1 00:00:10,930 --> 00:00:18,370 >>> PREVIOUSLY ON LINCOLN, 2 00:00:18,371 --> 00:00:21,071 DIVIDED WE STAND. >> LINCOLN IS DEALING WITH 3 00:00:21,073 --> 00:00:24,743 PERSONAL TRAGEDY AT THE SAME TIME THAT HE IS FACING MILITARY 4 00:00:24,744 --> 00:00:28,214 DEFEAT AFTER MILITARY DEFEAT. >> HE KNOWS THAT BLACK PEOPLE 5 00:00:28,214 --> 00:00:35,388 ARE HIS LAST CARD TO PLAY. LINCOLN ISSUES THE EMANCIPATION 6 00:00:35,388 --> 00:00:43,258 PROCLAMATION SAYING THAT ON JANUARY 1st, 1863 SLAVES IN SUS 7 00:00:43,262 --> 00:00:48,568 SEEDED STATES ARE NOW FREE. >> CONFEDERATES RESPOND SAYING, 8 00:00:48,568 --> 00:00:55,107 OKAY, FINE, IF WE SEE BLACK MEN CARRYING WEAPONS AGAINST US, WE 9 00:00:55,107 --> 00:01:00,807 WILL CONSIDER THAT THE NORTH’S SLAVE REBELLION. 10 00:01:00,813 --> 00:01:05,083 >> THAT MOMENT IT BECOMES A WAR TO ABOLISH SLAVERY. 11 00:01:05,084 --> 00:01:10,856 >> AND THERE OCCURS THE GREATEST BATTLE OF THE WAR AT GETTIES 12 00:01:10,856 --> 00:01:16,356 BERG ON JULY 1st, 2nd AND 3 IN 1963. 13 00:01:16,362 --> 00:01:20,766 >> PENNSYLVANIA IS AS FAR AS THE NORTH CONFEDERATE ARMY HAS EVER 14 00:01:20,766 --> 00:01:24,296 GOTTEN. IF THE UNION LOST HERE, IT 15 00:01:24,303 --> 00:01:28,273 CLEARED THE WAY FOR LEE TO CONTINUE MARCHING INTO NEW YORK. 16 00:01:28,274 --> 00:01:33,079 THEY COULD CUTOFF THE NORTHERN STATES AND NEW ENGLAND FROM THE 17 00:01:33,079 --> 00:01:35,209 MISSISSIPPI RIVER WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN A HUGE DISASTER. 18 00:01:35,214 --> 00:01:37,149 >> THE STAKES WERE EXTREMELY HIGH. 19 00:01:37,149 --> 00:01:43,819 >> A FIRST DAY ATTACK BY THE CON FEDERAL ARMY SENDS THE UNION 20 00:01:43,823 --> 00:01:47,126 ARMY FLEEING THROUGH TOWN AND THEN UP INTO THE HEIGHTS. 21 00:01:47,126 --> 00:01:51,756 AND THEN ROBERT LEE LEADS A MASSIVE CHARGE AGAINST THE OPEN 22 00:01:51,764 --> 00:01:55,134 FIELD. HE GETS CHARGED WITH UNION 23 00:01:55,134 --> 00:02:00,139 ARTILLERY RAINING DOWN ON THE CON FEDERAL SIDE. 24 00:02:00,139 --> 00:02:03,039 SO IT WAS REALLY A SLAUGHTER HOUSE. 25 00:02:03,042 --> 00:02:09,715 >> THREE DAYS OF FIGHTING, THREE DAYS OF HORRIFIC CASUALTIES IN 26 00:02:09,715 --> 00:02:15,915 WHAT BECOMES THE LARGEST BATTLE EVER FOUGHT IN THE WESTERN 27 00:02:15,921 --> 00:02:17,721 HEMISPHERE. >> YOU COULD NOT WALK FROM ONE 28 00:02:17,723 --> 00:02:21,293 END OF THE BATTLEFIELD TO THE OTHER WITHOUT STEPPING ON 29 00:02:21,293 --> 00:02:24,363 CORPSES. >> 50,000 CASUALTIES. 30 00:02:24,363 --> 00:02:27,600 AT THE END LEE HAS TO ADMIT DEFEAT. 31 00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:31,270 >> THE UNION HELD THE DAY. IT WAS MOMENTOUS. 32 00:02:31,270 --> 00:02:39,278 IT WAS DECISIVE. BUT WHAT IT WASN’T WAS WAR 33 00:02:39,278 --> 00:02:53,488 ENDING 34 00:02:53,492 --> 00:03:00,800 . >> WHEN LINCOLN SIGNS THE 35 00:03:00,800 --> 00:03:04,837 EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION, HE FREES SLAVES FROM THE UNION 36 00:03:04,837 --> 00:03:07,206 TERRITORY AND INVITES THEM TO JOIN THE ARMY. 37 00:03:07,206 --> 00:03:13,806 DESPITE THE INFLUX OF BLACK SOLDIERS, CITIES CONTINUE TO 38 00:03:13,813 --> 00:03:17,416 BURN, MEN CONTINUE TO DIE, AND THE WAR CONTINUES TO RAGE ON. 39 00:03:17,416 --> 00:03:22,616 BY THE END OF 1863, THERE ARE MORE THAN 600,000 AMERICAN 40 00:03:22,621 --> 00:03:29,261 CASUALTIES ON BOTH SIDES. >> THIS WAS THE DESTRUCTION OF 41 00:03:29,261 --> 00:03:35,601 PEOPLE ON A LARGER SCALE IN GREATER NUMBERS THAN IN ANY 42 00:03:35,601 --> 00:03:38,901 OTHER WAR IN AMERICAN CULTURE. THERE WAS NOTHING THAT HAD 43 00:03:38,904 --> 00:03:43,642 COMPARED TO THIS. AND SOLDIERS WROTE GRAPHIC 44 00:03:43,642 --> 00:03:46,178 ACCOUNTS ABOUT THE CITIES AND HOUSES ON FIRE. 45 00:03:46,178 --> 00:03:49,078 SOME OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS WERE REALLY GORY. 46 00:03:49,081 --> 00:03:56,355 >>BLOATED BODIES, HEAD HORSES PILED UP IN ROWS. 47 00:03:56,355 --> 00:04:00,155 PEOPLE FLOODING THE STREETS AND THERE IS CRYING AND PEOPLE ARE 48 00:04:00,159 --> 00:04:02,728 CREAMING. >> AMPUTEES EVERYWHERE. 49 00:04:02,728 --> 00:04:06,828 >> THEY WRITE THAT THE STENCH IS OVERWHELMING, WHETHER IT IS THE 50 00:04:06,832 --> 00:04:09,602 DEAD THAT PILE UP, THE LACK OF BATHING OPPORTUNITIES. 51 00:04:09,602 --> 00:04:14,640 AND DON’T FORGET DIARRHEA IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AT ONE 52 00:04:14,640 --> 00:04:16,375 POINT. PEOPLE DON’T UNDERSTAND YOU 53 00:04:16,375 --> 00:04:20,145 CAN’T USE A LATRINE UPSTREAM AND DRINK DOWNSTREAM. 54 00:04:20,146 --> 00:04:24,876 >> THE SOLDIERS DO NOT WRITE ABOUT THE ROMANCE OF A CAVALIER 55 00:04:24,884 --> 00:04:26,786 WAR. IT IS THE HARD AND BRUTAL 56 00:04:26,786 --> 00:04:31,316 REALITY OF UGLY DEATH. >> AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF, 57 00:04:31,323 --> 00:04:39,263 LINCOLN OFFERS COMFORT AND LIVIDITY TO EP COOKEEP UP MORAL. 58 00:04:39,265 --> 00:04:41,433 >> TERRIBLE NEWS FROM THE FRONT COMES IN. 59 00:04:41,433 --> 00:04:44,436 LINCOLN BRINGS OUT A FUNNY STUFF TO READ TO HIS CABINET. 60 00:04:44,436 --> 00:04:47,966 AND HE SAYS, GENTLEMEN, WHY DON’T YOU LAUGH? 61 00:04:47,973 --> 00:04:56,315 WITH ALL THIS STRAIN THAT IS UPON ME, IF I DID NOT LAUGH, I 62 00:04:56,315 --> 00:05:00,515 WOULD DIE. HIS DETRACTORS AT THE TIME SAID 63 00:05:00,519 --> 00:05:05,658 THOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE DIED AND HE’S MAKING 64 00:05:05,658 --> 00:05:08,158 JOKES? >> LOOKING AT LINCOLN AND SAYING 65 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:11,297 WHERE ARE MY THOUSANDS OF SONS KILLED IN BATTLE? 66 00:05:11,297 --> 00:05:16,227 AND LINCOLN, AN APE‐LIKE FIGURE SITS CONTORTED IN THE CHAIR AND 67 00:05:16,235 --> 00:05:18,370 SAYS, THIS REMINDS ME OF A LITTLE JOKE. 68 00:05:18,370 --> 00:05:22,107 IT WAS A WAY OF SAYING, HE DOESN’T CARE. 69 00:05:22,107 --> 00:05:25,677 HE’S INSENSITIVE. >> BUT I THINK THEY WERE BEING 70 00:05:25,678 --> 00:05:27,847 UNFAIR. WITH EVERYTHING HE WAS GOING 71 00:05:27,847 --> 00:05:35,287 THROUGH, IF HE DIDN’T HAVE HUMOR, IT LITERALLY PROBABLY 72 00:05:35,287 --> 00:05:38,987 WOULD HAVE CRACKED UP. >> LINCOLN BECAME THE CONSOLER 73 00:05:38,991 --> 00:05:44,830 IN CHIEF OF THE UNITED STATES. >> LINCOLN WOULD GO OFF ON HIS 74 00:05:44,830 --> 00:05:46,966 OWN. HE WOULD PERSONALLY WRITE 75 00:05:46,966 --> 00:05:50,796 LETTERS TO THE WIDOWS. HE TOOK IT REALLY SERIOUSLY. 76 00:05:50,803 --> 00:05:54,940 >> HE WROTE A LETTER TO THE DAUGHTER OF A POLITICIAN WHOM HE 77 00:05:54,940 --> 00:05:59,378 HAD KNOWN IN ILLINOIS, FANNY McCULLOUGH. 78 00:05:59,378 --> 00:06:04,116 >> THE MEMORY OF YOUR DEAR FATHER INSTEAD OF IN AGONY WILL 79 00:06:04,116 --> 00:06:09,786 YET BE A SAD, SWEET FEELING IN YOUR HEART OF A PURER AND HOLIER 80 00:06:09,788 --> 00:06:15,758 SORT THAN YOU HAD KNOWN BEFORE. >> HE WRITES ANOTHER LETTER TO 81 00:06:15,761 --> 00:06:22,301 LYDIA OF BOSTON WHO LINCOLN HEARD LOST FIVE SONS. 82 00:06:22,301 --> 00:06:26,639 >> LEAVE YOU ONLY THE CHERISHED MEMORY OF THE LOVED AND LOST AND 83 00:06:26,639 --> 00:06:31,677 THE SOLEMN PRIDE THAT MUST BE YOURS TO HAVE LAID SO COSTLY A 84 00:06:31,677 --> 00:06:35,547 SACRIFICE UPON THE ALTER OF FREEDOM. 85 00:06:35,547 --> 00:06:41,147 >> LIKE ALL TRULY REMARKABLE PEOPLE, HE WAS A SUMMARY OF HIS 86 00:06:41,153 --> 00:06:44,923 CONTRADICTIONS. >> ON THE ONE HAND, HE WAS THIS 87 00:06:44,924 --> 00:06:46,792 ENORMOUS CAPACITY FOR COMPASSION. 88 00:06:46,792 --> 00:06:51,430 ON THE OTHER, HE WAS INCREDIBLY BRUTAL, COLD, CALLOUS WAY OF 89 00:06:51,430 --> 00:06:54,730 THINKING ABOUT WAR MAKING. >> HE WAS NOT SKIDDISH ABOUT 90 00:06:54,733 --> 00:06:58,470 AUTHORIZING EVER INCREASINGLY LETHAL WEAPONS. 91 00:06:58,470 --> 00:07:02,970 LINCOLN WAS A ONE MAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BRANCH OF THE 92 00:07:02,975 --> 00:07:05,744 ARMY. >> HE STARTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF 93 00:07:05,744 --> 00:07:09,714 GATLING GUNS. HE DEVELOPED THE 19th CENTURY 94 00:07:09,715 --> 00:07:14,520 EQUIVALENT OF NAY PALM. >> THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS AS A 95 00:07:14,520 --> 00:07:17,356 GENTLEMANLY FIGHT. ALL OF A SUDDEN YOU HAVE MASS 96 00:07:17,356 --> 00:07:20,726 ARMIES EQUIPPED WITH THE WEAPONS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. 97 00:07:20,726 --> 00:07:26,156 >> THE ADVANCE OF KILLING TECHNOLOGIES COMBINED WITH THE 98 00:07:26,165 --> 00:07:31,036 NONADVANCE OF MILITARY TACTICS, COMMANDERS WERE STILL DOING 99 00:07:31,036 --> 00:07:35,166 MASKED CHARGES. THAT COMBINATION IS WHAT CREATED 100 00:07:35,174 --> 00:07:39,912 THE VAST NUMBER OF CASUALTIES. >> NOWHERE WAS THIS DEADLY 101 00:07:39,912 --> 00:07:44,650 COMBINATION MORE APPARENT THAN IN THE BATTLE OF GETTIES BERG, 102 00:07:44,650 --> 00:07:49,588 WHICH RESULTED IN 51,000 CASUALTYIES IN THREE DAYS. 103 00:07:49,588 --> 00:07:57,096 FOUR MONTHS AFTER THE MASS KA KERR, LINCOLN DELIVERS THE 104 00:07:57,096 --> 00:08:00,126 GETTYING BERG ADDRESS WHERE HE DELIVERS THE ADDRESS ON HALLOWED 105 00:08:00,132 --> 00:08:03,002 GROUND WHERE SO MANY LOST THEIR LIVES. 106 00:08:03,002 --> 00:08:06,038 THEY LOOK TO THE PRESIDENT FOR LEADERSHIP IN THE FACE OF 107 00:08:06,038 --> 00:08:20,648 TRAGEDY AND UNCERTAINTY. IN THE FALL OF 1863, THE NATION 108 00:08:20,652 --> 00:08:23,856 AT THAT TIME REALLY AT A HORRID POINT. 109 00:08:23,856 --> 00:08:27,356 THE COST OF AN ASTRO NOMINAL END. 110 00:08:27,359 --> 00:08:31,259 PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW WHY. >> FOUR SCORE AND SEVEN YEARS 111 00:08:31,263 --> 00:08:36,268 AGO, OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON THIS CONTINENT A NEW NATION, 112 00:08:36,268 --> 00:08:39,868 CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY AND DEDICATED TO THE PROPOSITION 113 00:08:39,872 --> 00:08:47,046 THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL. >> I AM SAYING THAT THE UNITED 114 00:08:47,046 --> 00:08:50,276 STATES IS ROOTED IN THIS ARGUMENT THAT ALL MEN ARE 115 00:08:50,282 --> 00:08:54,520 CREATED EQUAL AND THE UNFINISHED WORK THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE IS 116 00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:56,855 TRY TO CONTINUE TO REALIZE THAT VISION OF THE UNITED STATES. 117 00:08:56,855 --> 00:09:01,325 >> HE BASICALLY CONVEYED THIS UNITED STATES THAT ALL OF THESE 118 00:09:01,326 --> 00:09:06,896 MEN HAD DIED FOR THE UNION. SO WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT IT 119 00:09:06,899 --> 00:09:11,599 IS WORTH IT, THAT THE UNION ENDURES, THAT THE COUNTRY 120 00:09:11,603 --> 00:09:14,606 ENDURES. >> 272 WORDS. 121 00:09:14,606 --> 00:09:18,006 LINCOLN HAD JUST SPOKEN FOR TWO AND A HALF MINUTES. 122 00:09:18,010 --> 00:09:23,816 >> IT IS THE ULTIMATE MIC DROP. A VERY SHORT, PERFECT PIECE OF 123 00:09:23,816 --> 00:09:25,976 WRITING. >> IT WAS WIDELY REGARDED AS A 124 00:09:25,984 --> 00:09:30,089 MASTERPIECE. WITHIN A YEAR, IT WAS BEING AN 125 00:09:30,089 --> 00:09:34,289 THOL GUISED IN SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS AND WE HAVE BEEN LIVING IT WITH 126 00:09:34,293 --> 00:09:37,362 AS ONE OF OUR GREAT AMERICAN TEXTS EVER SINCE. 127 00:09:37,362 --> 00:09:43,032 >> THE BRAVE MEN, LIVING AND DEAD, WHO STRUGGLED HERE HAVE 128 00:09:43,035 --> 00:09:50,008 CONSECRATED IT FAR ABOVE OUR POOR POWER TO ADD OR DETRACT. 129 00:09:50,008 --> 00:09:53,038 THE WORLD WITH LITTLE NOTE WILL NOT REMEMBER WHAT WE SAY HERE, 130 00:09:53,045 --> 00:09:55,047 BUT THEY WILL NOT FORGET WHAT THEY DID HERE. 131 00:09:55,047 --> 00:09:58,417 >> AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT MAKES LINCOLN A REMARKABLE 132 00:09:58,417 --> 00:10:05,187 LEADER IS LINCOLN FINDS THE SIMPLEST RES NANT LANGUAGE WITH 133 00:10:05,190 --> 00:10:07,890 WHICH TO DEFINE WHAT WAS AT STAKE. 134 00:10:07,893 --> 00:10:12,231 >> BETWEEN THE TIME YOU WAKE UP AND GET YOUR CUP OF COFFEE, YOU 135 00:10:12,231 --> 00:10:16,568 ARE BEEN HIT WITH 900 OPINIONS ON TWITTER OR CABLE NEWS. 136 00:10:16,568 --> 00:10:19,898 WE WERE VERY FORTUNATE WHEN WE NEEDED IT MOST, WE HAD SOMEBODY 137 00:10:19,905 --> 00:10:27,279 WHO HAD THE ABILITY TO MAKE THIS HORRIBLE WAR SOMEHOW WORTHY. 138 00:10:27,279 --> 00:10:30,179 THAT MAYBE MORE THAN ANYTHING ELSE IS PART OF THE LIVING 139 00:10:30,182 --> 00:10:33,519 LEGACY OF LINCOLN. LINCOLN AS THE MAN WHO FOUND A 140 00:10:33,519 --> 00:10:40,359 WAY TO MAKE DEMOCRACY SAFE. >> WE HERE HIGHLY RESOLVE THESE 141 00:10:40,359 --> 00:10:44,696 DEAD SHALL NOT HAVE DIED IN VAIN, THAT THIS NATION UNDER GOD 142 00:10:44,696 --> 00:10:49,266 SHALL HAVE A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM, THAT THAT GOVERNMENT OF 143 00:10:49,268 --> 00:10:56,338 THE PEOPLE BY THE PEOPLE FOR THE PEOPLE SHALL NOT PER 144 00:11:06,251 --> 00:11:09,288 >>> LINCOLN DEALT WITH PASSIVE GENERALS THROUGHOUT THE WAR. 145 00:11:09,288 --> 00:11:14,426 BUT IN THE SUMMER OF 1863, HE IS DETERMINED TO CHANGE HIS 146 00:11:14,426 --> 00:11:21,766 STRATEGY. HE PUTS HIS FAITH IN WESTERN 147 00:11:21,767 --> 00:11:26,267 GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT WHO COMES UP WITH A PLAN TO SEIZE 148 00:11:26,271 --> 00:11:29,771 THE RIVER. >> GRANT UNDERTAKES A BRILLIANT, 149 00:11:29,775 --> 00:11:33,078 DANGEROUS MOVE THAT IS TAKING HIS ARMY ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI 150 00:11:33,078 --> 00:11:39,818 RIVER, MARCHING DOWN SOUTH, ATTACKING VICSBERG MISSISSIPPI 151 00:11:39,818 --> 00:11:47,488 DIRECTLY AND THEN CAPTURING IT. >> ONCE THE UNION ARMY CAPTURES 152 00:11:47,492 --> 00:11:51,530 VICS BERG, IT WAS IN UNION CONTROL AND THAT WHOLE STRETCH 153 00:11:51,530 --> 00:11:55,767 OF PLANTATION LAND NOW FROM MEMPHIS DOWN TO NEW ORLEANS, 154 00:11:55,767 --> 00:11:59,267 THAT’S HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF SLAVES THAT WERE RECRUITED INTO 155 00:11:59,271 --> 00:12:05,711 THE ARMY. >> AFTER VICSBERG, GRANT BECOMES 156 00:12:05,711 --> 00:12:11,917 A NATIONAL HERO. SO IN APRIL 1864, LINCOLN CALLS 157 00:12:11,917 --> 00:12:15,247 GRANT TO WASHINGTON AND HOSTS HIM AT A WHITE HOUSE RECEPTION, 158 00:12:15,254 --> 00:12:21,059 WHICH IS SO CROWDED THAT THE LITTLE GENERAL HAS TO BE HOISTED 159 00:12:21,059 --> 00:12:26,098 ON TO A SOFA TO STAND NEXT TO LINCOLN SO HE COULD BE SEEN IN 160 00:12:26,098 --> 00:12:30,028 THE CROWD. >> AND LINCOLN SAYS GRANT 161 00:12:30,035 --> 00:12:34,039 ACHIEVED THE BIGGEST MILITARY VICTORY IN HISTORY AND HE IS NOW 162 00:12:34,039 --> 00:12:37,175 MY MAN. >> AND OFFERS GRANT COMMAND OF 163 00:12:37,175 --> 00:12:45,975 ALL UNION FORCES EAST AND WEST. UNLIKE MEAD WHO WAITED, UNLICK 164 00:12:45,984 --> 00:12:51,923 McCLENEN WHO LEFT THE PENINSULA. HE MOVES FORWARD, CHURNING 165 00:12:51,923 --> 00:12:54,893 BATTLE AFTER BATTLE. AND LINCOLN LOVES IT. 166 00:12:54,893 --> 00:13:00,732 HE SAYS KEEP YOUR BULLDOG GRIP AND CHEW AND CHOKE UNTIL YOU 167 00:13:00,732 --> 00:13:03,368 WIN. >> GRANT HAD SOME MAGNIFICENT 168 00:13:03,368 --> 00:13:07,038 VICTORIES. BUT, STILL, THE SOUTH HAD MAJOR 169 00:13:07,039 --> 00:13:10,069 VICTORIES, ESPECIALLY IN THE WHOLE AREA OF VIRGINIA AND THE 170 00:13:10,075 --> 00:13:16,114 BORDER STATES. AND THE WAR WAS JUST DRAGGING 171 00:13:16,114 --> 00:13:22,120 ON. >> AS THE WAR RAGES INTO 1864, 172 00:13:22,120 --> 00:13:28,026 LIVES CONTINUE TO BE LOST AT AN UNPRECEDENTED RATE. 173 00:13:28,026 --> 00:13:32,126 THE WAR HAS TAKEN A SEVERE TOLL AND LINCOLN KNOWS IF HE CANNOT 174 00:13:32,130 --> 00:13:45,777 END THE FIGHTING BY NOVEMBER, HE HAS NO CHANCE FOR RE‐ELECTION. 175 00:13:45,777 --> 00:13:49,507 >> IT DOESN’T DO ANYTHING TO SHORTEN THE WAR AND NEITHER DO 176 00:13:49,514 --> 00:13:55,187 THE VICTORIES IN GETTIES BERG AND VICS BERG. 177 00:13:55,187 --> 00:14:00,726 IF ANYTHING, IT LOOKS AS IF THE WAR IS GOING THE WRONG WAY. 178 00:14:00,726 --> 00:14:09,426 AND, SO, BEFORE THE ELECTION OF 1864, LINCOLN IS LESS POPULAR 179 00:14:09,434 --> 00:14:11,937 THAN EVER. THERE IS ALSO A MISCONCEPTION 180 00:14:11,937 --> 00:14:16,107 THAT AMERICA’S HEROES WERE ALWAYS SEEN AS HEROIC. 181 00:14:16,108 --> 00:14:18,538 NOT TRUE. THERE WAS A JUMP LINCOLN 182 00:14:18,543 --> 00:14:21,613 MOVEMENT HEADING INTO HIS ELECTION. 183 00:14:21,613 --> 00:14:24,449 >> THERE WERE A LOT OF NORTHERNERS WHO THOUGHT HE WAS A 184 00:14:24,449 --> 00:14:27,586 TERRIBLE PRESIDENT. >> THERE WERE THOSE WHO 185 00:14:27,586 --> 00:14:31,416 CONDEMNED LINCOLN AS A TYRANT, AS A KING BECAUSE HE USED 186 00:14:31,423 --> 00:14:34,092 EXECUTIVE POWER UNLIKE ANY PRESIDENT BEFORE HIM. 187 00:14:34,092 --> 00:14:37,962 HE IMPRISONED PEOPLE. AND THE LINCOLN ADMINISTRATION 188 00:14:37,963 --> 00:14:43,268 CRACKED DOWN ON NEWSPAPERS, ARRESTING EDITORS, CLOSING DOWN 189 00:14:43,268 --> 00:14:49,338 NEWSPAPER OFFICES BECAUSE THEY BEGAN URGING SOLDIERS NOT TO 190 00:14:49,341 --> 00:14:52,010 REENLIST. SO FREEDOM OF SPEECH, FREEDOM OF 191 00:14:52,010 --> 00:14:56,480 THE PRESS IS AGGREGATED ON LINCOLN’S WATCH. 192 00:14:56,481 --> 00:15:03,288 MEMBERS OF HIS OWN PARTY WANT TO NOT RENOMINATE HIM. 193 00:15:03,288 --> 00:15:12,058 AND, SO, NOW THREE YEARS INTO THE WAR, IF LINCOLN IS NOT 194 00:15:12,063 --> 00:15:14,733 RE‐ELECTED, WHAT HAS BEEN THE POINT OF THE HUNDREDS OF 195 00:15:14,733 --> 00:15:19,337 THOUSANDS WHO HAVE BEEN LOST? WHAT IS THE POINT OF THIS 196 00:15:19,337 --> 00:15:21,567 STRUGGLE? >> WHILE PRESIDENT LINCOLN TOILS 197 00:15:21,573 --> 00:15:26,711 FOR WAYS TO SECURE HIS LEGACY AND ENSURE THE COUNTRY’S 198 00:15:26,711 --> 00:15:30,749 STRUGGLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOR NAUGHT, MARY LINCOLN IS ALSO 199 00:15:30,749 --> 00:15:40,019 FRANTIC ABOUT THE PROSPECT OF LEAVING THE WHITE HOUSE. 200 00:15:40,025 --> 00:15:43,628 >> SHE ACTUALLY WROTE TO FRIENDS AND SAID, I’M QUITE DESPERATE. 201 00:15:43,628 --> 00:15:47,328 AND HER DESPERATION WAS NOT OVER HAVING TO LEAVE THE WHITE HOUSE, 202 00:15:47,332 --> 00:15:50,502 BUT HAVING TO REVEAL TO HER HUSBAND, THE EXCESSIVE BILLS 203 00:15:50,502 --> 00:15:57,175 THAT SHE HAD ACQUIRED. MARY HAD BECOME VERY, VERY GRIEF 204 00:15:57,175 --> 00:16:04,715 STRICKEN AFTER WILLY’S DEATH. AND SHE WAS REALLY BEING 205 00:16:04,716 --> 00:16:07,546 NEGLECTED. SHE AND LINCOLN WERE HAVING THE 206 00:16:07,552 --> 00:16:11,422 MOST DIFFICULT OF COMMUNICATIONS. 207 00:16:11,423 --> 00:16:15,593 SHE SAW HIM GROWING CLOSER AND CLOSER TO HIS YOUNG MALE 208 00:16:15,594 --> 00:16:20,432 SECRETARIES. SHE FELT OUT OF THE CIRCLE. 209 00:16:20,432 --> 00:16:24,202 IT REALLY LED TO MARY’S ERRATIC BEHAVIOR. 210 00:16:24,202 --> 00:16:30,072 >> MARY ASSUAGES HER GRIEF WITH SHOPPING BINGES. 211 00:16:30,075 --> 00:16:35,547 BUT WITH HER HUSBAND ABSORBED IN THE WAR, ACCUMULATING DEBT GOES 212 00:16:35,547 --> 00:16:41,417 UNNOTICED. BY THE SUMMER OF 1864, SHE OWES 213 00:16:41,419 --> 00:16:43,819 TODAY’S EQUIVALENT OF NEARLY HALF A MILLION DOLLARS. 214 00:16:43,822 --> 00:16:48,527 >> IF LINCOLN IS DEFEATED FOR RE‐ELECTION, THESE BILLS WILL 215 00:16:48,527 --> 00:16:51,757 SUDDENLY BE PRESENTED AND SHE’S TERRIFIED. 216 00:16:51,763 --> 00:16:56,067 SHE EXPLAINS TO HER DRESS MAKER AND GOOD FRIEND ELIZABETH 217 00:16:56,067 --> 00:17:00,097 CHECKLY, IT IS IMPORTANT FOR ME TO DRESS PROPERLY BECAUSE THE 218 00:17:00,105 --> 00:17:03,608 PUBLIC PAYS ATTENTION TO WHAT I WEAR AND IT IS IMPORTANT FOR US 219 00:17:03,608 --> 00:17:07,378 TO BE RESPECTED. AND SHE BREAKS INTO HER TEARS. 220 00:17:07,379 --> 00:17:10,348 AND HER DRESS MAKER SAYS, WELL, DON’T YOU THINK YOUR HUSBAND 221 00:17:10,348 --> 00:17:13,718 SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THESE BILLS? OH, NO, NO. 222 00:17:13,718 --> 00:17:17,688 HE WOULD BE MORTIFIED IF HE KNEW I BEHAVED THIS WAY. 223 00:17:17,689 --> 00:17:21,359 SO IT WAS HIGH STAKES FOR HER. >> WITH LIMITED OPTIONS, MARY 224 00:17:21,359 --> 00:17:26,929 DECIDES TO MONETIZE THE ONLY ASSETS SHE HAS, INFORMATION AND 225 00:17:26,932 --> 00:17:29,601 INFLUENCE. >> SHE WAS ENGAGED IN SOMETHING 226 00:17:29,601 --> 00:17:33,038 AKIN TO EXTORTION AGAINST MEMBERS OF HER HUSBAND’S 227 00:17:33,038 --> 00:17:35,568 ADMINISTRATION WHO HAD BRIBED HER IN ORDER TO RECEIVE 228 00:17:35,574 --> 00:17:39,210 POLITICAL APPOINTMENT AT HER RECOMMENDATION. 229 00:17:39,210 --> 00:17:43,310 FOR EXAMPLE, ONE FELLOW WANTED TO HAVE A VERY LUCRATIVE 230 00:17:43,315 --> 00:17:44,849 POSITION IN NEW YORK CUSTOM HOUSE. 231 00:17:44,849 --> 00:17:50,019 AND, SO, THIS ONE FELLOW, ISAAC HENDERSON, SENDS A DIE 232 00:17:50,021 --> 00:17:54,891 MONOBROOCH TO GIVE TO A JEWELER AND SAYS GIVE THIS TO MRS. 233 00:17:54,893 --> 00:18:01,066 LINCOLN IF SHE CAN PERSUADE HER HUSBAND TO MAKE ME A HIGH 234 00:18:01,066 --> 00:18:04,696 RANKING OFFICIAL. SO SHE GOES TO HER HUSBAND AND 235 00:18:04,703 --> 00:18:09,073 SAYS, DEAR, WILL YOU POINT HIM TO THIS POSITION. 236 00:18:09,074 --> 00:18:11,209 HENDERSON TURNS OUT TO BE A CROOK. 237 00:18:11,209 --> 00:18:14,909 SHE WAS CONSTANTLY GOING TO BAT FOR STRETCHY PEOPLE WHO BRIBED 238 00:18:14,913 --> 00:18:19,383 HER AND GAVE HER PRESENTS. NOW SHE TOLD THEM THAT THEY OWED 239 00:18:19,384 --> 00:18:23,054 HER SOMETHING. AND THEN SHE PADDED PAYROLLS, 240 00:18:23,054 --> 00:18:28,627 FALSIFIED BILLS. SHE SOLD THE MILK FROM THE WHITE 241 00:18:28,627 --> 00:18:32,297 HOUSE COW. SHE ENGAGED IN ALL KINDS OF 242 00:18:32,297 --> 00:18:37,367 FINANCIAL MISDEEDS. >> I ALSO THINK THAT SHE REALLY 243 00:18:37,369 --> 00:18:41,339 IS CHARGED WITH MANY CRIMES THAT ARE A MISUNDERSTANDING OF THE 244 00:18:41,339 --> 00:18:44,776 CONTEXT OF THE PERIOD. BUT, AS A MATTER OF FACT, NO ONE 245 00:18:44,776 --> 00:18:48,876 WORKED HARDER FOR LINCOLN’S RE‐ELECTION THAN MARY LINCOLN. 246 00:18:48,880 --> 00:18:53,018 >> WHILE MARY ENTERTAINS THE PRESS, LINCOLN CONTINUES TO 247 00:18:53,018 --> 00:18:58,318 FOCUS ON THE WAR. BUT THE UNION CANNOT TURN THE 248 00:18:58,323 --> 00:19:02,363 TIDE. 249 00:19:08,099 --> 00:19:12,537 >>> DESPITE THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION, AS THE 1864 250 00:19:12,537 --> 00:19:15,507 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION APPROACHES, THE FUTURE OF 251 00:19:15,507 --> 00:19:20,945 SLAVERY REMAINS UNCERTAIN. LINCOLN IS UNDER IMMENSE 252 00:19:20,945 --> 00:19:25,515 PRESSURE FROM RADICAL ABOLITIONISTS AND MODERN YUNISTS 253 00:19:25,517 --> 00:19:30,655 TO COME UP WITH A PERMANENT SOLUTION FOR THE ISSUE THAT IS 254 00:19:30,655 --> 00:19:36,985 STILL TEARING THE COUNTRY APART. >> IN 1864, ANNY DAVIS, AN 255 00:19:36,995 --> 00:19:40,131 ENSLAVED WOMAN, SENDS A LETTER THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 256 00:19:40,131 --> 00:19:43,701 STATES AND SIMPLY SAYS, AM I FREE OR NOT? 257 00:19:43,702 --> 00:19:46,438 AND HERE WAS THE CHALLENGE. SHE’S WRITING THIS LETTER FROM 258 00:19:46,438 --> 00:19:50,338 THE EASTERN SHORE OF MARYLANDMENT ONE OF THE BOARD 259 00:19:50,341 --> 00:19:59,951 STATES TO WHICH THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION DOES NOT APPLY. 260 00:19:59,951 --> 00:20:05,621 >> YOU HAVE ABOUT 800,000 PEOPLE NOT TOUCHED BY THE EMANCIPATION 261 00:20:05,623 --> 00:20:07,726 PROCLAMATION. >> LINCOLN FREED A LOT OF 262 00:20:07,726 --> 00:20:11,326 SLAVES, BUT THE LAWS ESTABLISHING SLAVERY THE STILL 263 00:20:11,329 --> 00:20:17,869 ON THE BOOKS. >> THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 264 00:20:17,869 --> 00:20:22,607 ONLY LASTED AS LONG AS THE WAR BECAUSE IT WAS A FIT AND 265 00:20:22,607 --> 00:20:27,877 NECESSARY WAR MEASURE. ONCE THE WAR WAS OVER, IT NO 266 00:20:27,879 --> 00:20:31,379 LONGER APPLIED. BUT IT WAS CLEAR YOU COULDN’T 267 00:20:31,382 --> 00:20:36,488 REIMPOSE SLAVERY. >> ONCE THE WAR IS OVER, WHAT 268 00:20:36,488 --> 00:20:45,058 WILL HAPPEN? >> VARIOUS SOLUTIONS HAD BEEN 269 00:20:45,063 --> 00:20:49,367 PROPOSED, INCLUDING GRADUAL EMANCIPATION, COMPENSATION FOR 270 00:20:49,367 --> 00:20:52,797 SLAVE OWNERS AND COLONIZATION INITIATIVES. 271 00:20:52,804 --> 00:20:57,709 BUT MANY NORTHERNERS PUSHED FOR A RETURN TO THE PRE‐WAR STATUS 272 00:20:57,709 --> 00:21:01,146 QUO. >> A LOT OF PEOPLE BLAMED THE 273 00:21:01,146 --> 00:21:02,876 EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION FOR PROLONGING THE WAR. 274 00:21:02,881 --> 00:21:07,018 SOME REPUBLICANS CAME TO LINCOLN AND SAID, YOU ARE GOING TO LOSE 275 00:21:07,018 --> 00:21:09,618 RE‐ELECTION HERE. WHY DON’T YOU ISSUE A STATEMENT 276 00:21:09,621 --> 00:21:14,191 SAYING IF THE SOUTH IS WILLING TO GIVE UP AND COME BACK, WE’LL 277 00:21:14,192 --> 00:21:18,262 FORGET ABOUT THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION AND ACCEPT REUNION. 278 00:21:18,263 --> 00:21:23,468 >> LINCOLN KNEW HE HAD TO HOLD TOGETHER A VERY SHAKY COALITION 279 00:21:23,468 --> 00:21:27,968 OF MANY, MANY PEOPLE IN THE UNION WHO DID NOT WANT HIM TO 280 00:21:27,972 --> 00:21:33,378 ACT AGAINST SLAVERY AND WHO WERE TREMENDOUSLY ANXIOUS ABOUT THE 281 00:21:33,378 --> 00:21:36,978 PROBLEM OF RACE, AS LINCOLN HIMSELF WAS. 282 00:21:36,981 --> 00:21:40,885 BUT HE’S INCREASINGLY FACING PRESSURE FROM THE RADICAL 283 00:21:40,885 --> 00:21:45,555 REPUBLICANS AND THE ABOLITIONISTS IN HIS OWN PARTY 284 00:21:45,557 --> 00:21:48,757 AS WELL. >> LINCOLN WAS CAUGHT BETWEEN 285 00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:52,360 RADICALS AND REACTIONARIES. REACTIONARIES SAID HE WAS MOVING 286 00:21:52,363 --> 00:21:55,733 TOO FAST. BUT A LOT OF FOLKS ON THE 287 00:21:55,733 --> 00:21:59,270 RADICAL SIDE THOUGHT HE WAS TOO SLOW. 288 00:21:59,270 --> 00:22:04,576 THE 13th AMENDMENT ORIGINATED NOT WITH LINCOLN BUT WITH 289 00:22:04,576 --> 00:22:07,236 ABOLITIONISTS. IT WAS THE WOMEN’S NATIONAL 290 00:22:07,245 --> 00:22:16,321 LOYAL LEAGUE HEADED BY ELIZABETH KEDDY AND SUSAN B. ANTHONY THAT 291 00:22:16,321 --> 00:22:19,290 LAUNCHED A CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ENDING SLAVERY. 292 00:22:19,290 --> 00:22:26,660 >> THE WOMEN’S NATIONAL LOYAL LEAGUE GATHERED A STAGGERING 293 00:22:26,664 --> 00:22:30,668 400,000 SIGNATURES TO BRING FORTH AN AMENDMENT THAT WOULD 294 00:22:30,668 --> 00:22:32,937 ABOLISH SLAVERY IN THE U. S. FOREVER. 295 00:22:32,937 --> 00:22:39,377 >> BUT LINCOLN WAS NOT VERY INVOLVED IN THE INITIAL ASPECTS 296 00:22:39,377 --> 00:22:42,647 OF THAT CAMPAIGN BECAUSE LINCOLN WAS CONCERNED HE WAS GOING TO 297 00:22:42,647 --> 00:22:46,677 LOSE THE ELECTION. >> BY THE SUMMER, THE 13th 298 00:22:46,684 --> 00:22:49,621 AMENDMENT HAS PASSED IN THE SENATE BUT NOT IN THE HOUSE. 299 00:22:49,621 --> 00:22:54,125 HOWEVER, LINCOLN REMAINS POLITICALLY CAUTIOUS AND REFEUDS 300 00:22:54,125 --> 00:22:58,655 TO ALIENATE IS MODERATE BASE OF HIS PARTY BY PUBLICALLY 301 00:22:58,663 --> 00:23:02,267 SUPPORTING UNIVERSAL ABOLITION. >> SO AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GET 302 00:23:02,267 --> 00:23:06,537 THE REPUBLICAN NOMINATION IN 1864, THE RADICAL REPUBLICANS 303 00:23:06,537 --> 00:23:13,837 PUT FORWARD JOHN C. FREE MONTH ON A PLATFORM OF CONSTITUTIONAL 304 00:23:13,845 --> 00:23:18,816 AMENDMENT TO ABOLISH SLAVERY. THEY WANTED TO PUSH LINCOLN. 305 00:23:18,816 --> 00:23:21,146 >> HE RECOGNIZED THAT NORTHERNERS GENERALLY SUPPORT 306 00:23:21,152 --> 00:23:25,790 THIS IDEA OF A CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO PROTECT BLACK 307 00:23:25,790 --> 00:23:28,426 FREEDOM. AND, SO, LINCOLN COMES TO 308 00:23:28,426 --> 00:23:31,956 EMBRACE THE 13th AMENDMENT BECAUSE HE KNOWS IT WILL BE 309 00:23:31,963 --> 00:23:40,038 POLITICALLY SIGNIFICANT AS HE IS FACING A TOUGH RE‐ELECTION 310 00:23:40,038 --> 00:23:41,968 CAMPAIGN. >> OF COURSE LINCOLN IS 311 00:23:41,973 --> 00:23:45,343 RENOMINATED AND THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM NOW CALLS FOR A 312 00:23:45,343 --> 00:23:50,313 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ENDING SLAVERY. 313 00:23:50,315 --> 00:23:54,152 IT IS A FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT ON HOW THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY IS GOING TO 314 00:23:54,152 --> 00:23:58,056 BE RESOLVED. >> LINCOLN WASN’T THE AUTHOR OF 315 00:23:58,056 --> 00:24:00,786 THE ABOLITION MOVEMENT. HE WAS THE TARGET OF THE 316 00:24:00,792 --> 00:24:03,127 ABOLITION MOVEMENT. >> OUR HISTORY IN THE UNITED 317 00:24:03,127 --> 00:24:06,997 STATES HAS BEEN DOMINATED BY HISTORY OF GREAT MEN WHO ARE 318 00:24:06,998 --> 00:24:10,868 THOUGHT TO HAVE CHANGED HISTORY ALMOST BY THEMSELVES. 319 00:24:10,868 --> 00:24:14,338 BUT WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED IS THAT LINCOLN OVER TIME WAS 320 00:24:14,339 --> 00:24:18,676 CONVINCED BY OTHER PEOPLE WHO WERE MORE RADICAL THAN HIM. 321 00:24:18,676 --> 00:24:25,946 IT WAS PEOPLE WHO THE LEFT OF LINCOLN HAD THE VISION THAT MOST 322 00:24:25,950 --> 00:24:28,286 CLOSELY ASCRIBES WHO WHAT WE BELIEVE AS RIGHTS TO SAY. 323 00:24:28,286 --> 00:24:32,056 I SAY THAT TO TRY TO ACCURATELY REFLECT HOW CHANGES HAPPENS. 324 00:24:32,056 --> 00:24:35,786 >> WE THINK ABOUT PRESIDENTS AS IF THEY ARE WEATHER MAKERS. 325 00:24:35,793 --> 00:24:40,298 BUT THEY DON’T CREATE HISTORY. THEY SURF HISTORY. 326 00:24:40,298 --> 00:24:44,435 HE’S DRUG TO THEM BY EVENTS AS HE TRIES TO SURF THE WAVES. 327 00:24:44,435 --> 00:24:47,505 AND IT SHOWS THAT PEOPLE CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE WHETHER YOU 328 00:24:47,505 --> 00:24:52,105 ARE IN OFFICE OR NOT. >> NOW THAT LINCOLN IS BEING 329 00:24:52,110 --> 00:24:56,010 NOMINATED, THE REPUBLICAN PARTY OFFICIALLY ADOPTS UNIVERSAL 330 00:24:56,014 --> 00:25:01,819 ABOLITION AS ITS PLATFORM. AFTER DECADES OF MODERATE AND 331 00:25:01,819 --> 00:25:07,089 CONCILIATORY EFFORT ON SLAVERY, LINCOLN BECOMES A FULL‐FLEDGED 332 00:25:07,091 --> 00:25:09,827 ABOLITIONIST. >> ONCE HE GOES ALL IN IN 333 00:25:09,827 --> 00:25:13,457 SUPPORT OF THE 13th AMENDMENT, THERE IS A COMMITMENT. 334 00:25:13,464 --> 00:25:20,471 AND HE GETS BOLDER WITH TIME, GOING INTO THE 1864 ELECTION HE 335 00:25:20,471 --> 00:25:23,341 GROWS INTO HIS POLITICAL BELIEFS AS AN ABOLITIONIST. 336 00:25:23,341 --> 00:25:28,911 >> HE HAD SEEN WHAT BLACK MEN HAD DONE TO HELP PRESERVE THE 337 00:25:28,913 --> 00:25:31,816 UNION. AND LINCOLN UNDERSTOOD THAT THE 338 00:25:31,816 --> 00:25:35,646 NATION OWED A DEBT OF GRATITUDE TO THESE MEN. 339 00:25:35,653 --> 00:25:41,526 HE REALIZED THAT HE HAD TO GET RID OF SLAVERY IF YOU WERE GOING 340 00:25:41,526 --> 00:25:43,086 TO ENSURE THAT NONE OF THIS HAPPENED AGAIN. 341 00:25:43,094 --> 00:25:47,532 >> THE AMENDMENT FAILS TO PASS IN THE HOUSE, AND ITS FUTURE 342 00:25:47,532 --> 00:25:53,738 HINGES ON THE RESULT OF THE UPCOMING ELECTION. 343 00:25:53,738 --> 00:25:59,238 RUNNING AGAINST LINCOLN ON THE DEMOCRATIC CRITIC IS HIS 344 00:25:59,243 --> 00:26:02,013 ADVERSARY. >> GEORGE McCLENEN IS NOT 345 00:26:02,013 --> 00:26:05,583 NECESSARILY IMMUNE TO THOUGHTS OF HAVING ONE SLAVE COUNTRY AND 346 00:26:05,583 --> 00:26:09,253 ONE FREE COUNTRY. HE WOULD HAVE CANCELED THE 347 00:26:09,253 --> 00:26:14,425 EMANCIPATION AND SEEN IF WE RESTORED THE STATUS QUO WITH 348 00:26:14,425 --> 00:26:17,125 STATUS IN THE SOUTH PERMANENTLY PROTECTED. 349 00:26:17,128 --> 00:26:20,528 AFTER EVERYTHING THAT’S HAPPENED, WOULD LINCOLN HIKE THE 350 00:26:20,531 --> 00:26:26,601 DECISION TO MADE BY SOMEONE ELSE ON THE FUTURE OF THIS COMPANY, 351 00:26:26,604 --> 00:26:27,872 ON THE FUTURE OF SLAVERY? NO. 352 00:26:27,872 --> 00:26:32,110 >> ULTIMATELY, LINCOLN’S POSITION ON UNIVERSAL ABOLITION 353 00:26:32,110 --> 00:26:36,480 IS IRRELEVANT IF HE CANNOT TURN THE WAR AROUND BY NOVEMBER. 354 00:26:36,481 --> 00:26:41,651 HE WILL LOSE THE ELECTION AND ALL HOPE FOR A UNITED FREE 355 00:26:53,764 --> 00:26:58,803 >>> DURING THE SUMMER BEFORE THE 1864 ELECTION, THE UNION ARMY 356 00:26:58,803 --> 00:27:04,609 SUFFERS DEVASTATING DEFEATS. NEARLY 65,000 UNION SOLDIERS ARE 357 00:27:04,609 --> 00:27:08,679 LOST IN JUST THESE THREE MONTHS ALONE. 358 00:27:08,679 --> 00:27:14,919 LINCOLN IS SURE THIS CRUSHES ANY HOPE OF RE‐ELECTION. 359 00:27:14,919 --> 00:27:18,819 >> HE THOUGHT OUT WHAT WOULD HAPPEN WITH HIS DEFEAT, AND HE 360 00:27:18,823 --> 00:27:23,493 WROTE A LETTER LAYING OUT HOW HE WOULD FIGHT DURING THE 361 00:27:23,494 --> 00:27:29,400 TRANSITION TO WIN THE WAR. HE FOLDED THE LETTER UP. 362 00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:34,338 HE GLUED IT. AND HE ASKED EVERY CABINET 363 00:27:34,338 --> 00:27:39,377 SECRETARY TO SIGN ON TO THE LETTER WITHOUT KNOWING ITS 364 00:27:39,377 --> 00:27:45,347 CONTENT. BUT THEN BEFORE 1864, HIS MANY 365 00:27:45,349 --> 00:27:50,419 VICTORIES IN THE VALLEY, FAR GOT IS WINNING BATTLES IN MOBILE 366 00:27:50,421 --> 00:28:00,598 BAY, SHERMAN HAS CAPTURED ATLANTA, THE TIDE HAS TURNED. 367 00:28:00,598 --> 00:28:04,598 >> DESPITE THE MILITARY WINS, ON THE EVENING OF THE 1864 368 00:28:04,602 --> 00:28:07,302 ELECTION, LINCOLN IS FRAUGHT WITH WORRY. 369 00:28:07,305 --> 00:28:12,276 BUT AS THE NUMBERS COME IN, STATE BY STATE IT BECOMES CLEAR 370 00:28:12,276 --> 00:28:15,876 THAT SHERMAN’S VICTORY HAD SECURED THE COUNTRY’S FAITH IN 371 00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:24,589 LINCOLN’S PRESIDENCY. >> AND, SO, AGAINST THE ODDS, 372 00:28:24,589 --> 00:28:29,026 AGAINST EXPECTATIONS BY LINCOLN HIMSELF AND MEMBERS OF HIS OWN 373 00:28:29,026 --> 00:28:34,565 CABINET, LINCOLN WINS RE‐ELECTION. 374 00:28:34,565 --> 00:28:39,995 IT IS A TRIUMPHANT VICTORY. HE WINS WITH A GREATER MARGIN 375 00:28:40,004 --> 00:28:44,342 THAN HE HAD WON FOUR YEARS BEFORE. 376 00:28:44,342 --> 00:28:49,312 HE’S PULLED OFF THE ENORMOUS GAMBLE OF CONDUCTING AN ELECTION 377 00:28:49,313 --> 00:29:03,361 DURING A CIVIL WAR. >> NOW THAT HIS PRESIDENCY IS 378 00:29:03,361 --> 00:29:07,198 SECURED FOR THE NEXT FOUR YEARS, LINCOLN IS DETERMINED TO PUSH 379 00:29:07,198 --> 00:29:10,798 THE 13th AMENDMENT THROUGH THE HOUSE BEFORE THE END OF THE WAR. 380 00:29:10,801 --> 00:29:15,271 HIS ADVISERS URGE HIM TO BE PATIENT AND TO WAIT FOR THE NEW 381 00:29:15,273 --> 00:29:18,309 REPUBLICAN CONGRESS TO BE SWORN IN. 382 00:29:18,309 --> 00:29:23,279 BUT LINCOLN REFUSES. HE GETS TO WORK SECURING THE 112 383 00:29:23,281 --> 00:29:27,318 VOTES NEEDED TO PASS THE AMENDMENT. 384 00:29:27,318 --> 00:29:34,418 >> HE WANTS THIS DONE. >> LINCOLN KNOWS THAT ONCE THE 385 00:29:34,425 --> 00:29:40,197 WAR IS ENDED, THERE MIGHT NOT BE ENOUGH POLITICAL WILL TO FOLLOW 386 00:29:40,197 --> 00:29:44,597 THROUGH WITH THE END OF SLAVERY. >> SO HE IS PULLING EVERY TRICK 387 00:29:44,602 --> 00:29:49,440 OUT OF THE BOOK, EVERY FAVOR HE CAN MUSTER TO GET CONGRESS TO 388 00:29:49,440 --> 00:29:56,580 PASS THIS LEGISLATION QUICKLY. >> LINCOLN USES A LOT OF 389 00:29:56,580 --> 00:30:04,855 INFLUENCE TO TRY TO GET VOTES. PARTICULARLY FROM BORDER STATE 390 00:30:04,855 --> 00:30:11,925 DEMOCRAT, NORTHERN DEMOCRATS WHEN HE’S BEEN REPEATED FOR 391 00:30:11,929 --> 00:30:14,965 RE‐ELECTION BECAUSE THEY WOULDN’T VOTE FOR IT EVEN IF 392 00:30:14,965 --> 00:30:17,025 THEY VOTED AGAINST IT THE LAST TIME AROUND. 393 00:30:17,034 --> 00:30:22,139 >> IT IS A MONUMENTAL EFFORT OF POLITICAL PERSUASION. 394 00:30:22,139 --> 00:30:24,169 LINCOLN IS NOT ABOVE TWISTING ARMS. 395 00:30:24,175 --> 00:30:27,912 >> HE PROMISED THEM OFFICES. HE PROMISED THEIR RELATIVES 396 00:30:27,912 --> 00:30:29,480 OFFICES. THERE IS SOME PEOPLE WHO SAY 397 00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:35,586 THERE WAS ILLEGAL BRIBERY GOING ON. 398 00:30:35,586 --> 00:30:44,026 >> AND IN JANUARY, 1865, THE AMENDMENT PASSED. 399 00:30:44,028 --> 00:30:52,036 IT HAD TO BE RATIFIED. THE AFRICAN‐AMERICAN POPULATION 400 00:30:52,036 --> 00:30:56,166 WAS HENCE FORWARD FREE. >> THE 13th AMENDMENT PASSES BY 401 00:30:56,173 --> 00:31:03,080 A VOTE OF 119‐56. >>ED THAT USE STEVENS, THE GREAT 402 00:31:03,080 --> 00:31:06,217 RADICAL REPUBLICAN SAID THIS GREAT ACT WAS PASSED BY THE 403 00:31:06,217 --> 00:31:13,857 LOWEST MEANS POSSIBLE BY THE MOST HONEST MAN IN AMERICA. 404 00:31:13,858 --> 00:31:20,228 ( HIS ROLE SHOWS A REMARKABLE CHANGE OVER THE COURSE OF 405 00:31:20,231 --> 00:31:26,101 LINCOLN’S CAREER. >> YOU COULD SEE THAT HIS THINK 406 00:31:26,103 --> 00:31:30,141 THINKING WAS CHANGING. LINCOLN HAD EXPERIENCES THAT LED 407 00:31:30,141 --> 00:31:33,010 HUM TO SEE THE WORLD DIFFERENTLY. 408 00:31:33,010 --> 00:31:38,849 LINCOLN WAS INTELLIGENT. HE WAS PRAGMATIC, AND HE DID 409 00:31:38,849 --> 00:31:40,618 EVOLVE. IT IS NOT A CRITICISM OF HIM TO 410 00:31:40,618 --> 00:31:44,588 SAY HE EVOLVED. IT WOULD BE A CRITICISM TO SAY 411 00:31:44,588 --> 00:31:50,388 HE WAS A MAN WHO NEVER CHANGED HIS MIND, NEVER LEARNED 412 00:31:50,394 --> 00:31:52,163 ANYTHING. >> WITH A STRING OF UNION 413 00:31:52,163 --> 00:31:55,866 VICTORIES AND THE PASSING OF THE 13th AMENDMENT, IT IS CLEAR THAT 414 00:31:55,866 --> 00:32:00,036 THE WAR IS ALMOST OVER AND THAT A FREE AMERICA IS ON THE 415 00:32:00,037 --> 00:32:02,306 HORIZON. AFTER A FIRST TERM PLAGUED WITH 416 00:32:02,306 --> 00:32:05,306 TURMOIL AND TRAGEDY, AN EXHAUSTED LINCOLN IS FINALLY 417 00:32:05,309 --> 00:32:09,779 ABLE TO LOOK FORWARD 418 00:32:22,226 --> 00:32:26,796 >>> ON SATURDAY MARCH 4th, 1865 THOUSANDS OF SPECTATORS BRAVED 419 00:32:26,797 --> 00:32:30,967 THE RAIN TO STAND AT THE FOOT AT THE NEWLY COMPLETED CAPITOL DOME 420 00:32:30,968 --> 00:32:34,098 TO HEAR THE PRESIDENT DELIVER HIS SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 421 00:32:34,104 --> 00:32:36,507 >> IT IS THE FIRST INTEGRATED CROWD. 422 00:32:36,507 --> 00:32:40,837 IT IS THE FIRST TIME THAT BLACK SOLDIERS ARE INTERMINGLING WITH 423 00:32:40,845 --> 00:32:43,581 THEIR FAMILIES IN UNIFORM WITH WHITE SOLDIERS. 424 00:32:43,581 --> 00:32:49,551 IT’S BEEN RAINING, AND LITERALLY AS HE SPEAKS THE CLOUDS PART AND 425 00:32:49,553 --> 00:32:54,291 THE SUNLIGHT SHINES DOWN, AND HE GIVES WHAT IS ACKNOWLEDGED AS 426 00:32:54,291 --> 00:32:56,991 THE GREATEST INAUGURAL SPEECH OF ALL TIME. 427 00:32:56,994 --> 00:33:02,600 >> BOTH PARTIES DEPRY KATED WAR, BUT ONE OF THEM WOULD MAKE WAR 428 00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:07,137 RATHER THAN LET THE NATION SURVIVE AND THE OTHER WOULD 429 00:33:07,137 --> 00:33:09,867 ACCEPT WAR RATHER THAN LET IT PERISH. 430 00:33:09,874 --> 00:33:13,143 AND THE WAR CAME. >> ONE OF THE MOST PROFOUND 431 00:33:13,143 --> 00:33:17,448 THINGS ABOUT THE SECOND INAUGURAL IS LINCOLN’S EMBRACE 432 00:33:17,448 --> 00:33:20,317 OF THE IDEA OF LETRY BUTTIVE JUSTICE. 433 00:33:20,317 --> 00:33:24,317 >> HE TALKS ABOUT THE SUFFERING THAT AMERICA IS UNDERGOING AS 434 00:33:24,321 --> 00:33:27,491 BEING THE PRICE WE PAID FOR SLAVERY, NORTH AND SOUTH. 435 00:33:27,491 --> 00:33:31,261 >> HE SAYS ALL OF US HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN THIS TERRIBLE CRIME 436 00:33:31,262 --> 00:33:34,562 OF SLAVERY, AND THIS WAR IS A JUDGMENT ON THE ENTIRE NATION 437 00:33:34,565 --> 00:33:40,204 FOR ITS COMPLICITY. >> YET, IF GOD WILLS THAT IT 438 00:33:40,204 --> 00:33:45,576 CONTINUE UNTIL ALL THE WEALTH PILED BY THE BONDS MEN’S 250 439 00:33:45,576 --> 00:33:51,376 YEARS OF UNREQUITED TOIL SHALL BE SUNK AND UNTIL EVERY DROP OF 440 00:33:51,382 --> 00:33:58,222 BLOOD DRAWN WITH A LASH SHALL BE PAID FOR ANOTHER DRAWN WITH THE 441 00:33:58,222 --> 00:33:59,256 SWORD SWORD. 442 00:33:59,256 --> 00:34:03,986 >> HE BALANCES THE BLOOD DRAWN BY THE SWORD, THE TERRIBLE DEATH 443 00:34:03,994 --> 00:34:08,332 IN THE CIVIL WAR, WITH THE BLOOD DRAWN BY THE LASH, THE VIOLENCE 444 00:34:08,332 --> 00:34:12,770 OF SLAVERY. HE’S TELLING PEOPLE, DON’T 445 00:34:12,770 --> 00:34:18,809 FORGET VIOLENCE DIDN’T BEGIN IN 1861 IN THIS COUNTRY. 446 00:34:18,809 --> 00:34:24,409 VIOLENCE BEGAN 250 YEARS AGO WHEN THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY 447 00:34:24,415 --> 00:34:27,751 WAS CREATED. >> THE WAR REPRESENTS THE 448 00:34:27,751 --> 00:34:33,921 CONSEQUENCES OF SLAVERY FOR THIS NATION. 449 00:34:33,924 --> 00:34:38,629 >> AND ONLY IN THE LAST PHOTOGRAPH DOES HE PIVOT TOWARDS 450 00:34:38,629 --> 00:34:41,029 RECONCILIATION AND REUNIFICATION. 451 00:34:41,031 --> 00:34:47,571 >> WITH MALL LAS TOWARD NONE, WITH CHARITY FOR ALL, WITH 452 00:34:47,571 --> 00:34:50,708 FIRMNESS IN THE RIGHT AS GOD GIVES US TO SEE THE RIGHT, LET 453 00:34:50,708 --> 00:34:54,608 US STRIVE TO FINISH THE WORK WE ARE IN, TO BIND UP THE NATION’S 454 00:34:54,612 --> 00:34:58,649 WOUNDS, TO CARE FOR HIM WHO SHALL HAVE BORN THE BATTLE AND 455 00:34:58,649 --> 00:35:05,456 FOR HIS WIDOW AND HIS OR FAN TO DO ALL WHICH MAY ACHIEVE AND 456 00:35:05,456 --> 00:35:11,656 CHERISH A JUST AND LASTING PEACE AMONG OURSELVES AND WITH ALL 457 00:35:11,662 --> 00:35:17,901 NATIONS. >> THAT LAST PHOTOGRAPH ISARAGRA 458 00:35:17,901 --> 00:35:22,206 THE MOST IMPORTANT PARAGRAPHS IN POLITICS TODAY. 459 00:35:22,206 --> 00:35:26,106 WHAT LINCOLN IS SAYING IS, WE HAVE AN OBLIGATION TO STOP THE 460 00:35:26,110 --> 00:35:30,010 CYCLE OF VIOLENCE BECAUSE THERE ARE A LOT OF FOLKS IN HIS OWN 461 00:35:30,014 --> 00:35:33,183 POLITICAL PARTY WHO ARE HELL BENT AGAINST VENN GENG ON THE 462 00:35:33,183 --> 00:35:35,519 SOUTH. THEY WANT TO RIP THE ROOTS OF 463 00:35:35,519 --> 00:35:38,088 SOUTHERN SOCIETY OUT. LINCOLN WANTS TO WIN THE PEACE 464 00:35:38,088 --> 00:35:41,588 AS WELL AS WIN THE WAR. THAT SETS THE STAGE FOR THE NEXT 465 00:35:41,592 --> 00:35:54,702 FIVE WEEKS OF HIS LIFE. >> FED RICK DOUGLAS WENT OFF TO 466 00:35:54,705 --> 00:35:59,543 THE WHITE HOUSE RECEPTION THAT FOLLOWED THE INAUGURATION. 467 00:35:59,543 --> 00:36:05,115 AND LINCOLN SEES HIM, AND HE CALLS OUT FOR EVERYONE TO HEAR. 468 00:36:05,115 --> 00:36:09,785 THERE IS MY FRIEND, DOUGLAS. DOUGLAS, I AM GLAD TO SEE YOU. 469 00:36:09,787 --> 00:36:13,657 >> AND LINCOLN WELCOMES HIM RIGHT IN AND GOES, THIS IS THE 470 00:36:13,657 --> 00:36:16,287 PERSON WHOSE OPINION I VALUE MORE THAN ANYONE ELSE. 471 00:36:16,293 --> 00:36:19,196 JUST THINK ABOUT WHAT IT MEANS TO HAVE BEEN ENSLAVED AND THEN 472 00:36:19,196 --> 00:36:22,596 TO HAVE THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES WELCOME YOU IN. 473 00:36:22,599 --> 00:36:25,936 THAT HAS TO BE A PROFOUND EXPERIENCE. 474 00:36:25,936 --> 00:36:30,206 AND THEN LINCOLN SAYS, WHAT DID YOU THINK OF THE SPEECH. 475 00:36:30,207 --> 00:36:33,507 AND FREDERICK DOUGLAS SAYS, IT WAS A SACRED EFFORT. 476 00:36:33,510 --> 00:36:35,579 HE WASN’T JUST RESPONDING TO THE WORDS. 477 00:36:35,579 --> 00:36:38,916 LINCOLN HAS CONDEMNED SLAVERY MORALLY BEFORE. 478 00:36:38,916 --> 00:36:42,946 BUT NOW WHEN HE SAYS SLAVERY IS WRONG, HE’S SAYING IT HAVING 479 00:36:42,953 --> 00:36:47,191 SIGNED THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION AND THE 13th 480 00:36:47,191 --> 00:36:49,391 AMENDMENT, REALLY COMMITTED IN A NEW WAY. 481 00:36:49,393 --> 00:36:56,873 THE SPEECH WITHOUT THOSE OTHER ACTIONS WOULD NOT HAVE 482 00:37:08,879 --> 00:37:13,979 >>> UP TO FOUR YEARS OF DEVASTATING CIVIL WAR, YOU LIS 483 00:37:13,984 --> 00:37:18,622 CEASE S. GRANTS CUTS A SUPPLY LINE TO THE CAPITOL. 484 00:37:18,622 --> 00:37:27,998 GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE HAS NO CHOICE BUT TO ABANDON RICHMOND. 485 00:37:27,998 --> 00:37:34,598 >> RICHMOND WILL FALL ON APRIL 2nd OF 1865. 486 00:37:34,605 --> 00:37:38,709 LEE SENDS A LETTER THAT HE’S GOING TO RETREAT, THAT THEY NEED 487 00:37:38,709 --> 00:37:44,848 TO EVACUATE THE CITY. CONFEDERATES ACTUALLY SET THEIR 488 00:37:44,848 --> 00:37:48,618 CAPITOL CITY ON FIRE IN AN ATTEMPT TO PREVENT THE UNITED 489 00:37:48,619 --> 00:37:51,488 STATES ARMY TO GET HOLD OF THEIR KEY SUPPLIES. 490 00:37:51,488 --> 00:37:58,996 >> SO LINCOLN DECIDES HE’S GOING TO GO TO RICHMOND WITH HIS SON 491 00:37:58,996 --> 00:38:02,326 TAD ON HIS SON TAD’S 12th BIRTHDAY. 492 00:38:02,332 --> 00:38:07,938 >> QUITE A BIRTHDAY PRESENT. >> WITH HIS YOUNGEST SON BY HIS 493 00:38:07,938 --> 00:38:13,777 SIDE, LINCOLN MAKES HIS WAY TO THE FALLEN ENEMY CAPITOL. 494 00:38:13,777 --> 00:38:19,547 NOW SOLDIERS AND IN RUINS. >> THEY ARE BASICALLY 495 00:38:19,550 --> 00:38:21,418 UNACCOMPANIED. A TRIP THAT WOULD NEVER BE 496 00:38:21,418 --> 00:38:24,788 OKAYED BY THE SECRET SERVICE TODAY. 497 00:38:24,788 --> 00:38:30,227 AND THEY BEGIN TO WALK UP INTO THE CITY, WHICH HAS BEEN 498 00:38:30,227 --> 00:38:33,857 DEDICATED TO HIS DESTRUCTION AND THE DESTRUCTION OF THE UNION FOR 499 00:38:33,864 --> 00:38:36,934 FOUR YEARS. THE SLAVE MARKETS ARE BURNS ON 500 00:38:36,934 --> 00:38:40,938 THE RIGHT SIDE AS HE HOLDS TAD’S HANDS ON THE LEFT. 501 00:38:40,938 --> 00:38:45,275 >> HE’S RECOGNIZED RIGHT AWAY. A VERY DISTINCTIVE LOOKING MAN, 502 00:38:45,275 --> 00:38:46,905 OBVIOUSLY. THE BLACK COMMUNITY KNOWS WHAT 503 00:38:46,910 --> 00:38:48,610 HIS PRESENCE MEANS. THEY ARE FREE. 504 00:38:48,612 --> 00:38:54,182 THIS IS EMANCIPATION DAY. AND THEY FLOOD THE STREETS. 505 00:38:54,184 --> 00:38:59,890 >> AND THEY RACED UP TO HIM, SOME KNELT TO HIM, PRAYING, 506 00:38:59,890 --> 00:39:04,027 CRYING, TUGGING AT HIS COAT, AND HE SAID, PLEASE DO NOT KNEEL TO 507 00:39:04,027 --> 00:39:06,357 ME. YOU MUST KNEEL ONLY TO GOD AND 508 00:39:06,363 --> 00:39:12,002 THANK HIM FOR YOUR FREEDOM. AND THAT WAS THE DAY ABRAHAM 509 00:39:12,002 --> 00:39:17,140 LINCOLN SAW FOR HIMSELF THE IMPACT OF HIS PRESIDENCY AND THE 510 00:39:17,140 --> 00:39:19,240 PROCLAMATION ON REAL HUMAN BEINGS. 511 00:39:19,243 --> 00:39:23,447 >> LINCOLN IS GIVEN A CAPTURED CONFEDERATE FLAG, AND HE GIVES 512 00:39:23,447 --> 00:39:28,947 IT TO HIS SON TAD AS A BIRTHDAY PRESENT TO REMIND HIM, THIS IS 513 00:39:28,952 --> 00:39:47,371 WHAT WE DID BY DOING RIGHT. >> ONE WEEK AFTER ROBERT E. 514 00:39:47,371 --> 00:39:54,311 LEE’S RETREAT, GRANT’S BAAAL ONINTERCEPTS HIS ARMY IN 515 00:39:54,311 --> 00:40:00,150 VIRGINIA. LEE HAS NO CHOICE BUT TO ACCEPT 516 00:40:00,150 --> 00:40:01,250 DEFEAT DEFEAT. 517 00:40:01,251 --> 00:40:05,589 >> GRANT OFFERS A VERY GENEROUS AND MAGNANIMOUS SET OF PEACE 518 00:40:05,589 --> 00:40:07,919 TERMS. THE SOLDIERS WILL BE PARDONED. 519 00:40:07,925 --> 00:40:11,261 >> GRANT SAYS YOU HAVE TO SURRENDER YOUR WEAPONS, BUT 520 00:40:11,261 --> 00:40:14,298 WE’LL ALLOW ALL OF YOUR MEN TO TAKE THEIR SOURCES. 521 00:40:14,298 --> 00:40:18,098 WE’LL GIVE YOU PROVISIONS. AND THEN YOU JUST GO HOME. 522 00:40:18,101 --> 00:40:21,038 >> RADICAL REPUBLICANS LOST THEIR MINDS. 523 00:40:21,038 --> 00:40:23,768 THEY THOUGHT WE SHOULD CONFISCATE THEIR LANDS. 524 00:40:23,774 --> 00:40:26,743 WE SHOULD CONFISCATE THEIR ESTATES. 525 00:40:26,743 --> 00:40:29,880 WE SHOULD MAKE IT SO THAT THE SOUTH NEVER RISES AGAIN. 526 00:40:29,880 --> 00:40:33,817 BUT LINCOLN HAD NO STOMACH FOR RETRIBUTION. 527 00:40:33,817 --> 00:40:40,917 HE WANTED TO FIND THE WAY TO RESTORE THE UNION. 528 00:40:40,924 --> 00:40:46,863 >> AFTER LEE SIGNED THE FINAL TERMS, HE STOOD UP AND SHOOK 529 00:40:46,863 --> 00:40:52,436 HANDS WITH ALL OF THE MEMBERS OF GRANT’S GENERAL STAFF. 530 00:40:52,436 --> 00:41:01,876 WHEN IT CAME TO KOL NOLL ELI PARKER WHO WAS A NATIVE. 531 00:41:01,878 --> 00:41:07,778 HE WAS TAKEN ABACK FOR A MINUTE. HE SAYS, OH, I SEE, KERR NOLL 532 00:41:07,784 --> 00:41:09,786 THERE IS AT LEAST ONE REAL AMERICAN IN THE ROOM. 533 00:41:09,786 --> 00:41:14,816 AND PARKER LOOKS AT HIM IN THE EYE AND SAYS, GENERAL LEE, TODAY 534 00:41:14,825 --> 00:41:18,462 WE’RE ALL AMERICANS. >> WORD OF LEE LAYING DOWN ARMS 535 00:41:18,462 --> 00:41:25,702 TRIGGERS A SERIES OF SURROUNDERS ACROSS THE SOUTH. 536 00:41:25,702 --> 00:41:29,139 ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS FINALLY ABLE TO BREATHE A SIGH OF RELIEF AS 537 00:41:29,139 --> 00:41:33,377 THE FOUR‐YEAR WAR COMES TO A CLOSE. 538 00:41:33,377 --> 00:41:38,247 >> LINCOLN IS KPEGEXHILARATED TH WE WILL BE ABLE TO WORK OUT THE 539 00:41:38,248 --> 00:41:42,248 PROBLEM OF RECONSTRUCTION. AS MARY LATER RELATES, HE TURNED 540 00:41:42,252 --> 00:41:46,822 TO HER AND HE SAID, THE WAR IS OVER, AND THIS DAY I AM HAPPY. 541 00:41:46,823 --> 00:41:49,359 >> BUT THE GLORY OF VICTORY IS BRIEF. 542 00:41:49,359 --> 00:41:54,859 THE VIOLENCE OF THE CIVIL WAR THAT TOOK MORE THAN 800,000 543 00:41:54,865 --> 00:41:59,045 AMERICAN LIVES WILL CLAIM ONE MORE.