1 00:00:06,173 --> 00:00:07,723 [camera shutters clicking] 2 00:00:08,717 --> 00:00:09,927 [man] The dream's over. 3 00:00:14,348 --> 00:00:17,268 {\an8}-[man 2] In 1971... -[woman] Music said something. 4 00:00:25,734 --> 00:00:27,324 [protestors chant] 5 00:00:27,402 --> 00:00:29,112 [woman] The world was changing. 6 00:00:31,073 --> 00:00:34,833 {\an8}[man 3] We were creating the 21st century in 1971. 7 00:00:56,723 --> 00:01:01,523 [rock music playing] 8 00:01:14,199 --> 00:01:17,409 {\an8}[man] In England back then, no one spoke when they got stoned. 9 00:01:18,620 --> 00:01:23,000 {\an8}You could sit in a room with 12 people for three hours, listen to music. 10 00:01:23,083 --> 00:01:26,673 They'd all leave, and you would have had no idea who any of them were. 11 00:01:31,216 --> 00:01:33,426 {\an8}I remember I went to a flat in Battersea, 12 00:01:33,510 --> 00:01:36,600 and one of them had a friend of his over, 13 00:01:36,680 --> 00:01:41,560 and it was a guy in long hair who looked like Lauren Bacall, 14 00:01:41,643 --> 00:01:45,903 who rolled the most perfect five-paper hash joints I've ever seen in my life. 15 00:01:48,066 --> 00:01:52,196 I tell you this story because this was Bowie, okay... 16 00:01:52,279 --> 00:01:53,949 and I didn't know who he was. 17 00:01:55,866 --> 00:02:00,906 In 1971 in London, I don't think Bowie was Bowie... yet. 18 00:02:02,289 --> 00:02:06,339 {\an8}I didn't really feel like a rock singer or a rock star or whatever. 19 00:02:06,418 --> 00:02:09,418 {\an8}There was a real feeling of inadequacy in that era. 20 00:02:10,380 --> 00:02:14,510 But I was so single-minded about doing what I wanted to do, 21 00:02:14,593 --> 00:02:16,853 and it really was looking for something new. 22 00:02:16,929 --> 00:02:20,929 What do I wanna see on a stage that would really make me excited? 23 00:02:21,934 --> 00:02:25,524 And it just seemed to be interesting, at that time, 24 00:02:25,604 --> 00:02:28,444 to try and devise something radically different. 25 00:02:28,524 --> 00:02:31,864 Because there was a kind of, um, hardening of the arteries in England. 26 00:02:36,156 --> 00:02:39,366 [woman] I want to love this country, because this is my husband's country 27 00:02:39,451 --> 00:02:41,371 and I think it is a very interesting country. 28 00:02:41,787 --> 00:02:46,787 But you're so nostalgic, you know, and you are always talking about the past, 29 00:02:46,875 --> 00:02:48,285 but we have to live in the present, 30 00:02:48,377 --> 00:02:50,167 and you can burn the past. 31 00:02:50,546 --> 00:02:52,546 Excuse me, sir, the West German economics minister has said that-- 32 00:02:52,631 --> 00:02:54,171 -Oh, I'm sorry, no. -You're a bit rushed, are you? 33 00:02:54,258 --> 00:02:56,298 [interviewer] Excuse me, sir. The-- The West German economics minister 34 00:02:56,385 --> 00:02:58,255 has said that British businessmen who wear bowlers 35 00:02:58,345 --> 00:03:01,845 tend to be rather too traditional in their business method. Would you agree? 36 00:03:01,932 --> 00:03:03,432 [chuckles] I don't think so, no. 37 00:03:03,517 --> 00:03:05,347 Do you think that if we do go to the common market, 38 00:03:05,435 --> 00:03:07,395 we would have to drop our bowler hat image? 39 00:03:07,479 --> 00:03:08,769 No, I don't think so at all. 40 00:03:09,398 --> 00:03:12,278 Um, he said that pe-- British business-- businessmen who wore bowler hats are-- 41 00:03:12,359 --> 00:03:14,319 What the hell is it to do with you? Get out! 42 00:03:14,403 --> 00:03:18,123 {\an8}["Open Your Box" playing] 43 00:03:43,098 --> 00:03:45,848 [interviewer] Can I put something to both of you about this creative phase 44 00:03:45,934 --> 00:03:47,444 that you're both going through at present? 45 00:03:47,519 --> 00:03:49,479 I think you've got to accept, especially you, John, 46 00:03:49,563 --> 00:03:53,233 that it's alienated you from the people who originally loved you in this country. 47 00:03:53,317 --> 00:03:54,317 -[Lennon] A lot of them? -Yes. 48 00:03:54,401 --> 00:03:56,281 I think they don't understand you anymore. 49 00:03:56,361 --> 00:03:59,201 [screaming] 50 00:04:05,454 --> 00:04:08,214 {\an8}John and Yoko were just considered weirdos. 51 00:04:08,290 --> 00:04:11,290 {\an8}People were deeply suspicious of them. 52 00:04:11,376 --> 00:04:16,456 {\an8}It was part of that feeling that the whole counterculture was being put on trial. 53 00:04:17,841 --> 00:04:23,141 What I feared was that the establishment was gonna claw back youth culture 54 00:04:23,222 --> 00:04:25,142 to where it had been pre-Beatles. 55 00:04:25,224 --> 00:04:30,104 And that we'd go back to everything being nice and safe and middle-of-the-road. 56 00:04:30,687 --> 00:04:35,897 I had to encourage people not to feel nostalgic and wistful about the '60s. 57 00:04:35,984 --> 00:04:39,284 That's not good at all. You've got to make now happen. 58 00:04:54,169 --> 00:04:56,919 [man] At that time I was 15 years old. 59 00:04:57,756 --> 00:05:01,216 {\an8}I was just trying to work out where do I fit in, you know? 60 00:05:01,969 --> 00:05:04,299 {\an8}[man, through megaphone] This is the National Front. 61 00:05:04,388 --> 00:05:09,978 The party that says, "Put Britain and the British people first." 62 00:05:10,060 --> 00:05:14,190 [Letts] I was a first-generation British-born Black youth. 63 00:05:14,273 --> 00:05:18,033 And the graffiti back then would be, like, six-foot white letters: 64 00:05:18,110 --> 00:05:20,490 "Keep Britain white." 65 00:05:20,571 --> 00:05:23,121 And you'd walk past this stuff every day. 66 00:05:25,659 --> 00:05:28,749 I'd grown up with civil rights in America. 67 00:05:28,829 --> 00:05:30,829 But we obviously weren't American. 68 00:05:30,914 --> 00:05:33,674 I was of the age, you know, when music and style was really important. 69 00:05:33,750 --> 00:05:37,300 So we're looking for our own version through the music we had access to. 70 00:05:38,255 --> 00:05:40,165 And we looked to the land of our parents. 71 00:05:41,341 --> 00:05:44,141 [reggae music playing] 72 00:05:48,724 --> 00:05:51,274 {\an8}♪ One good thing about music ♪ 73 00:05:51,351 --> 00:05:53,771 {\an8}-♪ When it hits you ♪ -♪ You feel no pain ♪ 74 00:05:53,854 --> 00:05:55,564 {\an8}♪ Oh, oh, I say ♪ 75 00:05:55,647 --> 00:05:58,437 {\an8}♪ One good thing about music When it hits you ♪ 76 00:05:58,525 --> 00:06:01,355 ♪ You feel no pain ♪ 77 00:06:01,445 --> 00:06:07,445 {\an8}♪ Hit me with music, yeah Hit me with music now ♪ 78 00:06:07,534 --> 00:06:09,704 {\an8}-♪ This is ♪ -♪ Trench town rock ♪ 79 00:06:09,786 --> 00:06:11,406 {\an8}♪ Don't watch that ♪ 80 00:06:11,496 --> 00:06:12,656 {\an8}♪ Trench town rock ♪ 81 00:06:12,748 --> 00:06:14,878 ♪ Big fish or sprat now ♪ 82 00:06:14,958 --> 00:06:18,298 -♪ Trench town rock ♪ -♪ You reap what you sow ♪ 83 00:06:18,378 --> 00:06:21,628 -♪ Trench town rock ♪ -♪ And only Jah, Jah know ♪ 84 00:06:21,715 --> 00:06:24,885 -♪ Trench town rock ♪ -♪ I'd never turn my back ♪ 85 00:06:24,968 --> 00:06:26,638 -♪ Trench town rock ♪ -♪ I'd give the slum a try ♪ 86 00:06:26,720 --> 00:06:29,890 [male reporter] It is a music born of intense human suffering, 87 00:06:29,973 --> 00:06:35,103 in another land, among a people with revolution on their side. 88 00:06:35,187 --> 00:06:38,477 -♪ Groovin' ♪ -♪ It's Kingston 12 ♪ 89 00:06:38,565 --> 00:06:41,685 -♪ Groovin' ♪ -♪ It's Kingston 12 ♪ 90 00:06:43,195 --> 00:06:46,275 {\an8}[man] Music is good, you know? Music is soothing, but... 91 00:06:46,365 --> 00:06:50,615 {\an8}we're dealing with now, reggae music, Rasta music. 92 00:06:51,703 --> 00:06:55,123 This music is a dangerous music. 93 00:06:55,207 --> 00:06:56,577 ♪ You want come cold I up ♪ 94 00:06:56,667 --> 00:06:58,837 ♪ Ska-ba-dibby-dip Ska-ba-doop, ska-ba-doop ♪ 95 00:06:58,919 --> 00:07:03,629 [Marley] I don't see which music get the type of fight that reggae music get. 96 00:07:03,715 --> 00:07:08,255 Why they don't like to play it is because it educating the people to be themself. 97 00:07:10,681 --> 00:07:14,271 Reggae is a music that fight for the oppressed people 98 00:07:14,351 --> 00:07:15,891 anywhere upon the earth. 99 00:07:17,771 --> 00:07:19,231 It show them freedom. 100 00:07:19,314 --> 00:07:21,864 ♪ You feel no pain ♪ 101 00:07:21,942 --> 00:07:27,912 ♪ Hit me with music now, oh, now Hit me with music now ♪ 102 00:07:27,990 --> 00:07:32,240 {\an8}In the late '60s, early '70s, there wasn't a lot of Jamaican music on the radio. 103 00:07:32,327 --> 00:07:37,167 {\an8}You realized the establishment was trying to squash these alternative voices. 104 00:07:37,249 --> 00:07:39,629 [male interviewer] People always talk about how difficult it is 105 00:07:39,710 --> 00:07:41,800 to get reggae records played on the radio, 106 00:07:41,879 --> 00:07:44,259 but did you find there is definitely a sort of a hostility against the music? 107 00:07:44,339 --> 00:07:47,339 {\an8}Let's be honest, I mean, it's difficult getting any record played on the BBC, 108 00:07:47,426 --> 00:07:49,386 {\an8}let alone whether it be reggae or anything else. 109 00:07:49,469 --> 00:07:52,139 Every other form of music has-- has their own program, 110 00:07:52,222 --> 00:07:54,352 whereas reggae doesn't have its own program on the radio. 111 00:07:54,433 --> 00:07:57,023 {\an8}You don't get that three or four plays 112 00:07:57,102 --> 00:08:01,022 {\an8}that would let the people decide whether they want it or not. 113 00:08:01,106 --> 00:08:03,526 {\an8}If our music had an open door, 114 00:08:03,609 --> 00:08:08,909 {\an8}like, let's say, a freeway, we could be wide in any part of the world. 115 00:08:08,989 --> 00:08:10,949 Because we are class, we have class music. 116 00:08:11,033 --> 00:08:13,373 {\an8}♪ Sun is shining ♪ 117 00:08:13,452 --> 00:08:16,412 {\an8}♪ The weather is sweet, yeah ♪ 118 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:22,540 {\an8}♪ Make you want to move Your dancing feet ♪ 119 00:08:22,628 --> 00:08:24,298 [Letts] Reggae was in the fringes, 120 00:08:24,379 --> 00:08:28,429 but it started to give us a kind of equity with our white mates. 121 00:08:29,343 --> 00:08:31,393 Kind of showed us a way forward. 122 00:08:31,470 --> 00:08:33,760 ♪ Want you to know ya ♪ 123 00:08:33,847 --> 00:08:36,097 I grew up with this kind of weird duality. 124 00:08:36,183 --> 00:08:39,853 Growing up in a Black community as I did, you don't listen to rock music. 125 00:08:39,937 --> 00:08:43,687 But I never really thought about why it was that I liked certain music. 126 00:08:43,774 --> 00:08:45,824 All I know is it resonated with me. 127 00:08:45,901 --> 00:08:48,401 So at home I had reggae coming in one ear, 128 00:08:48,487 --> 00:08:52,067 but going to school I was listening to the Stones, the Kinks and the Beatles. 129 00:08:52,157 --> 00:08:55,907 And in 1971, 15 years old, I saw the Who. 130 00:08:55,994 --> 00:09:00,374 This is a very different sonic experiment to what I'm used to. You gotta dig it. 131 00:09:00,457 --> 00:09:02,327 I'm, like, 15 feet from the stage. 132 00:09:02,417 --> 00:09:06,417 I'm seeing this thing explode in front of me, and it was life-changing. 133 00:09:06,505 --> 00:09:10,215 ["See Me, Feel Me/ Listening to You" playing] 134 00:09:20,352 --> 00:09:24,522 Who are the Who? Well, the Who are the Who, that's who they are. 135 00:09:27,985 --> 00:09:30,275 [male reporter] The Who stood for the young generation. 136 00:09:30,362 --> 00:09:32,612 They stood for rebellion, for noise, 137 00:09:32,698 --> 00:09:37,578 and also for a seriousness about what they themselves took seriously: rock. 138 00:09:38,579 --> 00:09:41,999 Pete Townshend. He writes the songs. He wrote Tommy. 139 00:09:42,916 --> 00:09:45,416 {\an8}Tommy was incredibly difficult to follow, you know? 140 00:09:45,502 --> 00:09:46,962 {\an8}It was huge. 141 00:09:47,045 --> 00:09:50,165 It changed us, but it left us with another big job, you know? 142 00:09:50,257 --> 00:09:51,797 Which was, "What do we do next?" 143 00:09:51,884 --> 00:09:54,684 [male interviewer] Have you done anything very special 144 00:09:54,761 --> 00:09:56,851 with the money that you've now accumulated? 145 00:09:57,681 --> 00:10:00,101 [Townshend] The only thing that I've done of merit really 146 00:10:00,184 --> 00:10:01,894 is to build myself a studio. 147 00:10:02,728 --> 00:10:06,108 Which is, like, absolutely the biggest single thing in my life 148 00:10:06,190 --> 00:10:07,690 next to the group, you know? 149 00:10:08,483 --> 00:10:14,573 It enables me to channel all the best of my individual ideas. 150 00:10:14,656 --> 00:10:19,116 {\an8}[man] It's the same with any creative soul who has huge success. 151 00:10:19,203 --> 00:10:21,833 {\an8}Once you've achieved that, it's, "How the hell do I go on? 152 00:10:21,914 --> 00:10:23,464 {\an8}What do I do now?" 153 00:10:23,540 --> 00:10:27,840 The changes that were going on in the recording process in 1971 154 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:31,010 gave you more flexibility in the manner in which you recorded. 155 00:10:31,089 --> 00:10:32,509 And Pete exploited it. 156 00:10:32,591 --> 00:10:37,551 [Townshend] I've always felt that maybe I took rock too seriously, 157 00:10:37,638 --> 00:10:42,058 but it's hard to really figure out why I feel so strongly, 158 00:10:42,142 --> 00:10:44,142 why I feel so involved. 159 00:10:44,228 --> 00:10:47,518 And committed to rock as a sort of a, if you'd like, 160 00:10:47,606 --> 00:10:49,726 a society changer. You know? 161 00:10:49,816 --> 00:10:55,526 I'd heard about synthesizers. I'd heard about music computers. 162 00:10:55,614 --> 00:10:58,664 And I could see this new revolution coming. 163 00:11:01,620 --> 00:11:05,290 [male interviewer] You've written about the world of electronic all-at-onceness. 164 00:11:05,374 --> 00:11:07,714 The global village in which everybody is gathered together 165 00:11:07,793 --> 00:11:10,713 by means of television or the-- the new electronic media. 166 00:11:11,463 --> 00:11:14,343 {\an8}[man] The way this machine works is... 167 00:11:14,424 --> 00:11:19,814 {\an8}you set up these little switches to a pattern, and then you turn it on. 168 00:11:19,888 --> 00:11:23,518 {\an8}And it plays a tune according to whatever pattern you set up. 169 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:26,770 Every home is going to have a computer, 170 00:11:26,854 --> 00:11:29,774 {\an8}and you'll have access to all the films, and all the entertainment 171 00:11:29,857 --> 00:11:31,727 {\an8}and all the information that ever was. 172 00:11:31,817 --> 00:11:33,737 {\an8}Electronics is the most appropriate 173 00:11:33,819 --> 00:11:36,609 {\an8}technological material of the 20th century. 174 00:11:36,697 --> 00:11:39,157 {\an8}And there's no reason why musicians of the 20th century 175 00:11:39,241 --> 00:11:41,371 shouldn't utilize electronic instruments. 176 00:11:44,121 --> 00:11:47,921 {\an8}I believe that electronic treatment by the improvising musicians 177 00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:52,590 is the wave of the future, most probably the music of the '70s. 178 00:11:54,381 --> 00:11:58,051 {\an8}[Townshend] At the time I was working on a very, very ambitious piece 179 00:11:58,135 --> 00:12:00,545 {\an8}called Lifehouse, which was gonna be a movie. 180 00:12:02,806 --> 00:12:08,226 {\an8}It was a dystopian idea about the way that media, electronics 181 00:12:08,312 --> 00:12:11,482 {\an8}and technology would change society. 182 00:12:12,482 --> 00:12:16,652 I imagined this world in which there was incredible pollution, 183 00:12:16,737 --> 00:12:19,567 incredible difficulty with living in the outside world. 184 00:12:19,656 --> 00:12:22,026 And so what the government did is it stuck us in our houses, 185 00:12:22,117 --> 00:12:26,707 and then fed us entertainment to keep us happy 186 00:12:26,788 --> 00:12:29,288 while they cleaned up the air. 187 00:12:29,374 --> 00:12:33,924 [woman] I start watching television at 4:30 until about 12 o'clock. 188 00:12:34,004 --> 00:12:35,804 And then I go to bed. 189 00:12:35,881 --> 00:12:40,011 That's all my entertainment really. That's the only thing I've got. 190 00:12:40,677 --> 00:12:42,387 [Townshend] I called it "the grid." 191 00:12:42,471 --> 00:12:47,431 This global communication system where everybody would be fed similar stuff... 192 00:12:47,518 --> 00:12:49,598 The human brain is an electrical machine. 193 00:12:49,686 --> 00:12:54,856 ...that would be surreptitiously policed and censored. 194 00:12:54,942 --> 00:12:57,612 [man] The data bank that's got your complete medical history, 195 00:12:57,694 --> 00:13:00,744 your complete financial history, your parking tickets, everything in it. 196 00:13:00,822 --> 00:13:04,742 This is a, a pretty, uh, appalling thing to contemplate. 197 00:13:04,826 --> 00:13:08,866 [Townshend] Once they got us in and they were feeding us the programs, 198 00:13:08,956 --> 00:13:11,786 we would imagine that we had access to everything 199 00:13:11,875 --> 00:13:16,335 because of its richness, and its persuasiveness and its beauty. 200 00:13:16,421 --> 00:13:18,381 [McLuhan] The whole Western world is taking an inner trip, 201 00:13:18,465 --> 00:13:20,835 only this time wide awake. 202 00:13:20,926 --> 00:13:22,846 We're all technologically stoned. 203 00:13:22,928 --> 00:13:25,758 [Townshend] It was an anticipation of the idea 204 00:13:25,848 --> 00:13:29,728 that everything would go wrong, but that music would prevail. 205 00:13:32,688 --> 00:13:36,858 {\an8}[Johns] He'd sent me a bunch of demos and a script 206 00:13:36,942 --> 00:13:40,742 {\an8}for a film that he wanted to make called Lifehouse. 207 00:13:41,655 --> 00:13:45,695 I read the script, and I'm-- I didn't re-- I didn't really understand it. 208 00:13:45,784 --> 00:13:49,714 And it turns out that no one else in the room did either. 209 00:13:50,789 --> 00:13:56,209 [Townshend] A few too many people went, "This is bollocks, and he's mad." 210 00:13:56,295 --> 00:13:58,755 I couldn't sell this idea to the band. 211 00:13:59,923 --> 00:14:03,093 [Johns] The music that he'd written was extremely innovative, 212 00:14:03,177 --> 00:14:05,717 using a synthesizer in that manner. 213 00:14:05,804 --> 00:14:08,724 I thought that we should make an album anyway. 214 00:14:10,726 --> 00:14:15,686 There was some difficultly in translating what Pete had captured on his demos 215 00:14:15,772 --> 00:14:17,772 and the Who making it the Who. 216 00:14:17,858 --> 00:14:20,858 [Townshend] People in the band, particularly Keith and Roger, 217 00:14:20,944 --> 00:14:24,244 always wanted to write the way that other bands wrote, you know. 218 00:14:24,323 --> 00:14:26,033 "We sit round, man, and we jam." 219 00:14:27,326 --> 00:14:31,706 [Johns] I took the 8-track tape and stole his synthesizer recording off of it. 220 00:14:31,788 --> 00:14:34,878 [Townshend] And then I cut it up and started to turn it into a song. 221 00:14:34,958 --> 00:14:37,418 You know, with scissors I cut it into something. 222 00:14:37,503 --> 00:14:39,213 And then Glyn Johns cut it again, 223 00:14:39,296 --> 00:14:42,416 and then we added drums and guitars, and then I wrote this lyric. 224 00:14:42,508 --> 00:14:44,928 ["Baba O'Riley" playing] 225 00:14:46,345 --> 00:14:48,305 And we got it closer and closer to something 226 00:14:48,388 --> 00:14:51,228 that started to feel like a four-minute rock song. 227 00:14:51,308 --> 00:14:54,348 [Johns] I played it in to the band on the earphones, 228 00:14:54,436 --> 00:14:59,066 and the band played along with the synthesizer that had been prerecorded. 229 00:15:16,875 --> 00:15:19,165 ♪ Out here in the fields ♪ 230 00:15:21,129 --> 00:15:23,629 ♪ I fight for my meals ♪ 231 00:15:25,843 --> 00:15:30,263 ♪ I get my back into my living ♪ 232 00:15:34,434 --> 00:15:36,604 ♪ I don't need to fight ♪ 233 00:15:38,647 --> 00:15:41,067 ♪ To prove I'm right ♪ 234 00:15:43,277 --> 00:15:47,447 ♪ I don't need to be forgiven ♪ 235 00:15:47,531 --> 00:15:50,911 ♪ Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah ♪ 236 00:16:20,564 --> 00:16:24,534 ♪ Don't cry ♪ 237 00:16:24,610 --> 00:16:28,320 ♪ Don't raise your eye ♪ 238 00:16:29,198 --> 00:16:36,038 ♪ It's only teenage wasteland ♪ 239 00:16:38,081 --> 00:16:40,461 [song plays through recording] 240 00:16:40,542 --> 00:16:42,212 {\an8}[Nightingale] It was becoming increasingly difficult 241 00:16:42,294 --> 00:16:45,514 {\an8}to make something original with guitar, bass and drums. 242 00:16:45,589 --> 00:16:47,759 {\an8}Traditional instruments. 243 00:16:48,592 --> 00:16:50,892 The people who had the vision and technology 244 00:16:50,969 --> 00:16:56,479 were the people who were going to become the creative pioneers of that time. 245 00:16:56,558 --> 00:16:59,978 You could be making sounds that nobody had heard before. 246 00:17:00,062 --> 00:17:03,112 -[recording stops] -[tape flaps in reel] 247 00:17:07,277 --> 00:17:09,027 {\an8}[male radio host] You're listening to BBC Radio London 248 00:17:09,112 --> 00:17:12,532 {\an8}on this, uh, Tuesday, 29th of June, and it's 20 minutes to six. 249 00:17:14,409 --> 00:17:17,659 [man] There's a trial going on where people are actually being threatened 250 00:17:17,746 --> 00:17:23,246 with a prison sentence for allowing a number of children to express themselves. 251 00:17:23,335 --> 00:17:25,085 This is the swing of the pendulum, isn't it? 252 00:17:25,170 --> 00:17:28,170 It's the Victorian age after the Regency age. 253 00:17:28,257 --> 00:17:30,927 We have probably reached the end of the swing of the pendulum. 254 00:17:31,009 --> 00:17:33,429 Because you pushed things just a little bit too far, 255 00:17:33,512 --> 00:17:36,062 the free atmosphere is beginning to feel the pinch. 256 00:17:49,653 --> 00:17:53,453 {\an8}[man] The Oz trial was the trial of the '60s. 257 00:17:53,532 --> 00:17:55,992 {\an8}All those dreadful things that happened. 258 00:17:56,076 --> 00:17:59,076 The dope, rock 'n' roll and fucking in the streets 259 00:17:59,162 --> 00:18:02,672 was the... [laughs] the claim of the prosecution 260 00:18:02,749 --> 00:18:05,999 that Oz was the standard-bearer for. 261 00:18:07,171 --> 00:18:11,881 Attempt to debauch the morals of young persons within the realm. 262 00:18:14,761 --> 00:18:16,891 It was a very serious charge. 263 00:18:25,397 --> 00:18:30,857 {\an8}[Greenfield] Oz took an innocent, sweet English tradition and made it pernicious. 264 00:18:30,944 --> 00:18:35,574 They took Rupert the Bear and they made him into a sexual predator. 265 00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:38,910 And for this, they had to be punished. 266 00:18:39,870 --> 00:18:42,160 [bell tolling] 267 00:18:42,247 --> 00:18:47,247 It was quite a production, you know, to go to the Old Bailey every day. 268 00:18:47,336 --> 00:18:50,546 It was incredibly dignified, and, of course, they're wearing wigs. 269 00:18:51,215 --> 00:18:53,545 Everybody speaking was so highborn 270 00:18:53,634 --> 00:18:57,434 that whatever they said sounded like an invitation for afternoon tea. 271 00:18:59,348 --> 00:19:04,438 {\an8}[woman] We would all arrive at the court, and Louise and I would sit in the back. 272 00:19:04,520 --> 00:19:08,230 {\an8}There'd be the public gallery, always packed. 273 00:19:08,315 --> 00:19:12,945 And it was actually very tense and very strained a lot of the time. 274 00:19:13,028 --> 00:19:15,778 And then there were times when it was just hilarious. [chuckles] 275 00:19:15,864 --> 00:19:17,574 There were these odd things happening. 276 00:19:17,658 --> 00:19:20,948 Quite a lot of attention was paid to a tiny, small ad 277 00:19:21,036 --> 00:19:25,116 that I'd never even noticed for a newspaper called Suck. 278 00:19:25,791 --> 00:19:30,001 It had a description of cunnilingus. A woman saying she enjoyed it. 279 00:19:30,879 --> 00:19:35,969 {\an8}[Robertson] Our expert on sociology was asked actually by Judge Argyle, 280 00:19:36,051 --> 00:19:40,641 {\an8}"What did you mean by this word 'cunnilinctus'?" 281 00:19:40,722 --> 00:19:43,642 He was pronouncing it as though it was a cough medicine. 282 00:19:43,725 --> 00:19:49,645 And, uh, he said, "Sucking, my Lord, or 'blowing' or 'going down.' 283 00:19:49,731 --> 00:19:55,651 Or in my naval days, my Lord, we used the phrase, 'yodeling in the canyon.'" 284 00:19:56,488 --> 00:19:59,028 {\an8}[man] The trial wore on and on and on and on. 285 00:19:59,116 --> 00:20:02,326 {\an8}Everybody had talked themselves to a standstill, I think. 286 00:20:02,411 --> 00:20:05,711 And so it came to an end with the concluding speeches. 287 00:20:05,789 --> 00:20:07,039 [gavel raps] 288 00:20:07,124 --> 00:20:12,504 And from the moment the judge began, he treated our witnesses with contempt. 289 00:20:12,588 --> 00:20:16,258 Didn't relay to the jury accurately the evidence that they'd given. 290 00:20:16,341 --> 00:20:17,971 It just went on and on. 291 00:20:18,051 --> 00:20:20,891 {\an8}[Greenfield] It was apparent to everybody who sat in the courtroom 292 00:20:20,971 --> 00:20:23,721 {\an8}that that judge, he just hated them. 293 00:20:23,807 --> 00:20:26,807 There was a fundamentalist kind of movement 294 00:20:26,894 --> 00:20:30,774 to bring back traditional values in purity and cleanliness 295 00:20:30,856 --> 00:20:32,516 and get rid of Oz magazine. 296 00:20:32,608 --> 00:20:36,398 And he was railroading them into jail any way he could. 297 00:20:41,617 --> 00:20:43,947 [male reporter] The end of this five-week trial, 298 00:20:44,036 --> 00:20:47,956 the longest obscenity hearing in British legal history, came just before lunchtime. 299 00:20:48,540 --> 00:20:51,380 The establishment hails the verdict as a long-overdue victory 300 00:20:51,460 --> 00:20:52,960 for the forces of good. 301 00:20:53,045 --> 00:20:54,955 To the young, it is a catastrophe, 302 00:20:55,047 --> 00:20:57,507 and they express their anger and frustration 303 00:20:57,591 --> 00:21:00,341 in a pagan ritual of noise and fire. 304 00:21:00,427 --> 00:21:03,257 ["Children of the Grave" playing] 305 00:21:26,954 --> 00:21:29,504 {\an8}[Anderson] I'd never for a moment thought 306 00:21:29,581 --> 00:21:32,421 {\an8}that we would go to jail for what we had done. 307 00:21:33,627 --> 00:21:36,377 And Judge Argyle had instructed the jailers 308 00:21:36,463 --> 00:21:38,093 that our hair would be cut off. 309 00:21:38,924 --> 00:21:41,014 And there was outrage. 310 00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:44,510 We realized that we were into something very serious, 311 00:21:44,596 --> 00:21:46,516 and we had very little money, 312 00:21:46,598 --> 00:21:50,098 {\an8}so the connection with John Lennon was made use of. 313 00:21:50,686 --> 00:21:54,726 He suggested he would write something for Oz, write a song. 314 00:21:54,815 --> 00:21:57,685 [Lennon] We think it's just disgusting fascism. 315 00:21:57,776 --> 00:22:01,026 {\an8}And, uh, "God Save Us" will help pay for their costs 316 00:22:01,113 --> 00:22:03,033 {\an8}or whatever kind of bread they need. 317 00:22:03,115 --> 00:22:07,575 I think we could get, uh, a few thousand pounds out of that record. 318 00:22:07,661 --> 00:22:10,711 So, uh, buy it, folks, just to help Oz. 319 00:22:10,789 --> 00:22:12,419 And give it to your kid sister or something, 320 00:22:12,499 --> 00:22:15,919 or keep it for a souvenir of an old trick. 321 00:22:20,465 --> 00:22:23,585 {\an8}[no audible dialogue] 322 00:22:30,809 --> 00:22:32,229 ♪ Do the oz ♪ 323 00:22:34,479 --> 00:22:37,399 -♪ Do the oz ♪ -♪ Whoo ♪ 324 00:22:38,317 --> 00:22:41,857 -♪ Do the oz, babe ♪ -[vocalizing] 325 00:22:41,945 --> 00:22:44,025 ♪ Do the oz ♪ 326 00:22:45,282 --> 00:22:47,492 [male interviewer] Why do you think they should have been sentenced? 327 00:22:47,576 --> 00:22:50,246 Well, I think it's an example to everybody else. [stammers] 328 00:22:50,329 --> 00:22:53,619 Everything is becoming far too permissive, there's no privacy. 329 00:22:53,707 --> 00:22:55,327 [male interviewer] What's your reaction to the verdict? 330 00:22:55,417 --> 00:22:56,627 I think they asked for it. 331 00:22:56,710 --> 00:22:59,840 My reaction is that they should've been put in prison and kept there. 332 00:23:01,089 --> 00:23:03,379 [Anderson] The shit really had hit the fan. 333 00:23:03,467 --> 00:23:07,597 John Lennon and Yoko Ono were demonstrating against the verdict. 334 00:23:07,679 --> 00:23:11,059 Nobody had ever been sent to prison for such small offenses. 335 00:23:11,141 --> 00:23:12,561 We appealed immediately. 336 00:23:12,643 --> 00:23:15,903 [song continues through megaphone] 337 00:23:15,979 --> 00:23:18,819 [Greenfield] It definitely was a road mark for England. 338 00:23:19,733 --> 00:23:24,663 You could've disapproved of what they did, but you wanted to imprison them. 339 00:23:24,738 --> 00:23:29,618 You are trying to suppress something that you have no control over. 340 00:23:29,701 --> 00:23:31,661 This is a cultural revolution. 341 00:23:31,745 --> 00:23:36,245 You're not aware of what's going on. And it keeps going, see? 342 00:23:37,417 --> 00:23:42,457 Once Pandora's box has been opened, you can't put the lid back on. 343 00:23:46,301 --> 00:23:50,891 [rock instrumental playing] 344 00:23:58,063 --> 00:24:02,033 [man] When you live in Berlin, you have to get used to all unnormal situations. 345 00:24:02,109 --> 00:24:04,989 Standing here at the wall, uh, is a good example. 346 00:24:05,821 --> 00:24:08,821 Every week somebody in East Germany is trying to escape. 347 00:24:08,907 --> 00:24:10,197 Some people are shot. 348 00:24:10,284 --> 00:24:11,874 But if you live here in West Berlin, 349 00:24:11,952 --> 00:24:15,502 you have to get used to it just to make your living here. 350 00:24:18,375 --> 00:24:25,255 {\an8}In Germany there was this desperate need for a calm life. 351 00:24:26,008 --> 00:24:28,638 To keep everything under control 352 00:24:28,719 --> 00:24:32,009 and, yeah, just don't take any risks. 353 00:24:32,097 --> 00:24:35,227 Don't change anything. Just be secure. 354 00:24:36,935 --> 00:24:38,225 [male reporter] In West Berlin now, 355 00:24:38,312 --> 00:24:41,612 more than a quarter of the population is over 65. 356 00:24:42,357 --> 00:24:46,947 It's a quieter, more provincial city than it was even ten years ago. 357 00:24:47,029 --> 00:24:50,529 [Rother] I understand that from a psychological perspective, 358 00:24:50,616 --> 00:24:56,496 many of these people had connections to the Nazi past. 359 00:24:56,580 --> 00:25:00,290 The guilt, I mean, it was, of course, beyond belief. 360 00:25:03,128 --> 00:25:07,468 But then there's always the eyes of a new generation, 361 00:25:07,549 --> 00:25:10,589 and I was looking for my own identity. 362 00:25:18,393 --> 00:25:22,903 In 1971, a guitar player who was invited to a session 363 00:25:22,981 --> 00:25:25,531 asked me whether I wanted to come along. 364 00:25:25,609 --> 00:25:28,319 And because I hadn't heard of the band, 365 00:25:28,403 --> 00:25:33,083 I first considered, "Should I go home with my girlfriend?" 366 00:25:33,158 --> 00:25:37,538 And luckily I joined him because it was the band Kraftwerk. 367 00:25:38,622 --> 00:25:43,212 -[electronic music playing] -[whistle blowing] 368 00:26:01,019 --> 00:26:03,269 It was astonishing for me. 369 00:26:03,355 --> 00:26:07,065 I was totally surprised because their approach to music 370 00:26:07,150 --> 00:26:12,660 was to sound different from anything that had been done before. 371 00:26:12,739 --> 00:26:16,869 A few weeks later, they invited me to play with the band. 372 00:26:30,174 --> 00:26:31,804 [man] We are another generation. 373 00:26:32,467 --> 00:26:36,097 {\an8}We are a more industrial generation. 374 00:26:43,353 --> 00:26:46,983 Music is always in relation to its time. 375 00:26:48,775 --> 00:26:53,565 And now we're living in a completely different time. 376 00:27:03,832 --> 00:27:08,302 [Rother] American and British bands introduced new lyrics, 377 00:27:08,378 --> 00:27:10,418 new sounds to the music. 378 00:27:10,506 --> 00:27:16,256 But it still stayed in that tradition of American popular music. 379 00:27:16,345 --> 00:27:20,805 Rock music. We wanted to be totally different. 380 00:27:20,891 --> 00:27:23,191 I don't think you'll really, really have a new thing 381 00:27:23,268 --> 00:27:25,768 until you've gotten new music. I mean, you know-- 382 00:27:25,854 --> 00:27:29,484 while you're still basing yourself on a sort of Chuck Berry, you know, 383 00:27:29,566 --> 00:27:32,106 y-you're still the same, unfortunately. 384 00:27:33,153 --> 00:27:37,413 I want something else, I mean-- don't want Chuck Berry until we die. 385 00:27:37,491 --> 00:27:39,031 We got to have something else, man. 386 00:27:39,117 --> 00:27:42,997 [Rother] It was an exciting half a year playing with Kraftwerk. 387 00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:47,420 We played some TV shows, some very exciting concerts. 388 00:27:47,501 --> 00:27:49,381 Some not so great concerts. 389 00:27:54,383 --> 00:27:58,053 But when we tried to record the second Kraftwerk album, 390 00:27:58,136 --> 00:28:02,386 the music we had in our minds didn't work in the studio. 391 00:28:04,977 --> 00:28:10,227 And there was constant tension between Klaus Dinger and Florian Schneider. 392 00:28:12,776 --> 00:28:15,356 {\an8}[Hütter] The biggest problem we always had was with drummers. 393 00:28:15,445 --> 00:28:18,565 {\an8}Because they were very much into the whole physical thing. 394 00:28:18,657 --> 00:28:24,157 And they wouldn't stay with us because we asked them to electrify... 395 00:28:24,246 --> 00:28:26,616 to get into electrical sound. 396 00:28:26,707 --> 00:28:29,747 They wouldn't do it, so one day we found ourselves standing there 397 00:28:29,835 --> 00:28:31,335 on our own, just the two of us... 398 00:28:32,337 --> 00:28:37,627 and I just happened to have an old rhythm box machine. 399 00:28:37,718 --> 00:28:40,468 So we started recording with that in 1971 400 00:28:40,554 --> 00:28:43,564 and from that day on, there was no turning back. 401 00:28:48,687 --> 00:28:53,977 It makes no difference if you turn a knob or turn a switch 402 00:28:54,067 --> 00:28:57,857 or if you pluck a string. I mean, what is the difference? 403 00:28:57,946 --> 00:28:59,566 There is no difference. 404 00:28:59,656 --> 00:29:01,826 Who can say what music is? 405 00:29:25,766 --> 00:29:26,926 [song ends] 406 00:29:29,895 --> 00:29:33,265 [indistinct chattering, off-camera] 407 00:29:33,357 --> 00:29:36,067 [man] He came to New York in September. 408 00:29:36,735 --> 00:29:41,565 {\an8}With the manager, the wife, and they wanted to sign to RCA Records. 409 00:29:42,866 --> 00:29:45,406 So that week, I spent a lot of time with them. 410 00:29:48,580 --> 00:29:51,920 {\an8}The older folk at RCA had no clue, 411 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:54,800 but they relied on their young A&R people 412 00:29:54,878 --> 00:29:58,418 to tell us what is new and exciting 'cause we don't know. 413 00:29:59,132 --> 00:30:06,012 They knew that if they didn't get Bowie, they would lose a major opportunity. 414 00:30:06,098 --> 00:30:09,058 -[camera shutter clicks] -[indistinct chattering, off-camera] 415 00:30:09,935 --> 00:30:13,645 For David, it was a massive sense of freedom. 416 00:30:13,730 --> 00:30:17,940 Suddenly he has the possibility to do whatever he wants. 417 00:30:18,026 --> 00:30:22,406 The idea was to create a new set of possibilities. 418 00:30:22,489 --> 00:30:24,909 ["Andy Warhol" playing] 419 00:30:31,331 --> 00:30:34,541 {\an8}[Zanetta] I took them to the Factory to meet Andy. 420 00:30:34,626 --> 00:30:39,916 {\an8}♪ Like to take a cement fix Be a standing cinema... ♪ 421 00:30:40,007 --> 00:30:42,717 {\an8}Now you have to remember this is not David Bowie yet. 422 00:30:42,801 --> 00:30:47,351 He wasn't a star, he's just this guy, and it was a little awkward. 423 00:30:47,431 --> 00:30:50,181 'Cause then he went into this long mime thing 424 00:30:50,267 --> 00:30:53,307 which is about as uncool as you can get. [laughs] 425 00:30:53,395 --> 00:30:55,555 ♪ Two new pence to have a go ♪ 426 00:30:56,106 --> 00:30:58,356 ♪ I'd like to be a gallery ♪ 427 00:30:58,901 --> 00:31:02,241 ♪ Put you all inside my show ♪ 428 00:31:05,449 --> 00:31:08,369 ♪ Andy Warhol looks a scream ♪ 429 00:31:08,452 --> 00:31:09,702 ♪ Hang him on my wall... ♪ 430 00:31:09,786 --> 00:31:13,456 Andy always liked to be entertained, 431 00:31:13,540 --> 00:31:17,960 so he reacted more to very outrageous or flamboyant people. 432 00:31:18,545 --> 00:31:20,545 [music fades] 433 00:31:20,631 --> 00:31:24,471 David may have worn this outfit, or worn a little makeup, 434 00:31:24,551 --> 00:31:26,721 but he was not flamboyant at all. 435 00:31:26,803 --> 00:31:30,353 I mean, he was very charming, but he wasn't the kind of person 436 00:31:30,432 --> 00:31:33,562 that walked into a room and suddenly took over. 437 00:31:33,644 --> 00:31:35,734 [Bowie] Sometimes we're recording, I try to... 438 00:31:35,812 --> 00:31:38,982 Well, I sing, actually, and we say to him... you know. 439 00:31:39,733 --> 00:31:43,573 He's-- He's a designer and he spends a lot of time being taken to Italy. 440 00:31:43,654 --> 00:31:45,454 [chuckling] 441 00:31:45,531 --> 00:31:49,831 And bringing back ideas and fashions. I thought you might know. 442 00:31:49,910 --> 00:31:53,120 [Zanetta] But it was okay. They didn't throw us out. [chuckles] 443 00:31:54,331 --> 00:31:57,331 And he got into the epicenter of where he wanted to go. 444 00:31:58,710 --> 00:32:00,670 [male reporter] Warhol and his followers 445 00:32:00,754 --> 00:32:03,224 do not think or live in a conventional way. 446 00:32:03,298 --> 00:32:08,138 Some people may find his work or his lifestyle unsympathetic or offensive. 447 00:32:08,220 --> 00:32:12,720 It is sometimes difficult to discover where reality ends and fantasy begins. 448 00:32:12,808 --> 00:32:17,268 {\an8}♪ I'm up on the eleventh floor And I'm watching the cruisers below ♪ 449 00:32:19,815 --> 00:32:23,935 {\an8}♪ He's down on the street And he's trying hard to pull sister Flo ♪ 450 00:32:26,196 --> 00:32:28,236 {\an8}[Bowie] It was this other world, you know? 451 00:32:28,866 --> 00:32:31,826 {\an8}And, uh, for me, of course, wanting this other world, 452 00:32:31,910 --> 00:32:34,250 {\an8}I mean, I just fell into it completely. 453 00:32:35,247 --> 00:32:38,497 Here was this alternative world that I'd been talking about. 454 00:32:40,043 --> 00:32:43,513 And it had all the violence, and all the strangeness and the bizarreness. 455 00:32:43,589 --> 00:32:45,469 And it was really happening. 456 00:32:45,549 --> 00:32:48,639 ♪ She's so swishy in her satin and tat ♪ 457 00:32:48,719 --> 00:32:52,139 ♪ In her frock coat and Bipperty-bopperty hat ♪ 458 00:32:52,222 --> 00:32:55,852 ♪ Oh, God, I could do better than that ♪ 459 00:32:57,227 --> 00:33:00,107 [Zanetta] There was all kinds of avant-garde theater happening in New York 460 00:33:00,189 --> 00:33:03,069 because everyone was trying to create new forms. 461 00:33:03,150 --> 00:33:07,610 And a lot of it was outrageous, it was just queer. 462 00:33:07,696 --> 00:33:11,406 It didn't fit into the mainstream society, let's put it that way. 463 00:33:11,491 --> 00:33:15,081 There was a danger that David was attracted to. 464 00:33:15,162 --> 00:33:16,792 Being a sexual outlaw. 465 00:33:20,792 --> 00:33:23,552 [chattering] 466 00:33:23,629 --> 00:33:26,049 {\an8}[Bowie] The first time that I met Lou Reed, 467 00:33:26,131 --> 00:33:29,221 {\an8}it was at Max's Kansas City, in the back room. 468 00:33:30,928 --> 00:33:33,928 Not only was Lou Reed at the table, but Iggy at the same time. 469 00:33:34,014 --> 00:33:35,434 So it was Iggy and Lou. 470 00:33:37,184 --> 00:33:41,734 They represented the wild side of existentialist America. 471 00:33:42,523 --> 00:33:45,033 It was this sort of mixture of rock and avant-garde. 472 00:33:46,235 --> 00:33:49,525 That was everything that I thought we should have in England, 473 00:33:49,613 --> 00:33:51,573 and I didn't know if we had it in England. 474 00:33:53,116 --> 00:33:56,826 {\an8}[Zanetta] He definitely studied Iggy and Lou... 475 00:33:56,912 --> 00:33:59,582 {\an8}and absorbed certain qualities that they had. 476 00:33:59,665 --> 00:34:01,875 A certain kind of stage performance. 477 00:34:01,959 --> 00:34:05,589 A kind of asexual ambiguity, an edge. 478 00:34:06,630 --> 00:34:09,760 I think there was a missing ingredient in what he had been doing. 479 00:34:09,842 --> 00:34:12,262 And this was it. This was the path. 480 00:34:14,012 --> 00:34:17,602 The interesting thing about David is that he wasn't a natural talent, 481 00:34:17,683 --> 00:34:20,393 but David was an actor. 482 00:34:20,476 --> 00:34:22,766 He did have the ability to play roles, 483 00:34:22,855 --> 00:34:26,015 and he worked at it and worked at it and worked at it. 484 00:34:26,984 --> 00:34:30,244 You know, there was a buzz around Dave. Something was percolating. 485 00:34:30,320 --> 00:34:31,610 [tape rewinds] 486 00:34:31,697 --> 00:34:34,867 [recording: band warms up] 487 00:34:35,742 --> 00:34:37,242 [Bowie] Reckon we can cope with this one? 488 00:34:37,327 --> 00:34:41,367 {\an8}[Defries] In England, David started deconstructing himself. 489 00:34:41,456 --> 00:34:42,536 [Bowie] Like now, man. 490 00:34:42,623 --> 00:34:47,343 [Defries] We needed new, strong songs from a new, strong, different Bowie. 491 00:34:47,420 --> 00:34:50,090 [Bowie] Just belt it out like that again and we're home and dry. 492 00:34:50,174 --> 00:34:54,894 [Defries] For David to become a performer that people were desperate to see, 493 00:34:54,969 --> 00:34:57,679 he had to create a new entity. 494 00:34:57,764 --> 00:35:00,314 [Bowie] Ah, it's fun time, fun time. 495 00:35:00,392 --> 00:35:01,812 [Defries] A brand-new rock star. 496 00:35:01,894 --> 00:35:05,024 -[tape recorder clicks] -One, two, three, four. 497 00:35:05,647 --> 00:35:08,067 {\an8}["Sweet Head" playing] 498 00:35:43,435 --> 00:35:46,015 [Bowie] I would blame, probably, all of it on Kubrick. 499 00:35:46,104 --> 00:35:48,904 Because what I wanted to do was create a culture 500 00:35:48,982 --> 00:35:51,992 around the music that I was writing. 501 00:35:52,069 --> 00:35:57,119 It was something fascinating about this future nihilistic negativity, 502 00:35:57,199 --> 00:35:59,579 which was the culture of Clockwork Orange. 503 00:36:12,714 --> 00:36:16,644 [Letts] There's never been a gang film or a youth film like it. 504 00:36:17,594 --> 00:36:20,314 Whether it's a spin on style, or that dynamic 505 00:36:20,389 --> 00:36:24,429 {\an8}between the system and the working-class youth, 506 00:36:24,518 --> 00:36:27,858 {\an8}it preempts so many things that happened in its wake. 507 00:36:29,231 --> 00:36:30,651 'Cause you have to understand 508 00:36:30,732 --> 00:36:34,532 that the big subcultural youth movement by then was skinheads. 509 00:36:37,030 --> 00:36:38,910 [male reporter] Skinheads like the Scotswood Aggro Boys 510 00:36:38,991 --> 00:36:41,741 with their uniform styles and checked shirts, 511 00:36:41,827 --> 00:36:44,747 big polished boots, and close cropped hairstyles. 512 00:36:44,830 --> 00:36:48,130 Many proud of their headline reputation for violence. 513 00:36:48,208 --> 00:36:50,498 It's an almost puritanical outlook, 514 00:36:50,586 --> 00:36:55,126 and they strongly disapprove of drugs, beads, and other hippie-style adornments. 515 00:36:55,215 --> 00:36:57,425 But they do have their own type of music. 516 00:36:57,509 --> 00:37:00,219 [reggae music playing] 517 00:37:21,867 --> 00:37:24,947 [male interviewer] Do they come to rock concerts at all, the skinheads? 518 00:37:25,037 --> 00:37:27,457 {\an8}[Townshend] No, no. I think the thing is the skinheads 519 00:37:27,539 --> 00:37:29,959 {\an8}really feel that they should have their own music. 520 00:37:30,042 --> 00:37:31,752 [interviewer] What about reggae? 521 00:37:31,835 --> 00:37:34,545 [Townshend] And they should have their say. Well, this is Jamaican stuff. 522 00:37:40,844 --> 00:37:43,314 [Townshend] They've adopted it, but it's not really come from within. 523 00:37:43,388 --> 00:37:44,468 You know what I mean? 524 00:37:44,556 --> 00:37:45,716 [interviewer 2] How do you get on with the West Indians? 525 00:37:45,807 --> 00:37:50,897 The West Indians? Great. As if-- as if they were English. 526 00:37:50,979 --> 00:37:54,779 [interviewer 2] Why do the white toughs never have a go at the West Indians? 527 00:37:54,858 --> 00:37:56,778 [man] 'Cause they get a right, tasty beatin'. 528 00:37:58,237 --> 00:38:00,357 And another thing, like-- They like the music, 529 00:38:00,447 --> 00:38:02,447 but reggae, that is pure Jamaican music. 530 00:38:04,660 --> 00:38:07,450 ♪ Where you gonna run to? ♪ 531 00:38:07,829 --> 00:38:10,459 ♪ Whoa, whoa, woii! ♪ 532 00:38:10,999 --> 00:38:17,129 ♪ You're gonna run to the Rock for rescue There will be no Rock ♪ 533 00:38:17,214 --> 00:38:18,974 [Letts] A lot of my white mates were skinheads. 534 00:38:19,049 --> 00:38:22,259 To me, it was a massive testament to the power of culture 535 00:38:22,344 --> 00:38:23,974 to bring people together. 536 00:38:24,054 --> 00:38:25,724 You know, music can do that. 537 00:38:25,806 --> 00:38:27,466 -[man] Excuse me. -Oh, yes? 538 00:38:27,558 --> 00:38:28,928 Can we ask you a few questions? 539 00:38:29,017 --> 00:38:30,347 Oh, certainly. Yes, certainly. 540 00:38:30,894 --> 00:38:32,734 What about reggae... is it your favorite music? 541 00:38:32,813 --> 00:38:33,813 But of course. 542 00:38:33,897 --> 00:38:35,567 -Reggae. -Yeah, is it your favorite music? 543 00:38:35,649 --> 00:38:36,649 -Yeah. -[boy] Yeah. 544 00:38:36,733 --> 00:38:38,113 [male reporter] First, it was the mods and rockers, 545 00:38:38,193 --> 00:38:42,243 then the trogs and thunderbirds, and now the skinheads and greasers. 546 00:38:42,322 --> 00:38:46,492 But to the townspeople, they only have one name: troublemakers. 547 00:38:46,577 --> 00:38:48,577 [Letts] If the media had written up headlines 548 00:38:48,662 --> 00:38:51,922 like, "Black and white kids unite through music and style," 549 00:38:51,999 --> 00:38:54,749 it wouldn't have sold any newspapers, you know what I'm saying? 550 00:38:55,419 --> 00:38:58,089 They're always looking for a new folk devil 551 00:38:58,172 --> 00:39:01,052 but every generation needs its own identity, 552 00:39:01,133 --> 00:39:05,353 a new thing different enough to totally captivate you. 553 00:39:19,193 --> 00:39:21,573 [male news reporter] It all seems so totally contradictory, 554 00:39:21,653 --> 00:39:23,823 sex and death with rock music. 555 00:39:23,906 --> 00:39:25,026 What is it all about? 556 00:39:25,115 --> 00:39:27,485 {\an8}[man] We are what America represents right now. 557 00:39:27,576 --> 00:39:30,446 {\an8}The parts they don't wanna see. We're just bringing it out in the open 558 00:39:30,537 --> 00:39:32,657 {\an8}because it's there, you know, and it's fun for us to do it. 559 00:39:32,748 --> 00:39:36,078 We don't go on just as a rock group, we go on as a piece of kinetic art. 560 00:39:37,085 --> 00:39:38,955 It's sort of like taking A Clockwork Orange 561 00:39:39,046 --> 00:39:40,256 and putting it onstage. 562 00:39:42,007 --> 00:39:45,217 {\an8}[Defries] David saw Alice at the Rainbow in London. 563 00:39:45,302 --> 00:39:47,722 {\an8}I think what caught David's imagination 564 00:39:47,804 --> 00:39:52,684 {\an8}was, okay, you can actually play-act onstage 565 00:39:52,768 --> 00:39:55,978 {\an8}and make music alongside it. 566 00:39:56,063 --> 00:39:57,983 [Cooper] This is just what I wanna be when I'm onstage. 567 00:39:58,065 --> 00:40:00,145 Alice goes onstage and just wants to be this. 568 00:40:00,234 --> 00:40:02,824 And so I let Alice do anything he wants to do. 569 00:40:03,487 --> 00:40:06,067 And that's frightening, and people like to be frightened. 570 00:40:06,156 --> 00:40:09,736 Parents don't like to be frightened but kids love to be frightened. [laughs] 571 00:40:13,288 --> 00:40:15,958 [recording: baby crying, distorted] 572 00:40:21,797 --> 00:40:24,507 {\an8}[Bowie] It was still very hard for anybody to realize 573 00:40:24,591 --> 00:40:26,431 {\an8}that a rock artist can go onstage 574 00:40:26,510 --> 00:40:29,050 {\an8}and be a different person every time he goes onstage. 575 00:40:29,137 --> 00:40:31,677 You don't have to be the same personality. 576 00:40:32,266 --> 00:40:36,136 And I just trusted in my own, um, conceptions. 577 00:40:37,062 --> 00:40:39,272 [Zanetta] By then Hunky Dory was coming out. 578 00:40:42,609 --> 00:40:45,449 {\an8}But David had started working on a new album. 579 00:40:45,529 --> 00:40:50,739 He was really ambitious, and so was Tony. They wanted world domination. 580 00:40:55,539 --> 00:40:57,579 {\an8}[male narrator] From the earliest history of mankind, 581 00:40:57,666 --> 00:41:01,246 {\an8}there's been a great red speck of light in the night sky. 582 00:41:01,336 --> 00:41:03,666 [Bowie] I was getting nearer to what I wanted to do. 583 00:41:03,755 --> 00:41:07,295 {\an8}Hunky Dory was really stepping off this planet and going somewhere else. 584 00:41:10,262 --> 00:41:14,312 {\an8}[narrator] Things were changing before our very eyes on the Martian surface. 585 00:41:14,391 --> 00:41:18,351 [Bowie] The whole Hunky Dory album reflected my newfound enthusiasm 586 00:41:18,437 --> 00:41:21,477 for this new continent that had been opened up to me. 587 00:41:21,565 --> 00:41:24,275 Flash to Westminster to get the great result. 588 00:41:24,359 --> 00:41:26,989 [male reporter] The majority is 112, 589 00:41:27,070 --> 00:41:30,240 {\an8}that is quite considerably bigger than many people expected. 590 00:41:30,324 --> 00:41:33,914 {\an8}We've not only got something which we shall gain from Europe, 591 00:41:33,994 --> 00:41:36,504 {\an8}but I think also, we've got a great deal to put in. 592 00:41:36,580 --> 00:41:39,670 [Bowie] It really, for me, felt like the new era had begun then. 593 00:41:43,337 --> 00:41:46,297 [male reporter 2] Did you really expect to be let off like this? 594 00:41:46,381 --> 00:41:48,011 [Anderson] Well, you always hope and pray, I suppose. 595 00:41:48,091 --> 00:41:51,051 All of us are very, very happy that we'll-- don't have to go back to jail. 596 00:41:51,136 --> 00:41:54,056 [male journalist] There's been a lot of talk about how the Oz trial 597 00:41:54,139 --> 00:41:57,349 has been a victory for the establishment over the freedom of youth. 598 00:41:57,434 --> 00:42:00,024 -Do you see it in those terms? -Well, not at all. I-- 599 00:42:00,103 --> 00:42:03,233 I think the first thing I'd like to say is that the fight is only just beginning. 600 00:42:03,315 --> 00:42:05,685 [man] If there is life on Mars, 601 00:42:05,776 --> 00:42:10,106 then there will be a simply fabulous expansion of perspective, 602 00:42:10,197 --> 00:42:14,077 {\an8}because all the organisms on the Earth, even though they seem to be different, 603 00:42:14,159 --> 00:42:15,409 {\an8}are fundamentally the same. 604 00:42:15,494 --> 00:42:18,004 {\an8}Their chemistry is all identical. 605 00:42:18,080 --> 00:42:21,670 And, uh, they're just wrapped in different kinds of wrappings. 606 00:42:25,420 --> 00:42:27,420 [Queen Elizabeth II] As the familiar pattern of Christmas 607 00:42:27,506 --> 00:42:29,296 and the New Year repeats itself, 608 00:42:30,342 --> 00:42:35,012 we may sometimes forget how much the world about us has been changing 609 00:42:35,097 --> 00:42:37,887 with all the technological wonders of this age. 610 00:42:38,600 --> 00:42:42,440 It makes me wonder what changes there may be in the future. 611 00:42:42,521 --> 00:42:44,731 We cannot possibly tell. 612 00:42:49,361 --> 00:42:51,991 {\an8}[man through PA, indistinct] 613 00:42:53,156 --> 00:42:55,696 [man] ...how these kids who care nothing about it at all, 614 00:42:55,784 --> 00:42:57,494 except to greet that New Year 615 00:42:57,578 --> 00:42:59,748 which may mean new hope and promise for all of us. 616 00:42:59,830 --> 00:43:04,290 Seconds to go, just a few seconds before the ball hits the bottom. 617 00:43:04,376 --> 00:43:09,046 And there's five, four, three, two, one. 618 00:43:09,131 --> 00:43:11,551 -There it is! -[crowd cheering] 619 00:43:17,431 --> 00:43:21,731 [man] 1972. Happy New Year to you all. 620 00:43:28,901 --> 00:43:32,741 [cheering, faint] 621 00:43:42,289 --> 00:43:45,459 [cheering continues] 622 00:43:58,388 --> 00:44:00,768 -[cheering] -[song begins] 623 00:44:11,527 --> 00:44:13,397 ♪ Oh, yeah ♪ 624 00:44:21,286 --> 00:44:23,536 ♪ Now Ziggy played guitar ♪ 625 00:44:24,081 --> 00:44:27,501 ♪ Jamming good with Weird and Gilly ♪ 626 00:44:27,584 --> 00:44:29,844 ♪ And the Spiders from Mars ♪ 627 00:44:30,337 --> 00:44:32,587 ♪ He played it left hand ♪ 628 00:44:33,966 --> 00:44:35,966 ♪ But made it too far ♪ 629 00:44:36,677 --> 00:44:41,677 ♪ Became the special man Then we were Ziggy's Band ♪ 630 00:44:43,725 --> 00:44:46,595 [Bowie] It just came to me that what I was doing, in fact, 631 00:44:46,687 --> 00:44:50,727 was what the next stage of things was all about. 632 00:44:50,816 --> 00:44:53,236 ♪ Like some cat from Japan ♪ 633 00:44:53,902 --> 00:44:56,992 ♪ He could lick 'em by smiling ♪ 634 00:44:57,072 --> 00:44:59,282 [Bowie] Christ, what have we done? 635 00:44:59,366 --> 00:45:01,536 Fuck me, we've just killed the '60s. 636 00:45:01,618 --> 00:45:03,948 You know, it was like it really felt like that. 637 00:45:04,872 --> 00:45:06,332 We are the future. 638 00:45:09,251 --> 00:45:12,711 ♪ So where were the spiders ♪ 639 00:45:14,715 --> 00:45:19,385 ♪ While the fly tried to Break our balls? ♪ 640 00:45:20,846 --> 00:45:24,306 ♪ Just the beer light to guide us ♪ 641 00:45:25,392 --> 00:45:31,822 ♪ So we bitched about his fans And should we crush his sweet hands? ♪ 642 00:45:31,899 --> 00:45:32,899 ♪ Oh! ♪ 643 00:45:37,821 --> 00:45:41,831 ["Ball of Confusion" playing]