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[eerie music]

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Man: American 11,
ident please or acknowledge.

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American 20
will not respond to me now.

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[ominous music]

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[explosion]

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Woman: Oh, my god!

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[screams]

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Voiceover:
9/11 still haunts us all.

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The events of that day

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have defined much of the world
ever since.

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The hunt for Bin Laden drove
the West to invade Afghanistan.

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Now they've left,
a new reign of terror begins.

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[shouting]

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How much do we really know

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about the man Osama Bin Laden?

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He may be dead,

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but his legacy
continues to impact us all.

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Obaidullah Baheer: Growing up,

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I worshipped everything
about Bin Laden.

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He was a hero.

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Khalid Batarfi:
My heart at that time

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told me to love him,
and I loved him then.

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Voiceover: We know Bin Laden
as the terrorist,

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the world's most evil man.

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For those once closest to him,

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his story is more complex.

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Now some are ready to speak
for the first time.

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[gunshots]

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Aimen Dean: He could say that

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you should take
that leap of faith.

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With will,
determination and faith

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we can change
the course of history.

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Voiceover: They tell us
about the man they knew,

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the choices he made,
the points of no return.

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People change
and war changes people.

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That's what happened to Osama.

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Aimen Dean: We are going into
the path

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of endless, perpetual bloodshed.

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[explosion]

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Woman: Oh, my god!

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[sobs]

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[suspenseful music]

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[sombre music]

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Aimen Dean: Bin Laden
did not want to be

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the commander of all Muslims.

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He wanted to claim authority
only in a war situation -

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a warfare situation.

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Al-Qaeda knew
what they were doing.

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They had a plan,

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and they knew
what they were doing.

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This is why I joined al-Qaeda.

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I was born and raised
in Saudi Arabia.

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At the age of 16

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I went to join the jihad
in Bosnia.

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From there, my journey
took me to Afghanistan,

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where for the first time
I met Osama Bin Laden,

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a living example
of a Muslim warrior

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from the Arabian desert

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going to the mountains
of Afghanistan.

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[shouting]

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[explosions]

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Voiceover: The Soviet Union's
withdrawal from Afghanistan

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left the door open for
the Taliban to seize control,

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not dissimilar from today.

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Osama Bin Laden
was quick to claim the glory

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and was elevated
to war hero status.

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Obaidullah Baheer:
I remember as a child

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editing Che Guevara's
black-and-white picture

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and putting
Bin Laden's face on it,

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because we'd want to wear
shirts like that.

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That's how hip he was for us.

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He'd become the culture.

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He became a trendsetter.

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Everything that he did
was later impersonated

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or copied by jihadi groups
all over the world.

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He became that person

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who you didn't need to know
too much about,

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it was just his image.

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Voiceover: Osama returned
to Saudi Arabia in triumph.

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But within 18 months,
Iraq invades Kuwait,

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destabilising the whole
of the Arabian-Gulf region.

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[sombre music]

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Aimen Dean:
After Saddam Hussein's forces

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invaded Kuwait

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and it became clear
that they were poised

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on the Saudi-Kuwaiti border,

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to advance further,

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the Saudi government decided
that the best course of action

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is to seek help
from the UN Security Council

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and to seek help in particular
from the United States.

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Khalid Batarfi: According to
Prince Turki al-Faisal,

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who was the head of intelligence
in Saudi Arabia,

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Osama Bin Laden told him,

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"Please don't bring
foreign troops,

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especially American troops,

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because if they come here,
they will occupy us.

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They will not leave."

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The last time
I spoke with Osama Bin Laden,

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he was telling us,

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"Let us train our people
to defend Saudi Arabia".

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He said, "I'm willing to bring
all my mujahideen here

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to support you,
and that would be enough".

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He believes in that.

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And he was angry
when his country

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declined to accept his offer

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and chose instead
to invite foreign troops,

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especially American troops,

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to help in liberating Kuwait.

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It was like a cat
turning into tiger,

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an injured tiger.

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You didn't expect that.

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Voiceover: In a pre-digital age,

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Bin Laden began distributing
his sermons on audio cassettes,

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which sold in their thousands.

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[suspenseful music]

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Aimen Dean:
He viewed the landing

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of half a million US troops
in Saudi Arabia

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as an act of invasion.

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They are not there just only
to repel Saddam Hussein

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and then leave -

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he believed that they will stay.

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Man reading: "This aggression
has reached

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such a catastrophic
and disastrous point

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as to have brought about
a calamity

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unprecedented in history.

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Namely, the invasion
by the American and Western

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crusader forces
of Saudi Arabia."

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There was the scaremongering
that somehow our whole identity

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as Muslims in Arabia

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is going to be erased

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because we allowed
the American forces

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to come in such large numbers.

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Sending 'invasion forces',
he called it,

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was an anathema to everything
that he believed in.

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[call to prayer]

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He was talking about jihads
even when he was young.

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But it was the jihad
I understood

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and every Muslim understood -

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"Let us go
and liberate Jerusalem.

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Let's fight
for the good cause."

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Obaidullah Baheer:
He went from being this person

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that was guided
by Saudi policies

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to someone who challenged
Saudi policies

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and said, "No,
now you play with my rules."

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Bin Laden was
the first person to call...

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..call the Saudi monarchy out

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and call them 'tyrants'.

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Aimen Dean: It was an event
that shattered all conventions

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and turned the politics
of the region upside down,

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and it created this schism
between Osama Bin Laden

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and the royal family
of Saudi Arabia.

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It was a moment where, you know,

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that moment
shaping the world view

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of Osama Bin Laden
for years to come,

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because he saw the events
very differently

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from how many other Saudis
saw the events.

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Khalid Batarfi: That was
when the Saudi government

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put a stop,
or tried to put a stop,

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to his ambitions
and his speeches

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and tried to return him
to civilian life,

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and to return to his business.

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But he wouldn't listen,

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and so he split ways
with his own government.

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Aimen Dean: This is
the moment of break-up.

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This is the moment where
he actually gave up completely

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on Saudi Arabia,

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decided that he renounces
allegiance to the royal family

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and that he will become
a Pan-Islamic warrior.

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[plane engine roars]

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Osama Bin Laden left
Saudi Arabia never to return.

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[gentle music]

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Voiceover: Bin Laden
moved his family of wives

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and numerous children

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to a house in the suburbs
of Khartoum.

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Ali Soufan: He was trying
to craft an image

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of one of the early
Muslim leaders.

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He lived a humble life,

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but that image, you know,
had a reason behind it.

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That is basically his narrative.

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That's part of his story.

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I never thought
I will be an FBI agent.

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I was 25 years old.

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My favourite show
was 'The X-Files',

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which is about two FBI agents
trying to figure out

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if there are aliens or not.

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And I was, you know, intrigued
with the whole possibility.

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I worked al-Qaeda
and Osama Bin Laden

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from the beginning.

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I believe knowing the language,

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knowing the culture,
knowing the history,

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definitely was helpful
for me to do my job.

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I was intrigued by him.

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[suspenseful music]

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In Sudan, he had people
from the Moroccan jihadis,

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he had Libyan fighting groups,

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he had Egyptian jihad.

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And all of them
looked at Osama Bin Laden

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as a person
who basically had the wealth

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to have food on their table.

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[suspenseful music]

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Man reading: "We came here
to co-operate and work

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in the areas of road
construction and agriculture.

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I inherited this type of work
from my father.

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May God have mercy on him."

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00:17:18,931 --> 00:17:21,103
Ali Soufan: Osama Bin Laden
offered jobs

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00:17:21,206 --> 00:17:22,517
for a lot of people,

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00:17:22,620 --> 00:17:24,068
either in his
construction company

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or in the different farms
that he had.

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00:17:26,793 --> 00:17:28,310
But also, at the same time,

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he continued the work
of al-Qaeda.

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[gunshots]

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They started to train people,
started to recruit.

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So he was...
he was establishing

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00:17:38,034 --> 00:17:41,206
and building upon the network

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that he continued to have
from the time of Afghanistan.

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Voiceover: According to
US intelligence analysts,

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Bin Laden was financing
several training camps

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in Sudan and Afghanistan.

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00:18:28,034 --> 00:18:30,379
[gunfire]

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Man reading: "We have to stop
the head of the snake.

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The snake is America."

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00:18:37,620 --> 00:18:40,000
[gunfire]

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Voiceover: When American
peace-keeping troops

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were attacked in Somalia,

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Bin Laden claimed
some of his fellow jihadis

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contributed to the fight.

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00:18:55,275 --> 00:18:57,965
[shouting]

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00:19:02,034 --> 00:19:04,344
Man reading: "Our people
realised more than ever

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00:19:04,448 --> 00:19:08,068
that the American soldier
is a paper tiger,

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and after a few blows,
runs away.

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America forgot all the hoopla
and media propaganda

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and left, dragging their corpses
full of shame and defeat."

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00:19:18,344 --> 00:19:20,034
Ali Soufan:
Osama Bin Laden's name

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00:19:20,137 --> 00:19:23,827
always came up
as a financier,

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never as a terrorist mastermind.

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I think in 1996
that started to change.

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He was involved in
a lot of the terrorist attacks

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that was happening
around the Muslim world,

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and people don't know about it.

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He is very Machiavellian
in a way that,

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00:19:48,172 --> 00:19:50,310
"Yeah, I'm defending Muslims
around the world,

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00:19:50,413 --> 00:19:52,965
but I am willing
to kill Muslims

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00:19:53,068 --> 00:19:54,689
in order to prove a point".

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00:19:58,034 --> 00:20:02,827
He was a person
who truly believed in

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00:20:02,931 --> 00:20:05,206
his own preaching
and his own narrative.

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00:20:05,310 --> 00:20:08,724
You know, talk the talk
and walk the walk.

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Voiceover: Other extreme
Islamist groups

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00:20:12,620 --> 00:20:15,965
vehemently opposed
Osama Bin Laden's approach.

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00:20:16,068 --> 00:20:21,000
In 1994, a group of armed men
made an attempt on his life.

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Voiceover: The Saudi
royal family

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00:21:33,724 --> 00:21:36,344
sent Osama Bin Laden's mother
to Sudan

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00:21:36,448 --> 00:21:40,034
to beg him
to cease his jihadi activities

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00:21:40,137 --> 00:21:44,344
and return to the
family business in Saudi Arabia.

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He said,
"I don't want to be a goat

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00:21:50,965 --> 00:21:53,862
that is tied to a post

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00:21:53,965 --> 00:21:59,758
who cannot say anything or
go anywhere without permission.

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00:21:59,862 --> 00:22:03,931
I want to be the free man
I am here,

258
00:22:04,034 --> 00:22:07,655
and that would not happen
if I go to Saudi Arabia".

259
00:22:08,724 --> 00:22:11,034
A man of this stubbornness,

260
00:22:11,137 --> 00:22:17,586
even with his crying mother
appealing to him to come back,

261
00:22:17,689 --> 00:22:19,448
and he refused.

262
00:22:19,551 --> 00:22:22,137
Man reading: "I can sacrifice
my life for you,

263
00:22:22,241 --> 00:22:24,241
but right now,
what you are talking to me about

264
00:22:24,344 --> 00:22:25,896
is against Islam.

265
00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:28,758
I'm fighting against
the enemies of Islam,

266
00:22:28,862 --> 00:22:31,620
and you want me to consider
a ceasefire with them."

267
00:22:48,034 --> 00:22:50,034
Voiceover: The American
and Saudi governments

268
00:22:50,137 --> 00:22:52,379
eventually demanded
his expulsion

269
00:22:52,482 --> 00:22:54,241
from the safety of Sudan.

270
00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:29,241
They kicked him out of Sudan
and took all his money,

271
00:23:29,344 --> 00:23:32,413
all his projects, everything -

272
00:23:32,517 --> 00:23:34,137
even his own house.

273
00:23:34,241 --> 00:23:38,689
He became a man
who was just angry and hateful

274
00:23:38,793 --> 00:23:42,068
and looking for revenge.

275
00:23:56,448 --> 00:23:59,448
[suspenseful music]

276
00:24:01,310 --> 00:24:06,310
This anger wasn't pure
and wasn't Islamic.

277
00:24:06,413 --> 00:24:09,344
It was self-interest.

278
00:24:09,448 --> 00:24:13,655
It was, "You hurt me,
and I'm going to hurt you back".

279
00:24:13,758 --> 00:24:15,793
And that changed him.

280
00:24:15,896 --> 00:24:21,517
Now he's not the mujahid
who does everything for Allah -

281
00:24:21,620 --> 00:24:24,137
now he's doing things
for himself.

282
00:24:24,241 --> 00:24:28,241
And he went down
a slippery road

283
00:24:28,344 --> 00:24:33,551
to what eventually
he became a terrorist.

284
00:24:35,517 --> 00:24:37,482
Voiceover: When Bin Laden
was expelled from Sudan,

285
00:24:37,586 --> 00:24:39,206
he returned to Afghanistan,

286
00:24:39,310 --> 00:24:42,793
where he had founded
al-Qaeda eight years earlier.

287
00:25:04,965 --> 00:25:06,724
[gunfire]

288
00:25:10,379 --> 00:25:12,862
[gunfire]

289
00:25:24,689 --> 00:25:26,551
Voiceover: On his arrival
in Afghanistan,

290
00:25:26,655 --> 00:25:28,655
Bin Laden was welcomed
and housed

291
00:25:28,758 --> 00:25:31,724
by former mujahideen associates.

292
00:25:33,310 --> 00:25:35,379
It was one of them
that later allowed him

293
00:25:35,482 --> 00:25:37,517
to use land in Tora Bora,

294
00:25:37,620 --> 00:25:41,482
where he established
his infamous al-Qaeda compound.

295
00:25:45,586 --> 00:25:47,275
Aimen Dean: When I arrived
to Afghanistan,

296
00:25:47,379 --> 00:25:48,482
the country was in chaos.

297
00:25:48,586 --> 00:25:49,620
It was civil war.

298
00:25:49,724 --> 00:25:51,689
The Taliban were controlling

299
00:25:51,793 --> 00:25:54,551
roughly about
maybe 60% of the country.

300
00:25:54,655 --> 00:25:57,000
Once you enter Afghanistan
from Pakistan

301
00:25:57,103 --> 00:25:58,965
through the Khyber Pass,

302
00:25:59,068 --> 00:26:01,137
you feel as if
you've travelled in time.

303
00:26:01,241 --> 00:26:03,000
You think, "I'm back 100 years"

304
00:26:03,103 --> 00:26:05,862
because there isn't even
a phone line, even a landline.

305
00:26:05,965 --> 00:26:08,551
You arrive in a very different
era altogether.

306
00:26:11,379 --> 00:26:13,482
The first time
I met Osama Bin Laden,

307
00:26:13,586 --> 00:26:15,172
we enter the compound

308
00:26:15,275 --> 00:26:18,551
and we find lots of crates
and boxes and suitcases

309
00:26:18,655 --> 00:26:20,689
scattered here and there.

310
00:26:20,793 --> 00:26:23,862
People who looked like
as if they just escaped

311
00:26:23,965 --> 00:26:25,517
with their own lives.

312
00:26:27,620 --> 00:26:29,448
When you say 'Osama Bin Laden',

313
00:26:29,551 --> 00:26:31,620
the first image
that comes to your mind

314
00:26:31,724 --> 00:26:35,413
is this iconic image
of the clean, white turban

315
00:26:35,517 --> 00:26:37,448
and the neat, white robes -

316
00:26:37,551 --> 00:26:39,413
no crease whatsoever.

317
00:26:39,517 --> 00:26:44,034
However, our meeting of him
was completely different.

318
00:26:44,137 --> 00:26:47,586
He was wearing, you know,

319
00:26:47,689 --> 00:26:50,206
a robe that was creased,

320
00:26:50,310 --> 00:26:53,793
and the headscarf
was not at all ironed.

321
00:26:54,896 --> 00:26:57,068
So he went in to talk about,

322
00:26:57,172 --> 00:27:00,586
"This is where the march towards
the liberation of Jerusalem

323
00:27:00,689 --> 00:27:04,137
and also the liberation
of Saudi Arabia will start.

324
00:27:04,241 --> 00:27:06,586
This is the victorious vanguard

325
00:27:06,689 --> 00:27:09,758
that the Prophet Muhammed
foretold about

326
00:27:09,862 --> 00:27:11,965
will arise from here,

327
00:27:12,068 --> 00:27:14,517
from the mountains
of Afghanistan,

328
00:27:14,620 --> 00:27:17,344
and will sweep all the way
to the Middle East."

329
00:27:17,448 --> 00:27:20,344
So we were all looking at him
thinking,

330
00:27:20,448 --> 00:27:24,586
I mean,
"We don't see armies here,

331
00:27:24,689 --> 00:27:27,551
we see a bunch of refugees here
in this compound,

332
00:27:27,655 --> 00:27:29,275
and you don't even
own this compound -

333
00:27:29,379 --> 00:27:31,275
you're a guest!"

334
00:27:31,379 --> 00:27:33,896
Voiceover: Bin Laden
escaped from Sudan with his life

335
00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:35,448
but little else.

336
00:27:35,551 --> 00:27:37,758
He had lost
his Saudi citizenship,

337
00:27:37,862 --> 00:27:39,103
his family,

338
00:27:39,206 --> 00:27:41,724
and most importantly,
his fortune.

339
00:27:41,827 --> 00:27:44,000
But his conviction that America

340
00:27:44,103 --> 00:27:47,931
was the mortal enemy of Islam
was undiminished.

341
00:28:08,310 --> 00:28:14,655
Aimen Dean: There is definitely
that quiet charisma about him -

342
00:28:14,758 --> 00:28:19,241
the ability to hold you
and hold your attention

343
00:28:19,344 --> 00:28:21,793
for long enough
for him to explain

344
00:28:21,896 --> 00:28:23,655
what he wants to do.

345
00:28:23,758 --> 00:28:28,206
And the fact that he's not
doing it with shouting style,

346
00:28:28,310 --> 00:28:30,724
or with revolutionary zeal.

347
00:28:30,827 --> 00:28:32,931
He would read your face -

348
00:28:33,034 --> 00:28:35,413
"Look, I know you're sceptical,

349
00:28:35,517 --> 00:28:37,793
I can see it in your faces".

350
00:28:37,896 --> 00:28:41,586
But he already had
a trick up his sleeve

351
00:28:41,689 --> 00:28:44,448
that he could use to say

352
00:28:44,551 --> 00:28:47,896
that you should take
that leap of faith.

353
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:50,620
"With will, determination,
and faith,

354
00:28:50,724 --> 00:28:53,275
we can change
the course of history".

355
00:28:53,379 --> 00:28:56,034
[ominous music]

356
00:28:56,137 --> 00:29:00,620
While his appearance
might have given the impression

357
00:29:00,724 --> 00:29:03,724
that he was not in control
of anything,

358
00:29:03,827 --> 00:29:08,000
his words and his charisma
and determination

359
00:29:08,103 --> 00:29:10,689
really give the impression
of a man with a plan.

360
00:29:10,793 --> 00:29:12,931
And five years and one month,

361
00:29:13,034 --> 00:29:16,448
five years and one month
from that day,

362
00:29:16,551 --> 00:29:20,931
he and his band of refugees
in that compound,

363
00:29:21,034 --> 00:29:22,793
dusty compound in Afghanistan,

364
00:29:22,896 --> 00:29:24,758
changed the course of history.

365
00:29:24,862 --> 00:29:26,896
[gunfire]

366
00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:30,517
Man reading: "First,
we obliterate America.

367
00:29:30,620 --> 00:29:32,620
We can destroy America
from within

368
00:29:32,724 --> 00:29:34,896
by making it economically weak.

369
00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:37,896
That's what we did
with Russia."

370
00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:40,793
- Allahu Akbar!
- Allahu Akbar!

371
00:29:42,517 --> 00:29:45,896
Man reading: "We bled the blood
from their body in Afghanistan.

372
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:50,241
Holy warriors brought
a huge nation to its knees.

373
00:29:50,344 --> 00:29:54,000
We can do the same thing
to America and Israel."

374
00:29:55,931 --> 00:30:00,068
Ali Soufan: Osama Bin Laden
believed

375
00:30:00,172 --> 00:30:02,275
that all these dictatorships

376
00:30:02,379 --> 00:30:05,275
and all these regimes
that exists in the Muslim world

377
00:30:05,379 --> 00:30:07,275
and across the Arab world

378
00:30:07,379 --> 00:30:10,413
exists because of
the United States.

379
00:31:02,586 --> 00:31:06,034
Ali Soufan: The declaration
of jihad of 1996,

380
00:31:06,137 --> 00:31:09,793
it is about America stealing
the wealth of the Muslim world.

381
00:31:09,896 --> 00:31:12,620
It's about America
humiliating Muslims.

382
00:31:12,724 --> 00:31:14,862
It's about, you know, regimes

383
00:31:14,965 --> 00:31:17,103
that works with
the United States

384
00:31:17,206 --> 00:31:22,413
to suppress Muslim people
and the Muslim population.

385
00:31:22,517 --> 00:31:24,655
[energetic music]

386
00:31:29,862 --> 00:31:32,172
[cheering]

387
00:31:35,103 --> 00:31:37,620
Aimen Dean: Osama Bin Laden
talked passionately

388
00:31:37,724 --> 00:31:41,241
about targeting the Americans
for what he called

389
00:31:41,344 --> 00:31:44,620
the 'American cultural invasion'

390
00:31:44,724 --> 00:31:47,172
of the Arab and Muslim world.

391
00:31:47,275 --> 00:31:50,620
The effects
of American TV stations,

392
00:31:50,724 --> 00:31:52,379
American music,
American movies -

393
00:31:52,482 --> 00:31:56,103
he viewed all of this
as corrupting influence.

394
00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:03,310
A cultural and religious enemy
that needs to be confronted.

395
00:32:03,413 --> 00:32:06,413
Voiceover: As word
of Osama Bin Laden's declaration

396
00:32:06,517 --> 00:32:08,241
spread around the world,

397
00:32:08,344 --> 00:32:11,793
journalists began to arrive
in Afghanistan to interview him.

398
00:32:13,689 --> 00:32:16,655
Hamid Mir: When I interviewed
Osama Bin Laden in 1997,

399
00:32:16,758 --> 00:32:20,379
I was the editor
of 'Daily Pakistan'.

400
00:32:30,758 --> 00:32:33,275
From Peshawar,
we entered in Afghanistan

401
00:32:33,379 --> 00:32:37,000
through to Tora Bora mountains.

402
00:32:37,103 --> 00:32:39,068
The start of the meeting
was not very good

403
00:32:39,172 --> 00:32:43,793
because we were taken to a cave,

404
00:32:43,896 --> 00:32:47,000
and on the entrance of that cave

405
00:32:47,103 --> 00:32:52,172
there were some guards who
started searching our bodies.

406
00:32:52,275 --> 00:32:55,379
My cameraman
was very uncomfortable.

407
00:32:57,310 --> 00:33:01,034
Then they started touching
the hidden parts of your body,

408
00:33:01,137 --> 00:33:03,206
so he protested.

409
00:33:03,310 --> 00:33:06,379
And I joined his protest

410
00:33:06,482 --> 00:33:09,689
because I thought
the same will happen with me.

411
00:33:09,793 --> 00:33:12,034
[laughs]

412
00:33:12,137 --> 00:33:17,034
He greeted us a tall man,
very soft-spoken, smiling face.

413
00:33:17,137 --> 00:33:19,586
He was speaking English.

414
00:33:19,689 --> 00:33:21,758
It was not only a cave.

415
00:33:21,862 --> 00:33:24,448
There was a library
full of books.

416
00:33:24,551 --> 00:33:27,758
There was kitchen,
guestroom, washroom -

417
00:33:27,862 --> 00:33:30,137
everything was there.

418
00:33:31,793 --> 00:33:33,448
Voiceover: Hamid Mir
was investigating

419
00:33:33,551 --> 00:33:35,862
whether Bin Laden was
responsible for the deaths

420
00:33:35,965 --> 00:33:39,551
of more than 20 UN peacekeepers
in Somalia

421
00:33:39,655 --> 00:33:41,413
four years earlier.

422
00:33:43,931 --> 00:33:46,517
Hamid Mir: He was trying
to speak about his problems

423
00:33:46,620 --> 00:33:49,862
with the Saudi government
and the American government,

424
00:33:49,965 --> 00:33:54,586
and I was dragging him
back to Somalia again and again.

425
00:33:54,689 --> 00:33:58,379
He was trying to
send his message to world,

426
00:33:58,482 --> 00:34:01,551
and I was trying
to get my story from him.

427
00:34:01,655 --> 00:34:05,172
Frankly speaking,
when I met him first time...

428
00:34:06,724 --> 00:34:08,379
..due to my ignorance,

429
00:34:08,482 --> 00:34:13,137
due to my lack of information
about him,

430
00:34:13,241 --> 00:34:15,172
I was not very careful.

431
00:34:15,275 --> 00:34:17,344
But when I came back,

432
00:34:17,448 --> 00:34:19,965
the Egyptian ambassador,
he called me.

433
00:34:20,068 --> 00:34:22,413
He was a very good friend
of mine.

434
00:34:22,517 --> 00:34:28,275
And he said, "Do you know
you met the biggest terrorist

435
00:34:28,379 --> 00:34:30,241
in the world?"

436
00:34:30,344 --> 00:34:33,827
So that was, you see,
a big statement for me.

437
00:34:33,931 --> 00:34:37,448
I said, "Mr Ambassador,
I just went there,

438
00:34:37,551 --> 00:34:40,000
and I wanted to know
why he killed them".

439
00:34:40,103 --> 00:34:43,793
He said, "No, no,
he is the head

440
00:34:43,896 --> 00:34:47,931
of a multinational
terrorist militia".

441
00:34:48,034 --> 00:34:51,103
Voiceover: In the same month
that he met Hamid Mir,

442
00:34:51,206 --> 00:34:52,758
Bin Laden gave his first

443
00:34:52,862 --> 00:34:56,551
international
television interview, to CNN.

444
00:34:56,655 --> 00:34:58,965
Mr Bin Laden,
you have declared a jihad

445
00:34:59,068 --> 00:35:01,206
against the United States.

446
00:35:01,310 --> 00:35:03,310
Can you tell us why?

447
00:35:24,551 --> 00:35:26,862
Tracy Walder: I was actually
working out in a gym,

448
00:35:26,965 --> 00:35:30,689
and I saw this individual
on CNN being interviewed,

449
00:35:30,793 --> 00:35:33,275
and his name
was Osama Bin Laden.

450
00:35:37,344 --> 00:35:39,793
Through the course
of that interview,

451
00:35:39,896 --> 00:35:42,689
when asked about
his plans for the US,

452
00:35:42,793 --> 00:35:46,482
he had a smirk,
but his eyes lit up

453
00:35:46,586 --> 00:35:48,517
when he was asked about

454
00:35:48,620 --> 00:35:50,482
what his plans were
for the United States.

455
00:35:50,586 --> 00:35:53,827
I actually remember that,
strangely, very specifically.

456
00:35:53,931 --> 00:35:56,413
And, you know,
I guess in hindsight,

457
00:35:56,517 --> 00:35:58,965
looking back,
this was clearly a big plan

458
00:35:59,068 --> 00:36:01,206
that he was very excited about.

459
00:36:01,310 --> 00:36:03,241
But his eyes
actually spoke to me

460
00:36:03,344 --> 00:36:07,000
more than the smile on his face.

461
00:36:26,931 --> 00:36:30,551
Voiceover: With new recruits
arriving all the time,

462
00:36:30,655 --> 00:36:33,620
Bin Laden established
a large al-Qaeda training camp

463
00:36:33,724 --> 00:36:36,448
called Tarnak Farms.

464
00:36:38,551 --> 00:36:39,965
Tracy Walder: We knew that

465
00:36:40,068 --> 00:36:41,896
he was using these camps
to train terrorists.

466
00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:43,517
There were a lot
of propaganda videos

467
00:36:43,620 --> 00:36:45,000
that they had put out there

468
00:36:45,103 --> 00:36:46,965
about these terrorist
training camps.

469
00:36:47,068 --> 00:36:48,965
It wasn't necessarily a secret,

470
00:36:49,068 --> 00:36:52,034
the secret more was what was
going on in those camps.

471
00:36:52,137 --> 00:36:54,655
You know, what were they
being trained for?

472
00:36:54,758 --> 00:36:56,965
Who was in those camps?
What were they doing?

473
00:36:57,068 --> 00:37:00,172
And so that was really my job,
was to get intelligence

474
00:37:00,275 --> 00:37:02,586
on what was actually going on
in the camps.

475
00:37:02,689 --> 00:37:06,068
Voiceover: It was at
Tarnak Farms training camp

476
00:37:06,172 --> 00:37:09,931
where Bin Laden met Aimen Dean
for the second time.

477
00:37:10,034 --> 00:37:13,896
Aimen Dean: It was between
60 and 80 structures.

478
00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:15,586
It looks like barracks,
basically.

479
00:37:16,965 --> 00:37:19,241
Bin Laden's appearance
was a far cry

480
00:37:19,344 --> 00:37:21,827
from that appearance
a year earlier.

481
00:37:21,931 --> 00:37:26,172
His robes were neat and ironed.

482
00:37:26,275 --> 00:37:28,344
His turban was clean.

483
00:37:28,448 --> 00:37:31,344
I remember
in that second meeting,

484
00:37:31,448 --> 00:37:33,310
I joined al-Qaeda

485
00:37:33,413 --> 00:37:35,793
officially to swear
the oath of allegiance

486
00:37:35,896 --> 00:37:37,586
to Osama Bin Laden.

487
00:37:37,689 --> 00:37:40,103
The oath of allegiance
is a handshake,

488
00:37:40,206 --> 00:37:44,000
and with it you say
these words in Arabic.

489
00:37:44,103 --> 00:37:47,137
[speaks Arabic]

490
00:37:54,275 --> 00:37:57,413
You say like that,
"I give you my allegiance

491
00:37:57,517 --> 00:38:00,034
to obey you
in the good times,

492
00:38:00,137 --> 00:38:01,655
in the bad times.

493
00:38:01,758 --> 00:38:03,758
I fight against those
who you fight against

494
00:38:03,862 --> 00:38:07,103
and I make peace with those
who you make peace with,

495
00:38:07,206 --> 00:38:09,586
without disobeying God."

496
00:38:09,689 --> 00:38:12,724
And this baya'a,
or this allegiance,

497
00:38:12,827 --> 00:38:14,413
is the allegiance of war.

498
00:38:14,517 --> 00:38:17,000
You understand
that you are on the path

499
00:38:17,103 --> 00:38:20,586
towards supporting
and protecting

500
00:38:20,689 --> 00:38:23,241
our entire Muslim nation.

501
00:38:23,344 --> 00:38:25,241
I mean, I thought
I was joining for life.

502
00:39:14,241 --> 00:39:17,241
[suspenseful music]

503
00:39:32,758 --> 00:39:35,793
[gentle music]

504
00:39:37,448 --> 00:39:40,551
In the month
of September of 1997,

505
00:39:40,655 --> 00:39:42,931
when I gave my allegiance
to al-Qaeda

506
00:39:43,034 --> 00:39:45,724
and I became
part of their ranks,

507
00:39:45,827 --> 00:39:48,724
they sent me
to a specialist camp

508
00:39:48,827 --> 00:39:51,517
that was for bomb-making

509
00:39:51,620 --> 00:39:54,137
and chemical weapons
and poison.

510
00:39:58,137 --> 00:40:01,620
It is a beautiful place to be.

511
00:40:01,724 --> 00:40:05,586
Tobogganing was one of
the favourite pastimes

512
00:40:05,689 --> 00:40:07,379
for the jihadis over there.

513
00:40:07,482 --> 00:40:09,517
And that included
Osama Bin Laden's kids.

514
00:40:10,793 --> 00:40:12,482
There were four of us
being trained.

515
00:40:12,586 --> 00:40:15,689
So we are four,
plus the instructor.

516
00:40:15,793 --> 00:40:19,137
He was telling us the reason why
there are only four of you

517
00:40:19,241 --> 00:40:23,206
is because the more, you know,
students you have,

518
00:40:23,310 --> 00:40:24,931
the more the possibility

519
00:40:25,034 --> 00:40:26,758
there will be an idiot
among you.

520
00:40:26,862 --> 00:40:29,586
"Your first mistake
is your last mistake."

521
00:40:29,689 --> 00:40:31,793
Chemicals tend to get angry

522
00:40:31,896 --> 00:40:34,517
if you mix them
in the wrong order

523
00:40:34,620 --> 00:40:36,000
or in the wrong quantities

524
00:40:36,103 --> 00:40:37,689
or under the wrong conditions,

525
00:40:37,793 --> 00:40:39,551
and then you could
blow yourself up.

526
00:40:39,655 --> 00:40:43,517
I started to hear
from my fellow trainees

527
00:40:43,620 --> 00:40:47,517
ideas about using these
in civilian settings -

528
00:40:47,620 --> 00:40:50,965
cinemas, nightclubs
and movie theatres,

529
00:40:51,068 --> 00:40:55,379
as venues for these devices
and chemical weapons.

530
00:40:55,482 --> 00:40:59,137
Osama Bin Laden's message
was very clear -

531
00:40:59,241 --> 00:41:01,758
to push forward
towards, you know,

532
00:41:01,862 --> 00:41:04,965
a full-fledged war
against the Americans.

533
00:41:06,586 --> 00:41:08,620
Man reads: "Every tribe
on the Peninsula of the Arabs

534
00:41:08,724 --> 00:41:11,068
must struggle
on the path of Allah

535
00:41:11,172 --> 00:41:13,689
and cleanse the lands
from those occupiers.

536
00:41:13,793 --> 00:41:17,137
God knows that their blood
can be spilled with impunity

537
00:41:17,241 --> 00:41:19,000
and their wealth seized

538
00:41:19,103 --> 00:41:20,758
by denigrating them
with everything

539
00:41:20,862 --> 00:41:23,896
that will lead them
to being chased out, crushed

540
00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:27,275
and defeated
from Islamic holy places."

541
00:41:27,379 --> 00:41:30,758
[ominous music]

542
00:41:30,862 --> 00:41:34,034
Focusing on the Americans
resonated,

543
00:41:34,137 --> 00:41:37,103
because we're not fighting
against any fellow Muslims.

544
00:42:32,793 --> 00:42:35,724
Voiceover: Despite
Abu Hafs' reservations,

545
00:42:35,827 --> 00:42:39,344
Osama Bin Laden
pushed forward with his plan

546
00:42:39,448 --> 00:42:42,206
and issued new orders
to his bomb-makers

547
00:42:42,310 --> 00:42:44,551
in the Tora Bora caves.

548
00:42:50,517 --> 00:42:55,206
We were told
that Osama Bin Laden sanctioned

549
00:42:55,310 --> 00:42:58,620
the establishment of
a suicide squad within al-Qaeda.

550
00:42:58,724 --> 00:43:02,517
I didn't know that one of them
was already a friend of mine

551
00:43:02,620 --> 00:43:06,482
who sat next to me in the first
meeting with Osama Bin Laden.

552
00:43:06,586 --> 00:43:08,206
Now, you have to understand

553
00:43:08,310 --> 00:43:12,758
that the use of suicide bombers
by jihadis

554
00:43:12,862 --> 00:43:17,517
outside of
the Palestinian context

555
00:43:17,620 --> 00:43:19,758
really never happened,

556
00:43:19,862 --> 00:43:22,172
because suicide is suicide.

557
00:43:22,275 --> 00:43:23,655
We understood that

558
00:43:23,758 --> 00:43:27,827
killing oneself is wrong
no matter what.

559
00:43:27,931 --> 00:43:31,206
The blanket prohibition
on suicide

560
00:43:31,310 --> 00:43:33,827
stood the test of time,
like 1,400 years.

561
00:43:33,931 --> 00:43:38,068
Finally, they have crossed
the Rubicon here,

562
00:43:38,172 --> 00:43:41,241
and they decided that
suicide bombing now

563
00:43:41,344 --> 00:43:42,689
is the way forward

564
00:43:42,793 --> 00:43:45,310
in order to target
the Americans,

565
00:43:45,413 --> 00:43:48,379
and especially impregnable
American targets

566
00:43:48,482 --> 00:43:50,551
that they wanted to attack.

567
00:43:50,655 --> 00:43:55,241
I think this is where
the biggest theological shift

568
00:43:55,344 --> 00:43:57,275
within al-Qaeda really occurred.

569
00:43:57,379 --> 00:43:59,827
I remember we were
talking about it

570
00:43:59,931 --> 00:44:01,896
day and night,

571
00:44:02,000 --> 00:44:06,103
and debating and debating
and debating the merits,

572
00:44:06,206 --> 00:44:09,379
the theological aspects of it

573
00:44:09,482 --> 00:44:11,793
because it was such a big thing.

574
00:44:13,310 --> 00:44:15,655
Voiceover: Al-Qaeda
was changing fast.

575
00:44:15,758 --> 00:44:18,586
Increasingly,
Bin Laden aligned himself

576
00:44:18,689 --> 00:44:20,724
with more radical thinkers.

577
00:44:20,827 --> 00:44:24,862
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed,
a militant Pakistani Islamist,

578
00:44:24,965 --> 00:44:27,000
came to him with a plan.

579
00:44:28,310 --> 00:44:29,896
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

580
00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:32,896
always had this dream

581
00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:34,655
to use planes

582
00:44:34,758 --> 00:44:36,689
to attack the World Trade Center

583
00:44:36,793 --> 00:44:39,137
and other facilities.

584
00:44:39,241 --> 00:44:40,862
Osama Bin Laden listened,

585
00:44:40,965 --> 00:44:43,655
and then he looked at
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

586
00:44:43,758 --> 00:44:49,862
and he said, "Why do you want to
go to war with an axe

587
00:44:49,965 --> 00:44:52,103
when you can go with
a bulldozer?"

588
00:44:52,206 --> 00:44:54,758
And he started
changing the plan

589
00:44:54,862 --> 00:45:00,862
to include hijacking planes

590
00:45:00,965 --> 00:45:03,931
that are going from the
east coast to the west coast,

591
00:45:04,034 --> 00:45:06,068
because they're going to be
full of fuel,

592
00:45:06,172 --> 00:45:07,551
and hit them, you know,

593
00:45:07,655 --> 00:45:10,068
fly them
into targeted buildings.

594
00:45:10,172 --> 00:45:15,931
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
started to work on developing

595
00:45:16,034 --> 00:45:18,482
the operational elements
of this.

596
00:45:18,586 --> 00:45:21,620
[ominous music]

597
00:45:31,724 --> 00:45:33,965
Ali Soufan:
He was a true believer,

598
00:45:34,068 --> 00:45:38,241
and he did not care
how many people will die

599
00:45:38,344 --> 00:45:39,965
in the process for him

600
00:45:40,068 --> 00:45:43,103
to accomplish his goal
and his outcome.

601
00:45:43,206 --> 00:45:46,206
[suspenseful music]

602
00:45:48,206 --> 00:45:50,827
At the time,

603
00:45:50,931 --> 00:45:53,310
it was obvious for people

604
00:45:53,413 --> 00:45:55,620
who are working
Osama Bin Laden

605
00:45:55,724 --> 00:45:57,655
that he is planning
to do something.

606
00:45:57,758 --> 00:46:00,068
He's escalating his narrative.

607
00:46:00,172 --> 00:46:02,586
Something is coming.

608
00:46:02,689 --> 00:46:05,689
[suspenseful music continues]

609
00:46:11,965 --> 00:46:15,000
Captioned by Ai-Media
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