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[tranquil music plays]

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My mom moved us to Indonesia
for a few years as a kid.

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We lived in a small house
with the simple joys of nature.

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A mango tree out front,
whiffs of fruits and spices.

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{\an8}Paddy fields where water buffalo
glanced up at you with mud-covered snouts.

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Indonesia is home
to some of the most important forests

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and biodiversity in the world.

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And there's nothing
like the Leuser Ecosystem,

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home to some of the most
endangered species on Earth.

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[tranquil music continues]

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The rain forests
of Gunung Leuser National Park

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shelter countless plants and animals…

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each with a role to play.

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[tranquil music continues]

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Leuser is also the last stronghold

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of four of the planet's
most threatened species.

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[dramatic music plays]

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Powerful and elusive tigers…

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[dramatic music continues]

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…the world's smallest rhinos…

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[dramatic music continues]

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…unique forest elephants…

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[elephant trumpets]

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…and orangutans, one of the smartest
great apes in the world.

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Once, these animals could be found
together across southeast Asia.

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But deforestation and poaching
means that, today,

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Leuser is the only place
they still co-exist.

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[tranquil music plays]

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Will we allow something so precious
to disappear forever…

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or seize our last chance to protect it

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for our children and grandchildren?

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Join me in this most unique
of wild spaces.

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[tranquil music continues]

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On the Indonesian island of Sumatra
lies a vast tropical rain forest

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and at its core,
Gunung Leuser National Park.

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[atmospheric music plays]

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Here, forest-covered mountains dominate,

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reaching 10,000 feet tall.

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They safeguard its inhabitants
like a fortress.

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But perhaps its greatest wildlife riches
are found in its steamy lowland jungles.

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[atmospheric music fades]

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[jaunty music plays]

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In Indonesian, "orangutan"
means "person of the forest."

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[jaunty music continues]

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And these trees are home to
the densest population anywhere on Earth.

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This is their forest.

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[jaunty music continues]

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[screeching]

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There are several huge males.

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With large, flanged cheek pads,
they're more attractive to mates.

51
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They're immensely powerful

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with a bite force stronger than a lion's.

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But there's an athletic and ambitious
younger male coming up through the ranks.

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[jaunty music plays]

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Rakus.

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[jaunty music continues]

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His name, given to him
by resident scientists, means "greedy."

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Because he likes to eat
pretty much everything.

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Leaves,

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bark…

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fruit…

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termites.

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It's all on the menu.

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If this gourmet ape can eat enough,

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he may one day develop cheek pads

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like the most senior males.

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[jaunty music continues]

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There's one food in particular
that could fuel his ambition.

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The neesia fruit.

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About the size of a football,

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it's packed with large, tasty seeds.

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Before it ripens,
it's as hard as concrete,

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making it nearly impossible to get into.

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[orangutan screeches]

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Ripe neesia cracks open by itself.

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But the succulent seeds are surrounded
with thousands of sharp, irritating hairs.

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To get this meal, Rakus must master

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the most sophisticated skill
in the jungle.

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[tense music plays]

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Many of the orangutans here

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use an ingenious way
of avoiding the neesia's prickly hairs.

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[tense music continues]

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First, they select a stick.

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Then, maneuvering it
with their extremely versatile lips,

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they push it into the neesia's cracks.

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[tense music continues]

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Repeated movement of the stick
dislodges the seeds

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and in the process scrapes out the hairs…

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[tense music continues]

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…making the fruit ready to eat.

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Orangutans are usually solitary animals.

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But the neesia tree
comes into season only rarely.

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When it does,
it draws in orangutans from far and wide.

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As they gather, there's a chance
to learn from each other.

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Friska is a mature female

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and is expert at preparing the fruit.

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Rakus moves in for a masterclass.

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[jaunty music plays]

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There's enough food around
for him to be tolerated.

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[jaunty music continues]

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These are the only wild orangutans

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known to create and use tools
in this unique way.

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[squeaking]

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[jaunty music plays]

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Rakus wants to have a go himself.

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[jaunty music continues]

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Carefully, he crafts his tool.

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And Rakus selects the perfect neesia.

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Then it's down to trial and error.

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[jaunty music continues]

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At last, with a little perseverance…

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Rakus gets the delicacy he's been craving.

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[jaunty music continues]

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The more he perfects
this extraordinary skill,

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the bigger and stronger he'll become.

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[jaunty music continues]

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And one day, this greedy guy

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may just rise to the top.

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[jaunty music fades]

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Leuser's abundance
is partly thanks to its soil,

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which is up to six times more fertile
than other rain forests in the region.

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And this is a reason why.

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[foreboding music plays]

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One of the world's most active volcanoes.

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Mount Sinabung.

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For millennia, its eruptions
have showered the area with volcanic ash…

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[volcano rumbles]

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…rich in minerals and nutrients.

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[volcano rumbles]

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The ash acts as a fertilizer,

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supporting a jungle
of staggering complexity.

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With thousands of species of plants,

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it's one of the most diverse forests
in the world.

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The titan arum.

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This is the largest flowering structure
on the planet…

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[suspenseful music plays]

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…growing up to ten feet tall,

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the height of a basketball hoop.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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It only emerges after the plant
has been growing for a decade.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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But producing this huge bloom
saps a lot of energy.

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Flowering can only last two nights.

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So it has a clever way

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of rapidly attracting
the insects it needs for pollination.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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It produces a powerful scent.

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But this is no fragrant beauty.

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It reeks of rotting flesh.

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The huge red bloom
stretches up to five feet,

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adding to the illusion
of a fresh animal corpse.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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Then as night falls,
its greatest deception begins.

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[suspenseful music fades]

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Channeling ten years of stored energy,

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the arum pumps heat
into its central column,

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becoming as hot as blood.

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Like a chimney, rising heat carries
its stench up into the cool night air.

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[suspenseful music plays]

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For hundreds of scavenging insects,

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the draw is irresistible.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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[insects buzzing]

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[suspenseful music continues]

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[insects buzzing]

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They're lured
into the arum's inner chamber.

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[insects buzzing]

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A cavern filled
with male and female organs.

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00:14:00,923 --> 00:14:02,923
[suspenseful music continues]

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00:14:07,003 --> 00:14:10,243
As the insects search for the rotting meat
they've been promised…

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they find themselves
coated in pollen they will carry with them

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to other arums.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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And if they've already visited
another of these giants,

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they will pollinate this plant.

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[insects buzzing]

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[suspenseful music continues]

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00:14:35,523 --> 00:14:38,523
Ten years of preparation
for a two-night show.

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The flower's energy is exhausted.

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The stragglers file out…

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before finally,

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in a matter of seconds…

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[suspenseful music crescendos]

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…the entire structure collapses.

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00:15:03,203 --> 00:15:05,523
[dramatic music plays]

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Successfully pollinated,
another ten-year cycle is set in motion,

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toward more gigantic blooms.

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[tranquil music plays]

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Even within Leuser's lowlands,

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there are
extraordinarily different landscapes.

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[tranquil music continues]

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The park's rivers transport
its nutrient-rich soils

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downstream to the coast…

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00:15:50,843 --> 00:15:53,403
where the forest meets the Indian Ocean…

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giving rise to a muddy mangrove swamp.

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[jaunty music plays]

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A mudskipper.

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00:16:10,723 --> 00:16:12,723
[jaunty music continues]

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00:16:16,443 --> 00:16:20,443
This fish is not confined
to the life aquatic.

200
00:16:20,523 --> 00:16:22,523
[jaunty music continues]

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00:16:25,403 --> 00:16:26,923
Taking a big gulp of air…

202
00:16:30,323 --> 00:16:33,443
and using fins that have a shoulder joint,

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he propels himself around.

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A fish that can walk.

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He spends most of his life
here on the mudflats.

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00:16:50,123 --> 00:16:53,963
His periscope-like eyes
have a lens like land-based animals,

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allowing him to see
far better out of water than in.

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His favorite meal is a formidable foe

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with razor-sharp pincers.

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00:17:12,283 --> 00:17:14,763
If he can catch one
without getting nipped.

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[jaunty music plays]

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00:17:38,083 --> 00:17:39,363
Perhaps something softer?

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00:17:39,963 --> 00:17:41,923
[jaunty music continues]

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00:17:48,323 --> 00:17:49,763
These crabs are very agile…

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00:17:52,203 --> 00:17:54,723
especially for a fish out of water.

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00:17:54,803 --> 00:17:56,843
[jaunty music continues]

217
00:18:09,403 --> 00:18:13,003
Finally, all that remains
is to disarm his prey.

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00:18:16,323 --> 00:18:19,283
Holding it in his mouth,
he uses a neat trick.

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00:18:21,683 --> 00:18:25,323
Shake a crab hard enough
and it will sacrifice its claw,

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the tastiest bit.

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00:18:28,603 --> 00:18:30,203
[jaunty music plays]

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00:18:33,363 --> 00:18:35,203
But the loss is only temporary.

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00:18:37,083 --> 00:18:40,203
Within a month,
the crab will have grown a new claw.

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Maybe even bigger than before.

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00:18:45,523 --> 00:18:47,403
[jaunty music continues]

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00:18:53,443 --> 00:18:58,043
For this land-loving fish,
life is a never-ending crab-claw buffet.

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[jaunty music continues]

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00:19:07,323 --> 00:19:09,003
[jaunty music fades]

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00:19:12,603 --> 00:19:16,243
Heading inland,
Leuser quickly becomes mountainous.

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00:19:19,123 --> 00:19:22,123
The forest here is much more impenetrable.

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00:19:23,603 --> 00:19:27,803
Steep hills provide a last refuge
to Leuser's most endangered creature…

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00:19:32,763 --> 00:19:35,763
the rarely-glimpsed and surprisingly small

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00:19:37,483 --> 00:19:39,563
Sumatran rhinoceros.

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00:19:41,083 --> 00:19:42,843
[jaunty music plays]

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00:19:42,923 --> 00:19:46,203
Although only four feet tall,
it still weighs a ton.

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00:19:47,163 --> 00:19:50,883
Perfect for bulldozing through thickets
in search of lush foliage.

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00:19:50,963 --> 00:19:51,883
[rhino snorts]

238
00:19:51,963 --> 00:19:53,963
[jaunty music continues]

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00:19:55,563 --> 00:19:59,083
By pruning plants,
these rhinos benefit the forest,

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00:19:59,163 --> 00:20:01,043
making room for new tree growth.

241
00:20:02,163 --> 00:20:04,163
[tranquil music plays]

242
00:20:16,403 --> 00:20:20,643
They dig out mud wallows, which help them
stay cool in the midday heat…

243
00:20:21,843 --> 00:20:23,843
[tranquil music continues]

244
00:20:31,723 --> 00:20:33,883
…benefiting a range of neighbors.

245
00:20:33,963 --> 00:20:35,963
[tranquil music continues]

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00:20:41,683 --> 00:20:45,803
So the more rhinos,
the healthier the whole forest becomes.

247
00:20:49,403 --> 00:20:51,723
Illegal hunting and habitat loss

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00:20:51,803 --> 00:20:55,003
have reduced numbers
to just a handful in the wild.

249
00:20:59,283 --> 00:21:03,003
To save them from extinction,
rangers are constantly on patrol,

250
00:21:04,483 --> 00:21:05,683
deterring poachers

251
00:21:05,763 --> 00:21:10,283
and bringing the few remaining rhinos
into captivity outside the park.

252
00:21:10,363 --> 00:21:12,363
[tranquil music plays]

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00:21:15,963 --> 00:21:19,883
These rhinos now live in large,
guarded natural enclosures…

254
00:21:24,643 --> 00:21:25,923
where a breeding program

255
00:21:26,003 --> 00:21:29,163
hopes to reintroduce
their descendants into Leuser…

256
00:21:32,363 --> 00:21:36,323
and eventually restore the balance
of rain forest life.

257
00:21:36,403 --> 00:21:39,003
[tranquil music fades]

258
00:21:44,723 --> 00:21:48,683
There are many extraordinary relationships
between the creatures that live here.

259
00:21:49,843 --> 00:21:52,723
Some, we are only just discovering.

260
00:21:52,803 --> 00:21:54,803
[tranquil music plays]

261
00:21:59,523 --> 00:22:01,603
Deep in Leuser's foothills,

262
00:22:01,683 --> 00:22:06,603
one of its smallest inhabitants
is unwittingly helped

263
00:22:06,683 --> 00:22:07,963
by its largest.

264
00:22:08,043 --> 00:22:11,123
[rustling]

265
00:22:11,203 --> 00:22:13,243
[tranquil music continues]

266
00:22:18,003 --> 00:22:19,763
The Sumatran elephant.

267
00:22:21,683 --> 00:22:28,603
[low growling]

268
00:22:35,243 --> 00:22:37,243
[dramatic music plays]

269
00:22:46,843 --> 00:22:51,763
As they travel, they carve a network
of pathways hundreds of miles long.

270
00:22:51,843 --> 00:22:53,843
[dramatic music continues]

271
00:23:06,763 --> 00:23:08,123
[elephant trumpets]

272
00:23:10,363 --> 00:23:14,323
Many species rely on these paths
to get through the dense jungle.

273
00:23:14,403 --> 00:23:16,563
[dramatic music continues]

274
00:23:20,163 --> 00:23:23,603
But one resident depends
on these elephants more than most.

275
00:23:26,323 --> 00:23:27,283
A wart frog.

276
00:23:30,243 --> 00:23:32,203
She's only the size of a chicken's egg,

277
00:23:33,603 --> 00:23:35,723
but she has incredibly sharp senses.

278
00:23:37,683 --> 00:23:40,843
It's thought she detects vibrations
of the approaching herd

279
00:23:41,603 --> 00:23:44,483
using special cavities in her lungs.

280
00:23:48,123 --> 00:23:50,083
You'd expect her to get out of the way.

281
00:23:51,963 --> 00:23:54,603
Instead, she heads towards them.

282
00:23:54,683 --> 00:23:56,683
[dramatic music plays]

283
00:23:58,483 --> 00:24:00,603
[low growling]

284
00:24:04,323 --> 00:24:06,003
Straight into the crush zone!

285
00:24:06,083 --> 00:24:08,083
[dramatic music continues]

286
00:24:09,963 --> 00:24:12,843
But it's not the elephants themselves
she's drawn to.

287
00:24:13,443 --> 00:24:15,283
[dramatic music continues]

288
00:24:15,363 --> 00:24:16,763
[elephant growls]

289
00:24:16,843 --> 00:24:19,843
The frog has a belly full of eggs,

290
00:24:20,883 --> 00:24:24,003
and she needs to lay them in still water.

291
00:24:24,523 --> 00:24:25,723
[elephant trumpets]

292
00:24:26,923 --> 00:24:28,003
[tense music plays]

293
00:24:30,363 --> 00:24:34,283
The elephant's footprints
make the perfect pop-up nursery.

294
00:24:47,083 --> 00:24:50,003
She's given her eggs
the best start in life

295
00:24:51,643 --> 00:24:53,163
and leaves them to hatch.

296
00:24:57,883 --> 00:24:59,883
[tense music plays]

297
00:25:03,803 --> 00:25:06,403
Within two weeks, they've become tadpoles.

298
00:25:08,523 --> 00:25:11,163
But until they transform into froglets,

299
00:25:11,243 --> 00:25:14,683
survival in their flooded footprint
is under threat.

300
00:25:18,083 --> 00:25:21,163
The tropical sun
can quickly dry out these pools.

301
00:25:21,243 --> 00:25:23,243
[tense music continues]

302
00:25:26,403 --> 00:25:32,083
So, if water levels drop, these tadpoles
must get themselves out of trouble…

303
00:25:32,163 --> 00:25:34,163
[tense music continues]

304
00:25:36,203 --> 00:25:38,563
by doubling the speed
of their transformation.

305
00:25:40,523 --> 00:25:45,203
As froglets,
they can finally escape the drying ponds.

306
00:25:46,003 --> 00:25:48,003
[jaunty music plays]

307
00:25:49,923 --> 00:25:51,923
[tense music plays]

308
00:25:53,203 --> 00:25:55,483
As long as they don't get squashed.

309
00:25:55,563 --> 00:25:57,763
[tense music continues]

310
00:26:04,923 --> 00:26:06,523
[tense music fades]

311
00:26:08,243 --> 00:26:11,363
Up in the treetops,
the stakes are even higher.

312
00:26:17,763 --> 00:26:20,763
Many of Leuser's animals
have mastered living up here.

313
00:26:22,603 --> 00:26:24,603
[tense music plays]

314
00:26:27,283 --> 00:26:31,963
But perhaps none are more daring
than the Thomas leaf monkey.

315
00:26:33,083 --> 00:26:34,643
Found only in Northern Sumatra,

316
00:26:35,363 --> 00:26:37,843
they roam in groups of up to 20.

317
00:26:37,923 --> 00:26:39,523
[jaunty music plays]

318
00:26:39,603 --> 00:26:41,243
One male leads the troop,

319
00:26:42,403 --> 00:26:45,083
and the rest are females and young.

320
00:26:47,323 --> 00:26:49,803
The adults are supremely agile.

321
00:26:52,523 --> 00:26:54,883
[jaunty music plays]

322
00:27:06,923 --> 00:27:09,043
Able to zip around the branches,

323
00:27:09,843 --> 00:27:12,483
they can leap large gaps with ease.

324
00:27:18,083 --> 00:27:21,843
But this two-year-old is still developing
the strength in his leg muscles…

325
00:27:24,003 --> 00:27:27,523
and he can't navigate the canopy
with the confidence of his elders.

326
00:27:28,523 --> 00:27:29,883
[melancholy music plays]

327
00:27:29,963 --> 00:27:31,963
His mother used to carry him everywhere,

328
00:27:33,763 --> 00:27:35,403
but she has a new baby.

329
00:27:37,523 --> 00:27:41,283
And the youngster must now
find his own way in the world.

330
00:27:42,843 --> 00:27:46,203
Today, he faces
one of the biggest challenges of his life.

331
00:27:46,283 --> 00:27:48,283
[melancholy music continues]

332
00:27:52,603 --> 00:27:55,443
The troop have exhausted supplies
in this tree,

333
00:27:57,083 --> 00:27:58,283
so they have to move on.

334
00:28:00,523 --> 00:28:05,043
But it will take a giant leap
across a gap of more than 20 feet.

335
00:28:05,123 --> 00:28:07,123
[tense music plays]

336
00:28:09,843 --> 00:28:11,403
It's a three-story drop.

337
00:28:13,043 --> 00:28:13,883
One mistake

338
00:28:15,403 --> 00:28:16,363
could be fatal.

339
00:28:16,443 --> 00:28:17,563
[tense music continues]

340
00:28:18,363 --> 00:28:22,083
The older monkeys have spent years
perfecting such large jumps.

341
00:28:22,643 --> 00:28:24,203
[dramatic music plays]

342
00:28:35,643 --> 00:28:40,003
Climbing to the topmost branches,
they launch…

343
00:28:42,283 --> 00:28:45,123
maneuvering their limbs
to control their descent.

344
00:28:45,203 --> 00:28:47,203
[dramatic music continues]

345
00:28:57,203 --> 00:29:01,003
Even Mom, with her new baby on her belly,

346
00:29:02,323 --> 00:29:04,443
tackles the distance with grace.

347
00:29:06,683 --> 00:29:09,483
[dramatic music fades]

348
00:29:13,083 --> 00:29:15,083
The two-year-old is up next.

349
00:29:16,003 --> 00:29:18,003
[melancholy music plays]

350
00:29:23,883 --> 00:29:25,803
[monkeys screeching]

351
00:29:26,723 --> 00:29:27,923
But it's all too much.

352
00:29:28,443 --> 00:29:30,443
[melancholy music continues]

353
00:29:33,403 --> 00:29:36,083
With the rest of the troop
feasting on the other side…

354
00:29:36,683 --> 00:29:38,683
[melancholy music continues]

355
00:29:42,163 --> 00:29:43,043
…he's stranded.

356
00:29:48,723 --> 00:29:50,323
Mom can't come to his rescue.

357
00:29:53,003 --> 00:29:54,243
[dramatic music plays]

358
00:29:55,763 --> 00:29:59,923
There's only one way to find out
if he's got what it takes.

359
00:30:00,003 --> 00:30:02,003
[dramatic music continues]

360
00:30:11,723 --> 00:30:12,883
[tense music plays]

361
00:30:28,243 --> 00:30:30,243
[tense music intensifies]

362
00:30:53,443 --> 00:30:54,283
Nailed it.

363
00:30:59,003 --> 00:31:01,163
[tranquil music plays]

364
00:31:01,243 --> 00:31:05,843
The first of many such giant leaps
he'll make on his journey to adulthood.

365
00:31:07,603 --> 00:31:09,603
[joyful music plays]

366
00:31:16,803 --> 00:31:18,763
And he gets a well-earned reward.

367
00:31:18,843 --> 00:31:20,843
[joyful music continues]

368
00:31:23,443 --> 00:31:25,243
Animals like the leaf monkeys

369
00:31:26,563 --> 00:31:29,563
help maintain the health
of Leuser's rain forest,

370
00:31:30,403 --> 00:31:33,803
spreading seeds
and natural fertilizers as they move.

371
00:31:34,843 --> 00:31:36,843
[tranquil music plays]

372
00:31:40,363 --> 00:31:42,483
Every species here is important.

373
00:31:43,563 --> 00:31:45,563
[tranquil music continues]

374
00:31:51,923 --> 00:31:53,123
Even the smallest

375
00:31:54,043 --> 00:31:57,923
that lurk in the dark underworld
of the forest floor.

376
00:32:01,123 --> 00:32:03,483
[suspenseful music plays]

377
00:32:12,963 --> 00:32:15,923
The leafy gloom is home to a hunter,

378
00:32:16,963 --> 00:32:18,883
the hammerhead worm.

379
00:32:19,803 --> 00:32:21,563
[suspenseful music continues]

380
00:32:21,643 --> 00:32:25,483
This species of flatworm
with its distinctive bands

381
00:32:26,083 --> 00:32:28,563
is so new it's yet to be named.

382
00:32:30,843 --> 00:32:33,523
As predators go, it's extremely small.

383
00:32:34,563 --> 00:32:36,083
The length of a fingernail.

384
00:32:37,483 --> 00:32:38,763
But it is deadly.

385
00:32:41,083 --> 00:32:44,323
It's on the hunt
for a juicy slug or snail.

386
00:32:47,643 --> 00:32:49,123
They're everywhere in Leuser,

387
00:32:50,003 --> 00:32:52,523
devouring microscopic plants
and organisms…

388
00:32:54,843 --> 00:32:58,123
and also the fungi that's essential
for recycling plant debris.

389
00:32:59,443 --> 00:33:01,443
[suspenseful music plays]

390
00:33:08,443 --> 00:33:10,963
And this is where the hammerhead
plays its part,

391
00:33:12,883 --> 00:33:17,643
keeping their numbers down,
and so protecting the greenery.

392
00:33:17,723 --> 00:33:19,723
[suspenseful music continues]

393
00:33:20,523 --> 00:33:22,883
Using chemical sensors in its hammerhead,

394
00:33:24,803 --> 00:33:27,523
it tastes the ground
for signs of a victim.

395
00:33:28,723 --> 00:33:30,723
[suspenseful music continues]

396
00:33:31,723 --> 00:33:36,283
Slugs and snails can't help
but leave an unmissable trail of slime.

397
00:33:37,083 --> 00:33:39,083
[suspenseful music continues]

398
00:33:44,643 --> 00:33:46,963
With just a hint of a shell on its back,

399
00:33:47,683 --> 00:33:51,523
this curious creature
is called a semi-slug.

400
00:33:52,963 --> 00:33:54,403
The perfect prey.

401
00:33:56,603 --> 00:33:58,523
[tense music plays]

402
00:34:13,923 --> 00:34:15,923
[tense music continues]

403
00:34:30,603 --> 00:34:32,603
[tense music crescendos]

404
00:34:34,803 --> 00:34:39,483
Wrapping around its victim,
the flatworm pumps out mucus to trap it.

405
00:34:43,723 --> 00:34:45,443
Once the prey is disabled,

406
00:34:45,523 --> 00:34:49,883
it attacks the semi-slug
with toxins and digestive juices,

407
00:34:50,723 --> 00:34:52,123
breaking down its flesh…

408
00:34:52,923 --> 00:34:54,923
[tense music plays]

409
00:34:56,883 --> 00:35:00,763
…finally, swallowing it
through a mouth in the middle of its body.

410
00:35:00,843 --> 00:35:02,803
[tense music continues]

411
00:35:06,443 --> 00:35:11,483
Within a matter of minutes,
all that remains is the translucent shell.

412
00:35:26,883 --> 00:35:30,563
There are predators
of all shapes and sizes across Leuser.

413
00:35:37,323 --> 00:35:41,803
But perhaps the most important
sits right at the top of the food chain.

414
00:35:44,643 --> 00:35:48,003
To find it,
you have to travel even higher…

415
00:35:48,083 --> 00:35:50,203
[eerie music plays]

416
00:35:50,283 --> 00:35:53,123
…to the remote, fortress-like mountaintop,

417
00:35:53,203 --> 00:35:55,123
which gives the park its name…

418
00:35:56,843 --> 00:35:57,763
Mount Leuser.

419
00:35:59,843 --> 00:36:01,963
[eerie music continues]

420
00:36:02,043 --> 00:36:04,923
Towering over 11,000 feet above sea level…

421
00:36:08,963 --> 00:36:10,523
often shrouded in mist…

422
00:36:14,963 --> 00:36:16,723
the forest is stunted…

423
00:36:19,723 --> 00:36:21,603
with patches of open moorland.

424
00:36:25,723 --> 00:36:28,563
It can be
up to 60 degrees Fahrenheit colder here

425
00:36:28,643 --> 00:36:30,723
than the humid jungles far below.

426
00:36:31,883 --> 00:36:33,883
[eerie music continues]

427
00:36:38,363 --> 00:36:40,683
Only the toughest of plants can survive.

428
00:36:42,363 --> 00:36:44,363
[eerie music continues]

429
00:36:46,803 --> 00:36:49,683
Clinging onto the rocks,
they hold the soil in place…

430
00:36:51,883 --> 00:36:54,763
preventing erosion
and retaining rainwater,

431
00:36:54,843 --> 00:36:58,203
which then flows steadily
into the forests far below.

432
00:37:04,243 --> 00:37:06,243
[eerie music continues]

433
00:37:07,563 --> 00:37:08,843
It's eerily quiet.

434
00:37:13,843 --> 00:37:16,963
Only a few animals
venture this far up the mountain.

435
00:37:17,963 --> 00:37:19,963
[tranquil music plays]

436
00:37:25,403 --> 00:37:30,643
The muntjac. A type of deer
that browses on the moorland plants.

437
00:37:30,723 --> 00:37:32,723
[tranquil music continues]

438
00:37:35,123 --> 00:37:38,403
Scientists hope research cameras
might finally record

439
00:37:38,483 --> 00:37:40,563
the predator which hunts them…

440
00:37:42,683 --> 00:37:45,123
filming it here for the first time.

441
00:37:48,123 --> 00:37:50,123
[tranquil music continues]

442
00:37:53,883 --> 00:37:55,683
But it is almost never seen.

443
00:38:01,003 --> 00:38:02,363
So it takes patience.

444
00:38:02,443 --> 00:38:04,443
[tranquil music continues]

445
00:38:22,243 --> 00:38:23,843
[dramatic music plays]

446
00:38:23,923 --> 00:38:24,843
At last…

447
00:38:27,723 --> 00:38:29,523
in a high mountain pasture…

448
00:38:32,523 --> 00:38:34,003
a Sumatran tiger.

449
00:38:34,083 --> 00:38:36,083
[dramatic music continues]

450
00:38:41,043 --> 00:38:44,163
This adult male is checking out
the scientific equipment

451
00:38:44,243 --> 00:38:45,363
left to record it.

452
00:38:50,043 --> 00:38:52,243
The terrain is so inaccessible

453
00:38:52,323 --> 00:38:56,763
that almost no studies have been made
into the Sumatran tiger's behavior.

454
00:38:56,843 --> 00:38:58,843
[dramatic music continues]

455
00:39:05,923 --> 00:39:09,323
But it's believed
that as they patrol the mountaintops,

456
00:39:10,483 --> 00:39:15,683
these tigers stop deer and other animals
from overgrazing the delicate vegetation.

457
00:39:15,763 --> 00:39:18,003
[dramatic music continues]

458
00:39:28,443 --> 00:39:33,003
And these precious images
prove that they're still here.

459
00:39:34,563 --> 00:39:36,363
As long as we protect the park,

460
00:39:36,443 --> 00:39:40,363
Sumatra's biggest cat
can remain king of the jungle.

461
00:39:40,443 --> 00:39:42,163
[dramatic music fades]

462
00:39:44,043 --> 00:39:47,683
While Leuser's mountainous terrain
offers some natural protection…

463
00:39:48,403 --> 00:39:50,043
[tense music plays]

464
00:39:50,123 --> 00:39:54,323
…on the fringes of the park,
the risk to the wildlife is greater.

465
00:39:56,643 --> 00:40:01,283
Leuser's ecosystem continues
into an area twice the size of the park.

466
00:40:03,443 --> 00:40:05,043
Much of it is protected…

467
00:40:07,563 --> 00:40:11,843
but millions of people live in towns
and villages amongst these forests.

468
00:40:11,923 --> 00:40:13,923
[tense music continues]

469
00:40:15,723 --> 00:40:17,923
So having the support of local communities

470
00:40:18,003 --> 00:40:21,803
is crucial to keeping
Leuser's wildlife safe.

471
00:40:27,323 --> 00:40:29,323
[jaunty music plays]

472
00:40:31,363 --> 00:40:33,963
Hidden in the trees
on Leuser's southern border

473
00:40:35,163 --> 00:40:38,683
is a rarely-seen Sumatran slow loris.

474
00:40:38,763 --> 00:40:40,763
[jaunty music continues]

475
00:40:43,683 --> 00:40:44,923
She's got huge eyes

476
00:40:45,763 --> 00:40:48,723
that help her to see
in almost complete darkness.

477
00:40:52,123 --> 00:40:55,843
This mother has a young baby
just a few weeks old,

478
00:40:57,483 --> 00:41:00,203
but he's already too big
for her to carry as she feeds.

479
00:41:04,043 --> 00:41:05,723
Leaving him seems risky.

480
00:41:09,763 --> 00:41:12,403
Rival lorises
can be viciously territorial.

481
00:41:16,123 --> 00:41:18,603
And the forest here is full of snakes.

482
00:41:21,203 --> 00:41:22,603
[tense music plays]

483
00:41:22,683 --> 00:41:25,283
But lorises have a secret weapon.

484
00:41:28,643 --> 00:41:31,483
Their bite contains a deadly toxin,

485
00:41:32,963 --> 00:41:36,443
making them the only venomous primate
on the planet.

486
00:41:39,323 --> 00:41:40,403
Even this youngster.

487
00:41:40,483 --> 00:41:42,483
[tense music continues]

488
00:41:43,043 --> 00:41:45,963
So Mom can just hide him among the leaves

489
00:41:47,043 --> 00:41:48,963
while she goes foraging on her own.

490
00:41:49,043 --> 00:41:50,283
[tense music continues]

491
00:41:54,803 --> 00:41:58,803
It's extremely unusual
to see slow lorises venture to the ground.

492
00:42:00,123 --> 00:42:02,243
[quicker tense music plays]

493
00:42:02,323 --> 00:42:05,643
But she has to
to get to one of her favorite foods,

494
00:42:06,603 --> 00:42:07,883
the calliandra.

495
00:42:07,963 --> 00:42:09,883
[tense music continues]

496
00:42:11,123 --> 00:42:15,483
Its sweet-smelling nectar is packed with
the energy she needs to nourish her baby.

497
00:42:19,283 --> 00:42:22,003
But these flowering bushes
have been planted by farmers

498
00:42:23,363 --> 00:42:25,283
to shade their coffee crops.

499
00:42:26,803 --> 00:42:30,803
And lorises' proximity to humans
has given them a problem.

500
00:42:32,523 --> 00:42:35,203
Traffickers in the illegal pet trade

501
00:42:35,883 --> 00:42:39,203
have hunted these cute creatures
to the edge of extinction.

502
00:42:39,963 --> 00:42:41,963
[tense music continues]

503
00:42:45,043 --> 00:42:49,443
But fortunately, this community is part
of a new scheme that protects them.

504
00:42:53,643 --> 00:42:55,963
The farmers get a better price
for their coffee

505
00:42:56,603 --> 00:42:58,763
for leaving the lorises alone.

506
00:42:58,843 --> 00:43:00,843
[jaunty music plays]

507
00:43:02,203 --> 00:43:04,323
And the lorises help the farmers,

508
00:43:04,883 --> 00:43:06,763
because when they eat the calliandra,

509
00:43:07,483 --> 00:43:08,763
they pollinate it.

510
00:43:08,843 --> 00:43:10,843
[jaunty music continues]

511
00:43:12,643 --> 00:43:15,803
As dawn approaches,
she must return to her baby

512
00:43:17,163 --> 00:43:19,763
and get back to the business
of being a mom.

513
00:43:19,843 --> 00:43:21,603
[tranquil music plays]

514
00:43:29,443 --> 00:43:32,803
Local communities can also help
to combat the biggest threat…

515
00:43:34,963 --> 00:43:36,123
deforestation.

516
00:43:39,683 --> 00:43:43,523
Leuser is so vast,
it's almost impossible to patrol.

517
00:43:43,603 --> 00:43:45,963
[foreboding music plays]

518
00:43:46,043 --> 00:43:47,563
Every single hour,

519
00:43:47,643 --> 00:43:50,323
more than a football field
of forest is cleared,

520
00:43:51,243 --> 00:43:52,483
much of it illegally,

521
00:43:53,243 --> 00:43:55,963
to make room for growing palm oil.

522
00:43:56,043 --> 00:43:58,043
[foreboding music continues]

523
00:43:59,323 --> 00:44:04,683
Palm oil is used in up to 50% of products
on our supermarket shelves,

524
00:44:04,763 --> 00:44:06,923
from cookies to shampoo.

525
00:44:10,363 --> 00:44:13,403
These plantations are lifeless

526
00:44:13,483 --> 00:44:15,843
compared to the richness
of the rain forest.

527
00:44:16,363 --> 00:44:18,363
[tranquil music plays]

528
00:44:22,243 --> 00:44:26,363
But some communities
are taking part in a fight back…

529
00:44:26,443 --> 00:44:28,683
[tranquil music continues]

530
00:44:28,763 --> 00:44:30,683
[engine revs]

531
00:44:30,763 --> 00:44:32,763
[chainsaw revs]

532
00:44:32,843 --> 00:44:35,723
…working with conservationists
to remove the plantations.

533
00:44:36,243 --> 00:44:40,643
[chainsaw revs]

534
00:44:41,283 --> 00:44:43,243
A small subsidy and a chance

535
00:44:43,323 --> 00:44:46,083
to grow a few profitable fruit trees
within the forest

536
00:44:46,163 --> 00:44:49,643
gives an incentive
and helps safeguard their futures.

537
00:44:55,683 --> 00:44:57,603
[tranquil music plays]

538
00:45:04,883 --> 00:45:06,043
[tree thuds]

539
00:45:06,123 --> 00:45:08,123
[tranquil music continues]

540
00:45:09,683 --> 00:45:13,923
On the recovered land,
Leuser quickly produces wonders.

541
00:45:16,643 --> 00:45:20,123
The wind brings seeds
from healthy forests nearby.

542
00:45:23,483 --> 00:45:26,523
Microorganisms help to heal the soil.

543
00:45:27,163 --> 00:45:28,963
In just a matter of months,

544
00:45:29,043 --> 00:45:31,963
ferns and other plants
grow over the old site.

545
00:45:35,123 --> 00:45:37,043
The pollinators move in.

546
00:45:38,483 --> 00:45:41,283
Mammals and birds spread more seeds.

547
00:45:41,363 --> 00:45:43,363
[tranquil music continues]

548
00:45:46,723 --> 00:45:49,403
And in as little as four years,

549
00:45:49,483 --> 00:45:52,363
a thriving forest reappears.

550
00:45:52,443 --> 00:45:54,283
[tranquil music continues]

551
00:45:59,043 --> 00:46:02,043
As it does so, animals start to return.

552
00:46:02,643 --> 00:46:04,643
[tranquil music continues]

553
00:46:09,963 --> 00:46:13,163
Eventually, giant trees will grow.

554
00:46:15,283 --> 00:46:18,563
They'll absorb more and more
carbon dioxide from our atmosphere,

555
00:46:19,363 --> 00:46:22,763
enriching it instead with oxygen,

556
00:46:23,763 --> 00:46:25,483
which benefits us all.

557
00:46:26,683 --> 00:46:28,683
[tranquil music continues]

558
00:46:31,323 --> 00:46:33,363
By protecting this forest,

559
00:46:33,443 --> 00:46:36,883
Asia's most endangered creatures
will still have a home.

560
00:46:43,243 --> 00:46:48,083
While still an infant, this Sumatran
orangutan was taken from the forest

561
00:46:48,683 --> 00:46:50,443
and sold into the pet trade.

562
00:46:50,963 --> 00:46:53,243
[melancholy music plays]

563
00:46:53,323 --> 00:46:55,243
After years of captivity,

564
00:46:55,323 --> 00:46:56,803
she was finally rescued

565
00:46:56,883 --> 00:47:01,323
and brought back
to live freely again in the treetops.

566
00:47:07,363 --> 00:47:10,443
And now, she has another to care for.

567
00:47:17,083 --> 00:47:18,523
Less than two weeks old.

568
00:47:20,643 --> 00:47:24,403
So small she could fit
in the palm of your hand.

569
00:47:24,483 --> 00:47:26,323
[tranquil music plays]

570
00:47:28,643 --> 00:47:31,003
These tender moments are the beginnings

571
00:47:31,083 --> 00:47:34,763
of one of the closest
mother/baby bonds in nature.

572
00:47:34,843 --> 00:47:36,843
[tranquil music continues]

573
00:47:44,243 --> 00:47:45,203
For eight years,

574
00:47:45,763 --> 00:47:48,723
she will live
within arm's reach of her mother,

575
00:47:50,683 --> 00:47:53,563
who will teach her
everything she needs to survive.

576
00:47:57,003 --> 00:47:58,723
Gunung Leuser National Park

577
00:47:59,763 --> 00:48:02,203
and the vast ecosystem that surrounds it

578
00:48:03,363 --> 00:48:05,083
is a place of hope

579
00:48:06,923 --> 00:48:10,763
and an opportunity
to protect its unique wildlife…

580
00:48:13,363 --> 00:48:17,083
in this, their last precious refuge.

581
00:48:17,163 --> 00:48:19,163
[tranquil music continues]

582
00:48:20,683 --> 00:48:23,683
National parks are one
of our greatest achievements.

583
00:48:25,883 --> 00:48:30,083
Over time, we've created nearly
a quarter of a million protected spaces

584
00:48:30,163 --> 00:48:32,043
in almost every country on Earth.

585
00:48:32,123 --> 00:48:34,123
[dramatic music plays]

586
00:48:40,683 --> 00:48:45,203
But in this world that's getting warmer
and more crowded, we've got to do more.

587
00:48:46,763 --> 00:48:48,803
[dramatic music continues]

588
00:48:48,883 --> 00:48:49,923
[horn blares]

589
00:48:50,003 --> 00:48:53,563
And if we're going to hang on
to more of these wild places we depend on,

590
00:48:54,123 --> 00:48:56,043
each of us has a role to play.

591
00:48:57,403 --> 00:48:59,883
Demand to protect our last wildernesses

592
00:49:01,083 --> 00:49:02,363
for future generations.

593
00:49:03,283 --> 00:49:05,683
[tranquil music plays]

594
00:49:05,763 --> 00:49:08,563
Campaign to create more,
wherever you live,

595
00:49:09,683 --> 00:49:12,883
and insist they're accessible
for everyone.

596
00:49:13,523 --> 00:49:15,523
[tranquil music continues]

597
00:49:17,803 --> 00:49:21,443
Push your own communities
to adopt smarter climate practices.

598
00:49:24,523 --> 00:49:27,883
And vote like the planet depends on it.

599
00:49:27,963 --> 00:49:29,963
[tranquil music continues]

600
00:49:31,003 --> 00:49:32,803
There's no more time to waste.

601
00:49:33,483 --> 00:49:36,323
The world we leave to our children
is too important.

602
00:49:37,403 --> 00:49:39,403
The time to act is now.

603
00:49:40,923 --> 00:49:42,963
[tranquil music continues]