERED OVER THE YEARS. 252 00:21:30,108 --> 00:21:34,078 BUT MARY WAS IN A REAL FINANCIAL CRISIS. 253 00:21:34,078 --> 00:21:37,448 WHEN SHE WAS IN THE WHITE HOUSE, CREDIT WAS LIMITLESS. 254 00:21:37,448 --> 00:21:42,448 BUT NOW THEY WANTED TO BE PAID. SO IN THAT FINANCIAL JAM, SHE 255 00:21:42,453 --> 00:21:45,256 DECIDED TO SELL A LOT OF HER CLOTHES. 256 00:21:45,256 --> 00:21:49,286 >> THERE WAS A MERCHANT IN NEW YORK WHO PROMISED TO SELL IT 257 00:21:49,294 --> 00:21:54,732 SECRETLY, QUIETLY. BUT IT BROKE IN THE NEWSPAPERS, 258 00:21:54,732 --> 00:21:57,735 AND THE OLD CLOTHES SCANDAL WAS ALL OVER. 259 00:21:57,735 --> 00:21:59,965 >> THEY LOOKED THROUGH HER CLOTHES. 260 00:21:59,971 --> 00:22:03,107 THERE WERE A LOT OF INSULTING COMMENTS ABOUT HOW SOME OF THE 261 00:22:03,107 --> 00:22:05,537 CLOTHES WERE STILL STAINED WITH HER OWN SWEAT. 262 00:22:05,543 --> 00:22:09,180 A LOT OF COMMENTS ABOUT HOW LOW CUT THEY WERE. 263 00:22:09,180 --> 00:22:15,320 AND SHE SOLD ALMOST NOTHING. AGAIN SHE WAS THE FIGURE OF 264 00:22:15,320 --> 00:22:17,320 MOCKERY. >> TO ESCAPE THE RELENTLESS 265 00:22:17,322 --> 00:22:24,462 PUBLIC ABUSE, IN 1868, MARY TAKES HER 16‐YEAR‐OLD SON AND 266 00:22:24,462 --> 00:22:29,567 MOVES TO GERMANY. >> SHE TOOK HIM TO EUROPE TO BE 267 00:22:29,567 --> 00:22:32,067 EDUCATED. HE WAS VIEWED AS THE LEFTOVER 268 00:22:32,070 --> 00:22:34,939 LINCOLN, AND SHE WANTED HIM TO SHINE. 269 00:22:34,939 --> 00:22:42,347 >> MARY AND TAD RETURNED AND TAD, SADLY, WAS STRICKEN ILL. 270 00:22:42,347 --> 00:22:48,286 >> HERE WAS TAD, HER THIRD SON DYING IN FRONT OF HER. 271 00:22:48,286 --> 00:22:56,556 >> AND IT WAS MARY’S FOURTH DEATH WATCH AS A WIFE AND A 272 00:22:56,561 --> 00:23:00,231 MOTHER. MARY HERSELF SAID IT WAS THE 273 00:23:00,231 --> 00:23:11,809 SADDEST OF ALL OF THEM. AFTER TAD’S DEATH, HER DOCTOR 274 00:23:11,809 --> 00:23:17,079 PRESCRIBED THE MOST WIDELY PRESCRIBED SEDATIVE, AND SHE 275 00:23:17,081 --> 00:23:21,219 BECAME ADDICTED TO IT. SHE CALLED IT HER POWDERS. 276 00:23:21,219 --> 00:23:27,525 >> THE DRUG CAUSES CONFUSION AND HALLUCINATIONS, WORSENING MARY’S 277 00:23:27,525 --> 00:23:31,625 ALREADY FRAGILE MENTAL STATE. >> SHE SUSPECTED PEOPLE OF 278 00:23:31,629 --> 00:23:34,966 SPYING ON HER. SHE THOUGHT PEOPLE WERE TRYING 279 00:23:34,966 --> 00:23:37,796 TO POISON HER. AND, SO, SHE WAS PUT ON TRIAL 280 00:23:37,802 --> 00:23:42,607 FOR INSANITY. SHE ENTERED THE COURTROOM, AND 281 00:23:42,607 --> 00:23:46,937 THERE, TO HER AMAZEMENT, IS HER SON ROBERT. 282 00:23:46,945 --> 00:23:50,315 SHE WAS VERY INSULTED, VERY UPSET, UNDERSTANDABLY. 283 00:23:50,315 --> 00:23:55,219 HE DECIDED THAT FOR HER OWN PROTECTION SHE NEEDED TO BE 284 00:23:55,219 --> 00:23:58,489 COMMITTED. >> HER ONLY LIVING SON BETRAYED 285 00:23:58,489 --> 00:24:02,389 HER. >> ON MAY 19th, 1875, MARY 286 00:24:02,393 --> 00:24:06,463 LINCOLN IS DECLARED INSANE BY A JURY OF ROBERT’S FRIENDS AND 287 00:24:06,464 --> 00:24:09,634 COLLEAGUES. SHE IS TAKEN AGAINST HER WILL TO 288 00:24:09,634 --> 00:24:11,936 AN EXCLUSIVE SANITARIUM OUTSIDE OF CHICAGO. 289 00:24:11,936 --> 00:24:18,006 >> THE MINUTE SHE GOT PUT IN THERE, SHE STARTED PLOTTING. 290 00:24:18,009 --> 00:24:23,848 >> SO FROM HER LITTLE ROOM, SHE ORGANIZED A PR CAMPAIGN THAT 291 00:24:23,848 --> 00:24:30,788 WOULD BE THE ENVY OF THE MOST BRILLIANT PR CAMPAIGN OF OUR 292 00:24:30,788 --> 00:24:34,225 TIMES. >> MARY CONVINCES NEWSPAPERS TO 293 00:24:34,225 --> 00:24:38,155 PUBLISH LETTERS ATTESTING TO HER MENTAL SOUNDNESS, LEADING THE 294 00:24:38,162 --> 00:24:42,400 PUBLIC TO DEMAND JUSTICE FOR THE SCORNED WIDOW. 295 00:24:42,400 --> 00:24:46,200 AFTER ONLY FOUR MONTHS, SHE IS RETRIED AND RELEASED FROM THE 296 00:24:46,204 --> 00:24:51,242 INSTITUTION INTO THE CARE OF HER SISTER. 297 00:24:51,242 --> 00:24:54,412 MARY SPENDS HER FINAL YEARS OUT OF THE SPOTLIGHT BEFORE PASSING 298 00:24:54,412 --> 00:25:03,921 AWAY IN 1882 AT THE AGE OF 63. >> MRS. LINCOLN WAS SUCH AN 299 00:25:03,921 --> 00:25:06,290 IMPORTANT CONFIDANT FOR HER HUSBAND. 300 00:25:06,290 --> 00:25:10,460 AND THE TRAGEDIES OF HER LIFE WERE ENORMOUS. 301 00:25:10,461 --> 00:25:18,770 IT REALLY BOTHERED ME THAT, ACCORDING TO THE LINCOLNISTAS, 302 00:25:18,770 --> 00:25:22,840 MARY WAS VAIN AND UNSTABLE. I THINK SHE WAS AN INTERESTING 303 00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:27,945 AND COMPLICATED WOMAN AND SADLY BUYING EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF 304 00:25:27,945 --> 00:25:31,675 THINGS COULD NOT OUTWEIGH THE SORROW SHE ALWAYS CARRIED 305 00:25:31,682 --> 00:25:35,787 BECAUSE SHE WAS ALWAYS IN FEAR OF BEING ABANDONED. 306 00:25:35,787 --> 00:25:40,157 >> BUT OF ALL THE TRAGEDIES THE LINCOLN FAMILY SUFFERED, THE 307 00:25:40,158 --> 00:25:46,028 GREAT ITSELFEST WAS THE FACT THA LEGACY STARTS AND ENDS WITH 308 00:25:46,030 --> 00:25:48,266 ABRAHAM. ROBERT LINCOLN WENT ON TO BECOME 309 00:25:48,266 --> 00:25:51,896 THE MODERN DAY EQUIVALENT OF WHAT YOU MIGHT CALL A HEDGE FUND 310 00:25:51,903 --> 00:25:55,473 GUY. HE HUNG OUT WITH VERY POWERFUL, 311 00:25:55,473 --> 00:26:01,712 RICH MEN OF THE DAY. >> IN THE END, HIS DESCENDANTS 312 00:26:01,712 --> 00:26:07,082 BECAME KNOWN FOR DECKADENTS AND ENTITLEMENT AND LED TO THE 313 00:26:07,085 --> 00:26:09,020 DESTRUCTION OF THE LINEAGE OF LINCOLN. 314 00:26:09,020 --> 00:26:11,289 >> THERE IS NO LINEAGE, SO LINCOLN IS LOST TO US. 315 00:26:11,289 --> 00:26:14,989 HE CAME DOWN, SHOWED UP, DID WHAT HE HAD TO DO AND WAS GONE. 316 00:26:14,992 --> 00:26:20,398 I HAVE ALWAYS FOUND THAT TO BE ALMOST SUPER NATURAL. 317 00:26:20,398 --> 00:26:25,198 >> BUT LINCOLN’S PREMATURE DEPARTURE LEFT THE NATION 318 00:26:25,203 --> 00:26:26,803 STRUGGLING TO FIND A PATH FORWARD. 319 00:26:26,804 --> 00:26:33,744 THE YEARS AFTER HIS DEATH ARE FRAUGHT WITH TURMOIL THAT 320 00:26:42,320 --> 00:26:45,056 >>> IN THE WAKE OF LINCOLN’S DEATH AND THE PASSING OF THE 321 00:26:45,056 --> 00:26:50,226 13th AMENDMENT, FREEDOM FINALLY BEGINS TO REACH THE FAR EDGE OF 322 00:26:50,228 --> 00:26:52,797 THE CONFEDERACY. >> ENSLAVED PEOPLE IN LARGE 323 00:26:52,797 --> 00:26:55,766 PARTS OF THE SOUTH, THEY DIDN’T HAVE ACCESS TO THE PATHWAYS OF 324 00:26:55,766 --> 00:27:00,036 FREEDOM THAT THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION OUTLINED. 325 00:27:00,037 --> 00:27:05,137 SO THOUSANDS OF ENSLAVED PEOPLE REMAINED LIVING IN BONDAGE. 326 00:27:05,143 --> 00:27:11,883 >> WHEN LINCOLN ISSUED THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION, A 327 00:27:11,883 --> 00:27:22,226 NUMBER OF PEOPLE TOOK THEIR SLAVES TO TEXAS AS A WAY OF E 328 00:27:22,226 --> 00:27:23,926 EMANCIPATION EMANCIPATION. 329 00:27:23,928 --> 00:27:26,697 >> IT’S A SIGN TO THE FORMER CONFEDERATES THAT YOU WILL NOT 330 00:27:26,697 --> 00:27:30,497 BE ABLE TO GET AROUND THE LAW. THE SIGNAL THAT THIS IS GOING TO 331 00:27:30,501 --> 00:27:34,001 BE ENFORCED. >> SOUTHERNERS DO NOT ADAPT WELL 332 00:27:34,005 --> 00:27:37,542 TO THEIR NEW REALITY. THE WAR HAS LEFT THEIR LAND, 333 00:27:37,542 --> 00:27:40,978 THEIR ECONOMY AND THEIR WAY OF LIFE IN RUINS. 334 00:27:40,978 --> 00:27:51,488 AND WITHOUT LINCOLN’S LEADERSHIP OR CLEAR PATH TO RECONSTRUCTION, 335 00:27:51,489 --> 00:27:56,089 CHAOS ENSUES. >> AFTER THE WAR, THE SOUTH 336 00:27:56,093 --> 00:28:02,667 FACED A BIG PROBLEM OF ECONOMIC REDEVELOPMENT. 337 00:28:02,667 --> 00:28:04,467 CONFEDERATE CURRENCY IS WORTHLESS. 338 00:28:04,468 --> 00:28:07,168 ALL THE BANKS IN THE SOUTH WERE BANKRUPT. 339 00:28:07,171 --> 00:28:10,671 NOT TO MENTION THE FACT YOU HAVE TO FIGURE OUT A SYSTEM OF LABOR 340 00:28:10,675 --> 00:28:15,146 TO REPLACE SLAVERY. >> THE SOUTH IS FLOODED WITH 341 00:28:15,146 --> 00:28:19,046 DISGRUNTLED SOUTHERN WHITES THAT WHITE FREE BLACKS AND THEY TURN 342 00:28:19,050 --> 00:28:23,187 TO TERROR IN THE FORM OF THE KU KLUX KLAN. 343 00:28:23,187 --> 00:28:28,057 >> YOU CANNOT IMAGINE A WORSE TIME FOR SOMEONE LIKE LINCOLN TO 344 00:28:28,059 --> 00:28:31,759 LEAVE THE STAGE. EVERYTHING HE’S LEARNED AND THE 345 00:28:31,762 --> 00:28:36,100 ESTEEM HE’S HELD IN IS NEEDED TO GET US THROUGH RECONSTRUCTION, 346 00:28:36,100 --> 00:28:38,900 AND HE’S MURDERED. AND THE GUY WHO REPLACES HIM 347 00:28:38,903 --> 00:28:43,773 COULDN’T BE A WORSE PICK FOR THAT MOMENT. 348 00:28:43,774 --> 00:28:51,916 >> LINCOLN’S AS IS NATIONS ISS I ASSASSINATION ELEVATES ANDREW 349 00:28:51,916 --> 00:28:56,316 JOHNSON TO THE PRESIDENCY. HE WAS PUT ON THE TICKET TO 350 00:28:56,320 --> 00:29:00,290 APPEAL TO BORDER STATE SLAVE OWNERS. 351 00:29:00,291 --> 00:29:02,627 >> ANDREW JOHNSON WAS INCREDIBLY RACIST. 352 00:29:02,627 --> 00:29:07,457 HE HAS NO PERSONAL INTEREST IN SECURING EQUALITY FOR BLACK MEN. 353 00:29:07,465 --> 00:29:11,135 >> THE RADICALS QUICKLY REALIZE HE’S SIDING WITH THE SOUTHERN 354 00:29:11,135 --> 00:29:14,505 WHITES OVER AND OVER AGAIN. >> JOHNSON’S POLICY MAKES IT 355 00:29:14,505 --> 00:29:18,275 EASY TO GET A PARDON IF YOU WERE A HIGH‐LEVEL CON FEDERAL TO I 356 00:29:18,276 --> 00:29:21,076 SHALL IF. HE SAYS, I’M NOT GOING TO TELL 357 00:29:21,078 --> 00:29:24,178 YOU WHO CAN VOTE. THAT SENDS A SIGNAL THAT THERE 358 00:29:24,181 --> 00:29:29,086 WILL NOT BE A LOT OF OVERSIGHT, THAT THEY CAN DO A LOT OF THINGS 359 00:29:29,086 --> 00:29:32,986 TO DENY AFRICAN‐AMERICANS RIGHTS AND TO INFLICT VIOLENCE ON THEM 360 00:29:32,990 --> 00:29:36,627 WITHOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF BEING PUNISHED FOR IT. 361 00:29:36,627 --> 00:29:49,206 >> IN 1869, JOHNSON IS SUCCEEDED BY ULYSSES S. GRANT. 362 00:29:49,206 --> 00:29:55,506 >> THE 14th AMENDMENT THAT DOES GUARANTEE CITIZEN, THAT GIVES 363 00:29:55,513 --> 00:30:00,451 BLACK MEN THE ABILITY TO VOTE. >> THE 14th AMENDMENT AND BEYOND 364 00:30:00,451 --> 00:30:05,121 LAID OUT A VERY CLEAR BLUEPRINT FOR RACIAL EQUALITY. 365 00:30:05,122 --> 00:30:08,392 THERE WERE BLACK LEGISLATURES FROM MISSISSIPPI SITTING IN THE 366 00:30:08,392 --> 00:30:10,361 CONGRESS AND SITTING IN THE SENATE. 367 00:30:10,361 --> 00:30:16,467 THAT HAPPENED. >> FORMERLY ENSLAVED BLACK 368 00:30:16,467 --> 00:30:19,397 PEOPLE ARE GETTING EDUCATED. SCHOOLS ARE BEING SET UP. 369 00:30:19,403 --> 00:30:25,176 THE ELECTION OF 1870 IN VIRGINIA, 140,000 BLACK MEN WILL 370 00:30:25,176 --> 00:30:28,045 VOTE. SO RECONSTRUCTION WAS NOT A 371 00:30:28,045 --> 00:30:32,475 FAILURE. RECONSTRUCTION WAS ABANDONED. 372 00:30:32,483 --> 00:30:37,753 >> THE ECONOMIC PROJECT OF SLAVERY YIELDED ALSO A KIND OF 373 00:30:37,755 --> 00:30:43,527 CAST THINKING ABOUT WHITE SUPREMACY, AND WE SEE THAT 374 00:30:43,527 --> 00:30:47,327 PSYCHOLOGY STILL CONTINUES EVEN AFTER THE CIVIL WAR IS OVER. 375 00:30:47,331 --> 00:30:50,568 AFRICAN‐AMERICANS ARE NOT GIVEN THE LAND THAT THEY’RE ENTITLED 376 00:30:50,568 --> 00:30:52,598 TO. AND SO GENERALLY BLACK AMERICANS 377 00:30:52,603 --> 00:30:58,309 ARE REQUIRED TO WORK AS TENANT FARMERS WITH WHITE LANDOWNERS. 378 00:30:58,309 --> 00:31:02,546 >> THESE SHARECROPPERS BECAME DEPENDENT ON THE VERY PEOPLE WHO 379 00:31:02,546 --> 00:31:07,276 HAD HELD THEM ENSLAVED. SO ANY KIND OF ECONOMIC 380 00:31:07,284 --> 00:31:09,286 OPPORTUNITY WAS TAKEN AWAY FROM THEM. 381 00:31:09,286 --> 00:31:13,316 AND, SO, THE COUNTRY MOVES DOWN THE WRONG PATH IMMEDIATELY. 382 00:31:13,324 --> 00:31:18,629 >> BY USING POLITICAL TERROR, WHITE SUPREMACISTS ARE ABLE TO 383 00:31:18,629 --> 00:31:22,999 OVERTHROW ONE BY ONE THE CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION 384 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:25,035 GOVERNMENTS. THE OLD SOUTHERN DEMOCRATIC 385 00:31:25,035 --> 00:31:29,335 REGIMES HAVE BEEN REINSTALLED AND THE WAY IS OPENED TO ONE OF 386 00:31:29,340 --> 00:31:36,480 THE GREAT DISGRACES OF AMERICAN HISTORY, THE IMPOSITION OF JIM 387 00:31:36,480 --> 00:31:39,180 CROWE AND SEGREGATION. >> IT’S BRUTAL. 388 00:31:39,183 --> 00:31:42,486 IT’S TERRORISM AGAINST THE BLACK POPULATION. 389 00:31:42,486 --> 00:31:48,986 YOU HAVE THE WHITE SOUTHERN POPULATION USING VIOLENCE TO SUE 390 00:31:48,993 --> 00:31:53,798 SUPPRESS THE BLACK POPULATION. THIS BECOMES A NEW NORMAL IN 391 00:31:53,798 --> 00:31:56,066 AMERICA. >> REMEMBER I GAVE YOU THAT STAT 392 00:31:56,066 --> 00:32:00,766 ABOUT VIRGINIA AND 140,000 FORMERLY ENSLAVED PEOPLE VOTING 393 00:32:00,771 --> 00:32:07,641 IN THE 1870 ELECTION? BY 1900, IT WAS NOW 10,000. 394 00:32:07,645 --> 00:32:10,414 >> THE FAILURE OF THE RECONSTRUCTION THAT’S REALLY 395 00:32:10,414 --> 00:32:12,917 IMPORTANT IS THE FAILURE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO ENSURE 396 00:32:12,917 --> 00:32:18,987 THAT BLACK MEN WOULD ACTUALLY RECEIVE EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE 397 00:32:18,989 --> 00:32:23,127 LAWS AND WOULD BE ALLOWED EQUAL ACCESS TO THE POLLS. 398 00:32:23,127 --> 00:32:25,957 >> YOU DID HAVEN’T THE LEADERSHIP IN PLACE TO MAKE IT 399 00:32:25,963 --> 00:32:28,766 REAL. SO YOU HAVE A MISSING CENTURY OF 400 00:32:28,766 --> 00:32:31,936 PROGRESS. AND IT IS ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO 401 00:32:31,936 --> 00:32:33,536 IMAGINE WHAT AMERICA WOULD HAVE BEEN LIKE. 402 00:32:33,537 --> 00:32:38,876 IF THE BULLET HAD MISSED. >> IF RECONSTRUCTION UNTIL THE 403 00:32:38,876 --> 00:32:45,046 CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, YOU HAVE BLACK LEADERS ENVOEKING 404 00:32:45,049 --> 00:32:48,786 LINCOLN’S NAME TO GET WHITE MEN AND WOMEN TO LIVE UP TO THAT 405 00:32:48,786 --> 00:32:52,586 PROMISE ON THE STEPS OF THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL, KING IS 406 00:32:52,590 --> 00:33:00,060 TALKING ABOUT THE PROMISE THAT LINCOLN HAD MADE HAS NOT BEEN 407 00:33:00,064 --> 00:33:04,134 FULFILLED. >> IN 1964, THE CIVIL RIGHTS 408 00:33:04,134 --> 00:33:10,774 BILL OUTLAWS DISCRIMINATION BASED ON RACE, RELIGION, SEX OR 409 00:33:10,774 --> 00:33:13,577 NATIONALITY. BUT SINCE ITS PASSING, LAWS 410 00:33:13,577 --> 00:33:19,617 SUPPORTING AND DEBILITATING THE ENFRANCHISEMENT OF BLACK 411 00:33:19,617 --> 00:33:23,487 AMERICANS HAVE EBBED AND FLOWED. FOR EVERY POLICY UPHOLDING 412 00:33:23,487 --> 00:33:26,187 EQUALITY, THERE IS ANOTHER UNDERMINING IT. 413 00:33:26,190 --> 00:33:29,090 >> LINCOLN CERTAINLY WOULD ACKNOWLEDGE HOW FAR WE HAVE COME 414 00:33:29,093 --> 00:33:31,462 BECAUSE WE REALLY HAVE, BUT WE’RE NOT THERE. 415 00:33:31,462 --> 00:33:36,467 WE ARE DEFINITELY NOT THERE. AND IN RECENT TIMES, IT SEEMS 416 00:33:36,467 --> 00:33:40,667 WE’RE GOING BACKWARDS. I THINK IN MANY WAYS, LINCOLN 417 00:33:40,671 --> 00:33:44,271 WOULD BE MOST DISAPPOINTED WITH WHAT WE HAVE NOT ESTABLISHED. 418 00:33:44,275 --> 00:33:48,779 >> STILL A LONG PUSH FOR BASIC HUMANITY, FOR BASIC CIVIL 419 00:33:48,779 --> 00:33:50,648 RIGHTS. WHAT PEOPLE ARE MISSING AND 420 00:33:50,648 --> 00:33:56,048 SAYING ALL LIVES MATTER, THEY’RE MISSING A HISTORY IN WHICH BLACK 421 00:33:56,053 --> 00:34:02,860 PEOPLE’S BODIES AND LIVES HAVE BEEN THOUGHT OF AS EXPENDABLE, 422 00:34:02,860 --> 00:34:07,330 INCONSEQUENTIAL, NOT FULLY EQUAL. 423 00:34:07,331 --> 00:34:13,070 THIS EXPENDABILITY IS SOMETHING WE HAVE NOT YET BEEN ABLE TO 424 00:34:13,070 --> 00:34:16,040 SHED. >> THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE 425 00:34:16,040 --> 00:34:20,040 MOMENT OF ABOLITION THAT LINCOLN LIVED THROUGH AND THE BLACK 426 00:34:20,044 --> 00:34:23,814 LIVES MATTER MOVEMENT TODAY IS THAT IT WAS ABOUT IMAGING WHO 427 00:34:23,814 --> 00:34:27,217 HAD RIGHTS AND BRINGING MORE PEOPLE INTO THAT CONVERSATION. 428 00:34:27,217 --> 00:34:31,687 WHAT HAPPENS IF WE PRIORITIZE THE NEEDS OF THE MOST VULNERABLE 429 00:34:31,689 --> 00:34:34,925 IN THIS SOCIETY? >> EVEN THOUGH PROGRESS IS NEVER 430 00:34:34,925 --> 00:34:37,825 LINEAR, LINCOLN SET IN MOTION A PROCESS. 431 00:34:37,828 --> 00:34:40,328 THERE IS SOMETHING ABOUT THIS COUNTRY THAT SEEMS LIKE IT WANTS 432 00:34:40,331 --> 00:34:48,038 TO GET TO A BETTER PLACE. EVEN IN THE MOST DIFFICULT 433 00:34:48,038 --> 00:34:50,438 TIMES. >> RACIAL VIOLENCE IN AMERICA 434 00:34:50,441 --> 00:34:54,845 HAS CHANGED SHAPE AND FORM. BUT THE COUNTRY BUILT ON THE 435 00:34:54,845 --> 00:34:59,515 BACKS OF THE ENSLAVED HAS NOT BEEN ABLE TO SHAPE WHITE 436 00:34:59,516 --> 00:35:03,586 SUPREMACY FROM ITS DNA. LINCOLN USHERED THE COUNTRY 437 00:35:03,587 --> 00:35:07,017 THROUGH THE CIVIL WAR. BUT WOULD HE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO 438 00:35:07,024 --> 00:35:09,994 NAVIGATE ITS COMPLICATED AFTERMATH? 439 00:35:09,994 --> 00:35:12,763 >> WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED HAD LINCOLN LIVED? 440 00:35:12,763 --> 00:35:18,168 >> LINCOLN TOOK A GIANT STEP TOWARD EQUALITY, TOOK A GIANT 441 00:35:18,168 --> 00:35:20,537 STEP TOWARD EXTENDING OPPORTUNITY. 442 00:35:20,537 --> 00:35:24,237 AND I LIVE WITH THE SPECULATION OF WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED HAD 443 00:35:24,241 --> 00:35:26,741 HE BEEN PERMITTED TO COMPLETE HIS OWN WORK. 444 00:35:26,744 --> 00:35:32,049 >> WE ALWAYS LIKE TO THINK ABOUT A BETTER FUTURE THAN THE ONE WE 445 00:35:32,049 --> 00:35:34,818 SAW. ONE CAN ARGUE THAT LINCOLN HAD 446 00:35:34,818 --> 00:35:38,956 THE KIND OF TEMPERAMENT THAT HE MIGHT HAVE BEEN ABLE TO SEE HIS 447 00:35:38,956 --> 00:35:42,056 WAY THROUGH RECONSTRUCTION AND COME TO A BETTER RESULT. 448 00:35:42,059 --> 00:35:48,098 >> BUT THE FANTASY THAT LINCOLN COULD SOMEHOW HAVE SINGLE 449 00:35:48,098 --> 00:35:52,298 HANDEDLY MANAGED THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE ABOLITION OF 450 00:35:52,302 --> 00:35:55,072 SLAVERY, I THINK IT IS A FANTASY. 451 00:35:55,072 --> 00:35:59,610 >> THE SOCIAL FORCES WOULD HAVE PRESENTED LINCOLN WITH THE SAME 452 00:35:59,610 --> 00:36:04,048 QUANDARY HIS SUCCESSORS FACE. VERY MUCH THE SAME PROBLEMS WE 453 00:36:04,048 --> 00:36:07,218 CONFRONT T 454 00:36:13,157 --> 00:36:17,187 >>> THERE HAVE BEEN 46 AMERICAN PRESIDENTS AND 46 DIFFERENT 455 00:36:17,194 --> 00:36:21,064 INTERPRETATIONS AS TO WHAT THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THAT OFFICE 456 00:36:21,065 --> 00:36:24,368 ENTAILED. BUT LINCOLN REMAINS THE STANDARD 457 00:36:24,368 --> 00:36:30,307 TO WHICH HIS SUCCESSORS, DEMOCRAT AND REPUBLICAN, ARE 458 00:36:30,307 --> 00:36:33,807 HELD. >> LINCOLN EMBODIES SO MANY 459 00:36:33,811 --> 00:36:39,550 TRAITS WHICH ARE CONSIDERED QUINTESSENTIALLY AMERICAN. 460 00:36:39,550 --> 00:36:45,055 HE’S THE MAN WHO ROSE THROUGH HIS OWN HARD WORK FROM VERY 461 00:36:45,055 --> 00:36:47,655 MODEST BEGINNINGS TO THE PINNACLES OF POWER. 462 00:36:47,658 --> 00:36:51,388 AND HE’S THE MAN WHO, QUOTE, UNQUOTE, FREED THE SLAVES. 463 00:36:51,395 --> 00:36:55,666 HE USED POLITICAL POWER FOR MORAL PURPOSES. 464 00:36:55,666 --> 00:36:59,696 SO PEOPLE SEE HIM AGAIN AS THE PERSON WHO REFLECTS WHAT WE WANT 465 00:36:59,703 --> 00:37:04,173 AMERICA TO BE. >> BY THE FACT THAT HE’S GONE SO 466 00:37:04,174 --> 00:37:07,411 DRAMATICALLY AND SO QUICKLY AT THE PEAK OF HIS POWER JUST AS 467 00:37:07,411 --> 00:37:13,381 THE WAR IS FOLDING UP HAS FOREVER TRAPPED HIM IN THIS 468 00:37:13,383 --> 00:37:17,888 AMBER. THIS IS THE PERFECT PRESIDENT 469 00:37:17,888 --> 00:37:26,528 AND PERSON. >> SINCE HIS DEATH, LINCOLN HAS 470 00:37:26,530 --> 00:37:30,868 BEEN MARTYRED AND IDOLIZED. HISTORY HAS CAST HIM INTO THE 471 00:37:30,868 --> 00:37:36,907 ROLE OF AMERICA’S SAVIOR. >> THERE ARE IMPORTANT WAYS IN 472 00:37:36,907 --> 00:37:42,377 WHICH THINKING ABOUT LINCOLN AS A MARTYR DISCOURAGED AMERICAN 473 00:37:42,379 --> 00:37:45,315 PEOPLE FROM THINKING ABOUT THE FLAWS OF WHAT HE DID OR FAILED 474 00:37:45,315 --> 00:37:49,185 TO DO. THE FACT OF LINCOLN’S DEATH 475 00:37:49,186 --> 00:37:56,786 ENCOURAGED SORT OF A ROSIE ‐‐ ROSY PICTURE OF WHO HE WAS IN 476 00:37:56,794 --> 00:37:59,830 LIFE. >> WE DO A DISSERVICE TO HIM AND 477 00:37:59,830 --> 00:38:03,167 THE COUNTRY WHEN HE PUT HIM ON A PEDESTAL AND WE BELIEVE THAT HE 478 00:38:03,167 --> 00:38:06,967 NEVER MADE MISTAKES. I COULD NOT READ LINCOLN AND NOT 479 00:38:06,970 --> 00:38:11,708 BE IMPACTED WHEN HE TALKS ABOUT RACE AND HE TALKS ABOUT WHITES 480 00:38:11,708 --> 00:38:15,508 BEING SUPERIOR TO BLACKS. THAT CUTS TO THE HEART. 481 00:38:15,512 --> 00:38:20,050 EVEN IF YOU’RE TRAINED TO BE OBJECTIVE, HONEST HISTORIANS 482 00:38:20,050 --> 00:38:23,820 COME TO THE REALIZATION THAT THEIR INTERPRETATIONS OF THE 483 00:38:23,821 --> 00:38:29,691 PAST ARE COLORED BY THEIR OWN PREJUDICES, BY THEIR OWN LIVES 484 00:38:29,693 --> 00:38:32,796 EXPERIENCES. AND AS A WOMAN OF COLOR, I SEE 485 00:38:32,796 --> 00:38:36,296 THE WORLD THROUGH A DIFFERENT PAIR OF EYES. 486 00:38:36,300 --> 00:38:43,470 >> PEOPLE WANT HEROES. WE HAVE TO BELIEVE THAT THERE IS 487 00:38:43,473 --> 00:38:46,343 THIS BENEVOLENT WHITE PRESIDENT WHO LOVED EVERYBODY WHO WANTED 488 00:38:46,343 --> 00:38:49,913 US AS ONE COUNTRY BECAUSE IN LINCOLN DOESN’T BELIEVE IN THAT, 489 00:38:49,913 --> 00:38:53,016 IT MAKES THE ENTIRE AMERICAN STORY A LOT HARDER TO UNDERSTAND 490 00:38:53,016 --> 00:39:00,356 WHEN IT COMES TO RACE. >> ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS NOT THE 491 00:39:00,357 --> 00:39:04,987 GREAT EMANCIPATOR. BUT ABRAHAM LINCOLN HEARD BLACK 492 00:39:04,995 --> 00:39:08,298 PEOPLE’S CONCERNS AND LISTENED TO THEM AND HELPED TO MOVE THE 493 00:39:08,298 --> 00:39:11,968 COUNTRY TOWARD POLICIES THAT WOULD ACTUALLY MAKE THAT FREEDOM 494 00:39:11,969 --> 00:39:13,899 REAL. LINCOLN’S LIFE STORY IS A STORY 495 00:39:13,904 --> 00:39:19,343 ABOUT WHAT CAN HAPPEN WHEN A THOUGHTFUL LEADER LISTENS TO THE 496 00:39:19,343 --> 00:39:23,680 RIGHT PEOPLE. >> ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE 497 00:39:23,680 --> 00:39:30,120 NAACP SAID ABOUT LINCOLN, I LOVE HIM, NOT BECAUSE HE WAS PERFECT, 498 00:39:30,120 --> 00:39:36,660 BUT BECAUSE HE WASN’T AND YET HE TRIUMPHED. 499 00:39:36,660 --> 00:39:43,630 THE WORLD IS BORN OF THOSE HATING AND DECEMBERSPISEING THEI 500 00:39:43,634 --> 00:39:46,370 FELLOWS. TO THOSE I LOVE TO SAY, DO YOU 501 00:39:46,370 --> 00:39:50,707 SEE THIS MAN? HE WAS ONE OF YOU, BUT HE BECAME 502 00:39:50,707 --> 00:39:55,007 AN RA HAPPEN LINCOLN. WE CAN BECOME BETTER VERSIONS OF 503 00:39:55,012 --> 00:39:56,847 OURSELVES. WE CAN CHANGE OVER TIME. 504 00:39:56,847 --> 00:40:00,677 LINCOLN WAS EVOLUTIONARY. AND IN BEING EVOLUTIONARY, HE 505 00:40:00,684 --> 00:40:09,559 BECAME REVOLUTIONARY. >> THE IDEALIZED VERSION OF 506 00:40:09,559 --> 00:40:14,259 LINCOLN IS AMERICA AT ITS BEST. IT’S AMERICA LOOKING AT THE 507 00:40:14,264 --> 00:40:17,734 THINGS THAT ARE WRONG AND TRYING TO MAKE THEM RIGHT. 508 00:40:17,734 --> 00:40:21,638 >> DR. KING’S SPEECH BEGAN BY SAYING THAT HE STANDS IN THE 509 00:40:21,638 --> 00:40:27,077 SHADOW OF THE MEMORIAL TO THE AMERICAN PRESIDENT 100 YEARS AGO 510 00:40:27,077 --> 00:40:30,707 ISSUED THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION AND CHANGED 511 00:40:30,714 --> 00:40:33,016 AMERICA. I THINK HIS GUIDING SPIRIT 512 00:40:33,016 --> 00:40:37,786 REMAINED A HOPE FOR PEOPLE. WHEN I LOOK AT ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 513 00:40:37,788 --> 00:40:43,058 I’M ASKING, WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO MOVE POLITICIANS WHO MAY BE 514 00:40:43,060 --> 00:40:46,797 RELUCTANT, THEY MAY NOT UNDERSTAND THE URGENCY, THEY MAY 515 00:40:46,797 --> 00:40:52,297 FEEL THEY HAVE TO BE PRAGMATIC WHEN THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR 516 00:40:52,302 --> 00:40:57,841 REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE. >> THE MORE THAN 150 YEARS THAT 517 00:40:57,841 --> 00:41:01,478 HAVE FOLLOWED HIS PRESIDENCY, EACH GENERATION HAS RE‐EXAMINED 518 00:41:01,478 --> 00:41:07,148 AND REDEFINED LINCOLN’S LEGACY. THE ROAD TO A MORE PERFECT UNION 519 00:41:07,150 --> 00:41:12,620 HAS BEEN LONG AND BLOODY. BUT LIKE LINCOLN, DESPITE THE 520 00:41:12,622 --> 00:41:19,096 TRAGEDIES THAT DERAIL US, WE ADJUST, ADAPT AND SOLDIER ON. 521 00:41:19,096 --> 00:41:24,726 AND AS LINCOLN SAID IN HIS MESSAGE TO CONGRESS IN DECEMBER 522 00:41:24,735 --> 00:41:28,338 1862, THE DOGMAS OF THE QUIET PAST ARE INADEQUATE TO THE 523 00:41:28,338 --> 00:41:32,275 STORMY PRESENT. THE OCCASION IS PILED HIGH WITH 524 00:41:32,275 --> 00:41:38,275 DIFFICULTY, AND WE MUST RISE WITH THE OCCASION. 525 00:41:38,281 --> 00:41:43,551 AS OUR CASE IS NEW, SO WE MUST THINK ANEW AND ACT ANEW. 526 00:41:43,553 --> 00:41:59,973 WE MUST DISENTHRAL OURSELVES AND THEN WE SHALL SAVE OUR COUNTRY.