1 00:00:02,083 --> 00:00:03,208 - Tonight on "The Proof is Out There". 2 00:00:03,208 --> 00:00:05,250 What's hidden in the Brazilian UFO files? 3 00:00:05,250 --> 00:00:07,875 - This is one of the most credible series of photos 4 00:00:07,875 --> 00:00:09,208 that have ever been taken. 5 00:00:09,208 --> 00:00:10,625 - [Tony] What's this creature found 6 00:00:10,625 --> 00:00:12,208 by the road in Texas? 7 00:00:12,208 --> 00:00:15,250 - Could this prove that the Chupacabra is real? 8 00:00:15,250 --> 00:00:17,083 - [Tony] What can this meteorite tell us 9 00:00:17,083 --> 00:00:19,167 about alien civilizations? 10 00:00:19,167 --> 00:00:20,458 - It contains minerals 11 00:00:20,458 --> 00:00:22,208 that have never been seen on Earth. 12 00:00:22,208 --> 00:00:25,875 - [Tony] And what's going on with these baby Nessies? 13 00:00:25,875 --> 00:00:28,417 - If the Loch Ness monster actually exists, 14 00:00:28,417 --> 00:00:30,167 it's gotta have babies, right? 15 00:00:30,167 --> 00:00:33,208 [dramatic music] 16 00:00:34,458 --> 00:00:35,958 - [Tony] Around the globe are videos... 17 00:00:35,958 --> 00:00:38,042 - [Eye-Witness] What are those things? 18 00:00:38,042 --> 00:00:39,458 - [Eye-Witness] It's moving. 19 00:00:39,458 --> 00:00:43,375 - [Tony] Photos and sounds that defy explanation. 20 00:00:43,375 --> 00:00:46,042 [static buzzing] 21 00:00:46,042 --> 00:00:48,333 [dramatic music] 22 00:00:48,333 --> 00:00:50,208 - [Eye-Witness] We don't know where they come from, 23 00:00:50,208 --> 00:00:51,833 who made them, or how they operate. 24 00:00:51,833 --> 00:00:53,208 - [Tony] What are they? 25 00:00:53,208 --> 00:00:54,875 - [Eye-Witness] Some sort of bizarre mutation. 26 00:00:54,875 --> 00:00:56,667 - [Eye-Witness] What's exciting is nobody really knows. 27 00:00:56,667 --> 00:00:59,792 - Extraordinary claims need extraordinary proof. 28 00:01:01,750 --> 00:01:03,042 - I'm Tony Harris, 29 00:01:03,042 --> 00:01:05,208 and as a journalist for more than 30 years, 30 00:01:05,208 --> 00:01:08,125 I've followed the facts where they take me. 31 00:01:08,125 --> 00:01:10,458 Now I'm bringing that spirit of investigation 32 00:01:10,458 --> 00:01:13,167 to the world's strangest sounds and images. 33 00:01:14,208 --> 00:01:17,083 We'll analyze each one with top experts. 34 00:01:17,083 --> 00:01:20,208 - It's a credible case, it's a credible video. 35 00:01:20,208 --> 00:01:22,958 - [Tony] And pass a verdict on what it is. 36 00:01:22,958 --> 00:01:25,042 - This video was clearly faked. 37 00:01:25,042 --> 00:01:27,542 - The proof starts now. 38 00:01:27,542 --> 00:01:30,583 [suspenseful music] 39 00:01:35,542 --> 00:01:39,083 Good evening and welcome to "The Proof is Out There". 40 00:01:39,083 --> 00:01:42,708 At over 70 years old, this first story is an oldie, 41 00:01:42,708 --> 00:01:44,375 but a very goodie. 42 00:01:44,375 --> 00:01:46,250 These images out of Brazil have been called 43 00:01:46,250 --> 00:01:47,875 the most sensational sequence 44 00:01:47,875 --> 00:01:50,500 of flying saucer photos ever seen, 45 00:01:50,500 --> 00:01:53,125 and you're about to see them right here. 46 00:01:53,125 --> 00:01:56,333 May, 1952, João Martins, 47 00:01:56,333 --> 00:02:00,417 a journalist from Brazilian weekly magazine, "O Cruzeiro", 48 00:02:00,417 --> 00:02:03,708 and his photographer Ed Keffel, are on a routine assignment 49 00:02:03,708 --> 00:02:07,167 to the Barra Da Tijuca, near Rio de Janeiro. 50 00:02:07,167 --> 00:02:08,417 In the late afternoon, 51 00:02:08,417 --> 00:02:10,875 Martins spots what he thinks is an airplane 52 00:02:10,875 --> 00:02:12,125 traveling at great speed, 53 00:02:12,125 --> 00:02:13,875 but upon further inspection, 54 00:02:13,875 --> 00:02:16,750 he realizes it was actually no airplane at all. 55 00:02:16,750 --> 00:02:20,542 Martins screams, "Shoot it!" And so Keffel does. 56 00:02:20,542 --> 00:02:22,625 What they capture is astounding. 57 00:02:22,625 --> 00:02:26,208 A saucer shaped disc flying through the sky at great speed. 58 00:02:26,208 --> 00:02:28,708 They describe the object as blue-gray in color, 59 00:02:28,708 --> 00:02:30,208 and completely silent. 60 00:02:30,208 --> 00:02:32,375 Careful inspection of these historic photos 61 00:02:32,375 --> 00:02:35,667 seems to reveal the object has three distinct layers. 62 00:02:35,667 --> 00:02:39,042 A flat disc on the outside, a raised rim in the middle, 63 00:02:39,042 --> 00:02:41,333 and a small bump on the top center. 64 00:02:41,333 --> 00:02:43,542 Keffel is also able to photograph the 65 00:02:43,542 --> 00:02:46,042 bottom of the craft, which appears flat 66 00:02:46,042 --> 00:02:48,667 except for a raised ring around the center. 67 00:02:48,667 --> 00:02:51,958 The stunned men continue shooting for a full 60 seconds 68 00:02:51,958 --> 00:02:54,292 before the object speeds out of sight, 69 00:02:54,292 --> 00:02:56,792 cementing its place in UFO history. 70 00:02:58,167 --> 00:02:59,792 According to journalist Eric Grundhauser, 71 00:02:59,792 --> 00:03:02,333 when the reports are published in "O Cruzeiro", 72 00:03:02,333 --> 00:03:04,042 they create a firestorm. 73 00:03:04,042 --> 00:03:06,000 - Issues just flew off the shelves. 74 00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:08,625 It created a UFO craze in Brazil. 75 00:03:08,625 --> 00:03:11,000 People still reference these photos 76 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:12,958 as some of the most credible evidence 77 00:03:12,958 --> 00:03:15,000 of extraterrestrial visitation. 78 00:03:15,000 --> 00:03:16,375 - [Tony] The photos get the attention 79 00:03:16,375 --> 00:03:19,042 not only of the public, but the Brazilian military, 80 00:03:19,042 --> 00:03:21,375 which launches an immediate investigation. 81 00:03:21,375 --> 00:03:23,083 - The Brazilian Air Force determined 82 00:03:23,083 --> 00:03:25,250 that they were in fact, genuine. 83 00:03:25,250 --> 00:03:28,292 One Brazilian investigator has even called them 84 00:03:28,292 --> 00:03:31,375 the most sensational sequence of photos 85 00:03:31,375 --> 00:03:33,375 of an extra terrestrial ever seen. 86 00:03:33,375 --> 00:03:35,958 - The "O Cruzeiro" photos are so groundbreaking, 87 00:03:35,958 --> 00:03:38,750 they set off decades of Brazilian UFO sightings, 88 00:03:38,750 --> 00:03:41,833 many investigated with zeal by the Brazilian Air Force. 89 00:03:43,833 --> 00:03:47,292 70 years ago, these photos may have been credible enough 90 00:03:47,292 --> 00:03:50,250 to make the Brazilian Air Force take notice, 91 00:03:50,250 --> 00:03:53,042 but can they stand up to modern scrutiny? 92 00:03:53,042 --> 00:03:55,167 Our experts are on the case. 93 00:03:55,167 --> 00:03:58,333 [suspenseful music] 94 00:03:59,667 --> 00:04:02,292 Some have speculated the disc could have been superimposed 95 00:04:02,292 --> 00:04:04,583 on the background using double exposure, 96 00:04:04,583 --> 00:04:06,708 where the same frame of film is exposed 97 00:04:06,708 --> 00:04:10,375 to two separate images without advancing the film roll. 98 00:04:10,375 --> 00:04:12,875 But astrophotographer Andrew McCarthy says 99 00:04:12,875 --> 00:04:16,292 the sharpness of these images kills that theory. 100 00:04:16,292 --> 00:04:18,500 - I'm not seeing any kind of ghosting in this image, 101 00:04:18,500 --> 00:04:22,208 which would be very common from a double exposure. 102 00:04:22,208 --> 00:04:24,750 This is also a very high contrast image, 103 00:04:24,750 --> 00:04:27,708 which also suggests that it's not a double exposure 104 00:04:27,708 --> 00:04:30,875 because the item in the sky would be washed out 105 00:04:30,875 --> 00:04:32,583 by that relatively bright sky. 106 00:04:32,583 --> 00:04:35,667 So I think this was captured with a single photograph. 107 00:04:35,667 --> 00:04:38,042 - [Tony] So could it just be a model saucer 108 00:04:38,042 --> 00:04:39,875 tossed in the air for the photo? 109 00:04:39,875 --> 00:04:41,458 - It's hard to say for sure, 110 00:04:41,458 --> 00:04:43,292 because generally, you'd see a little bit more motion blur 111 00:04:43,292 --> 00:04:44,542 with an object that was thrown 112 00:04:44,542 --> 00:04:46,292 moments before the photo was being taken. 113 00:04:46,292 --> 00:04:47,792 - [Tony] A fast exposure speed 114 00:04:47,792 --> 00:04:50,500 could correct for motion blur, but according to McCarthy, 115 00:04:50,500 --> 00:04:52,417 the deep depth of field in these photos 116 00:04:52,417 --> 00:04:53,875 gives us critical info. 117 00:04:53,875 --> 00:04:56,750 - The focal ratio used for the shot was F2.A. 118 00:04:56,750 --> 00:04:59,375 That actually lets a lot of light in, 119 00:04:59,375 --> 00:05:01,042 so they're able to shorten the exposures, 120 00:05:01,042 --> 00:05:04,375 so they would be able to reduce motion blur significantly. 121 00:05:04,375 --> 00:05:06,833 However, it's actually really hard to get an object 122 00:05:06,833 --> 00:05:09,708 that's in focus both close to your camera 123 00:05:09,708 --> 00:05:12,083 and far away, like the landscape. 124 00:05:12,083 --> 00:05:13,750 So I think what we're looking at 125 00:05:13,750 --> 00:05:16,208 is actually much further away from the observer 126 00:05:16,208 --> 00:05:18,458 than any disc that could have been thrown. 127 00:05:18,458 --> 00:05:20,333 - [Tony] So if it's not double exposure 128 00:05:20,333 --> 00:05:22,667 and it's not a model thrown in the air, 129 00:05:22,667 --> 00:05:25,042 does that mean these photos are legit? 130 00:05:25,042 --> 00:05:28,208 McCarthy would say not so fast in Portuguese, 131 00:05:28,208 --> 00:05:29,833 if he spoke Portuguese. 132 00:05:29,833 --> 00:05:32,667 - You can see the craft appears to be illuminated 133 00:05:32,667 --> 00:05:35,083 from the left and behind the observer. 134 00:05:35,083 --> 00:05:36,833 However, when you look at the trees, 135 00:05:36,833 --> 00:05:40,583 they appear to be illuminated from the right, 136 00:05:40,583 --> 00:05:44,375 so the shadows are actually inconsistent in this image. 137 00:05:44,375 --> 00:05:46,167 - [Tony] Rich Hoffman of the scientific coalition 138 00:05:46,167 --> 00:05:49,958 for Ufology has his own theory on the shadows in the images. 139 00:05:49,958 --> 00:05:52,833 - I don't think the shadow issue that was raised 140 00:05:52,833 --> 00:05:54,167 is a concern. 141 00:05:54,167 --> 00:05:56,792 - [Tony] Hoffman insists the shadows thrown in the tree line 142 00:05:56,792 --> 00:05:58,625 can't be compared to the shadowing 143 00:05:58,625 --> 00:06:00,542 in the clear air above the mountain. 144 00:06:00,542 --> 00:06:03,417 - The things that are up above that tree line 145 00:06:03,417 --> 00:06:05,375 are gonna catch the sun 146 00:06:05,375 --> 00:06:07,583 that are not being exposed by the shadow 147 00:06:07,583 --> 00:06:10,500 from the tree on the left side. 148 00:06:10,500 --> 00:06:12,500 - [Tony] But McCarthy sticks to his guns. 149 00:06:12,500 --> 00:06:15,708 - In the days before Photoshop, film was actually doctored 150 00:06:15,708 --> 00:06:17,208 through a technique called airbrush. 151 00:06:17,208 --> 00:06:20,000 They were essentially drawing directly on the film. 152 00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:22,500 In this case, they could have very easily 153 00:06:22,500 --> 00:06:23,958 drawn on these elements. 154 00:06:23,958 --> 00:06:26,375 That may be what we're looking at here. 155 00:06:26,375 --> 00:06:29,542 [suspenseful music] 156 00:06:30,250 --> 00:06:31,542 - [Tony] Our verdict? 157 00:06:31,542 --> 00:06:34,417 We are going to call it an even split for now. 158 00:06:34,417 --> 00:06:38,000 Hoffman says genuine UFO, McCarthy says hoax, 159 00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:39,583 and we are left uncertain, 160 00:06:39,583 --> 00:06:42,667 especially with the shady status of the lighting. 161 00:06:42,667 --> 00:06:45,792 But even if it is a hoax, if this incident inspired 162 00:06:45,792 --> 00:06:48,750 a whole new field of study in Brazil, 163 00:06:48,750 --> 00:06:52,542 then perhaps some hoaxes do some good after all. 164 00:06:52,542 --> 00:06:53,542 [suspenseful music] 165 00:06:53,542 --> 00:06:55,542 Now, let's head to Texas, 166 00:06:55,542 --> 00:06:58,625 and one of the lone star state's most enduring legends. 167 00:06:58,625 --> 00:07:01,292 The Chupacabra may be relatively young, 168 00:07:01,292 --> 00:07:04,208 having first been reported in 1995, 169 00:07:04,208 --> 00:07:06,167 but sightings have been widely noted 170 00:07:06,167 --> 00:07:08,500 across the southwest ever since. 171 00:07:08,500 --> 00:07:10,375 Could this next story finally prove 172 00:07:10,375 --> 00:07:12,417 the creature's existence? 173 00:07:12,417 --> 00:07:15,917 May 19th, 2011, in San Antonio, Texas, 174 00:07:15,917 --> 00:07:18,542 a sanitation worker is called to pick up a deceased animal 175 00:07:18,542 --> 00:07:20,875 on the side of Highway 181, 176 00:07:20,875 --> 00:07:23,583 and when he arrives, he finds this. 177 00:07:23,583 --> 00:07:25,125 The creature appears to be hairless 178 00:07:25,125 --> 00:07:27,333 and has sharp savage teeth. 179 00:07:27,333 --> 00:07:29,708 Its gray skin and a human-like fist 180 00:07:29,708 --> 00:07:32,625 make this creature unknown to the sanitation worker. 181 00:07:32,625 --> 00:07:35,583 Upon further examination, he discovers three inch claws 182 00:07:35,583 --> 00:07:37,792 and an opposable thumb. 183 00:07:37,792 --> 00:07:39,167 A thumb? 184 00:07:39,167 --> 00:07:40,458 Check out the toes. 185 00:07:40,458 --> 00:07:43,042 The creature shares a similar human type foot. 186 00:07:43,042 --> 00:07:45,000 Field researcher Ken Gerhard 187 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:47,917 believes that we could be looking at real evidence 188 00:07:47,917 --> 00:07:51,250 of the infamous small vampire-like creature 189 00:07:51,250 --> 00:07:53,458 known as the Chupacabra, 190 00:07:53,458 --> 00:07:56,083 a predatory animal first described 191 00:07:56,083 --> 00:07:58,792 in Puerto Rico in 1995. 192 00:07:58,792 --> 00:08:01,708 - Livestock began to die in a very mysterious way 193 00:08:01,708 --> 00:08:05,208 and were being found drained of their blood. 194 00:08:05,208 --> 00:08:06,750 And shortly thereafter, 195 00:08:06,750 --> 00:08:09,542 there were sightings of a strange creature on the island, 196 00:08:09,542 --> 00:08:12,792 described as being about three to five feet tall, 197 00:08:12,792 --> 00:08:17,875 scaly body, giant eyes, long fangs and claws. 198 00:08:18,958 --> 00:08:21,167 Chupacabra was such a big deal in Puerto Rico 199 00:08:21,167 --> 00:08:23,167 that the government actually became involved 200 00:08:23,167 --> 00:08:26,042 and formed vigilance committees and possies 201 00:08:26,042 --> 00:08:29,625 in an attempt to find and hunt down this strange animal. 202 00:08:29,625 --> 00:08:31,667 - [Tony] Allegedly, this Chupacabra 203 00:08:31,667 --> 00:08:33,625 is similar to a vampire. 204 00:08:33,625 --> 00:08:36,667 It comes in the night and survives on sucking the blood 205 00:08:36,667 --> 00:08:38,667 from livestock and other animals. 206 00:08:38,667 --> 00:08:40,667 - One researcher has speculated 207 00:08:40,667 --> 00:08:42,417 that these Chupacabra animals 208 00:08:42,417 --> 00:08:46,125 are actually feeding on the blood because they crave iron 209 00:08:46,125 --> 00:08:48,792 and perhaps they are mineral deficient. 210 00:08:48,792 --> 00:08:50,708 - [Tony] Gerhard says the Chupacabra 211 00:08:50,708 --> 00:08:53,792 eventually migrated to the American southwest. 212 00:08:53,792 --> 00:08:55,250 At least the legend did. 213 00:08:55,250 --> 00:08:59,083 - The first American Chupacabras were reported in Texas 214 00:08:59,083 --> 00:09:00,625 in the year 2005, 215 00:09:00,625 --> 00:09:03,542 and specifically right here where this thing was found 216 00:09:03,542 --> 00:09:06,833 near the town of Elmendorf in southern San Antonio. 217 00:09:06,833 --> 00:09:09,708 In 2010, in Jack County, Texas, 218 00:09:09,708 --> 00:09:11,917 a woman named Stacia Henderson 219 00:09:11,917 --> 00:09:14,708 was actually bitten by one of these Chupacabra animals 220 00:09:14,708 --> 00:09:16,375 and had to be rushed to the hospital. 221 00:09:16,375 --> 00:09:19,792 Could there be a relationship between this mysterious animal 222 00:09:19,792 --> 00:09:24,417 that we see in this photo and the other Texas Chupacabras? 223 00:09:24,417 --> 00:09:26,875 [suspenseful music] 224 00:09:26,875 --> 00:09:32,000 - As of April 23rd, 2023, six cows have been found mutilated 225 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:34,792 along the stretch of highway in San Antonio. 226 00:09:34,792 --> 00:09:37,542 The tongue was completely removed from each one, 227 00:09:37,542 --> 00:09:39,250 with no blood spilled. 228 00:09:39,250 --> 00:09:42,708 Could those killings be the work of a Chupacabra? 229 00:09:42,708 --> 00:09:45,625 As police investigate, we turn to our experts. 230 00:09:45,625 --> 00:09:48,917 [suspenseful music] 231 00:09:50,167 --> 00:09:52,167 - [Tony] Anthropologist Kathy Strain discusses 232 00:09:52,167 --> 00:09:55,500 the problematic diet of a potential Chupacabra. 233 00:09:55,500 --> 00:09:58,083 - Historically, the Chupacabra 234 00:09:58,083 --> 00:10:01,583 has been blamed for quite a few cattle 235 00:10:01,583 --> 00:10:03,875 that have been bled to death, 236 00:10:03,875 --> 00:10:05,875 but no blood found in the area, 237 00:10:05,875 --> 00:10:08,875 and no meat was removed from an any of the animals. 238 00:10:08,875 --> 00:10:12,625 Chupacabras are supposedly much larger than a dog 239 00:10:12,625 --> 00:10:14,708 and a little bit smaller than a wolf, 240 00:10:14,708 --> 00:10:17,542 and it would need more nutrition to survive 241 00:10:17,542 --> 00:10:19,042 than just the blood of an animal. 242 00:10:19,042 --> 00:10:20,875 - [Tony] And while Strain isn't a believer 243 00:10:20,875 --> 00:10:22,333 in the Chupacabra legend, 244 00:10:22,333 --> 00:10:25,167 she's still not exactly sure what we're looking at. 245 00:10:25,167 --> 00:10:29,042 - What you're seeing here is very small and has hands, 246 00:10:29,042 --> 00:10:32,208 that rules out a canine-type species. 247 00:10:32,208 --> 00:10:35,417 - The strange thing about this is the paws. 248 00:10:35,417 --> 00:10:37,375 They don't have a typical canine paw, 249 00:10:37,375 --> 00:10:39,833 with padding and then smaller toes, 250 00:10:39,833 --> 00:10:41,792 they appear to have longer 251 00:10:41,792 --> 00:10:44,500 almost kind of finger-like appendages. 252 00:10:44,500 --> 00:10:48,208 There's very few animals that have paws that look like that. 253 00:10:48,208 --> 00:10:50,875 Raccoons that have, quote unquote, hands, 254 00:10:50,875 --> 00:10:55,542 they have more finger-like paws than dogs and cats do. 255 00:10:55,542 --> 00:10:57,792 - [Tony] So potentially, a raccoon. 256 00:10:57,792 --> 00:10:59,542 But then why is it hairless? 257 00:10:59,542 --> 00:11:01,708 - This animal looks really thin. 258 00:11:01,708 --> 00:11:04,042 It's possible that it could have had mange, 259 00:11:04,042 --> 00:11:07,375 which is a type of mite that burrows into the skin 260 00:11:07,375 --> 00:11:09,125 and it can affect its health 261 00:11:09,125 --> 00:11:13,708 and it can become malnourished and lose their fur. 262 00:11:13,708 --> 00:11:16,375 - [Tony] But hang on, wildlife biologist Floyd Hayes 263 00:11:16,375 --> 00:11:19,125 doesn't believe what we are looking at is a raccoon. 264 00:11:19,125 --> 00:11:22,042 - When we look up closely at the paw, 265 00:11:22,042 --> 00:11:25,250 we could see there's four relatively small digits here, 266 00:11:25,250 --> 00:11:27,958 and a fifth opposing digit. 267 00:11:27,958 --> 00:11:31,833 A raccoon has five relatively long and thin digits 268 00:11:31,833 --> 00:11:34,875 that are pointing forward without an opposing digit. 269 00:11:34,875 --> 00:11:36,875 There are not very many species of animals 270 00:11:36,875 --> 00:11:39,542 that have an opposing digit like this one, 271 00:11:39,542 --> 00:11:41,208 but the opossum does. 272 00:11:41,208 --> 00:11:44,167 So I believe this is a Virginia opossum. 273 00:11:44,167 --> 00:11:47,292 The Virginia opossum is the only marsupial mammal 274 00:11:47,292 --> 00:11:48,750 that lives in North America. 275 00:11:48,750 --> 00:11:50,417 It occurs throughout much of the USA 276 00:11:50,417 --> 00:11:52,750 and it's very common in Texas, 277 00:11:52,750 --> 00:11:55,708 and it's also similar in size to a raccoon. 278 00:11:55,708 --> 00:11:58,875 [suspenseful music] 279 00:11:59,208 --> 00:12:00,250 - Our verdict? 280 00:12:00,250 --> 00:12:03,000 Our experts disagree on what the animal is, 281 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:06,708 but they do agree it's a mammal that died of mange. 282 00:12:06,708 --> 00:12:08,583 If we see more compelling stories 283 00:12:08,583 --> 00:12:12,833 about the notorious Chupacabra, we'll bring them your way. 284 00:12:17,667 --> 00:12:19,375 - [Tony] For at least five generations, 285 00:12:19,375 --> 00:12:23,375 a mysterious landmark has baffled and inspired people 286 00:12:23,375 --> 00:12:25,375 in one East African nation. 287 00:12:25,375 --> 00:12:28,167 Now it's finally been analyzed scientifically, 288 00:12:28,167 --> 00:12:30,208 and researchers have discovered something 289 00:12:30,208 --> 00:12:33,333 that is literally out of this world. 290 00:12:33,333 --> 00:12:38,083 In September, 2019, near the village of El Ali in Somalia, 291 00:12:38,083 --> 00:12:41,042 prospectors searching for opals in a lush valley 292 00:12:41,042 --> 00:12:42,917 stumble upon a completely different 293 00:12:42,917 --> 00:12:44,375 type of valuable stone. 294 00:12:44,375 --> 00:12:46,542 Video of the scene shows a group of locals 295 00:12:46,542 --> 00:12:48,875 examining the unusual rock. 296 00:12:48,875 --> 00:12:50,917 [local man speaking in foreign language] 297 00:12:50,917 --> 00:12:52,375 - [Tony] One man attaches a magnet 298 00:12:52,375 --> 00:12:56,042 to this reddish-brown boulder, and it sticks. 299 00:12:56,042 --> 00:12:59,167 All told, this object is about six and a half feet long, 300 00:12:59,167 --> 00:13:02,708 just over three feet wide, and more than four feet tall. 301 00:13:02,708 --> 00:13:05,375 It weighs in at over 16 and a half tons. 302 00:13:07,333 --> 00:13:10,667 And as the locals demonstrate, when struck by a small rock, 303 00:13:10,667 --> 00:13:13,792 it resonates with metallic tones. 304 00:13:13,792 --> 00:13:16,583 Tests show it's a meteorite, 305 00:13:16,583 --> 00:13:19,417 and experts suspect that like this similar meteorite 306 00:13:19,417 --> 00:13:22,542 encountered by the Inuit people in Greenland, 307 00:13:22,542 --> 00:13:24,375 the boulder in Somalia was useful 308 00:13:24,375 --> 00:13:26,375 for making important tools. 309 00:13:26,375 --> 00:13:30,542 As such, it acquired both a practical and a spiritual value. 310 00:13:31,875 --> 00:13:34,250 Science writer Amy Teitel says this treasured rock 311 00:13:34,250 --> 00:13:36,833 is known as Nightfall by the locals, 312 00:13:36,833 --> 00:13:38,875 since according to legend, it came from the skies 313 00:13:38,875 --> 00:13:41,208 hundreds, if not thousands, of years ago. 314 00:13:41,208 --> 00:13:44,583 - Nightfall became an object of deep significance 315 00:13:44,583 --> 00:13:46,000 for locals in Somalia, 316 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:47,875 and it's thought to be a link between 317 00:13:47,875 --> 00:13:49,417 the Earth and the heavens. 318 00:13:49,417 --> 00:13:52,167 It kind of brings to mind the mysticism 319 00:13:52,167 --> 00:13:55,333 surrounding the monolith in the early scenes of 2001 320 00:13:55,333 --> 00:13:58,750 "A Space Odyssey," where that monolith had the power 321 00:13:58,750 --> 00:14:02,708 to change human evolution and change the course of events. 322 00:14:02,708 --> 00:14:04,417 - [Tony] But here's the weird thing, 323 00:14:04,417 --> 00:14:07,417 the tests show some of the metal in this rock 324 00:14:07,417 --> 00:14:09,208 doesn't seem natural. 325 00:14:09,208 --> 00:14:12,000 - The meteorite is 90% iron and nickel, 326 00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:13,625 but there are also two new minerals 327 00:14:13,625 --> 00:14:16,250 that scientists have discovered in this meteorite 328 00:14:16,250 --> 00:14:19,042 that we don't see naturally occurring on Earth. 329 00:14:19,042 --> 00:14:22,000 One is called Elaliite, for the town of El Ali. 330 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:23,875 The other is Elkinstantonite, 331 00:14:23,875 --> 00:14:27,208 named for planetary scientist Lindy Elkins-Tanton. 332 00:14:28,375 --> 00:14:30,625 - [Tony] Elaliite and Elkinstantonite 333 00:14:30,625 --> 00:14:32,792 don't exist naturally on earth, 334 00:14:32,792 --> 00:14:35,708 but we've created them artificially in a lab. 335 00:14:35,708 --> 00:14:38,125 That quirky fact has led some to believe 336 00:14:38,125 --> 00:14:42,042 there may be more to this meteorite that meets the eye. 337 00:14:42,042 --> 00:14:43,917 - [Amy] Because the meteorite came from space 338 00:14:43,917 --> 00:14:46,167 and has high metallic content, 339 00:14:46,167 --> 00:14:48,917 some wonder if they see technosignatures 340 00:14:48,917 --> 00:14:52,042 or proof of some alien technology. 341 00:14:52,042 --> 00:14:54,208 - A technosignature is a property 342 00:14:54,208 --> 00:14:57,500 that provides evidence of past or present tech. 343 00:14:57,500 --> 00:15:01,250 The thinking is if this material only exists on Earth 344 00:15:01,250 --> 00:15:04,458 when we create it with our sophisticated methods, 345 00:15:04,458 --> 00:15:08,667 can it only exist elsewhere because, likewise, 346 00:15:08,667 --> 00:15:11,542 other beings are creating it there with their tech? 347 00:15:13,417 --> 00:15:15,875 According to a recent Cornell study, 348 00:15:15,875 --> 00:15:18,458 new minerals found in other meteorites 349 00:15:18,458 --> 00:15:22,000 appear to be promising candidates for superconductors, 350 00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:24,208 meaning they may be of real use 351 00:15:24,208 --> 00:15:27,667 for a technologically advanced alien civilization. 352 00:15:27,667 --> 00:15:30,208 So, could this mystical meteorite 353 00:15:30,208 --> 00:15:33,083 be proof of extraterrestrial life? 354 00:15:33,083 --> 00:15:35,042 Let's see what our experts say. 355 00:15:35,042 --> 00:15:38,833 [suspenseful music] 356 00:15:38,833 --> 00:15:40,875 NASA geologist Dr. Bob Anderson 357 00:15:40,875 --> 00:15:43,125 explains that there may be very good reasons 358 00:15:43,125 --> 00:15:46,625 why we don't see Elaliite and Elkinstantonite 359 00:15:46,625 --> 00:15:48,875 occurring naturally on Earth. 360 00:15:48,875 --> 00:15:51,958 - Both of these are iron phosphorus minerals 361 00:15:51,958 --> 00:15:53,708 that we do not fight on Earth 362 00:15:53,708 --> 00:15:55,417 because of the presence of water. 363 00:15:55,417 --> 00:15:57,833 In the presence of water, these minerals would dissolve 364 00:15:57,833 --> 00:15:59,875 and form into other minerals. 365 00:15:59,875 --> 00:16:02,458 What we have on Earth are not even 1% 366 00:16:02,458 --> 00:16:05,125 of the number of minerals that you could form 367 00:16:05,125 --> 00:16:07,375 under different environmental conditions. 368 00:16:07,375 --> 00:16:09,917 - [Tony] So they may be alien to us here on Earth, 369 00:16:09,917 --> 00:16:11,250 but could minerals like these 370 00:16:11,250 --> 00:16:14,625 be found naturally on other planets? 371 00:16:14,625 --> 00:16:17,208 - From our recent studies of Mars and the moon, 372 00:16:17,208 --> 00:16:18,708 we found several minerals 373 00:16:18,708 --> 00:16:21,083 that are found under different environmental conditions. 374 00:16:21,083 --> 00:16:22,417 We have higher pressure here 375 00:16:22,417 --> 00:16:24,542 than we do on Mars or on the moon, 376 00:16:24,542 --> 00:16:28,000 and so those pressures affect how these atoms form together 377 00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:31,125 what we call a crystal lattice or a crystal cage. 378 00:16:31,125 --> 00:16:33,708 - [Tony] Anderson says these minerals were probably made 379 00:16:33,708 --> 00:16:38,167 not by alien mineralogists, but by a high-speed collision 380 00:16:38,167 --> 00:16:41,292 which turned the solid surface of the meteor molten, 381 00:16:41,292 --> 00:16:44,208 and the minerals then crystallized into a new form 382 00:16:44,208 --> 00:16:46,833 when that molten metal cooled. 383 00:16:46,833 --> 00:16:51,042 And physicist Matthew Szydagis says if it were alien tech, 384 00:16:51,042 --> 00:16:54,167 we'd see proof of sophisticated design and manufacture, 385 00:16:54,167 --> 00:16:56,000 not just raw materials. 386 00:16:56,000 --> 00:16:57,208 - In this particular case, 387 00:16:57,208 --> 00:17:00,708 we see no evidence of a structured craft 388 00:17:00,708 --> 00:17:02,542 or pieces of a structured craft. 389 00:17:02,542 --> 00:17:05,167 We also see no writing or inscriptions. 390 00:17:05,167 --> 00:17:07,250 We are just looking at a rock 391 00:17:07,250 --> 00:17:09,208 that happens to have a couple new minerals 392 00:17:09,208 --> 00:17:11,167 that can be synthesized naturally. 393 00:17:11,542 --> 00:17:15,458 [suspenseful music] 394 00:17:15,458 --> 00:17:16,583 - Our verdict? 395 00:17:16,583 --> 00:17:19,750 This is an exotic rock from our own solar system 396 00:17:19,750 --> 00:17:23,958 that by coincidence, contains special minerals 397 00:17:23,958 --> 00:17:26,708 we artificially developed decades ago. 398 00:17:26,708 --> 00:17:29,750 A potential third new mineral found in the meteorite 399 00:17:29,750 --> 00:17:31,542 is still being analyzed. 400 00:17:31,542 --> 00:17:35,667 No wonder the locals treat Nightfall with such reverence. 401 00:17:40,875 --> 00:17:42,250 - [Tony] We investigate sightings 402 00:17:42,250 --> 00:17:45,042 of legendary monsters all the time, 403 00:17:45,042 --> 00:17:47,250 but very rarely do we get a chance to look at 404 00:17:47,250 --> 00:17:50,375 baby versions of these mysterious creatures. 405 00:17:50,375 --> 00:17:53,250 Well, that's about to change right now. 406 00:17:53,250 --> 00:17:54,250 April 24th, 2022, Itaguare Beach 407 00:17:54,250 --> 00:17:56,958 April 24th, 2022, Itaguare Beach 408 00:17:56,958 --> 00:17:59,208 just outside Sao Paulo, Brazil. 409 00:17:59,208 --> 00:18:00,500 It's a beautiful sunny day, 410 00:18:00,500 --> 00:18:03,542 and beach goer Rafael Maydadruse Baranga 411 00:18:03,542 --> 00:18:06,375 is enjoying a calming stroll along the surf 412 00:18:06,375 --> 00:18:08,708 when suddenly, he encounters this. 413 00:18:08,708 --> 00:18:10,542 A gaggle of baby Nessies. 414 00:18:10,542 --> 00:18:13,833 Take a closer look as Rafael watches a whole group 415 00:18:13,833 --> 00:18:17,125 of what appear to be miniature long-necked dinosaurs 416 00:18:17,125 --> 00:18:19,042 run into the greenery offshore. 417 00:18:19,042 --> 00:18:22,042 - So if the Loch Ness monster actually exists, 418 00:18:22,042 --> 00:18:23,708 it's gotta have babies, right? 419 00:18:24,958 --> 00:18:27,167 The classic image of the lochness monster 420 00:18:27,167 --> 00:18:30,958 is an animal with a very long neck with a small head. 421 00:18:30,958 --> 00:18:32,458 It's easy to understand 422 00:18:32,458 --> 00:18:35,625 why people are calling these things baby Nessies. 423 00:18:35,625 --> 00:18:37,417 - [Tony] Gerhard's investigations have 424 00:18:37,417 --> 00:18:39,208 led him to believe that animals like 425 00:18:39,208 --> 00:18:41,292 this exist all around the world 426 00:18:41,292 --> 00:18:43,542 including right here in South America. 427 00:18:43,542 --> 00:18:46,042 - South America's version of the lochness monster 428 00:18:46,042 --> 00:18:47,458 is known as Nahuelito. 429 00:18:47,458 --> 00:18:49,708 It's said to inhabit Lake Nahuel Huapi 430 00:18:49,708 --> 00:18:51,417 in neighboring Argentina, 431 00:18:51,417 --> 00:18:54,417 and perhaps other lakes throughout South America. 432 00:18:54,417 --> 00:18:57,167 Accounts of Nahuelito were actually logged 433 00:18:57,167 --> 00:18:58,875 by the Indigenous people in the area. 434 00:18:58,875 --> 00:19:02,000 In 1922, the Buenos Aires Zoo 435 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:03,708 actually launched an expedition 436 00:19:03,708 --> 00:19:04,792 to search for the creature. 437 00:19:04,792 --> 00:19:06,958 And as recently as 1997, 438 00:19:06,958 --> 00:19:09,208 a woman who worked at a lakeside resort 439 00:19:09,208 --> 00:19:12,042 claimed that she saw this giant humped animal 440 00:19:12,042 --> 00:19:13,125 swimming through the water. 441 00:19:13,125 --> 00:19:15,000 - [Tony] Could these be the offspring 442 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:17,042 of the infamous Nahuelito? 443 00:19:17,042 --> 00:19:19,000 One theory about these lake monsters 444 00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:21,375 being spotted around the world suggests 445 00:19:21,375 --> 00:19:24,250 that they are actually only using these lakes 446 00:19:24,250 --> 00:19:25,542 for breeding purposes. 447 00:19:25,542 --> 00:19:27,542 - There are many species of animals 448 00:19:27,542 --> 00:19:31,167 that are known to travel from the ocean into fresh water. 449 00:19:31,167 --> 00:19:33,417 A very strong answer as to why we have not proven 450 00:19:33,417 --> 00:19:35,250 that these lake monsters exist 451 00:19:35,250 --> 00:19:37,208 is the possibility that these animals 452 00:19:37,208 --> 00:19:39,167 actually live in the Earth's oceans 453 00:19:39,167 --> 00:19:43,208 and only occasionally will travel into fresh water. 454 00:19:43,208 --> 00:19:45,000 - [Tony] Even one of the earliest legends 455 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:46,417 of the Loch Ness monster 456 00:19:46,417 --> 00:19:48,833 has the creature being driven away up River Ness 457 00:19:48,833 --> 00:19:53,667 and out into the ocean by a Christian missionary in 565 AD. 458 00:19:53,667 --> 00:19:55,875 So perhaps our eyewitness was in the right place 459 00:19:55,875 --> 00:19:59,083 at the right time to see some ocean monster offspring 460 00:19:59,083 --> 00:20:02,375 newly hatched in some freshwater pockets, 461 00:20:02,375 --> 00:20:04,542 but Gerhard suggests another theory. 462 00:20:04,542 --> 00:20:07,167 - There were dinosaurs throughout South America 463 00:20:07,167 --> 00:20:09,375 for millions and millions of years. 464 00:20:09,375 --> 00:20:12,000 Maybe the possibility exists that there could in fact, 465 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:14,458 be living dinosaurs in South America. 466 00:20:16,208 --> 00:20:18,375 - Thanks to movies like "Jurassic Park", 467 00:20:18,375 --> 00:20:21,792 many people wonder if there aren't already cloned dinosaurs 468 00:20:21,792 --> 00:20:25,875 walking amongst us, but without actual dinosaur DNA 469 00:20:25,875 --> 00:20:29,333 that has stayed intact for more than 65 million years, 470 00:20:29,333 --> 00:20:32,125 that scenario remains out of reach. 471 00:20:32,125 --> 00:20:33,833 Although the recent discovery 472 00:20:33,833 --> 00:20:37,000 of a 70 million year old fossilized embryo 473 00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:39,542 suggests that we may be very close. 474 00:20:39,542 --> 00:20:41,208 Let's see what our experts think about 475 00:20:41,208 --> 00:20:43,917 these potential baby dinos. 476 00:20:43,917 --> 00:20:47,500 [suspenseful music] 477 00:20:47,500 --> 00:20:49,750 Marine biologist Shea Steingass 478 00:20:49,750 --> 00:20:52,583 says the idea of oceanic sea monsters 479 00:20:52,583 --> 00:20:54,875 using lakes to breed their offspring 480 00:20:54,875 --> 00:20:57,250 isn't completely farfetched. 481 00:20:57,250 --> 00:20:59,333 - Imagine living in the ocean 482 00:20:59,333 --> 00:21:01,333 where you can't always see very well, 483 00:21:01,333 --> 00:21:03,708 anything bigger than you, can eat you. 484 00:21:03,708 --> 00:21:06,583 And for that reason, there's a lot of marine species 485 00:21:06,583 --> 00:21:10,333 that start life out as tiny organisms 486 00:21:10,333 --> 00:21:15,292 in the sheltered warmer waters of bays and estuaries. 487 00:21:16,333 --> 00:21:17,292 - [Tony] But as for these little guys 488 00:21:17,292 --> 00:21:19,083 being real life baby Nessies, 489 00:21:19,083 --> 00:21:21,042 Steingass is unconvinced, 490 00:21:21,042 --> 00:21:23,875 especially because Nessie is generally believed 491 00:21:23,875 --> 00:21:25,375 to be a plesiosaur. 492 00:21:25,375 --> 00:21:27,292 - They clearly have limbs 493 00:21:27,292 --> 00:21:29,417 where they're running on the beach. 494 00:21:29,417 --> 00:21:34,125 The plesiosaur had paddle-like appendages or fins 495 00:21:34,125 --> 00:21:35,708 that it used to move through the water. 496 00:21:35,708 --> 00:21:39,250 It didn't actually have feet, and what we see here are feet. 497 00:21:39,250 --> 00:21:41,500 So I can rule out the idea 498 00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:43,625 that this is some sort of plesiosaur. 499 00:21:43,625 --> 00:21:46,375 - [Tony] So what are we really looking at here? 500 00:21:46,375 --> 00:21:48,542 Forensic video analyst Michael Primeau 501 00:21:48,542 --> 00:21:50,542 checks this video for tampering, 502 00:21:50,542 --> 00:21:53,042 and he discovers some interesting clues. 503 00:21:53,042 --> 00:21:55,083 - We had several indications 504 00:21:55,083 --> 00:21:57,583 of some sort of processing used. 505 00:21:57,583 --> 00:21:59,708 There's a graphic of the app 506 00:21:59,708 --> 00:22:01,583 which was potentially used to create this. 507 00:22:01,583 --> 00:22:03,625 We were able to verify that it is possible 508 00:22:03,625 --> 00:22:05,292 to reverse the playback of the video. 509 00:22:05,292 --> 00:22:07,208 The time was inverted, 510 00:22:07,208 --> 00:22:08,792 and thus the video was playing backward. 511 00:22:08,792 --> 00:22:11,417 - [Tony] And when Primeau plays these images in reverse, 512 00:22:11,417 --> 00:22:14,875 which is actually real time, a whole new image unfolds. 513 00:22:14,875 --> 00:22:16,542 - And now it looks more explainable. 514 00:22:16,542 --> 00:22:19,000 It's some sort of smaller animal going in that direction. 515 00:22:19,000 --> 00:22:22,833 And that's the face, the tail, the body, the legs. 516 00:22:22,833 --> 00:22:25,083 What we originally thought were long necks 517 00:22:25,083 --> 00:22:27,500 of baby dinosaur-like creatures 518 00:22:27,500 --> 00:22:30,042 turned out to be the long tail of a raccoon-like creature. 519 00:22:30,042 --> 00:22:31,208 turned out to be the long tail of a raccoon-like creature. 520 00:22:31,208 --> 00:22:34,375 [suspenseful music] 521 00:22:34,375 --> 00:22:36,167 - Well, after Michael Primeau nailed it, 522 00:22:36,167 --> 00:22:37,708 it seems so obvious. 523 00:22:37,708 --> 00:22:40,292 Our verdict? Editing trick. 524 00:22:40,292 --> 00:22:42,792 This is just a video played in reverse 525 00:22:42,792 --> 00:22:47,125 of the raccoon-like creatures known as the Coati. 526 00:22:47,125 --> 00:22:49,708 They can be found all over South America, Mexico, 527 00:22:49,708 --> 00:22:52,083 and even parts of the United States. 528 00:22:52,083 --> 00:22:53,375 But we're still hoping 529 00:22:53,375 --> 00:22:55,792 some of our favorite monsters have babies, 530 00:22:55,792 --> 00:22:57,708 and we get to show you the pictures. 531 00:23:02,958 --> 00:23:06,208 - [Tony] In 2023, the tragic loss of a submersible 532 00:23:06,208 --> 00:23:09,875 carrying tourists to the Titanic was a stark reminder 533 00:23:09,875 --> 00:23:13,417 that the famous tragedy continues to fascinate us. 534 00:23:13,417 --> 00:23:16,500 The disaster has always been surrounded by controversy 535 00:23:16,500 --> 00:23:19,250 about what really happened and why, 536 00:23:19,250 --> 00:23:23,958 including one theory that the Titanic never sank at all. 537 00:23:23,958 --> 00:23:26,417 Balderdash, you say? 538 00:23:26,417 --> 00:23:28,458 Well, take a look at this. 539 00:23:28,458 --> 00:23:30,667 It's 1998 in England, 540 00:23:30,667 --> 00:23:33,208 an amateur sleuth is reexamining a photo 541 00:23:33,208 --> 00:23:36,042 of the maiden voyage of the largest ship of its time, 542 00:23:36,042 --> 00:23:40,333 the Titanic, but is the ill-fated vessel in this image 543 00:23:40,333 --> 00:23:42,583 really the actual Titanic? 544 00:23:42,583 --> 00:23:44,167 This photo of the famous ship 545 00:23:44,167 --> 00:23:46,417 leaving England in April, 1912, 546 00:23:46,417 --> 00:23:49,792 shows what appears to be 16 portholes at the front, 547 00:23:49,792 --> 00:23:53,208 and windows that are thin and unevenly spaced. 548 00:23:53,208 --> 00:23:55,875 But check out this other photo. 549 00:23:55,875 --> 00:23:58,708 It's from the previous year when the Titanic was being built 550 00:23:58,708 --> 00:24:00,625 in Belfast, Northern Ireland, 551 00:24:00,625 --> 00:24:03,333 before the smoke stacks were installed. 552 00:24:03,333 --> 00:24:06,208 Here, there are only 14 portholes 553 00:24:06,208 --> 00:24:07,458 at the fore of the boat. 554 00:24:07,458 --> 00:24:09,042 And when the ship is first launched 555 00:24:09,042 --> 00:24:11,208 from land to sea in 1911, 556 00:24:11,208 --> 00:24:12,708 in preparation for being fitted out 557 00:24:12,708 --> 00:24:14,792 for its subsequent maiden voyage, 558 00:24:14,792 --> 00:24:17,583 there are large evenly spaced windows 559 00:24:17,583 --> 00:24:19,667 on the deck level above. 560 00:24:19,667 --> 00:24:21,875 It is easy to notice the differences 561 00:24:21,875 --> 00:24:26,208 when we stack the two images one on top of the other. 562 00:24:26,208 --> 00:24:28,417 You can clearly see the 16 portholes 563 00:24:28,417 --> 00:24:29,917 and the thin, uneven windows 564 00:24:29,917 --> 00:24:32,542 in the 1912 photo of the maiden voyage. 565 00:24:32,542 --> 00:24:35,917 But in the earlier launch photo from 1911, 566 00:24:35,917 --> 00:24:39,708 there are only 14 portholes and larger windows 567 00:24:39,708 --> 00:24:43,333 that don't line up with the ones in the image above. 568 00:24:43,333 --> 00:24:44,542 Journalist Eric Grundhauser says 569 00:24:44,542 --> 00:24:46,167 this leads some to believe 570 00:24:46,167 --> 00:24:50,042 that before Titanic's ill-fated voyage, the ship was swapped 571 00:24:50,042 --> 00:24:52,542 with one of its mirror image sister ships, 572 00:24:52,542 --> 00:24:55,917 the Olympic, which had 16 bow portholes. 573 00:24:55,917 --> 00:24:59,167 - [Eric] The Olympic was on one of its early voyages 574 00:24:59,167 --> 00:25:01,917 when it got into a wreck and was severely damaged. 575 00:25:01,917 --> 00:25:03,875 The White Star Line and its owners 576 00:25:03,875 --> 00:25:05,875 supposedly came up with the scheme 577 00:25:05,875 --> 00:25:09,208 that they would switch the Olympic with the Titanic, 578 00:25:09,208 --> 00:25:11,458 and sink the ship 579 00:25:11,458 --> 00:25:13,667 so that they could collect the insurance money. 580 00:25:13,667 --> 00:25:14,833 - [Tony] As supporting evidence, 581 00:25:14,833 --> 00:25:16,708 conspiracy theorists point to the fact 582 00:25:16,708 --> 00:25:19,708 the Titanic was originally insured for $5 million, 583 00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:23,875 but shortly before its launch, White Star Lines allegedly 584 00:25:23,875 --> 00:25:26,292 upped the insurance on her by millions. 585 00:25:26,292 --> 00:25:27,875 So the theory goes 586 00:25:27,875 --> 00:25:30,667 that White Star intentionally sank the damaged Olympic, 587 00:25:30,667 --> 00:25:32,417 pocketed the insurance payout, 588 00:25:32,417 --> 00:25:35,042 and kept the original pristine Titanic 589 00:25:35,042 --> 00:25:37,958 secretly sailing under the name Olympic. 590 00:25:37,958 --> 00:25:39,875 - They would collect the insurance money, 591 00:25:39,875 --> 00:25:43,333 pulling off the greatest switcheroo in modern history. 592 00:25:43,333 --> 00:25:44,792 - [Tony] Now, redressing the Olympic 593 00:25:44,792 --> 00:25:46,292 to appear as the Titanic 594 00:25:46,292 --> 00:25:49,417 would've been a highly detailed plot to pull off. 595 00:25:49,417 --> 00:25:51,625 But believers say, not impossible. 596 00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:54,875 - The flooring in the Olympic was a tile floor, 597 00:25:54,875 --> 00:25:58,167 and according to the theory, it was carpeted over 598 00:25:58,167 --> 00:26:00,625 when it was switched over to the Titanic. 599 00:26:00,625 --> 00:26:03,042 Anything that would've borne the name Olympic 600 00:26:03,042 --> 00:26:06,708 was switched out with something that bore the name Titanic. 601 00:26:06,708 --> 00:26:10,417 Menus, ship's bell, the name plate. 602 00:26:10,417 --> 00:26:11,917 - [Tony] Beyond the porthole issue, 603 00:26:11,917 --> 00:26:15,417 conspiracy theorists point to other coincidences 604 00:26:15,417 --> 00:26:16,833 they find suspicious, 605 00:26:16,833 --> 00:26:19,792 like the last minute actions of White Star Line owner 606 00:26:19,792 --> 00:26:22,500 and business tycoon, JP Morgan. 607 00:26:22,500 --> 00:26:25,708 - JP Morgan canceled his place on the Titanic 608 00:26:25,708 --> 00:26:27,333 shortly before the voyage. 609 00:26:27,333 --> 00:26:30,417 The reason he gave was that he was in ill health. 610 00:26:30,417 --> 00:26:32,292 However, just days later, 611 00:26:32,292 --> 00:26:35,500 he was spotted in France in seemingly perfectly good health. 612 00:26:35,500 --> 00:26:37,875 In addition, just hours before 613 00:26:37,875 --> 00:26:41,000 the Titanic sailed from Southampton, 614 00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:43,750 JB Morgan had seven valuable bronze statues 615 00:26:43,750 --> 00:26:45,667 removed from the ship, 616 00:26:45,667 --> 00:26:48,792 seemingly in the knowledge that it was going to sink. 617 00:26:50,042 --> 00:26:52,917 - People who believed there was a switcheroo 618 00:26:52,917 --> 00:26:56,042 also note that unlike the Olympic before it, 619 00:26:56,042 --> 00:26:59,042 the Titanic was not actually open to press 620 00:26:59,042 --> 00:27:02,875 or for public inspection prior to its maiden voyage. 621 00:27:02,875 --> 00:27:05,125 And we know how that ended. 622 00:27:05,125 --> 00:27:08,542 This adds to the idea that White Star had something to hide, 623 00:27:08,542 --> 00:27:12,708 or possibly that it needed more time to complete the switch. 624 00:27:12,708 --> 00:27:15,708 Let's see if our experts can bring this ship to shore. 625 00:27:15,708 --> 00:27:18,958 [suspenseful music] 626 00:27:18,958 --> 00:27:21,542 First, archeologist Dr. Ed Barnhart 627 00:27:21,542 --> 00:27:24,875 explains the Titanic's last minute insurance changes. 628 00:27:24,875 --> 00:27:28,625 - They have one level of insurance for a ship at dock, 629 00:27:28,625 --> 00:27:30,875 and they increased the insurance 630 00:27:30,875 --> 00:27:33,625 when all of the cargo and passengers are on. 631 00:27:33,625 --> 00:27:35,708 If the company's motivation 632 00:27:35,708 --> 00:27:37,875 was to collect this insurance money, 633 00:27:37,875 --> 00:27:41,083 their reputation would've been hurt more 634 00:27:41,083 --> 00:27:46,083 by their newest, fanciest ship on its maiden voyage 635 00:27:46,917 --> 00:27:49,292 touted to be unsinkable, sinking. 636 00:27:49,292 --> 00:27:51,375 - [Tony] So if this wasn't an insurance scam, 637 00:27:51,375 --> 00:27:54,542 then why is there a discrepancy in the number of portholes? 638 00:27:54,542 --> 00:27:56,250 14 in the photo of the construction, 639 00:27:56,250 --> 00:27:59,625 and 16 in the later one from the maiden voyage. 640 00:27:59,625 --> 00:28:03,208 Science writer Mick West chalks it up to a misunderstanding. 641 00:28:03,208 --> 00:28:05,833 - Research has shown that an additional two portholes 642 00:28:05,833 --> 00:28:07,958 were also added to the Titanic, 643 00:28:07,958 --> 00:28:10,542 because the crew mess hall in the front of the boat 644 00:28:10,542 --> 00:28:12,125 was too dark 645 00:28:12,125 --> 00:28:14,708 - [Tony] And what about the fact that the 1911 launch photo 646 00:28:14,708 --> 00:28:16,875 shows large evenly-spaced windows, 647 00:28:16,875 --> 00:28:19,042 while the ones on the 1912 maiden voyage 648 00:28:19,042 --> 00:28:21,833 are thin and unevenly spaced? 649 00:28:21,833 --> 00:28:24,000 West explains that the Titanic's windows 650 00:28:24,000 --> 00:28:26,583 were reconfigured from its original design 651 00:28:26,583 --> 00:28:28,458 while it was being fitted out. 652 00:28:28,458 --> 00:28:31,042 - The Titanic has these tiny windows 653 00:28:31,042 --> 00:28:33,708 because the promenade wasn't really being used 654 00:28:33,708 --> 00:28:36,125 and they converted that to first class cabins, 655 00:28:36,125 --> 00:28:37,958 which was a considerable undertaking. 656 00:28:37,958 --> 00:28:39,417 - [Tony] And Barnhart doubts 657 00:28:39,417 --> 00:28:42,375 that all of the Olympic branding could have been replaced. 658 00:28:42,375 --> 00:28:46,208 - The names of the ships weren't just painted on the side, 659 00:28:46,208 --> 00:28:49,458 they were actually indented into the metal 660 00:28:49,458 --> 00:28:50,875 an inch and a half deep. 661 00:28:50,875 --> 00:28:52,208 They would have to dock them 662 00:28:52,208 --> 00:28:55,083 and severely change the entire plating. 663 00:28:55,083 --> 00:28:56,625 - [Tony] Finally, West says 664 00:28:56,625 --> 00:29:00,458 there is documented visual proof there was no switcheroo, 665 00:29:00,458 --> 00:29:02,208 which exists to this very day. 666 00:29:02,208 --> 00:29:04,292 - An investigation by the Board of Trade 667 00:29:04,292 --> 00:29:07,167 shows that all the wreckage at the bottom of the Atlantic 668 00:29:07,167 --> 00:29:09,458 matches exactly the specifications of the Titanic. 669 00:29:09,458 --> 00:29:10,750 matches exactly the specifications of the Titanic. 670 00:29:10,750 --> 00:29:14,208 [suspenseful music] 671 00:29:14,208 --> 00:29:15,333 - Our verdict? 672 00:29:15,333 --> 00:29:18,458 This is an unfounded conspiracy theory. 673 00:29:18,458 --> 00:29:20,375 Plus, think about it, folks, 674 00:29:20,375 --> 00:29:24,000 whose job was it to crash the ship into an iceberg? 675 00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:27,833 The captain who went down with the ship? I don't think so. 676 00:29:27,833 --> 00:29:30,250 We're happy to sink this rumor once and for all. 677 00:29:35,042 --> 00:29:37,917 - [Tony] There have been both myths and documented cases 678 00:29:37,917 --> 00:29:40,375 of civilizations living underground. 679 00:29:40,375 --> 00:29:43,667 Have we just found proof of another one? 680 00:29:43,667 --> 00:29:45,792 Let's travel to a mysterious spot 681 00:29:45,792 --> 00:29:48,458 at the edge of the Earth to find out. 682 00:29:48,458 --> 00:29:52,125 It's August, 2020, in Russia's Yamal Peninsula. 683 00:29:53,208 --> 00:29:56,042 A TV crew is flying over the remote permafrost 684 00:29:56,042 --> 00:29:57,667 of the Siberian Arctic, 685 00:29:57,667 --> 00:30:01,708 when suddenly, the scene goes from beautiful to bizarre. 686 00:30:01,708 --> 00:30:05,708 Emerging from the tundra is a large opening in the earth. 687 00:30:05,708 --> 00:30:08,375 Back down on the ground, a research scientist 688 00:30:08,375 --> 00:30:12,250 captures the giant maw of the 65 foot diameter pit 689 00:30:12,250 --> 00:30:14,875 from right on the edge of the precipice. 690 00:30:14,875 --> 00:30:16,250 [camera snaps] As he walks along the brink, 691 00:30:16,250 --> 00:30:18,708 he snaps photos of the packed dirt 692 00:30:18,708 --> 00:30:20,458 that rings the circumference, [camera snaps] 693 00:30:20,458 --> 00:30:21,833 and the sheer gray rock 694 00:30:21,833 --> 00:30:24,167 that stretches down to an unseen depth. 695 00:30:27,375 --> 00:30:30,208 Author Jason Martell says this is just one 696 00:30:30,208 --> 00:30:32,708 of more than a dozen similar chasms 697 00:30:32,708 --> 00:30:34,542 found recently in the region. 698 00:30:34,542 --> 00:30:35,792 - We have to wonder 699 00:30:35,792 --> 00:30:37,542 what is the cause of these massive holes? 700 00:30:37,542 --> 00:30:41,042 They don't seem natural. They seem out of place. 701 00:30:41,042 --> 00:30:43,458 - [Tony] Martell says, some suspect these pits 702 00:30:43,458 --> 00:30:45,375 could be the mouths of tunnels 703 00:30:45,375 --> 00:30:48,375 leading to an ancient underground civilization. 704 00:30:48,375 --> 00:30:51,667 - Ancient humans first started taking shelter in caves 705 00:30:51,667 --> 00:30:54,042 as much as 1.8 million years ago. 706 00:30:54,042 --> 00:30:56,042 But it wasn't until the late 1600s 707 00:30:56,042 --> 00:30:58,667 that a scientist named Edmond Halley 708 00:30:58,667 --> 00:31:02,875 proposed that a larger open space existed within the planet, 709 00:31:02,875 --> 00:31:06,167 possibly inhabited by humans or other creatures. 710 00:31:06,167 --> 00:31:09,375 - [Tony] One offshoot of Halley's Hollow Earth Theory 711 00:31:09,375 --> 00:31:11,958 suggests that advanced prehistoric people 712 00:31:11,958 --> 00:31:14,417 made a honeycomb of caves in the earth 713 00:31:14,417 --> 00:31:17,042 from which their descendants still terrorized 714 00:31:17,042 --> 00:31:19,292 those living up on the surface. 715 00:31:19,292 --> 00:31:23,333 This is what's known as troglodyte architecture. 716 00:31:23,333 --> 00:31:25,625 A troglodyte is a person who lives in a cave, 717 00:31:25,625 --> 00:31:28,792 and Martell says there's another storied example 718 00:31:28,792 --> 00:31:30,292 out of California. 719 00:31:30,292 --> 00:31:33,917 - Hopi legends speak of an advanced race of lizard people, 720 00:31:33,917 --> 00:31:37,042 not reptilians, but worshipers of lizards, 721 00:31:37,042 --> 00:31:40,333 who built a great city under what is now Los Angeles. 722 00:31:41,208 --> 00:31:42,792 They did this to shield themselves 723 00:31:42,792 --> 00:31:46,042 from some type of cataclysmic fires. 724 00:31:46,042 --> 00:31:49,375 - [Tony] In 1933, mining engineer George Warren Shufelt 725 00:31:49,375 --> 00:31:51,583 went on a hunt for this catacomb city, 726 00:31:51,583 --> 00:31:53,375 but soon ran out of funding. 727 00:31:53,375 --> 00:31:56,750 But apart from the troglodyte civilization theory, 728 00:31:56,750 --> 00:31:58,208 Martell says these holes 729 00:31:58,208 --> 00:32:01,417 could have an even scarier modern explanation. 730 00:32:01,417 --> 00:32:02,500 - During the Cold War, 731 00:32:02,500 --> 00:32:04,542 the Soviets engaged in several secret, 732 00:32:04,542 --> 00:32:07,375 yet somewhat reckless nuclear tests in the region. 733 00:32:08,375 --> 00:32:10,208 Would we really be surprised if this crater 734 00:32:10,208 --> 00:32:12,708 is the result of recent or even prior 735 00:32:12,708 --> 00:32:14,958 Russian nuclear detonation tests? 736 00:32:16,667 --> 00:32:20,917 - This isn't the only strange hole on Russian soil. 737 00:32:20,917 --> 00:32:22,875 In the 1970s, the Soviets drilled 738 00:32:22,875 --> 00:32:25,417 the Kola Superdeep Borehole, 739 00:32:25,417 --> 00:32:28,792 now the deepest manmade hole on earth, 740 00:32:28,792 --> 00:32:30,625 reaching down almost eight miles. 741 00:32:30,625 --> 00:32:33,583 They claimed the project was purely for research, 742 00:32:33,583 --> 00:32:37,208 but could these mysterious tundra holes be connected? 743 00:32:37,208 --> 00:32:39,667 Let's see what our experts can unearth. 744 00:32:39,667 --> 00:32:43,417 [suspenseful music] 745 00:32:43,417 --> 00:32:45,750 Theoretical physicist Dr. Michio Kaku 746 00:32:45,750 --> 00:32:49,542 analyzes if this could be the result of a nuclear blast. 747 00:32:49,542 --> 00:32:52,042 - The crater created by nuclear detonation 748 00:32:52,042 --> 00:32:54,000 does not look like this at all. 749 00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:56,708 Plus, the killer application here 750 00:32:56,708 --> 00:33:01,167 is a geiger counter that looks for signs of radiation. 751 00:33:01,167 --> 00:33:02,750 If it was a nuclear blast, 752 00:33:02,750 --> 00:33:06,375 you'll find evidence of radioactive strontium, iodine, 753 00:33:06,375 --> 00:33:09,125 cesium, scattered throughout the area, 754 00:33:09,125 --> 00:33:11,333 and we find nothing. 755 00:33:11,333 --> 00:33:14,042 No alpha beta gamma radiation. 756 00:33:14,042 --> 00:33:17,542 It is a perfectly non-radioactive area. 757 00:33:17,542 --> 00:33:18,875 - [Tony] So could this be an example 758 00:33:18,875 --> 00:33:21,042 of troglodyte architecture? 759 00:33:21,042 --> 00:33:23,375 - There is evidence that ancient civilizations 760 00:33:23,375 --> 00:33:26,708 did move underground during times of extreme weather, 761 00:33:26,708 --> 00:33:30,333 during times when ice was appearing on the planet. 762 00:33:30,333 --> 00:33:32,458 Unfortunately, we don't find anything in there 763 00:33:32,458 --> 00:33:34,458 from an archeological point of view 764 00:33:34,458 --> 00:33:37,292 that indicates that this was manmade. 765 00:33:37,292 --> 00:33:39,292 You don't find any staircases, 766 00:33:39,292 --> 00:33:40,958 you don't find anything that indicate 767 00:33:40,958 --> 00:33:42,417 that this would be an entrance 768 00:33:42,417 --> 00:33:45,083 into an underground civilization. 769 00:33:45,083 --> 00:33:48,667 - [Tony] So if this hole wasn't made by humans, 770 00:33:48,667 --> 00:33:51,542 then could it be the result of a natural disaster, 771 00:33:51,542 --> 00:33:53,542 like a meteorite strike? 772 00:33:53,542 --> 00:33:55,000 - When a meteorite hits, 773 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:58,667 it has a tendency to take the material that's in the center 774 00:33:58,667 --> 00:34:00,875 and flip it over onto the edges. 775 00:34:00,875 --> 00:34:02,708 And when you look at these, 776 00:34:02,708 --> 00:34:05,500 we don't find that reversal of stratigraphy at all. 777 00:34:05,500 --> 00:34:08,375 You're just seeing a combination of materials here, 778 00:34:08,375 --> 00:34:10,500 which leads one to believe 779 00:34:10,500 --> 00:34:13,875 that this is what's called an endogenic explosion 780 00:34:13,875 --> 00:34:15,292 that came from the inside, 781 00:34:15,292 --> 00:34:18,417 causing the material to explode outwards. 782 00:34:18,417 --> 00:34:20,083 - [Tony] And Kaku thinks he knows 783 00:34:20,083 --> 00:34:23,042 just what caused that outwards explosion. 784 00:34:23,042 --> 00:34:24,667 - This is tundra. 785 00:34:24,667 --> 00:34:29,792 Tundra has vegetation that froze thousands of years ago. 786 00:34:29,792 --> 00:34:31,500 And as we have global warming 787 00:34:31,500 --> 00:34:34,417 and as the tundra begins to thaw out, 788 00:34:34,417 --> 00:34:39,375 this vegetation releases organic gases like methane gas. 789 00:34:39,375 --> 00:34:43,042 These methane gas will often columnate, rise to the surface, 790 00:34:43,042 --> 00:34:45,125 and create a dome. 791 00:34:45,125 --> 00:34:47,375 These domes, in fact, are unstable, 792 00:34:47,375 --> 00:34:49,458 and eventually the dome collapses. 793 00:34:49,458 --> 00:34:52,000 Methane is potentially explosive 794 00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:55,250 and it has enough energy to create a hole of this nature. 795 00:34:55,250 --> 00:34:56,208 and it has enough energy to create a hole of this nature. 796 00:34:56,208 --> 00:35:00,000 [suspenseful music] 797 00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:01,417 - Our verdict? 798 00:35:01,417 --> 00:35:05,042 This is likely what's known as a gas emission crater 799 00:35:05,042 --> 00:35:07,500 caused by methane that built up underground 800 00:35:07,500 --> 00:35:10,167 and was then released by climate change. 801 00:35:10,167 --> 00:35:12,250 The explosions are described as going off 802 00:35:12,250 --> 00:35:14,375 like a huge bottle of champagne, 803 00:35:14,375 --> 00:35:16,583 throwing debris hundreds of feet, 804 00:35:16,583 --> 00:35:20,083 and setting off gas fires that burn for over an hour. 805 00:35:24,500 --> 00:35:26,250 - [Tony] And finally, tonight, 806 00:35:26,250 --> 00:35:30,042 we all remember the story of Dr. Dolittle. 807 00:35:30,042 --> 00:35:32,542 This fictional animal doctor used to speak 808 00:35:32,542 --> 00:35:35,250 with his furry and feathered patients 809 00:35:35,250 --> 00:35:36,833 in their own languages. 810 00:35:36,833 --> 00:35:40,125 And from the look of this next video, a man in India 811 00:35:40,125 --> 00:35:42,417 might have that talent for real. 812 00:35:42,417 --> 00:35:46,375 It's February, 2023, in Bhopal, India. 813 00:35:46,375 --> 00:35:47,875 A group of men are gathered 814 00:35:47,875 --> 00:35:49,625 at the center of a dirt intersection 815 00:35:49,625 --> 00:35:53,125 when one of them starts to conjure up an unusual crowd. 816 00:35:57,542 --> 00:35:59,917 [man cawing] 817 00:35:59,917 --> 00:36:01,458 - [Tony] We hear the man suddenly 818 00:36:01,458 --> 00:36:03,625 let out what appears to be a bird call. 819 00:36:05,792 --> 00:36:08,542 - [Tony] Initially, only a couple of birds appear, 820 00:36:08,542 --> 00:36:11,333 but then, after a second of stillness, 821 00:36:11,333 --> 00:36:14,917 a whole sweeping flock of crows, known as a murder, 822 00:36:14,917 --> 00:36:16,917 fills the previously empty sky, 823 00:36:16,917 --> 00:36:19,250 like an outtake from Hitchcock. 824 00:36:19,250 --> 00:36:22,042 Is this man a pied piper who can summon crows 825 00:36:22,042 --> 00:36:23,625 by speaking their language? 826 00:36:23,625 --> 00:36:25,583 According to field researcher Cliff Barackman, 827 00:36:25,583 --> 00:36:28,292 it might not be as far fetched as you think. 828 00:36:28,292 --> 00:36:31,167 - In 2013, MIT published a paper 829 00:36:31,167 --> 00:36:34,875 that suggests that the origins of human language 830 00:36:34,875 --> 00:36:38,833 have something to do with imitating bird songs. 831 00:36:38,833 --> 00:36:43,833 Songbirds mostly communicate through an expression layer, 832 00:36:44,750 --> 00:36:45,875 the order of words 833 00:36:45,875 --> 00:36:47,833 and how you can rearrange those create meanings, 834 00:36:47,833 --> 00:36:51,542 and the lexical layer is the meaning themselves. 835 00:36:51,542 --> 00:36:55,125 So if humans in the early stages of our development 836 00:36:55,125 --> 00:37:00,125 started imitating bird noises to do the expression layer, 837 00:37:00,125 --> 00:37:02,042 well, we already had the lexical layer 838 00:37:02,042 --> 00:37:03,250 because we're primates. 839 00:37:03,250 --> 00:37:05,083 - [Tony] Researchers at Duke University 840 00:37:05,083 --> 00:37:06,667 found that humans and birds 841 00:37:06,667 --> 00:37:09,542 even share an identical set of genes 842 00:37:09,542 --> 00:37:11,917 that are activated when birds learn to sing 843 00:37:11,917 --> 00:37:13,333 and humans learn to talk. 844 00:37:15,708 --> 00:37:19,792 Corvids, which include crows, jays, and magpies, 845 00:37:19,792 --> 00:37:21,875 are among the most intelligent creatures 846 00:37:21,875 --> 00:37:23,333 in the animal kingdom. 847 00:37:23,333 --> 00:37:26,292 They can use tools and actively evaluate 848 00:37:26,292 --> 00:37:29,417 how to solve problems by thinking them over. 849 00:37:29,417 --> 00:37:33,375 Our experts examine if we have more in common 850 00:37:33,375 --> 00:37:35,833 with our feathered friends than we thought. 851 00:37:35,833 --> 00:37:38,875 [suspenseful music] 852 00:37:40,125 --> 00:37:42,417 First, wildlife biologist Stephanie Manka 853 00:37:42,417 --> 00:37:44,125 considers if the man in the clip 854 00:37:44,125 --> 00:37:46,208 could truly be a crow whisperer. 855 00:37:46,208 --> 00:37:51,208 - I don't think this man is speaking the language of crows. 856 00:37:51,208 --> 00:37:55,083 Language is more complex. 857 00:37:55,083 --> 00:37:59,333 There are communications that animals use with each other, 858 00:37:59,333 --> 00:38:02,625 but it's incorrect to call it language. 859 00:38:02,625 --> 00:38:04,542 - [Tony] Most agree that language can be defined 860 00:38:04,542 --> 00:38:06,375 as a system of communication 861 00:38:06,375 --> 00:38:09,583 consisting of sounds, words, and grammar. 862 00:38:09,583 --> 00:38:12,042 But Manka says animal communications 863 00:38:12,042 --> 00:38:14,333 are classified as call systems, 864 00:38:14,333 --> 00:38:16,458 which are patterned forms of communication 865 00:38:16,458 --> 00:38:17,917 that express meaning. 866 00:38:17,917 --> 00:38:21,250 - It's possible that he knows some sort of crow call 867 00:38:21,250 --> 00:38:22,833 that indicates something, 868 00:38:22,833 --> 00:38:26,208 danger, get out of that area, or there's food in this area, 869 00:38:26,208 --> 00:38:27,417 when they're calling to each other. 870 00:38:27,417 --> 00:38:28,583 - [Tony] Manka says these crows 871 00:38:28,583 --> 00:38:31,167 may recognize this guy specifically, 872 00:38:31,167 --> 00:38:33,958 since they can remember individual humans 873 00:38:33,958 --> 00:38:35,333 and what they do. 874 00:38:35,333 --> 00:38:38,083 In fact, someone recently shared a story on Reddit 875 00:38:38,083 --> 00:38:40,458 of how in early 2023, 876 00:38:40,458 --> 00:38:43,292 a family of crows got so mad at him for moving 877 00:38:43,292 --> 00:38:45,708 that the birds' 200 strong flock 878 00:38:45,708 --> 00:38:47,875 flew to the dealership where he worked 879 00:38:47,875 --> 00:38:50,833 and covered all the brand new cars in poop. 880 00:38:50,833 --> 00:38:55,250 - In 2011, there was a study in Washington State 881 00:38:55,250 --> 00:38:58,958 to see if crows could recognize faces. 882 00:38:58,958 --> 00:39:02,750 Researchers thought that when they initially captured crows 883 00:39:02,750 --> 00:39:05,375 for research, that crow wouldn't be hostile. 884 00:39:05,375 --> 00:39:08,083 Some researchers have gone as far as to wear 885 00:39:08,083 --> 00:39:11,333 ridiculous masks so the crows wouldn't recognize them. 886 00:39:11,333 --> 00:39:12,417 - [Tony] On the flip side, 887 00:39:12,417 --> 00:39:14,792 they can also recognize friendliness. 888 00:39:14,792 --> 00:39:16,542 Could that be what we're seeing here? 889 00:39:16,542 --> 00:39:20,042 - They are not acting with hostility towards this man. 890 00:39:20,042 --> 00:39:21,375 It also doesn't seem like 891 00:39:21,375 --> 00:39:24,792 they are trying to get him out of their area. 892 00:39:24,792 --> 00:39:27,292 So in this case, it just seems like they're flying overhead, 893 00:39:27,292 --> 00:39:29,042 searching for food. 894 00:39:29,042 --> 00:39:32,500 - [Tony] Dr. Ed Hope wonders if Manka may be onto something. 895 00:39:32,500 --> 00:39:33,958 - One of the possibilities is 896 00:39:33,958 --> 00:39:36,542 that there's some Pavlovian conditioning going on here. 897 00:39:36,542 --> 00:39:39,917 So maybe they've been fed in this area before, 898 00:39:39,917 --> 00:39:42,625 or maybe they've heard a call like this before 899 00:39:42,625 --> 00:39:44,583 and then been fed afterwards. 900 00:39:44,583 --> 00:39:46,750 - [Tony] Hope says the location of this video 901 00:39:46,750 --> 00:39:48,750 may provide an essential clue. 902 00:39:48,750 --> 00:39:50,875 - This is taking place within India 903 00:39:50,875 --> 00:39:54,458 where the feeding of crows is a very common thing to do. 904 00:39:54,458 --> 00:39:58,042 During swada, the offering of food or penda 905 00:39:58,042 --> 00:40:00,458 is also still in vogue. 906 00:40:00,458 --> 00:40:03,375 There's a huge local population of crows 907 00:40:03,375 --> 00:40:05,708 that know they'll be getting food. 908 00:40:05,708 --> 00:40:07,667 - [Tony] But after reviewing the video again, 909 00:40:07,667 --> 00:40:10,667 Dr. Hope isn't sure that explains everything. 910 00:40:10,667 --> 00:40:11,833 - I think the explanation here 911 00:40:11,833 --> 00:40:15,417 is that he is mimicking the call so well, 912 00:40:15,417 --> 00:40:16,958 and once a few are interested, 913 00:40:16,958 --> 00:40:21,000 get this big flock trying to figure out what's going on. 914 00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:24,042 [suspenseful music] 915 00:40:25,167 --> 00:40:26,042 - Our verdict? 916 00:40:26,042 --> 00:40:28,375 This is another kind of UAP, 917 00:40:28,375 --> 00:40:31,167 an unexplained avian phenomenon. 918 00:40:31,167 --> 00:40:34,833 Dr. Hope thinks the crows are curious at the man's mimicry, 919 00:40:34,833 --> 00:40:38,375 and Stephanie Manka thinks he may be offering them food, 920 00:40:38,375 --> 00:40:40,167 but the locals clearly believe 921 00:40:40,167 --> 00:40:41,542 this man has some kind of special 922 00:40:41,542 --> 00:40:43,208 connection to these birds. 923 00:40:43,208 --> 00:40:45,458 Since we can't speak to the crows, 924 00:40:45,458 --> 00:40:47,250 it's impossible to say for sure 925 00:40:47,250 --> 00:40:49,750 how or why they felt summoned. 926 00:40:49,750 --> 00:40:51,292 And that's our show for tonight. 927 00:40:51,292 --> 00:40:53,042 Thank you so much for watching. 928 00:40:53,042 --> 00:40:57,542 And remember, keep those cameras rolling. 929 00:40:57,542 --> 00:41:00,667 [suspenseful music]