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‪NETFLIX 紀錄片系列

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{\an8}‪幾年前，蜜雪兒和我
‪帶女兒去了巴塔哥尼亞

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‪在白雪皚皚的高山和清澈的湖水之間

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‪我們讚嘆一個難得一見的奇景

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‪渾然天成的荒野

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‪人類的影響已經遍佈整個地球

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‪國家公園可以保護我們仍然擁有的

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‪但要做到真正的改變
‪就必須把更多土地還給大自然

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‪在智利屬巴塔哥尼亞
‪大片土地重新變成野地

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‪回復到人類出現之前

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‪自然平衡的狀態

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‪這個地區正迅速成為
‪地球上最受保護的地方之一

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‪智利屬巴塔哥尼亞
‪有24個獨特的國家公園

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‪涵蓋各式各樣的地貌…

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‪全世界最長的山脈

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‪安地斯山脈，像脊柱一樣貫穿南北

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‪中央是蒼翠的森林

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‪以及遼闊的巴塔哥尼亞草原

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‪海岸線上

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‪太平洋的原始力量

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‪巴塔哥尼亞重新定義了

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‪國家公園的概念

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‪劇名：
‪智利：巴塔哥尼亞

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‪智利位於南美洲西部的海岸上

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‪是世界上最長的國家

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‪從北到南綿延超過四千公里

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‪南部就是偏僻的智利屬巴塔哥尼亞

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‪這裡有大片土地劃分給24個國家公園

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‪其中最有名的是百內國家公園

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‪地標式的三座高峰睥睨大地

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‪這座公園住著數量益多的
‪智利最大型陸地掠食動物

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‪美洲獅

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‪這個媽媽有四張小嘴要餵

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‪牠需要打獵

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‪而為了最佳的成功機會

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‪牠必須把寶寶留下來

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‪牠們的生存
‪仰賴牠的神出鬼沒和足智多謀

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‪原駝，本地駱馬的始祖

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‪也是牠主要的獵物

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‪融入環境，是牠發動突襲的最好機會

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‪美洲獅打獵
‪五次會有四次以失敗告終

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‪不得不找別的機會餵寶寶

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‪牠會帶著一家子繼續移動

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‪牠們不是唯一在找食物的美洲獅

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‪附近有隻較年輕的獨行母獅

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‪也在打獵

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‪牠在制高點上

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‪看到了一群原駝

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‪牠們後面是湖，逃跑路線有限

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‪要制伏體重可多牠三倍的動物

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‪牠需要一切條件都對牠有利

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‪牠幾經摔打、傷痕累累
‪再一次鎩羽而歸

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‪媽媽和牠的寶寶在一個池塘邊

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‪發現了一具原駝的屍體

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‪飢餓的一家子盡可能搜刮

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‪這具屍體遭到殺害又有部分被埋起來

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‪只代表一件事

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‪這些食物另有其主

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‪獨行母獅

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‪生面孔似乎讓小獅子很緊張

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‪但媽媽很冷靜

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‪這是牠去年生的女兒

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‪獨行母獅把牠的屍體要回去

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‪牠可能是小美洲獅的姐姐
‪但不代表牠樂意分享

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‪牠濕漉漉的弟弟得在一旁等著

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‪又一頭來了

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‪還讓牠共享大餐

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‪直到最近，一般都認為
‪美洲獅是獨來獨往的動物

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‪而獅子和獵豹是唯二的群居大貓

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‪但發現如此強大的社群關係

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‪改變了科學家對美洲獅的看法

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‪這個避難所的建立
‪保護了這些大貓遠離牧場主

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‪後者可能為保護牲畜而出手

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‪空間和獵物也因此增加

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‪對手之間就不太需要衝突了

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‪這個公園現在是世界上美洲獅

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‪密度數一數二高的地方

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‪而這種威猛的動物
‪在整個智利南部的數量

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‪也在慢慢恢復中

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‪往北500公里，安地斯山脈邊

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‪就是巴塔哥尼亞國家公園

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‪這是該地區最新的公園之一
‪看起來或許像荒野

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‪但直到最近之前，一直用來牧羊

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‪美洲獅和牠們的獵物，原駝
‪在這裡遭到迫害

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‪現在，家畜移走了
‪野生動物受到保護

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‪大地開始恢復自然平衡

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‪美洲獅的數量仍然很低

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‪原駝很快就在公園裡到處出沒

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‪而這隻公駝正希望一展雄風

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‪牠來這裡是為了尋找優質牧場

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‪好到能吸引母駝

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‪一群娘子軍

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‪在牧草豐美的地方

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‪但已經被一隻巨大的當家公駝霸占了

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‪而這一群不夠大

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‪不夠牠們兩個分

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‪當家公駝衝過去，想證明誰是老大

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‪而且牠的體型不至於太大
‪還能往下盤攻擊

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‪單身漢被趕得遠遠的…

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‪直到牠終於落荒而逃

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‪勝利者回到母駝身邊

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‪卻發現

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‪另一隻入侵者趁虛而入了

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‪當家公駝忙著驅趕新對手

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‪單身漢偷偷溜回來…

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‪抓住機會…

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‪終於得償所願

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‪有了這些國家公園的設立

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‪農業圍欄拆掉了

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‪原駝可以更自由活動

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‪混合並強化基因庫

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‪懷孕將近一年後

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‪這隻媽媽要生了

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‪原駝寶寶需要盡快站起來

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‪在短短兩週內

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‪會有數千隻原駝寶寶
‪在這裡踏出第一步

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‪母駝都在同一段時間生產

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‪充分利用數量優勢帶來的安全

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‪在野外，你永遠不知道誰在虎視眈眈

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‪隨著原駝群逐漸壯大

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‪美洲獅的數量也有機會增加

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‪讓大自然恢復生機

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‪在世界各地，有許多國家公園

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‪是受到保護的荒野，遺世獨立

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‪要真正蓬勃發展

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‪動物不只需要保護

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‪也需要安全的通道

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‪有能力自由移動，尋找食物

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‪領地或伴侶

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‪從2017年開始，智利就努力

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‪連接散布各地的野生空間

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‪把國家公園跟其他保護區
‪和海洋公園連在一起

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‪創造一個網絡，野生動物保護廊道

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‪連結超過12萬平方公里的
‪智利屬巴塔哥尼亞

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‪這個網絡的中心
‪是卡斯蒂約山國家公園

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‪這裡住著一度瀕臨絕種的動物

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‪現在正華麗回歸…

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‪康多兀鷲

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‪康多兀鷲是食腐動物

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‪牠們專吃死掉的動物

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‪在移除廢棄物
‪防止疾病上扮演關鍵角色

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‪過去，地主為了保護牲畜

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‪會獵殺和毒殺牠們

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‪不過現在，這種英武的鳥類數量

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‪又開始回升了

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‪牠們在這些林木蔥鬱的
‪險峻懸崖上築巢

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‪每天飛行幾百哩尋找食物

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‪留在家裡的…

149
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‪是脆弱的小兀鷲

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‪牠的體型或許跟成年兀鷲差不多

151
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‪但這隻超大的寶寶只有九個月大

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‪康多兀鷲是世界上最大的翱翔鳥類

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‪牠的翼展可能會長到超過三公尺

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‪不過現在

155
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‪牠還在學怎麼用而已

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00:23:22,723 --> 00:23:23,963
‪牠越來越勇敢了

157
00:23:36,443 --> 00:23:41,643
‪但第一次嘗試就從這裡起飛
‪會非常危險

158
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‪還是回到安全的地方好了…

159
00:24:06,563 --> 00:24:07,443
‪只要牠回得去

160
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‪牠的爸媽回來了

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‪終於有早餐吃了

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‪為了給牠最好的機會

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‪牠們一次只會養一隻寶寶

164
00:24:53,923 --> 00:24:56,163
‪但牠們的辛苦要得到回報

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‪牠就要靠自己的力量飛上天

166
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‪也許牠需要先看看該怎麼飛

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‪是時候…

168
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‪進行牠的第一次飛行了

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‪哎，總歸是個開始

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‪好多了

171
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‪這種鳥太重了
‪沒辦法拍拍翅膀就飛起來

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‪要長時間留在空中，進行長途飛行

173
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‪牠必須學會乘風飛翔

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‪爸媽帶牠進入氣流中
‪隨著上升熱氣流往上飛

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‪兀鷲寶寶會陪在爸媽身邊兩年

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‪在那之前，牠會每天展翅

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‪越長越強壯
‪直到牠也可以飛越安地斯山脈

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‪往北一千公里處

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‪地貌開始改變

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‪這裡，火山睥睨大地

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‪用熔岩流給大地留下傷痕

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‪原始林就在其間生長

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00:28:25,243 --> 00:28:28,883
‪位於最北邊的是孔吉利奧國家公園

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‪這最後的堡壘捍衛著瀕危的南洋杉

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‪猴謎樹

186
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‪這些巨無霸長得超過45公尺

187
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‪在巴塔哥尼亞北部曾經隨處可見

188
00:28:49,203 --> 00:28:52,123
‪但它們遭到砍伐，把土地改成農地

189
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‪現在只存在於一小片的原始林裡

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‪在猴謎樹的樹蔭下

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‪長著嬌嫩的山毛櫸林

192
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‪住在這裡的是地球上絕無僅有的動物

193
00:29:23,443 --> 00:29:24,363
‪普度鹿

194
00:29:27,203 --> 00:29:28,883
‪世界上最小的鹿

195
00:29:31,123 --> 00:29:34,603
‪這個長了斑點的寶寶
‪可能可以放在你的掌心

196
00:29:38,843 --> 00:29:41,763
‪還有美洲最小的野貓

197
00:29:42,443 --> 00:29:46,603
‪南美林貓甚至沒有寵物貓那麼大

198
00:29:49,723 --> 00:29:51,683
‪除了這些小型哺乳類之外

199
00:29:53,003 --> 00:29:55,883
‪瓦爾迪維亞森林也住著

200
00:29:55,963 --> 00:29:59,203
‪世界上數一數二奇特的昆蟲…

201
00:30:06,723 --> 00:30:08,403
‪智利鍬形蟲

202
00:30:11,163 --> 00:30:15,123
‪公蟲身上長了像鹿角一樣的大顎
‪又叫鹿角甲蟲

203
00:30:18,723 --> 00:30:21,643
‪這隻聞到了母蟲的氣味

204
00:30:25,603 --> 00:30:27,363
‪可是牠在30公尺高的

205
00:30:27,963 --> 00:30:29,843
‪山毛櫸樹上

206
00:30:39,923 --> 00:30:44,163
‪對牠來說，這就像
‪人類爬艾菲爾鐵塔一樣

207
00:30:44,843 --> 00:30:45,883
‪兩倍高

208
00:30:49,643 --> 00:30:53,843
‪四面八方的公蟲都能感應到
‪母蟲的魅惑香氣

209
00:30:57,083 --> 00:30:58,803
‪比賽開始了

210
00:31:16,563 --> 00:31:19,163
‪終於，牠搶先情敵

211
00:31:19,763 --> 00:31:20,963
‪到達樹梢

212
00:31:24,843 --> 00:31:26,963
‪看到美嬌娘了

213
00:31:37,523 --> 00:31:39,803
‪不過牠有個挑戰者

214
00:31:46,803 --> 00:31:48,243
‪牠們互相打量

215
00:31:54,603 --> 00:31:58,203
‪現在，那對巨大的武器發威了

216
00:32:01,683 --> 00:32:06,883
‪這是相對於體型來說
‪動物史上數一數二大的武器

217
00:32:09,683 --> 00:32:11,323
‪它們進化成能抓握

218
00:32:12,723 --> 00:32:13,683
‪還能舉起

219
00:32:16,643 --> 00:32:18,203
‪牠的對手先出擊

220
00:32:33,523 --> 00:32:34,923
‪但牠扭轉乾坤

221
00:32:36,443 --> 00:32:38,323
‪佔了上風

222
00:32:55,163 --> 00:32:59,923
‪終於，牠可以毫無阻隔一親芳澤了

223
00:33:23,523 --> 00:33:25,803
‪隨著夜幕籠罩公園

224
00:33:27,203 --> 00:33:30,603
‪我們想到了我們在宇宙中的地位

225
00:33:35,123 --> 00:33:37,763
‪藉由仔細管理光害

226
00:33:37,843 --> 00:33:40,483
‪保護區上方的天空

227
00:33:40,563 --> 00:33:43,643
‪仍然是地球上數一數二黑暗的

228
00:33:49,083 --> 00:33:52,763
‪在萬里無雲的夜晚
‪可以看到太陽系的行星

229
00:33:55,843 --> 00:33:57,803
‪銀河系的繁星

230
00:33:59,283 --> 00:34:03,403
‪還有鄰近星系遙遠的星光

231
00:34:08,323 --> 00:34:10,403
‪用肉眼都看得到

232
00:34:18,723 --> 00:34:20,523
‪在夜色的掩護下

233
00:34:21,443 --> 00:34:26,403
‪一種夜間活動的林間動物
‪正在幫助牠住的地方再生

234
00:34:31,483 --> 00:34:33,163
‪我們利用新式攝影機技術

235
00:34:33,243 --> 00:34:36,283
‪揭露了牠古怪的夜間活動

236
00:34:39,163 --> 00:34:40,803
‪南猊

237
00:34:45,443 --> 00:34:47,323
‪“山裡的小猴子”

238
00:34:52,563 --> 00:34:56,323
‪但南猊不是猴子，牠是有袋類

239
00:35:03,363 --> 00:35:04,843
‪雖然牠很小

240
00:35:07,243 --> 00:35:10,763
‪但是這些大樹很依賴牠

241
00:35:17,483 --> 00:35:21,483
‪牠每天晚上都要吃掉
‪跟自己一樣重的食物

242
00:35:29,363 --> 00:35:34,083
‪牠一生中會幫助至少20種植物播種

243
00:35:35,003 --> 00:35:36,323
‪因為牠吃掉果子…

244
00:35:38,763 --> 00:35:41,963
‪把種子丟到別的地方去

245
00:36:03,003 --> 00:36:04,483
‪破曉時分

246
00:36:06,123 --> 00:36:09,043
‪牠回到隱密的窩裡去睡覺

247
00:36:13,123 --> 00:36:14,843
‪牠並不孤單

248
00:36:19,243 --> 00:36:24,283
‪這些公共巢穴最多可以
‪住上十隻不相干的南猊

249
00:36:24,363 --> 00:36:25,643
‪依偎在一起

250
00:36:45,523 --> 00:36:48,283
‪有了這些“山裡的小猴子”

251
00:36:48,363 --> 00:36:51,163
‪有可能會有一個
‪廣大的瓦爾迪維亞森林

252
00:36:52,003 --> 00:36:55,243
‪再度從安地斯山脈一路延伸

253
00:36:56,723 --> 00:36:58,083
‪到太平洋去

254
00:37:08,723 --> 00:37:13,843
‪智利有超過6400公里
‪蜿蜒的太平洋海岸

255
00:37:21,323 --> 00:37:23,003
‪在末次冰期

256
00:37:23,083 --> 00:37:26,803
‪冰河從山頂流入大海

257
00:37:41,723 --> 00:37:42,883
‪隨著冰河移動

258
00:37:44,123 --> 00:37:48,323
‪造就了巴塔哥尼亞
‪迷宮般的深長海岸峽灣

259
00:37:53,403 --> 00:37:56,003
‪這些巨大的冰山只剩少數還留存

260
00:37:58,123 --> 00:38:01,283
‪這裡是聖拉斐爾冰河

261
00:38:20,043 --> 00:38:24,923
‪每年春天，這裡的峽灣
‪就會迴盪著一首永恆的歌

262
00:39:12,443 --> 00:39:16,603
‪這是公豹形海豹餘音繚繞的叫聲

263
00:39:24,203 --> 00:39:27,443
‪牠是來利用冰山進行繁殖的

264
00:39:29,923 --> 00:39:34,203
‪牠會日夜唱歌來吸引配偶…

265
00:39:36,843 --> 00:39:40,643
‪牠精心製作的情歌高低起伏

266
00:39:40,723 --> 00:39:42,363
‪變化多端

267
00:39:48,323 --> 00:39:50,963
‪牠優美的曲調

268
00:39:51,043 --> 00:39:53,323
‪可以傳到四面八方去

269
00:39:59,443 --> 00:40:00,403
‪一隻母海豹

270
00:40:03,803 --> 00:40:05,523
‪聽到了公海豹的歌聲

271
00:40:08,043 --> 00:40:09,883
‪在短短的繁殖季期間

272
00:40:10,403 --> 00:40:14,083
‪豹形海豹會徹夜在水底唱歌

273
00:40:18,243 --> 00:40:22,123
‪聽了一整晚的求愛曲
‪牠累壞了，躺在冰上休息

274
00:40:30,723 --> 00:40:32,763
‪小夜曲很誘人

275
00:40:48,523 --> 00:40:49,603
‪牠過去了

276
00:41:00,323 --> 00:41:01,323
‪卻發現

277
00:41:02,643 --> 00:41:04,123
‪牠可能的追求者

278
00:41:05,403 --> 00:41:07,243
‪還在睡夢中

279
00:41:13,843 --> 00:41:16,563
‪科學家認為在繁殖季期間

280
00:41:16,643 --> 00:41:20,403
‪豹形海豹會分泌超大量的激素

281
00:41:21,923 --> 00:41:24,043
‪連在睡覺時都會叫

282
00:41:34,723 --> 00:41:36,563
‪太陽開始落下之際

283
00:41:46,243 --> 00:41:48,323
‪牠終於醒了

284
00:42:14,043 --> 00:42:19,283
‪牠們躲到冰層下
‪唱起了求愛二重唱

285
00:42:30,643 --> 00:42:34,123
‪雖然有將近一半的智利屬
‪巴塔哥尼亞土地受到保護

286
00:42:34,843 --> 00:42:37,643
‪受到保護的海岸水域卻不到五分之一

287
00:42:44,163 --> 00:42:47,163
‪距離智利本土南端110公里的外海

288
00:42:48,883 --> 00:42:52,963
‪是亞南極地區的迭戈拉米雷斯群島

289
00:42:54,483 --> 00:42:57,723
‪是巴塔哥尼亞
‪少數受到保護的海洋區域

290
00:42:59,723 --> 00:43:02,643
‪三個海洋在岸邊交會

291
00:43:04,803 --> 00:43:06,643
‪西邊是太平洋

292
00:43:10,323 --> 00:43:12,683
‪東邊是大西洋

293
00:43:14,163 --> 00:43:17,883
‪南邊則是凶險的南冰洋

294
00:43:22,763 --> 00:43:26,963
‪雖然被世界上最危險的海洋包圍

295
00:43:27,643 --> 00:43:30,563
‪這裡依然生機盎然

296
00:43:35,203 --> 00:43:39,283
‪這個群島提供了安全的避風港
‪讓超過兩百萬隻海鳥築巢

297
00:43:42,963 --> 00:43:47,363
‪信天翁群落在濃密的草叢中
‪壓出一條條河流來

298
00:43:55,843 --> 00:43:59,723
‪這是世界上少數沒有
‪越來越淒涼的信天翁群落

299
00:43:59,803 --> 00:44:02,163
‪因為這個島上沒有掠食動物

300
00:44:02,243 --> 00:44:04,963
‪再加上海洋公園內禁止捕魚

301
00:44:10,363 --> 00:44:14,243
‪不是所有在這裡生活的動物
‪都可以從空中輕鬆抵達

302
00:44:23,443 --> 00:44:26,563
‪鳳頭黃眉企鵝也在這裡築巢

303
00:44:31,963 --> 00:44:36,043
‪企鵝爸媽必須輪流游數百哩

304
00:44:36,123 --> 00:44:38,483
‪為肚子餓的寶寶找食物

305
00:44:49,043 --> 00:44:53,003
‪牠們一次最多會離開三天

306
00:45:01,963 --> 00:45:04,203
‪但這段路程最危險的部分

307
00:45:04,883 --> 00:45:06,003
‪是回程

308
00:45:13,363 --> 00:45:15,363
‪被海浪拋向岸邊

309
00:45:20,723 --> 00:45:24,203
‪只不過海洋並不是牠們最擔心的事

310
00:45:29,483 --> 00:45:32,523
‪南海獅在這些水域巡邏

311
00:45:46,843 --> 00:45:48,883
‪尋找每一群打魚回來的企鵝

312
00:45:52,603 --> 00:45:54,643
‪有的永遠回不了家

313
00:46:06,043 --> 00:46:08,163
‪一隻母企鵝衝過重重危險

314
00:46:08,883 --> 00:46:10,283
‪回到孩子身邊

315
00:46:15,043 --> 00:46:17,763
‪但這些海獅游泳的速度是牠的三倍

316
00:46:22,443 --> 00:46:23,803
‪牠最好的生存機會…

317
00:46:27,043 --> 00:46:28,483
‪是離開水面

318
00:46:49,443 --> 00:46:50,923
‪終於安全了

319
00:46:58,243 --> 00:46:59,163
‪也許沒有

320
00:47:42,843 --> 00:47:44,443
‪驚險逃生

321
00:47:58,363 --> 00:48:02,323
‪現在，要辛苦爬回巢穴

322
00:48:48,163 --> 00:48:50,083
‪就為了餵飽寶寶

323
00:48:50,643 --> 00:48:54,523
‪每一隻企鵝爸媽都要冒著生命危險

324
00:48:57,523 --> 00:49:01,523
‪輪流走這一趟，再持續六個月

325
00:49:02,243 --> 00:49:06,323
‪直到小企鵝能夠躲過海獅的圍堵

326
00:49:25,563 --> 00:49:31,163
‪這個海洋公園現在保護了
‪超過14萬平方公里的海洋

327
00:49:33,763 --> 00:49:38,203
‪把智利屬巴塔哥尼亞
‪野生動物保護廊道的範圍

328
00:49:39,683 --> 00:49:43,123
‪延伸到受到保護的南極洲海域

329
00:49:57,763 --> 00:50:03,363
‪這個公園網絡現在保護了
‪超過200種鳥類和哺乳類

330
00:50:04,723 --> 00:50:07,883
‪涵蓋豐富多變的地形

331
00:50:10,763 --> 00:50:15,163
‪它拯救了瀕臨滅絕的動物

332
00:50:16,723 --> 00:50:20,243
‪但受惠的不只是野生動物

333
00:50:21,923 --> 00:50:26,163
‪預計生態旅遊在未來十年
‪會為當地經濟

334
00:50:26,243 --> 00:50:28,403
‪帶來數億美元的收入

335
00:50:29,123 --> 00:50:31,243
‪而這個星球上的每個生命

336
00:50:31,963 --> 00:50:34,723
‪都將獲得更大的好處

337
00:50:36,363 --> 00:50:38,443
‪在對抗氣候變遷的過程中

338
00:50:38,523 --> 00:50:42,123
‪這片土地和植物就像海綿一樣

339
00:50:42,723 --> 00:50:44,523
‪吸收二氧化碳

340
00:50:45,323 --> 00:50:49,563
‪使得這個地區成為南美洲最大的碳匯

341
00:50:52,563 --> 00:50:55,723
‪給大自然一個機會，自然就會回來

342
00:50:56,403 --> 00:50:59,803
‪荒野和野生動物可以恢復生機

343
00:50:59,883 --> 00:51:02,323
‪平衡也可以恢復

344
00:51:03,363 --> 00:51:06,683
‪智利屬巴塔哥尼亞
‪是個令人振奮的例子

345
00:51:07,243 --> 00:51:11,523
‪證明事在人為
‪只要人與大自然合作

346
00:51:11,603 --> 00:51:16,403
‪並相信國家公園的真正價值

347
00:52:42,883 --> 00:52:47,883
‪字幕翻譯：鄭淑芬