1 00:00:00,043 --> 00:00:00,163 thank you very much, the palace looking magnificent there. 2 00:00:00,243 --> 00:00:10,843 We want to leave you with moments of the Queen's rain. It is our dearest 3 00:00:10,843 --> 00:00:15,483 hope the Queen will be happy 4 00:00:17,803 --> 00:00:21,603 and that her reign shall be a glorious one and her devoted 5 00:00:21,603 --> 00:00:26,243 subjects can help her. 6 00:01:32,283 --> 00:01:37,883 We return here to Buckingham Palace, where Joanna just was, telling us 7 00:01:37,883 --> 00:01:44,963 about people that are coming to pay their respects and also to welcome 8 00:01:44,963 --> 00:01:56,243 in the reign of King Charles III. 9 00:02:19,203 --> 00:02:21,603 She wasn't born to be queen... 10 00:02:24,803 --> 00:02:28,643 ..but she died as one of the most quietly influential monarchs 11 00:02:28,643 --> 00:02:30,643 this country has ever known. 12 00:02:32,803 --> 00:02:36,043 She reigned for almost three quarters of a century 13 00:02:36,043 --> 00:02:38,643 as the world changed around her. 14 00:02:38,643 --> 00:02:42,563 She was a symbol of unity in good times and bad. 15 00:02:45,243 --> 00:02:48,683 Successful because she knew her unique place 16 00:02:48,683 --> 00:02:51,003 and she understood it. 17 00:02:51,003 --> 00:02:56,323 The act of being there, of being... 18 00:02:56,323 --> 00:02:58,563 ..you know, a... 19 00:02:58,563 --> 00:02:59,883 ..a continuing... 20 00:03:02,083 --> 00:03:07,003 ..reference point of stability and endless duties 21 00:03:07,003 --> 00:03:10,683 is something that I think is... 22 00:03:10,683 --> 00:03:12,403 ..is of the greatest importance. 23 00:03:14,563 --> 00:03:17,123 It was really about service 24 00:03:17,123 --> 00:03:21,603 and her definition of service, and that was a lifetime. 25 00:03:21,603 --> 00:03:25,403 Literally 24/7, 26 00:03:25,403 --> 00:03:28,083 365 days of the year. 27 00:03:28,083 --> 00:03:30,603 It was never something you could turn off and turn on. 28 00:03:30,603 --> 00:03:33,083 It was there all the time. 29 00:03:33,083 --> 00:03:39,283 It is so strange to almost everyone in this country 30 00:03:39,283 --> 00:03:42,043 that she is no longer queen. 31 00:03:42,043 --> 00:03:45,883 It will take a long while to come to terms with that. 32 00:03:45,883 --> 00:03:48,363 I declare before you all, 33 00:03:48,363 --> 00:03:49,963 that my whole life, 34 00:03:49,963 --> 00:03:52,403 whether it be long or short, 35 00:03:52,403 --> 00:03:55,363 shall be devoted to your service 36 00:03:55,363 --> 00:03:58,923 and to the service of our great imperial family 37 00:03:58,923 --> 00:04:00,563 to which we all belong. 38 00:04:02,323 --> 00:04:08,363 As Queen Elizabeth II, she reigned over more than 135 million people 39 00:04:08,363 --> 00:04:12,683 and, as head of the Commonwealth, a third of the planet's population. 40 00:04:14,363 --> 00:04:19,723 Her Majesty was perhaps one of the youngest leaders in the world 41 00:04:19,723 --> 00:04:22,803 at a time of male domination, 42 00:04:22,803 --> 00:04:26,643 and yet she led, like Elizabeth I... 43 00:04:27,763 --> 00:04:29,843 ..and she was a fabulous queen. 44 00:04:31,123 --> 00:04:34,203 The one thing that people wanted 45 00:04:34,203 --> 00:04:38,443 was just to get as close as they possibly could 46 00:04:38,443 --> 00:04:41,763 to the lustre of her presence 47 00:04:41,763 --> 00:04:44,323 and somehow to share in it a bit. 48 00:04:45,443 --> 00:04:51,163 I believe this nation would not be as united as it is 49 00:04:51,163 --> 00:04:54,483 had it not been for her and her example. 50 00:04:57,003 --> 00:05:00,803 Today, we need a special kind of courage. 51 00:05:00,803 --> 00:05:03,683 Not the kind needed in battle, 52 00:05:03,683 --> 00:05:06,523 but a kind which makes us stand up 53 00:05:06,523 --> 00:05:09,723 for everything that we know is right, 54 00:05:09,723 --> 00:05:12,083 everything that is true and honest. 55 00:05:13,523 --> 00:05:17,123 The kind of courage that can withstand 56 00:05:17,123 --> 00:05:19,443 the subtle corruption of the cynics... 57 00:05:21,603 --> 00:05:25,403 ..so that we can show the world that we're not afraid of the future. 58 00:05:45,163 --> 00:05:47,803 She was crowned Queen Elizabeth II 59 00:05:47,803 --> 00:05:50,843 on June the 2nd 1953, 60 00:05:50,843 --> 00:05:53,603 after the early death of her father, 61 00:05:53,603 --> 00:05:57,563 when suddenly the pomp, ritual and tradition of centuries 62 00:05:57,563 --> 00:05:59,403 reached out to claim her. 63 00:06:04,803 --> 00:06:07,043 Head of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth 64 00:06:07,043 --> 00:06:09,083 since the young age of 25... 65 00:06:11,523 --> 00:06:14,523 ..she was the most famous woman in the world. 66 00:06:16,603 --> 00:06:20,523 But above mere celebrity, outside politics, 67 00:06:20,523 --> 00:06:23,803 a constant background figure in every British life. 68 00:06:25,523 --> 00:06:27,803 When she was born, in April 1926, 69 00:06:27,803 --> 00:06:29,283 nobody expected that. 70 00:06:31,563 --> 00:06:35,083 She was royal, but not regarded as a future queen. 71 00:06:37,963 --> 00:06:42,123 Here she is, Princess Elizabeth, merely third in line to the throne. 72 00:06:43,923 --> 00:06:48,403 Those who knew her spoke of a child whose focus rarely wavered, 73 00:06:48,403 --> 00:06:51,563 and, by the age of five, at a photographic session, 74 00:06:51,563 --> 00:06:54,683 already the object of obsessive public gaze. 75 00:06:59,443 --> 00:07:03,043 She never went to school or had ordinary friends, 76 00:07:03,043 --> 00:07:05,123 relying instead on the companionship 77 00:07:05,123 --> 00:07:07,763 of her younger sister, Princess Margaret. 78 00:07:10,163 --> 00:07:12,803 She was brought up with the greatest care and affection, 79 00:07:12,803 --> 00:07:15,363 but also, as Queen Mary is reported to have said, 80 00:07:15,363 --> 00:07:17,963 she was brought up sensibly. 81 00:07:17,963 --> 00:07:21,683 She joined the Girl Guides and the Sea Rangers - 82 00:07:21,683 --> 00:07:23,523 a serious minded girl, 83 00:07:23,523 --> 00:07:26,163 a king's daughter from the age of ten, 84 00:07:26,163 --> 00:07:30,163 striding into a strongly military and hierarchical world. 85 00:07:30,163 --> 00:07:31,843 Ready for inspection. 86 00:07:35,843 --> 00:07:38,483 This was her first public engagement. 87 00:07:38,483 --> 00:07:40,563 Ceremony at Windsor Castle. 88 00:07:40,563 --> 00:07:43,163 Princess Elizabeth celebrated her 16th birthday 89 00:07:43,163 --> 00:07:45,523 by inspecting the Grenadier Guards 90 00:07:45,523 --> 00:07:48,203 in her capacity as Colonel of the Regiment. 91 00:07:48,203 --> 00:07:50,443 After the ceremony, there were presentations 92 00:07:50,443 --> 00:07:52,363 and informal conversations. 93 00:07:54,203 --> 00:07:56,883 And this final record of the occasion. 94 00:08:00,363 --> 00:08:04,363 And in 1944, at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Hackney, 95 00:08:04,363 --> 00:08:07,643 her first public speech before the cameras. 96 00:08:07,643 --> 00:08:10,083 I need not say how proud I am 97 00:08:10,083 --> 00:08:14,323 to be associated with the hospital in this way. 98 00:08:14,323 --> 00:08:18,003 I feel that I have long had very close ties with it. 99 00:08:19,403 --> 00:08:22,483 But no speech embodied her character and belief 100 00:08:22,483 --> 00:08:26,963 more than the one she gave in South Africa on her 21st birthday, 101 00:08:26,963 --> 00:08:31,403 when she pledged herself as a kind of sacrifice to the British state. 102 00:08:32,603 --> 00:08:35,003 I declare before you all 103 00:08:35,003 --> 00:08:39,043 that my whole life, whether it be long or short, 104 00:08:39,043 --> 00:08:41,323 shall be devoted to your service 105 00:08:41,323 --> 00:08:45,363 and to the service of our great imperial family 106 00:08:45,363 --> 00:08:47,203 to which we all belong. 107 00:08:47,203 --> 00:08:50,403 God help me to make good my vow, 108 00:08:50,403 --> 00:08:53,803 and God bless all of you who are willing to share in it. 109 00:08:57,123 --> 00:09:02,603 She says, "I pledge myself to serve you," 110 00:09:02,603 --> 00:09:04,163 and, by the way, 111 00:09:04,163 --> 00:09:08,763 the "you" here is not just people in London or even in England - 112 00:09:08,763 --> 00:09:10,883 it is the whole... 113 00:09:10,883 --> 00:09:14,923 ..then empire, becoming the Commonwealth. 114 00:09:16,203 --> 00:09:18,843 We learnt from it that the Queen's sense of duty 115 00:09:18,843 --> 00:09:20,563 came above everything else - 116 00:09:20,563 --> 00:09:23,763 above marriage, above parenthood. 117 00:09:23,763 --> 00:09:26,483 She is pledging herself to serve. 118 00:09:26,483 --> 00:09:29,523 But where did this sense of duty come from? 119 00:09:29,523 --> 00:09:31,563 Her early life was crucial. 120 00:09:31,563 --> 00:09:35,443 She'd watched her grandfather, the King-Emperor George V, 121 00:09:35,443 --> 00:09:38,643 at his Silver Jubilee in 1935 122 00:09:38,643 --> 00:09:41,923 and then, in dramatic, even scandalous circumstances, 123 00:09:41,923 --> 00:09:46,683 her father was called upon to step into his brother's shoes. 124 00:09:46,683 --> 00:09:49,563 This is Windsor Castle. 125 00:09:49,563 --> 00:09:55,043 And now that I have been succeeded by my brother, 126 00:09:55,043 --> 00:10:00,203 my first words must be to declare my allegiance to him. 127 00:10:01,483 --> 00:10:06,123 But you must believe me when I tell you 128 00:10:06,123 --> 00:10:08,683 that I have found it impossible 129 00:10:08,683 --> 00:10:12,523 to carry the heavy burden of responsibility 130 00:10:12,523 --> 00:10:17,523 without the help and support of the woman I love. 131 00:10:19,723 --> 00:10:22,163 It was as if a deep line had been scored across 132 00:10:22,163 --> 00:10:25,123 the history of these islands, 133 00:10:25,123 --> 00:10:26,803 and also the history of the monarchy. 134 00:10:26,803 --> 00:10:32,563 Edward VIII's reign lasted just 325 days. 135 00:10:32,563 --> 00:10:35,043 He was the first British monarch to abdicate. 136 00:10:35,043 --> 00:10:37,763 He did so in order to marry the twice-divorced American 137 00:10:37,763 --> 00:10:39,563 Wallis Simpson. 138 00:10:39,563 --> 00:10:42,443 With no children, the crown went to his younger brother, 139 00:10:42,443 --> 00:10:44,963 the Duke of York, a quiet family man 140 00:10:44,963 --> 00:10:48,203 whose happy marriage to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 141 00:10:48,203 --> 00:10:51,003 had borne the two girls, Elizabeth and Margaret. 142 00:10:51,003 --> 00:10:55,803 The abdication in December 1936 caused a political crisis. 143 00:10:55,803 --> 00:10:58,443 It divided the nation 144 00:10:58,443 --> 00:11:02,283 and there was talk about whether the monarchy itself would survive. 145 00:11:05,523 --> 00:11:07,523 But, I mean, it's a tremendous shock 146 00:11:07,523 --> 00:11:10,603 to a rather staid and very settled society 147 00:11:10,603 --> 00:11:12,803 and the institution that is at the apex 148 00:11:12,803 --> 00:11:15,763 of the political and administrative systems. 149 00:11:15,763 --> 00:11:20,083 So it's quite hard now, in a secular age, more secular age, 150 00:11:20,083 --> 00:11:23,523 and a more understanding age about divorce and personal preferences 151 00:11:23,523 --> 00:11:25,003 and all the rest of it, 152 00:11:25,003 --> 00:11:29,163 to appreciate just what a lightning flash December 1936 was. 153 00:11:32,083 --> 00:11:34,403 When King George VI came to the throne, 154 00:11:34,403 --> 00:11:38,443 the princesses were moved to Buckingham Palace. 155 00:11:38,443 --> 00:11:41,683 When she was told, a horrified Elizabeth replied, 156 00:11:41,683 --> 00:11:43,843 "What? Do you mean forever?" 157 00:11:46,283 --> 00:11:51,243 "Does this mean you'll be queen?" asked her sister, Princess Margaret. 158 00:11:51,243 --> 00:11:52,803 "I suppose it does." 159 00:11:56,523 --> 00:11:59,763 She was born into this really happy family. 160 00:11:59,763 --> 00:12:02,803 They had dogs, they had a lovely family life 161 00:12:02,803 --> 00:12:07,563 and they were a very secure little unit and a very loving little unit, 162 00:12:07,563 --> 00:12:12,203 and then, suddenly, the security of her life went out the window. 163 00:12:13,683 --> 00:12:16,723 Leaving their comfortable private home in Piccadilly, 164 00:12:16,723 --> 00:12:19,923 the task was thrust towards them 165 00:12:19,923 --> 00:12:23,123 and the whole family had to learn to embrace it. 166 00:12:23,123 --> 00:12:25,403 She took it very seriously. 167 00:12:25,403 --> 00:12:28,923 I think the example that she had from her father, 168 00:12:28,923 --> 00:12:30,203 as well as her mother, 169 00:12:30,203 --> 00:12:35,403 was absolutely crucial to her understanding 170 00:12:35,403 --> 00:12:37,443 of what being a monarch actually meant. 171 00:12:39,883 --> 00:12:44,163 She grew up watching her father as he overcame his shyness 172 00:12:44,163 --> 00:12:46,883 to become the face of the Empire at war. 173 00:12:49,323 --> 00:12:51,683 He'd arrange for practical things, 174 00:12:51,683 --> 00:12:54,283 Foreign Office papers she would be shown and so on, 175 00:12:54,283 --> 00:12:58,443 so she picked up from him essential ingredients of kingship, 176 00:12:58,443 --> 00:12:59,843 in the round, the whole lot, 177 00:12:59,843 --> 00:13:02,803 but also she was aware of the affairs of state. 178 00:13:02,803 --> 00:13:04,523 AIR RAID SIREN WAILS 179 00:13:06,003 --> 00:13:07,803 In 1939, when war broke out, 180 00:13:07,803 --> 00:13:11,643 it was suggested that the princesses Elizabeth and Margaret 181 00:13:11,643 --> 00:13:14,243 should be evacuated hurriedly to Canada. 182 00:13:16,363 --> 00:13:21,923 Queen Elizabeth, their mother, said, "I should die if I had to leave. 183 00:13:21,923 --> 00:13:23,563 "The children won't go without me. 184 00:13:23,563 --> 00:13:27,203 "I won't leave the King and the King will never leave." 185 00:13:29,203 --> 00:13:34,323 In daylight raids, between 350 and 400 enemy aircraft 186 00:13:34,323 --> 00:13:38,243 were launched in two attacks against London and southeast England. 187 00:13:39,363 --> 00:13:41,843 While her parents spent their days working in London, 188 00:13:41,843 --> 00:13:43,883 returning to Windsor Castle at night, 189 00:13:43,883 --> 00:13:46,603 Elizabeth watched as her mother courted the press, 190 00:13:46,603 --> 00:13:48,523 boosting the nation's morale, 191 00:13:48,523 --> 00:13:50,843 and joined in along with her sister 192 00:13:50,843 --> 00:13:54,883 in their first radio broadcast in October 1940. 193 00:13:56,923 --> 00:13:59,483 Thousands of you in this country 194 00:13:59,483 --> 00:14:02,043 have had to leave your homes 195 00:14:02,043 --> 00:14:05,363 and be separated from your fathers and mothers. 196 00:14:06,843 --> 00:14:12,203 My sister, Margaret Rose, and I feel so much for you, 197 00:14:12,203 --> 00:14:16,683 as we know from experience what it means to be away 198 00:14:16,683 --> 00:14:18,883 from those we love most of all. 199 00:14:20,083 --> 00:14:23,083 There was this sense that she wanted to say that she understood 200 00:14:23,083 --> 00:14:25,963 how difficult it had been for others her age. 201 00:14:25,963 --> 00:14:28,803 It's almost the first time that we saw her reaching out 202 00:14:28,803 --> 00:14:31,043 to her future subjects. 203 00:14:31,043 --> 00:14:32,923 Four years later, 204 00:14:32,923 --> 00:14:36,363 18-year-old Princess Elizabeth joined the war effort 205 00:14:36,363 --> 00:14:39,803 as a member of the Auxiliary Territorial Service. 206 00:14:41,243 --> 00:14:46,043 I think joining any branch of the Armed Forces in a total war 207 00:14:46,043 --> 00:14:49,123 would leave a very great imprint upon you. 208 00:14:49,123 --> 00:14:54,403 The comradeship, the need for shared fortitude, 209 00:14:54,403 --> 00:14:56,923 and also doing one's bit. 210 00:14:56,923 --> 00:15:00,363 It's very, very important when you have a family on the throne 211 00:15:00,363 --> 00:15:02,363 that the family does its bit 212 00:15:02,363 --> 00:15:05,403 with the rest of the country at times of duress. 213 00:15:05,403 --> 00:15:08,683 I think that Her Majesty herself 214 00:15:08,683 --> 00:15:12,763 was affected by the experience 215 00:15:12,763 --> 00:15:14,963 of that Second World War, 216 00:15:14,963 --> 00:15:19,483 and I think she never forgot watching the whole Commonwealth 217 00:15:19,483 --> 00:15:22,443 come to the aid of the United Kingdom 218 00:15:22,443 --> 00:15:24,683 in its darkest hour. 219 00:15:24,683 --> 00:15:26,203 BIG BEN CHIMES 220 00:15:26,203 --> 00:15:29,323 It was on VE Day that the King had broadcast his message 221 00:15:29,323 --> 00:15:31,643 to the people of Britain, the British Empire 222 00:15:31,643 --> 00:15:34,083 and the Commonwealth of Nations. 223 00:15:34,083 --> 00:15:36,523 The Queen and I know 224 00:15:36,523 --> 00:15:37,923 the ordeals... 225 00:15:39,843 --> 00:15:41,283 ..which you have endured... 226 00:15:43,083 --> 00:15:46,843 ..throughout the Commonwealth and Empire. 227 00:15:46,843 --> 00:15:53,683 People came from the six corners of the then British Empire 228 00:15:53,683 --> 00:15:59,203 to volunteer to help the United Kingdom remain safe 229 00:15:59,203 --> 00:16:02,803 because they were seen as the emblem of freedom. 230 00:16:02,803 --> 00:16:04,443 Almost right up to the end, 231 00:16:04,443 --> 00:16:07,443 London and southern England had been under fire. 232 00:16:07,443 --> 00:16:10,723 London certainly had as much right as anywhere to celebrate victory, 233 00:16:10,723 --> 00:16:13,283 and London certainly did. 234 00:16:13,283 --> 00:16:17,443 On the 8th of May 1945, as victory in Europe was announced, 235 00:16:17,443 --> 00:16:19,683 the crowds shouted for the King. 236 00:16:19,683 --> 00:16:24,523 The princesses could not resist the lure of the swarming streets. 237 00:16:24,523 --> 00:16:29,763 I think we went on the balcony nearly every hour, six times, 238 00:16:29,763 --> 00:16:33,843 and then when the excitement of the floodlights being switched on 239 00:16:33,843 --> 00:16:36,083 got through to us, 240 00:16:36,083 --> 00:16:40,123 my sister and I realised we couldn't see what the crowds were enjoying, 241 00:16:40,123 --> 00:16:44,643 so we asked my parents if we could go out and see for ourselves. 242 00:16:46,603 --> 00:16:49,043 I remember lines of unknown people 243 00:16:49,043 --> 00:16:51,803 linking arms and walking down Whitehall, 244 00:16:51,803 --> 00:16:56,243 all of us just swept along on a tide of happiness and relief. 245 00:16:58,203 --> 00:17:00,803 After crossing Green Park, 246 00:17:00,803 --> 00:17:02,803 we stood outside and shouted, 247 00:17:02,803 --> 00:17:04,883 "We want the King." 248 00:17:04,883 --> 00:17:08,523 I think it was one of the most memorable nights of my life. 249 00:17:11,963 --> 00:17:16,123 These new beginnings saw the princess emerge from the war 250 00:17:16,123 --> 00:17:19,483 as a woman in love, having set her heart 251 00:17:19,483 --> 00:17:22,523 on the naval officer Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, 252 00:17:22,523 --> 00:17:26,403 an impoverished prince from an exiled Greek royal family. 253 00:17:28,043 --> 00:17:33,603 The first time that the media caught on to it, 254 00:17:33,603 --> 00:17:36,803 or decided to make anything of it, 255 00:17:36,803 --> 00:17:39,763 as it happened, was at my wedding 256 00:17:39,763 --> 00:17:42,043 in October 1946. 257 00:17:42,043 --> 00:17:44,803 Meanwhile, at the entrance to the abbey, Prince Philip of Greece 258 00:17:44,803 --> 00:17:48,083 waits to escort the royal family from their car. 259 00:17:48,083 --> 00:17:51,603 And there's a famous photograph which is often published 260 00:17:51,603 --> 00:17:54,883 of him taking her fur coat at the door of Romsey Abbey 261 00:17:54,883 --> 00:17:56,883 and sort of looking at each other, 262 00:17:56,883 --> 00:17:59,963 and I think that started a real interest 263 00:17:59,963 --> 00:18:05,083 because I think people thought, "Aha!" at that point. 264 00:18:05,083 --> 00:18:08,123 The royal family and Princess Elizabeth's fiance 265 00:18:08,123 --> 00:18:11,523 have permitted these special film studies to be made in response 266 00:18:11,523 --> 00:18:14,123 to the rapidly mounting worldwide interest in the forthcoming 267 00:18:14,123 --> 00:18:18,523 royal wedding on the 20th of November in Westminster Abbey. 268 00:18:18,523 --> 00:18:19,883 In the evening, Londoners, 269 00:18:19,883 --> 00:18:22,323 who had been waiting outside the palace for hours, 270 00:18:22,323 --> 00:18:24,243 made their feelings perfectly clear 271 00:18:24,243 --> 00:18:27,123 when the princess and her fiance came out onto the balcony. 272 00:18:32,683 --> 00:18:35,363 The day of the wedding and immense crowds. 273 00:18:35,363 --> 00:18:37,403 Thousands had assembled overnight, 274 00:18:37,403 --> 00:18:40,563 others had arrived at dawn, all eagerly waiting 275 00:18:40,563 --> 00:18:43,443 to see and to cheer the royal procession... 276 00:18:43,443 --> 00:18:45,923 The wedding was a fantastic occasion. 277 00:18:45,923 --> 00:18:48,043 If you think of a family wedding 278 00:18:48,043 --> 00:18:50,403 and multiply it hundreds of times, 279 00:18:50,403 --> 00:18:52,243 it was that sort of atmosphere 280 00:18:52,243 --> 00:18:54,163 that really spread through the country. 281 00:18:54,163 --> 00:18:56,003 I, Elizabeth Alexandra Mary... 282 00:18:56,003 --> 00:18:58,563 Take thee, Philip... ..take thee, Philip... 283 00:18:58,563 --> 00:19:01,483 ..to my wedded husband... ..to my wedded husband. 284 00:19:01,483 --> 00:19:04,163 To have and to hold... To have and to hold... 285 00:19:04,163 --> 00:19:06,803 ..from this day forward. ..from this day forward. 286 00:19:06,803 --> 00:19:08,323 WEDDING MARCH PLAYS 287 00:19:15,123 --> 00:19:18,483 Following the King and Queen in the procession were Queen Mary, 288 00:19:18,483 --> 00:19:21,083 Princess Andrew of Greece, the bridegroom's mother, 289 00:19:21,083 --> 00:19:23,163 and King Haakon of Norway. 290 00:19:23,163 --> 00:19:26,403 The wedding was the first extravagant public display 291 00:19:26,403 --> 00:19:29,883 after the war, drawing scattered and out-of-work royals 292 00:19:29,883 --> 00:19:33,763 from across Europe and reminding the British of a grander age 293 00:19:33,763 --> 00:19:35,763 they'd almost forgotten. 294 00:19:35,763 --> 00:19:39,643 And how they cheered the happy pair when they came out onto the balcony. 295 00:19:39,643 --> 00:19:41,883 What a wonderful picture the princess made, 296 00:19:41,883 --> 00:19:44,203 looking most lovely in her magnificent gown 297 00:19:44,203 --> 00:19:46,283 and standing happily beside her husband. 298 00:19:49,203 --> 00:19:51,803 The two of them were walking out together 299 00:19:51,803 --> 00:19:54,523 into a life of relentless observation. 300 00:19:54,523 --> 00:19:59,203 She would lean on him heavily for humour, advice and spontaneity 301 00:19:59,203 --> 00:20:02,643 as they began a journey in which every outside smile, 302 00:20:02,643 --> 00:20:06,803 every turn of the head, every wave was dutifully filmed. 303 00:20:08,003 --> 00:20:11,843 It was an outstandingly successful marriage. 304 00:20:11,843 --> 00:20:15,483 The common bond is that they loved each other 305 00:20:15,483 --> 00:20:18,003 and went on loving each other. 306 00:20:18,003 --> 00:20:21,243 And they had that rather rare capacity, 307 00:20:21,243 --> 00:20:23,923 both as individuals and as a couple, 308 00:20:23,923 --> 00:20:28,843 always to put other people before themselves. 309 00:20:30,443 --> 00:20:34,003 So I think they really did think of themselves 310 00:20:34,003 --> 00:20:36,123 as sharing a very important job. 311 00:20:38,243 --> 00:20:39,763 He would never interfere 312 00:20:39,763 --> 00:20:42,483 on constitutional issues, 313 00:20:42,483 --> 00:20:47,363 on issues of...to do with sort of government programmes, etc, 314 00:20:47,363 --> 00:20:51,603 but he was incredibly useful to bounce ideas off, 315 00:20:51,603 --> 00:20:53,603 to get his views on things. 316 00:20:56,603 --> 00:20:59,843 Leaving London airport on Saturday in one of the Viking aircraft 317 00:20:59,843 --> 00:21:02,843 of the King's Flight, on which is blazoned the royal badge, 318 00:21:02,843 --> 00:21:05,723 was His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, 319 00:21:05,723 --> 00:21:09,243 lieutenant in the Royal Navy, bound for Malta and service afloat. 320 00:21:10,523 --> 00:21:12,243 It was on the island of Malta 321 00:21:12,243 --> 00:21:16,443 that Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip spent their happiest days 322 00:21:16,443 --> 00:21:21,643 as a young couple, relatively free, relatively private. 323 00:21:21,643 --> 00:21:23,403 I think, for the princess, 324 00:21:23,403 --> 00:21:26,323 it was a marvellous experience 325 00:21:26,323 --> 00:21:29,723 to be able to live a fairly anonymous life 326 00:21:29,723 --> 00:21:33,723 because people were very sensible and realised that, you know, 327 00:21:33,723 --> 00:21:36,123 they didn't want to be treated differently, 328 00:21:36,123 --> 00:21:40,323 and I think it was a very special experience to be able to live 329 00:21:40,323 --> 00:21:42,923 as a private individual for a change. 330 00:21:45,963 --> 00:21:48,403 In Malta, the prince took up polo... 331 00:21:50,243 --> 00:21:53,363 ..and the princess found a hobby of her own... 332 00:21:53,363 --> 00:21:55,523 ..and this is what she filmed, 333 00:21:55,523 --> 00:21:59,803 capturing the greatest and enduring loves of her life - 334 00:21:59,803 --> 00:22:01,523 horses... 335 00:22:01,523 --> 00:22:02,683 ..and her husband. 336 00:22:04,043 --> 00:22:07,483 Dynasties, of course, need children, 337 00:22:07,483 --> 00:22:09,283 and, on cue... 338 00:22:09,283 --> 00:22:10,483 FANFARE 339 00:22:13,083 --> 00:22:15,443 This is the first time for two centuries that a prince 340 00:22:15,443 --> 00:22:18,883 in line of succession to the throne has borne the name Charles. 341 00:22:20,323 --> 00:22:22,003 A year into their marriage, 342 00:22:22,003 --> 00:22:26,563 private home movies captured their newborn, a baby boy. 343 00:22:26,563 --> 00:22:31,723 It was rare to see the princess so relaxed, playful, unguarded - 344 00:22:31,723 --> 00:22:34,443 a glimpse of the ordinary life that she lived 345 00:22:34,443 --> 00:22:36,963 behind the railings and the ceremonial. 346 00:22:39,163 --> 00:22:43,683 Private feeling and public duty were always in tension. 347 00:22:43,683 --> 00:22:47,923 Unlike her, Prince Charles was a future king from his cot. 348 00:22:49,723 --> 00:22:52,763 Two years later came the birth of their second child... 349 00:22:52,763 --> 00:22:54,603 For one-month-old baby Princess Anne, 350 00:22:54,603 --> 00:22:56,203 this was the first public appearance, 351 00:22:56,203 --> 00:22:57,963 but she appeared blissfully unaware... 352 00:22:57,963 --> 00:23:01,563 ..but the family was about to suffer a shattering blow. 353 00:23:03,443 --> 00:23:07,283 In 1952, King George VI was gravely ill. 354 00:23:09,603 --> 00:23:11,923 He sent his daughter and her husband on a tour 355 00:23:11,923 --> 00:23:13,883 of Australia and New Zealand 356 00:23:13,883 --> 00:23:16,123 with a private holiday in Kenya. 357 00:23:18,683 --> 00:23:22,283 It would be the last time that they would see one another. 358 00:23:24,083 --> 00:23:27,563 In Kenya, Prince Philip broke the news to the Queen 359 00:23:27,563 --> 00:23:29,123 of her father's death. 360 00:23:32,923 --> 00:23:34,363 Flying back to London, 361 00:23:34,363 --> 00:23:37,963 she was said to have been in tears, staring out of the window, 362 00:23:37,963 --> 00:23:40,403 contemplating the future. 363 00:23:40,403 --> 00:23:43,283 Official Britain was waiting to claim her. 364 00:23:46,323 --> 00:23:48,643 The death of the King at the age of 56 365 00:23:48,643 --> 00:23:51,683 meant that her life changed forever. 366 00:23:51,683 --> 00:23:56,323 The mother of two young children came to the throne at 25. 367 00:23:58,283 --> 00:23:59,283 Well... 368 00:24:01,123 --> 00:24:03,803 ..it must have been a terrible shock, in many ways. 369 00:24:03,803 --> 00:24:06,363 You could imagine at that age, 370 00:24:06,363 --> 00:24:11,163 when presumably she'd hoped that she'd have a chance to.. 371 00:24:11,163 --> 00:24:13,523 ..to do other things and, you know, 372 00:24:13,523 --> 00:24:20,803 bring up her family and us, and have more time to adjust. 373 00:24:26,003 --> 00:24:27,723 God save the Queen. 374 00:24:27,723 --> 00:24:30,363 CHEERING 375 00:24:30,363 --> 00:24:34,763 It took 16 months to plan but, on June the 2nd 1953, 376 00:24:34,763 --> 00:24:38,603 Queen Elizabeth II's coronation transfixed a country 377 00:24:38,603 --> 00:24:41,643 which was still emerging from austerity and rationing. 378 00:24:41,643 --> 00:24:43,883 The barriers could hardly hold back the multitudes 379 00:24:43,883 --> 00:24:46,003 flooding into the great squares. 380 00:24:46,003 --> 00:24:49,963 Every country of the Commonwealth was represented in that vast crowd. 381 00:24:49,963 --> 00:24:53,643 It was the first television occasion in this country, 382 00:24:53,643 --> 00:24:58,243 and BBC television was the only television network 383 00:24:58,243 --> 00:25:00,363 in Western Europe. 384 00:25:00,363 --> 00:25:03,523 And it was an extraordinary affirmative 385 00:25:03,523 --> 00:25:06,683 and positive, moving event. 386 00:25:06,683 --> 00:25:10,203 And at last, the coach, for which all eyes have been waiting, 387 00:25:10,203 --> 00:25:13,083 and all cheers as they give forth full throated. 388 00:25:17,283 --> 00:25:20,283 One of the things that struck me most forcefully 389 00:25:20,283 --> 00:25:25,163 was the very beginning of the service, when the Queen came in 390 00:25:25,163 --> 00:25:29,563 and went past the throne on which she would sit 391 00:25:29,563 --> 00:25:33,203 and, by herself, knelt in prayer at the high altar - 392 00:25:33,203 --> 00:25:36,883 and there's a profound symbolism there 393 00:25:36,883 --> 00:25:40,643 of the head of state giving her allegiance to God 394 00:25:40,643 --> 00:25:44,043 before anyone gives their allegiance to her. 395 00:25:44,043 --> 00:25:46,203 The Queen anointed, 396 00:25:46,203 --> 00:25:48,323 blessed, 397 00:25:48,323 --> 00:25:50,403 and consecrated. 398 00:25:50,403 --> 00:25:54,603 You're anointed under God and the law. 399 00:25:55,843 --> 00:26:01,443 For her, that's the moment you actually become Queen. 400 00:26:07,203 --> 00:26:11,163 In a ceremony essentially unchanged for over 1,000 years, 401 00:26:11,163 --> 00:26:12,723 the Queen was crowned. 402 00:26:14,003 --> 00:26:17,003 MUSIC: Zadok The Priest by GF Handel 403 00:26:21,563 --> 00:26:24,123 Faith, the Christian faith 404 00:26:24,123 --> 00:26:28,683 has been astonishingly important to the Queen, 405 00:26:28,683 --> 00:26:32,003 and it's been accompanied by real discipline, 406 00:26:32,003 --> 00:26:34,643 observation, churchgoing, 407 00:26:34,643 --> 00:26:38,243 and, I think, has been rooted in a life of prayer. 408 00:26:39,483 --> 00:26:43,323 And I think one of the interesting things about the Queen 409 00:26:43,323 --> 00:26:48,123 is that she would always have been surprised that other people 410 00:26:48,123 --> 00:26:52,203 didn't take prayer so much for granted as she did. 411 00:26:52,203 --> 00:26:55,803 As this day draws to its close, 412 00:26:55,803 --> 00:26:59,003 I know that my abiding memory of it 413 00:26:59,003 --> 00:27:05,203 will be not only the solemnity and beauty of the ceremony, 414 00:27:05,203 --> 00:27:09,283 but the inspiration of your loyalty and affection. 415 00:27:11,043 --> 00:27:14,283 I thank you all from a full heart. 416 00:27:16,003 --> 00:27:17,523 God bless you all. 417 00:27:19,243 --> 00:27:22,243 It was a choice moment. It was a moment to linger on. 418 00:27:22,243 --> 00:27:23,843 It was a moment to savour. 419 00:27:23,843 --> 00:27:26,763 And there she was with her dazzling consort, Prince Philip. 420 00:27:26,763 --> 00:27:30,323 It had the lot, you know. Stardust doesn't sum it up. 421 00:27:33,683 --> 00:27:38,123 27 million people had watched the ceremony on television, 422 00:27:38,123 --> 00:27:42,323 but not these private family moments captured for the Queen herself 423 00:27:42,323 --> 00:27:45,043 behind the scenes at Buckingham Palace. 424 00:27:45,043 --> 00:27:49,483 They remind us that monarchy and family are the same thing. 425 00:27:51,723 --> 00:27:54,283 Prince Charles, now four years old, 426 00:27:54,283 --> 00:27:58,363 was the first child ever to watch his mother being crowned sovereign, 427 00:27:58,363 --> 00:28:00,643 sitting on his grandmother's knee. 428 00:28:00,643 --> 00:28:03,283 Princess Anne was too young to attend. 429 00:28:03,283 --> 00:28:05,483 I shall never forget, 430 00:28:05,483 --> 00:28:07,443 you know, when we were small, 431 00:28:07,443 --> 00:28:09,163 having a bath and she came in 432 00:28:09,163 --> 00:28:13,443 practising wearing the crown for the coronation. 433 00:28:13,443 --> 00:28:17,483 Marvellous moments I shall never forget. 434 00:28:19,123 --> 00:28:22,483 Now, she was sovereign of the United Kingdom, Australia, 435 00:28:22,483 --> 00:28:24,363 New Zealand and Canada, 436 00:28:24,363 --> 00:28:28,843 and head of State of a further 14 independent territories. 437 00:28:28,843 --> 00:28:30,523 Head of the Church of England, 438 00:28:30,523 --> 00:28:33,443 the Royal Navy, the Army, the Royal Air Force, 439 00:28:33,443 --> 00:28:35,403 and, of course, the Commonwealth. 440 00:28:35,403 --> 00:28:37,523 The full weight and glitter 441 00:28:37,523 --> 00:28:41,243 of one of the world's last 24-carat monarchies... 442 00:28:41,243 --> 00:28:43,003 ..and on slim young shoulders. 443 00:28:44,603 --> 00:28:47,563 Her early reign was a golden time. 444 00:28:47,563 --> 00:28:51,163 She and Prince Philip set off on a tour of Commonwealth countries, 445 00:28:51,163 --> 00:28:53,523 including New Zealand and Australia. 446 00:28:55,243 --> 00:28:58,803 She first came in 1954, 447 00:28:58,803 --> 00:29:02,523 when I was 14 or 15, 448 00:29:02,523 --> 00:29:04,803 and it was the first ever 449 00:29:04,803 --> 00:29:07,403 visit to Australia by a reigning monarch 450 00:29:07,403 --> 00:29:09,763 and it created incredible interest. 451 00:29:09,763 --> 00:29:12,163 It was a big event. 452 00:29:12,163 --> 00:29:16,243 I think the reason people responded to her so well 453 00:29:16,243 --> 00:29:20,363 is the love that she had for the Commonwealth was palpable. 454 00:29:21,483 --> 00:29:25,843 Every particle of that territorial empire she cherished, 455 00:29:25,843 --> 00:29:28,763 as she did every particle of her United Kingdom. 456 00:29:33,483 --> 00:29:35,043 A monarch and a mother, 457 00:29:35,043 --> 00:29:36,843 Queen Elizabeth II was the first 458 00:29:36,843 --> 00:29:39,723 reigning British sovereign to have a child 459 00:29:39,723 --> 00:29:41,323 since the days of Queen Victoria, 460 00:29:41,323 --> 00:29:43,843 with the birth of Prince Andrew in 1960. 461 00:29:47,003 --> 00:29:50,403 Prince Edward was born four years later. 462 00:29:50,403 --> 00:29:53,563 Princess Anne is 15. Prince Charles, 17. 463 00:29:55,003 --> 00:29:56,363 As heir apparent, 464 00:29:56,363 --> 00:29:59,243 Prince Charles received the title of Prince of Wales 465 00:29:59,243 --> 00:30:01,283 when he was still a boy. 466 00:30:01,283 --> 00:30:04,083 To help him understand its full significance, 467 00:30:04,083 --> 00:30:08,403 the Queen required him to be formally invested at 20. 468 00:30:08,403 --> 00:30:13,203 I remember very well being slightly nervous, to say the least, 469 00:30:13,203 --> 00:30:16,843 of having to walk up through the whole of the castle 470 00:30:16,843 --> 00:30:19,083 and have this coronet, 471 00:30:19,083 --> 00:30:23,403 which was of a slightly revolutionary design, 472 00:30:23,403 --> 00:30:25,683 plonked onto my head 473 00:30:25,683 --> 00:30:32,523 and then go and kneel in front of my mama 474 00:30:32,523 --> 00:30:34,123 to take the oath. 475 00:30:34,123 --> 00:30:38,683 I, Charles Prince of Wales, do become your liege man 476 00:30:38,683 --> 00:30:40,243 of life and limb. 477 00:30:40,243 --> 00:30:45,043 It was a very proud and moving and rather humbling moment, I thought. 478 00:30:49,163 --> 00:30:50,803 In keeping with modern times, 479 00:30:50,803 --> 00:30:53,763 they have come closer to their peoples than ever before. 480 00:30:56,123 --> 00:30:58,843 In the weeks before his investiture, 481 00:30:58,843 --> 00:31:01,963 a candid television portrait of the royals was watched 482 00:31:01,963 --> 00:31:04,363 by two thirds of the population. 483 00:31:04,363 --> 00:31:08,723 It gave an insight into how the royal family lived in 1960s Britain. 484 00:31:10,803 --> 00:31:17,083 I was wondering if we couldn't find something for the sapphires. 485 00:31:18,803 --> 00:31:20,723 That, you could wear with silver brocade. 486 00:31:20,723 --> 00:31:21,963 Oh, quite easily, yes. 487 00:31:21,963 --> 00:31:23,563 So can we remember that? Yes. 488 00:31:23,563 --> 00:31:27,643 LOW SLIDING NOTE 489 00:31:27,643 --> 00:31:29,243 Sounds like a tiger. 490 00:31:29,243 --> 00:31:30,563 That's right. 491 00:31:30,563 --> 00:31:32,043 GROWLING NOTE 492 00:31:32,043 --> 00:31:33,763 Oh! 493 00:31:33,763 --> 00:31:35,123 Shall we go and join the others? 494 00:31:35,123 --> 00:31:37,603 Yes, shall we go and join the others? 495 00:31:37,603 --> 00:31:40,083 The Queen's juggling of motherhood and monarchy 496 00:31:40,083 --> 00:31:42,283 was much questioned over the years 497 00:31:42,283 --> 00:31:45,443 but not, it should be said, by her children. 498 00:31:45,443 --> 00:31:48,843 The holiday times were pretty well kept, actually, 499 00:31:48,843 --> 00:31:50,443 from our perspective. 500 00:31:50,443 --> 00:31:54,123 Our holidays were... They were nearly always around. 501 00:31:54,123 --> 00:31:56,963 Partly because it included all the things that she enjoyed 502 00:31:56,963 --> 00:32:01,083 and that included the countryside, the dogs, the horses, 503 00:32:01,083 --> 00:32:03,963 and just being out and about and being able to get away a bit 504 00:32:03,963 --> 00:32:05,603 from that public gaze. 505 00:32:07,283 --> 00:32:12,683 And I do have very happy memories of childhood up in Scotland, 506 00:32:12,683 --> 00:32:15,203 you know, Balmoral in the summer. 507 00:32:15,203 --> 00:32:16,283 And... 508 00:32:19,043 --> 00:32:20,083 ..yes, it... 509 00:32:21,363 --> 00:32:24,403 Well, I was very lucky to have her as a mother. 510 00:32:27,803 --> 00:32:32,043 She was always the Queen, because that was really important 511 00:32:32,043 --> 00:32:33,483 for all of us, 512 00:32:33,483 --> 00:32:35,083 but she was always my mother 513 00:32:35,083 --> 00:32:37,323 so that is how you would remember her. 514 00:32:40,403 --> 00:32:43,883 The happiest times, inevitably, that we'd spend together 515 00:32:43,883 --> 00:32:46,123 would be on holidays. 516 00:32:46,123 --> 00:32:49,923 So, Balmoral and Sandringham stand out very, very clearly 517 00:32:49,923 --> 00:32:51,363 as favourite places... 518 00:32:52,603 --> 00:32:56,483 ..because of the time that we spent together as a family. 519 00:32:56,483 --> 00:33:00,043 Oh! Why have you done that? Save you the trouble. 520 00:33:00,043 --> 00:33:04,923 She always took a great interest in things I was doing. 521 00:33:06,603 --> 00:33:11,163 I remember being...when I was sent off to school and everywhere else, 522 00:33:11,163 --> 00:33:12,683 I was always accompanied by a note 523 00:33:12,683 --> 00:33:15,483 saying I was to be treated just like everybody else. 524 00:33:15,483 --> 00:33:19,843 She was working and so we didn't see much of her during the day 525 00:33:19,843 --> 00:33:21,283 because of the duties. 526 00:33:21,283 --> 00:33:23,763 But in the evening, just the same as any other family, 527 00:33:23,763 --> 00:33:25,283 we would get together. 528 00:33:25,283 --> 00:33:26,883 We would always see them at weekends, 529 00:33:26,883 --> 00:33:29,563 we would always go down to Windsor Castle. 530 00:33:29,563 --> 00:33:35,043 We'll see if this is strong enough to... Get off. 531 00:33:35,043 --> 00:33:38,803 We weren't appendages that should be seen and not heard. 532 00:33:38,803 --> 00:33:42,763 We were definitely the priority. 533 00:33:44,123 --> 00:33:46,443 What do you want here? Good morning. 534 00:33:46,443 --> 00:33:48,283 Ice cream. 535 00:33:48,283 --> 00:33:50,403 Ice cream. This is what he really would like. 536 00:33:50,403 --> 00:33:52,443 They always go straight for the ice cream. 537 00:33:54,043 --> 00:33:57,683 The relationship was patently about periods away, 538 00:33:57,683 --> 00:34:00,483 doing things which couldn't be altered, 539 00:34:00,483 --> 00:34:03,683 programmes which were set, 540 00:34:03,683 --> 00:34:06,363 and an attempt to always have a sort of regular time slot 541 00:34:06,363 --> 00:34:07,563 for the children. 542 00:34:09,243 --> 00:34:11,163 Britannia was particularly special. 543 00:34:11,163 --> 00:34:16,083 Those were the times when I probably felt that... 544 00:34:16,083 --> 00:34:21,003 ..you know, the Queen was the most relaxed 545 00:34:21,003 --> 00:34:26,203 and was the furthest away from the pressures of the job and the state. 546 00:34:29,363 --> 00:34:31,683 But there was, you know, there was always a sense of 547 00:34:31,683 --> 00:34:34,363 there were other things which were extremely important, 548 00:34:34,363 --> 00:34:38,123 which had to be dealt with and places had to be gone to. 549 00:34:38,123 --> 00:34:41,843 I certainly accompanied her on tours in the early days, 550 00:34:41,843 --> 00:34:46,123 and that was probably the best way of realising 551 00:34:46,123 --> 00:34:50,563 what was expected of you and how to respond. 552 00:34:52,043 --> 00:34:53,803 It wasn't necessarily very easy 553 00:34:53,803 --> 00:34:57,043 because, of course, the spotlight's on you from the word go, 554 00:34:57,043 --> 00:34:59,203 so you didn't exactly learn in the quiet. 555 00:35:00,923 --> 00:35:03,323 Jump. Jump. 556 00:35:04,883 --> 00:35:06,603 It was a very special relationship 557 00:35:06,603 --> 00:35:10,723 and, apart from my three brothers, 558 00:35:10,723 --> 00:35:12,963 we're the only people who have that relationship, 559 00:35:12,963 --> 00:35:14,803 so that's... 560 00:35:14,803 --> 00:35:16,643 ..that's how I remember her. 561 00:35:22,523 --> 00:35:26,643 So, family first - but only after hours. 562 00:35:26,643 --> 00:35:31,843 Day after day, constitutional duty almost overwhelmed the Queen's life, 563 00:35:31,843 --> 00:35:35,563 starting with an endless river of official documents. 564 00:35:38,043 --> 00:35:42,763 We used to send her up a red box every evening, 565 00:35:42,763 --> 00:35:47,723 full of Cabinet papers, intelligence reports, telegrams. 566 00:35:47,723 --> 00:35:50,523 It would always come back the next day, 567 00:35:50,523 --> 00:35:52,563 read, ticked off. 568 00:35:52,563 --> 00:35:55,483 Since the days of Winston Churchill, 569 00:35:55,483 --> 00:35:58,683 she knew every important secret of the British state, 570 00:35:58,683 --> 00:36:00,963 something shared by nobody else. 571 00:36:05,123 --> 00:36:08,603 As head of state, only the monarch has the power to summon 572 00:36:08,603 --> 00:36:12,003 or end a session of Parliament and appoint a Prime Minister, 573 00:36:12,003 --> 00:36:15,163 and she appointed plenty and knew them well, 574 00:36:15,163 --> 00:36:18,763 seeing each in regular weekly meetings. 575 00:36:18,763 --> 00:36:21,363 The Prime Minister, Your Highness. 576 00:36:21,363 --> 00:36:22,363 Good evening, Ma'am. 577 00:36:24,203 --> 00:36:26,683 I think all prime ministers would say the same. 578 00:36:26,683 --> 00:36:30,763 They're an immensely therapeutic event. 579 00:36:30,763 --> 00:36:33,483 Very nice to see you again. Lovely to see you again. It's been... 580 00:36:33,483 --> 00:36:35,683 It's sort of like a priest - 581 00:36:35,683 --> 00:36:40,123 no matter how appalling your confession may be 582 00:36:40,123 --> 00:36:42,763 about what's been going on, 583 00:36:42,763 --> 00:36:46,523 and...she had heard it all before 584 00:36:46,523 --> 00:36:49,683 and she had seen it all before, 585 00:36:49,683 --> 00:36:51,763 and that was immensely consoling. 586 00:36:52,963 --> 00:36:57,003 It's the one place where a prime minister can sit down with somebody 587 00:36:57,003 --> 00:37:01,443 who is knowledgeable, as the Queen was knowledgeable, 588 00:37:01,443 --> 00:37:06,203 and know that nothing's going to be briefed out from that meeting. 589 00:37:06,203 --> 00:37:08,363 There won't be any leaks from that meeting. 590 00:37:08,363 --> 00:37:10,963 You're both just talking to each other, one to one. 591 00:37:10,963 --> 00:37:12,923 When things were really tough and difficult, 592 00:37:12,923 --> 00:37:14,523 you know, decisions, 593 00:37:14,523 --> 00:37:16,763 war and peace or... 594 00:37:18,003 --> 00:37:22,083 ..even I found, if there was a crisis within government, 595 00:37:22,083 --> 00:37:25,603 those audiences were a chance to talk to someone 596 00:37:25,603 --> 00:37:28,003 with that acquired wisdom, 597 00:37:28,003 --> 00:37:31,443 things that I literally could not discuss with anybody else. 598 00:37:33,203 --> 00:37:35,683 And she was brilliant without ever giving an opinion 599 00:37:35,683 --> 00:37:37,923 to nonetheless give advice. 600 00:37:37,923 --> 00:37:40,923 Beyond regular meetings with her prime ministers, 601 00:37:40,923 --> 00:37:43,043 for most of her reign, the Queen 602 00:37:43,043 --> 00:37:47,723 was engaged in a relentless round of ceremonial duties, 603 00:37:47,723 --> 00:37:49,963 from the Garter Parade at Windsor 604 00:37:49,963 --> 00:37:53,203 to garden parties at Buckingham Palace and Holyroodhouse, 605 00:37:53,203 --> 00:37:57,563 with more than 30,000 guests attending each year. 606 00:37:59,443 --> 00:38:01,203 In her lifetime, 607 00:38:01,203 --> 00:38:06,243 the Queen conferred more than 400,000 honours and awards. 608 00:38:06,243 --> 00:38:09,403 As a token of thanks and appreciation... 609 00:38:09,403 --> 00:38:13,443 By her recognising the work that they were doing, 610 00:38:13,443 --> 00:38:15,123 the sense of pride 611 00:38:15,123 --> 00:38:17,563 and self-worth that she gave to people 612 00:38:17,563 --> 00:38:20,843 is something that is so valuable. 613 00:38:21,923 --> 00:38:24,843 Each June saw the celebration of her official birthday 614 00:38:24,843 --> 00:38:26,563 at Trooping the Colour. 615 00:38:29,203 --> 00:38:31,123 Until the latter years of her reign, 616 00:38:31,123 --> 00:38:34,643 the Queen turned up for around 400 official engagements 617 00:38:34,643 --> 00:38:36,603 every year in the UK 618 00:38:36,603 --> 00:38:40,283 and across her reign she made more than 270 foreign trips. 619 00:38:41,883 --> 00:38:44,843 Monsieur le President, mesdames et messieurs, 620 00:38:44,843 --> 00:38:48,523 je rends hommage a la nation francaise. 621 00:38:48,523 --> 00:38:52,363 Each year, 1,000 diplomats mingled at Buckingham Palace 622 00:38:52,363 --> 00:38:54,243 in the presence of the royal family, 623 00:38:54,243 --> 00:38:57,843 with every single one of them expecting at least a few sentences. 624 00:38:59,523 --> 00:39:02,923 You're studying here? 625 00:39:02,923 --> 00:39:05,963 Whenever we did engagements which required all the family 626 00:39:05,963 --> 00:39:10,603 to be together, we would often discuss afterwards 627 00:39:10,603 --> 00:39:12,523 funny things that had happened 628 00:39:12,523 --> 00:39:15,723 and she loved to hear all of those stories. 629 00:39:15,723 --> 00:39:18,643 She had the most wonderful sense of humour. 630 00:39:18,643 --> 00:39:21,083 Well, Your Majesty, you're looking well, 631 00:39:21,083 --> 00:39:25,283 taking into account your tight schedule. 632 00:39:25,283 --> 00:39:28,563 Tomorrow I'm going to see 16 people. 633 00:39:28,563 --> 00:39:31,403 I may not look so good tomorrow. LAUGHTER 634 00:39:31,403 --> 00:39:34,483 In 1991, the Queen was officially welcomed 635 00:39:34,483 --> 00:39:38,403 by the United States President, George Bush Sr. 636 00:39:38,403 --> 00:39:41,243 Unfortunately, no-one adjusted her podium. 637 00:39:41,243 --> 00:39:42,843 Instead of the head of state, 638 00:39:42,843 --> 00:39:46,003 the world's press and television saw only the hat of state. 639 00:39:46,003 --> 00:39:50,003 It is 15 years since our last visit to Washington. 640 00:39:50,003 --> 00:39:53,043 Mr Speaker, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 641 00:39:53,043 --> 00:39:55,523 His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh. 642 00:39:55,523 --> 00:39:57,963 Two days later, at a meeting of the US Senate, 643 00:39:57,963 --> 00:40:00,483 the Queen made it quite clear that she'd noticed. 644 00:40:00,483 --> 00:40:02,083 APPLAUSE 645 00:40:09,043 --> 00:40:11,803 I do hope you can see me today from where you are. 646 00:40:11,803 --> 00:40:14,283 LAUGHTER 647 00:40:21,683 --> 00:40:25,683 During her long reign, there were serious challenges. 648 00:40:25,683 --> 00:40:30,403 To be queen meant to weather all the storms of the changes of atmosphere 649 00:40:30,403 --> 00:40:32,483 that blew in around her. 650 00:40:32,483 --> 00:40:37,443 By the 1970s, a rougher and more politically extreme decade, 651 00:40:37,443 --> 00:40:42,243 overt Republicanism began to be voiced, particularly in Scotland. 652 00:40:42,243 --> 00:40:44,563 Some students started banging on the window, 653 00:40:44,563 --> 00:40:47,123 shouting, "Queen out." 654 00:40:47,123 --> 00:40:49,563 Groups of students, many drinking beer and wine, 655 00:40:49,563 --> 00:40:51,883 were almost everywhere the Queen went. 656 00:40:51,883 --> 00:40:55,363 Obscene songs were sung and a stink bomb was thrown 657 00:40:55,363 --> 00:40:58,883 as students protested at the amount of money spent on the visit. 658 00:40:58,883 --> 00:41:00,403 The Queen appeared unruffled 659 00:41:00,403 --> 00:41:02,483 and none of the students actually reached her. 660 00:41:04,043 --> 00:41:08,763 Her Silver Jubilee celebration of 1977 was, in one way, 661 00:41:08,763 --> 00:41:11,683 a test of the institution of monarchy itself. 662 00:41:13,683 --> 00:41:15,003 She easily passed it 663 00:41:15,003 --> 00:41:19,203 with the help of the biggest street parties ever seen 664 00:41:19,203 --> 00:41:21,403 and an emotional statement, 665 00:41:21,403 --> 00:41:24,083 reiterating the promise she had first made 666 00:41:24,083 --> 00:41:25,963 as a princess on a birthday long ago. 667 00:41:25,963 --> 00:41:33,003 When I was 21, I pledged my life to the service of our people... 668 00:41:33,003 --> 00:41:36,683 ..and I asked for God's help to make good that vow. 669 00:41:38,923 --> 00:41:43,283 Although that vow was made in my salad days, 670 00:41:43,283 --> 00:41:46,523 when I was green in judgment, 671 00:41:46,523 --> 00:41:49,963 I do not regret nor retract one word of it. 672 00:41:52,923 --> 00:41:56,083 She wasn't going to flinch or step away. 673 00:41:56,083 --> 00:41:59,763 Her resolution would be tested time and time again, 674 00:41:59,763 --> 00:42:02,363 and never more brutally than when, in 1979, 675 00:42:02,363 --> 00:42:06,163 the republicanism of the Northern Ireland Troubles 676 00:42:06,163 --> 00:42:08,603 came horribly close to home. 677 00:42:10,243 --> 00:42:13,843 The man she called Uncle Dickie, Lord Louis Mountbatten, 678 00:42:13,843 --> 00:42:17,163 was murdered by the IRA on a family boating trip. 679 00:42:22,643 --> 00:42:24,843 A huge amount of private grief for the Queen, 680 00:42:24,843 --> 00:42:27,643 but she would have known that, for Prince Philip, 681 00:42:27,643 --> 00:42:30,563 for her husband, it would have been devastating, 682 00:42:30,563 --> 00:42:32,403 knowing that he'd lost probably 683 00:42:32,403 --> 00:42:35,003 the second most important person in his life. 684 00:42:35,003 --> 00:42:37,843 I think it added a sense of fragility, really. 685 00:42:37,843 --> 00:42:41,403 Just brought home the reality of the fact that actually the royals 686 00:42:41,403 --> 00:42:44,003 and their supporters could be targets 687 00:42:44,003 --> 00:42:46,723 and that effectively rocked the royal family to its core. 688 00:42:47,883 --> 00:42:52,483 In her lifetime, the most serious challenges to the status of monarchy 689 00:42:52,483 --> 00:42:55,003 came not from external factors, 690 00:42:55,003 --> 00:42:57,283 but internal family troubles. 691 00:42:57,283 --> 00:43:00,283 Not a paradox, really, because the House of Windsor, 692 00:43:00,283 --> 00:43:02,683 the self-styled family monarchy, 693 00:43:02,683 --> 00:43:06,683 prided itself on upholding traditional Christian values. 694 00:43:06,683 --> 00:43:10,803 After her own wedding, the Queen gave a speech denouncing divorce - 695 00:43:10,803 --> 00:43:15,523 but the modern monarchy couldn't escape marital breakdown. 696 00:43:17,323 --> 00:43:20,763 The first divorcee in the Queen's close family circle 697 00:43:20,763 --> 00:43:23,083 was her only sister, Princess Margaret. 698 00:43:29,283 --> 00:43:33,443 In 1960, she married Antony Armstrong-Jones 699 00:43:33,443 --> 00:43:36,163 and, in 1978, they divorced. 700 00:43:39,043 --> 00:43:42,763 The Queen's first child to marry was Princess Anne, 701 00:43:42,763 --> 00:43:45,843 who wed Captain Mark Phillips in 1973... 702 00:43:47,323 --> 00:43:48,763 ..and, in 1986, 703 00:43:48,763 --> 00:43:52,483 the nation celebrated the wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson. 704 00:43:59,603 --> 00:44:04,123 They separated in the same year as Princess Anne's divorce. 705 00:44:04,123 --> 00:44:12,043 1992 is not a year on which I shall look back with undiluted pleasure. 706 00:44:14,643 --> 00:44:18,963 In the words of one of my more sympathetic correspondents, 707 00:44:18,963 --> 00:44:23,083 it has turned out to be an annus horribilis. 708 00:44:25,243 --> 00:44:29,723 This year of upheaval also saw Windsor Castle catch fire 709 00:44:29,723 --> 00:44:33,163 on what was the Queen's 45th wedding anniversary. 710 00:44:35,323 --> 00:44:39,403 The castle, occupied by a royal family for almost 1,000 years, 711 00:44:39,403 --> 00:44:42,963 was partially gutted by the most humdrum accident - 712 00:44:42,963 --> 00:44:45,723 a spotlight setting fire to a curtain. 713 00:44:47,083 --> 00:44:51,403 I don't think any of us will forget the sight 714 00:44:51,403 --> 00:44:53,203 of our diminutive sovereign 715 00:44:53,203 --> 00:44:55,483 in that raincoat and cape and hood, 716 00:44:55,483 --> 00:44:58,323 you know, in the rain, 717 00:44:58,323 --> 00:45:01,483 looking at the damage and how it was being dealt with. 718 00:45:04,763 --> 00:45:08,243 But 1992, this year of royal trauma, 719 00:45:08,243 --> 00:45:10,923 was overwhelmed by the news of another, 720 00:45:10,923 --> 00:45:12,843 more dramatic marriage breakdown. 721 00:45:14,043 --> 00:45:17,323 It is announced from Buckingham Palace that, with regret, 722 00:45:17,323 --> 00:45:20,363 the Prince and Princess of Wales have decided to separate. 723 00:45:21,443 --> 00:45:24,043 Separation then led to divorce, 724 00:45:24,043 --> 00:45:28,243 something few people thought possible back in 1981, 725 00:45:28,243 --> 00:45:31,043 when Prince Charles, heir to the British throne, 726 00:45:31,043 --> 00:45:33,323 married Lady Diana Spencer. 727 00:45:35,163 --> 00:45:36,843 With no expense spared, 728 00:45:36,843 --> 00:45:40,283 this had been one of the great public weddings of all time, 729 00:45:40,283 --> 00:45:45,563 watched by a global audience of 750 million people. 730 00:45:49,363 --> 00:45:51,283 And what an extraordinary moment 731 00:45:51,283 --> 00:45:53,323 for the new Princess of Wales 732 00:45:53,323 --> 00:45:57,003 to look out at this sea of human beings... 733 00:45:58,403 --> 00:46:01,603 ..who now will feel that they, in some way, own her. 734 00:46:04,603 --> 00:46:06,083 At the time, 735 00:46:06,083 --> 00:46:09,203 the future of the monarchy had never seemed more secure 736 00:46:09,203 --> 00:46:12,803 than with the birth of Prince William of Wales in 1982. 737 00:46:14,203 --> 00:46:17,803 Two years later, a second son was born. 738 00:46:17,803 --> 00:46:19,643 Prince Harry appeared for the cameras 739 00:46:19,643 --> 00:46:21,883 wearing the christening robe of Honiton lace 740 00:46:21,883 --> 00:46:24,363 worn by generations of royal babies. 741 00:46:24,363 --> 00:46:26,123 For his father, Prince Charles, 742 00:46:26,123 --> 00:46:28,843 it was an excuse to give an instant history lesson 743 00:46:28,843 --> 00:46:31,043 to young Prince William. 744 00:46:31,043 --> 00:46:33,403 Granny was christened in this. 745 00:46:33,403 --> 00:46:35,363 Great Granny. And Great Granny. 746 00:46:36,963 --> 00:46:38,203 And I was. 747 00:46:39,883 --> 00:46:44,323 But by the mid-1990s, the final scenes and confrontations 748 00:46:44,323 --> 00:46:46,803 between them were being played out in public. 749 00:46:51,603 --> 00:46:55,603 When it was clear that they were going to separate, 750 00:46:55,603 --> 00:47:00,283 I was very much, at that stage, the intermediary with the princess. 751 00:47:01,523 --> 00:47:04,403 The Queen was... 752 00:47:04,403 --> 00:47:09,683 ..looking at pragmatic ways in which she could 753 00:47:09,683 --> 00:47:14,443 help the princess in establishing a new life. 754 00:47:14,443 --> 00:47:18,683 I think the Queen accepted 755 00:47:18,683 --> 00:47:23,763 that this was the sad outcome of that. 756 00:47:23,763 --> 00:47:26,723 She kept in close touch with the princess. 757 00:47:27,923 --> 00:47:34,443 Then, in August 1997, came news which shook not only the monarchy 758 00:47:34,443 --> 00:47:36,363 but the world. 759 00:47:38,643 --> 00:47:41,843 REPORTER: Just after midnight, the black Mercedes hit the kerb, 760 00:47:41,843 --> 00:47:44,403 cannoned into a concrete pillar of an underpass, 761 00:47:44,403 --> 00:47:46,763 then bounced into the side wall. 762 00:47:46,763 --> 00:47:49,763 Concussion, a broken arm, lacerations to the thigh 763 00:47:49,763 --> 00:47:52,763 shouldn't give enormous cause for concern... 764 00:47:52,763 --> 00:47:55,403 Stephen, I have to interrupt there, 765 00:47:55,403 --> 00:47:58,123 because, within the last few moments, 766 00:47:58,123 --> 00:48:00,643 the Press Association in Britain, 767 00:48:00,643 --> 00:48:03,003 citing unnamed British sources, 768 00:48:03,003 --> 00:48:06,123 has reported that Diana, Princess of Wales, has died. 769 00:48:10,043 --> 00:48:12,683 Everything came to a sudden head. 770 00:48:12,683 --> 00:48:15,603 Much of Britain was convulsed with grief - 771 00:48:15,603 --> 00:48:17,523 publicly displayed grief, 772 00:48:17,523 --> 00:48:21,163 an almost Mediterranean outpouring of grief. 773 00:48:21,163 --> 00:48:23,803 SHE SOBS 774 00:48:23,803 --> 00:48:26,763 As the nation mourned, it was the Queen herself 775 00:48:26,763 --> 00:48:29,323 who was criticised for staying silent. 776 00:48:30,643 --> 00:48:33,203 That was a very difficult time for the monarchy 777 00:48:33,203 --> 00:48:35,163 because, frankly, there was a... 778 00:48:35,163 --> 00:48:39,003 ..there was a distance that arose very sharply 779 00:48:39,003 --> 00:48:45,163 between the public reaction to Princess Diana's death and... 780 00:48:45,163 --> 00:48:48,603 ..the traditional distance of the monarchy 781 00:48:48,603 --> 00:48:52,443 and reserve of the monarchy in situations like that. 782 00:48:52,443 --> 00:48:55,883 And over the days of that week... 783 00:48:58,163 --> 00:49:00,923 ..she was, I think, genuinely wrestling 784 00:49:00,923 --> 00:49:05,243 with what she felt was appropriate and what she felt was necessary, 785 00:49:05,243 --> 00:49:07,803 and was it possible to find the right compromise 786 00:49:07,803 --> 00:49:09,603 between those two things? 787 00:49:10,923 --> 00:49:13,203 For four days after Diana's death, 788 00:49:13,203 --> 00:49:18,523 the Queen stayed with her grandsons at Balmoral as public anger grew. 789 00:49:20,683 --> 00:49:23,523 There were two young princes 790 00:49:23,523 --> 00:49:25,883 who had lost their mother, 791 00:49:25,883 --> 00:49:30,923 and how the family coped with that 792 00:49:30,923 --> 00:49:34,723 was very much in her mind. 793 00:49:35,763 --> 00:49:39,803 I think it was one of the occasions 794 00:49:39,803 --> 00:49:47,323 when she put family centre stage for a few days, 795 00:49:47,323 --> 00:49:51,723 at the same time as trying to work out 796 00:49:51,723 --> 00:49:56,243 how the nation honoured, if you like, the princess. 797 00:49:56,243 --> 00:49:59,563 The Queen came back to London. 798 00:49:59,563 --> 00:50:05,523 I remember that the atmosphere was really threatening. 799 00:50:05,523 --> 00:50:09,683 Large crowds of people, but silent. 800 00:50:09,683 --> 00:50:15,363 As the Queen's car came to the end of Constitution Hill 801 00:50:15,363 --> 00:50:17,803 to approach Buckingham Palace, 802 00:50:17,803 --> 00:50:22,763 you began to hear a slight applause amongst the crowd. 803 00:50:22,763 --> 00:50:24,363 REPORTER: This is a tragic occasion. 804 00:50:24,363 --> 00:50:26,443 Looks as though the Queen is about to... She is. 805 00:50:26,443 --> 00:50:29,283 She's getting out of the car, Wes, and is going to talk to people. 806 00:50:29,283 --> 00:50:31,083 It's extremely unusual. 807 00:50:31,083 --> 00:50:33,163 This is almost unprecedented. 808 00:50:31,083 --> 00:50:33,163 SOFT APPLAUSE 809 00:50:33,163 --> 00:50:37,203 I think perhaps the last time that the Queen was among her people, 810 00:50:37,203 --> 00:50:41,443 outside the Palace, was the day the war in Europe ended. 811 00:50:41,443 --> 00:50:45,963 And from that moment, it sort of felt that the Queen had come back, 812 00:50:45,963 --> 00:50:49,963 that the criticism that had been made had, in a way, been answered, 813 00:50:49,963 --> 00:50:52,843 and the atmosphere did change after that. 814 00:50:55,643 --> 00:50:58,763 On the fifth day after the princess's death, 815 00:50:58,763 --> 00:51:01,523 the Queen finally talked to the people. 816 00:51:01,523 --> 00:51:04,163 In her calmly familiar voice, 817 00:51:04,163 --> 00:51:08,283 she said something difficult and unfamiliar. 818 00:51:08,283 --> 00:51:11,443 It was a generous admission of Diana's power. 819 00:51:12,683 --> 00:51:16,883 What I say to you now, as your queen and as a grandmother, 820 00:51:16,883 --> 00:51:18,523 I say from my heart. 821 00:51:20,163 --> 00:51:24,203 First, I want to pay tribute to Diana myself. 822 00:51:24,203 --> 00:51:27,603 She was an exceptional and gifted human being. 823 00:51:27,603 --> 00:51:30,203 In good times and bad, 824 00:51:30,203 --> 00:51:33,683 she never lost her capacity to smile and laugh, 825 00:51:33,683 --> 00:51:37,403 nor to inspire others with her warmth and kindness. 826 00:51:37,403 --> 00:51:39,963 It was interesting in the conversations 827 00:51:39,963 --> 00:51:41,883 I had with her that week... 828 00:51:41,883 --> 00:51:45,963 I mean, I could tell the hesitation and the reserve. 829 00:51:45,963 --> 00:51:49,643 But what came through ultimately and predominated 830 00:51:49,643 --> 00:51:51,923 was what she thought was necessary and right, 831 00:51:51,923 --> 00:51:54,003 not just for the monarchy, but for the country. 832 00:51:54,003 --> 00:52:01,163 She does duty, and her duty was to lead the country 833 00:52:01,163 --> 00:52:02,963 through a difficult time, 834 00:52:02,963 --> 00:52:05,923 even if actually some of the difficulty 835 00:52:05,923 --> 00:52:08,123 and some of the antagonism 836 00:52:08,123 --> 00:52:10,603 and anger was directed at her. 837 00:52:12,203 --> 00:52:15,763 Six days after her death, Diana's funeral took place 838 00:52:15,763 --> 00:52:17,363 at Westminster Abbey, 839 00:52:17,363 --> 00:52:21,123 and, as the coffin passed, the Queen paid her respects in a way 840 00:52:21,123 --> 00:52:24,403 she had never been seen to do before. 841 00:52:24,403 --> 00:52:27,843 I was standing right behind the Queen 842 00:52:27,843 --> 00:52:32,603 and, completely to my surprise, the Queen gave a bow. 843 00:52:32,603 --> 00:52:34,203 It wasn't a nod. 844 00:52:34,203 --> 00:52:36,763 It was quite a bow. 845 00:52:36,763 --> 00:52:39,803 It hadn't been discussed beforehand at all. 846 00:52:41,043 --> 00:52:44,843 And I think it was something that came completely from her 847 00:52:44,843 --> 00:52:47,043 and it was a wonderful gesture. 848 00:53:04,123 --> 00:53:07,243 She was the queen of the stiff upper lip. 849 00:53:07,243 --> 00:53:10,003 She didn't like displays of emotion, 850 00:53:10,003 --> 00:53:14,163 particularly over what she saw as personal private issues. 851 00:53:14,163 --> 00:53:19,043 Monarchy meant to her stability, dignity and continuity, 852 00:53:19,043 --> 00:53:22,363 even in the face of direct threats against her. 853 00:53:25,483 --> 00:53:28,403 At the age of 55, during the Queen's annual Birthday Parade, 854 00:53:28,403 --> 00:53:29,723 Trooping the Colour, 855 00:53:29,723 --> 00:53:32,563 despite the heavy presence of troops and police, 856 00:53:32,563 --> 00:53:37,123 a man fired directly at the Queen six times. 857 00:53:37,123 --> 00:53:39,043 GUNSHOTS 858 00:53:37,123 --> 00:53:39,043 REPORTER: Duke of Edinburgh, 859 00:53:39,043 --> 00:53:40,923 Colonel of the Grenadier Guards... 860 00:53:40,923 --> 00:53:45,283 She barely flinched, concentrating on controlling her frightened horse. 861 00:53:45,283 --> 00:53:48,323 The policemen immediately dived at him, about half a dozen of them. 862 00:53:48,323 --> 00:53:50,723 I think one soldier got involved, at least, 863 00:53:50,723 --> 00:53:52,363 because he lost his bearskin 864 00:53:52,363 --> 00:53:54,603 and had to retrieve it afterwards. 865 00:53:54,603 --> 00:53:58,323 It turned out to be a replica gun firing blanks. 866 00:53:58,323 --> 00:54:01,203 The Queen, who carried on with the parade, 867 00:54:01,203 --> 00:54:05,443 had no idea whether she had just narrowly escaped assassination. 868 00:54:10,363 --> 00:54:13,963 But nothing highlighted her vulnerability and calmness 869 00:54:13,963 --> 00:54:17,563 more than the day in 1982 when she woke up to find 870 00:54:17,563 --> 00:54:21,323 a disturbed, barefoot intruder in her bedroom. 871 00:54:21,323 --> 00:54:27,563 The man, Michael Fagan, had somehow stumbled across the Queen alone 872 00:54:27,563 --> 00:54:30,483 during his second foray into the Palace. 873 00:54:30,483 --> 00:54:33,483 He came in through a place where the alarm kept going off, 874 00:54:33,483 --> 00:54:35,483 so the... 875 00:54:35,483 --> 00:54:39,003 ..policeman in the police lodge says, "Oh, it's that alarm again. 876 00:54:39,003 --> 00:54:40,003 "Switch it off." 877 00:54:41,443 --> 00:54:44,723 The policeman who was on guard at the Queen's door, 878 00:54:44,723 --> 00:54:48,243 and should have been there, had some urgent appointment, 879 00:54:48,243 --> 00:54:51,243 or so he thought, and he knew his colleague was coming on 880 00:54:51,243 --> 00:54:53,683 in a few minutes' time, so he nipped off. 881 00:54:55,123 --> 00:54:58,763 Startled, the Queen was woken up by Fagan, 882 00:54:58,763 --> 00:55:02,763 and after an exchange of words, she managed to leave the room. 883 00:55:04,843 --> 00:55:07,683 The Queen was unharmed and Fagan was apprehended. 884 00:55:13,683 --> 00:55:16,243 This steely character was called upon 885 00:55:16,243 --> 00:55:19,363 at moments of national commemoration and crisis. 886 00:55:20,763 --> 00:55:22,643 She never said very much, 887 00:55:22,643 --> 00:55:25,443 but she was always there to give witness 888 00:55:25,443 --> 00:55:27,403 to what had gone before 889 00:55:27,403 --> 00:55:28,883 and to hear the pain. 890 00:55:30,043 --> 00:55:33,563 What was perhaps underestimated was the personal toll 891 00:55:33,563 --> 00:55:34,923 it took upon her. 892 00:55:37,403 --> 00:55:40,603 When a coal tip collapsed in the Welsh mining village 893 00:55:40,603 --> 00:55:43,083 of Aberfan in 1966, 894 00:55:43,083 --> 00:55:46,963 it engulfed a row of houses and an infant school. 895 00:55:46,963 --> 00:55:51,963 Of 144 people who died, 116 were children. 896 00:55:59,763 --> 00:56:02,963 The Queen waited eight days before visiting - 897 00:56:02,963 --> 00:56:05,723 something she reportedly deeply regretted. 898 00:56:07,283 --> 00:56:10,483 Perhaps that was why she would return to Aberfan 899 00:56:10,483 --> 00:56:12,683 several times during her reign. 900 00:56:14,003 --> 00:56:17,043 And 30 years later, when a gunman ran amok 901 00:56:17,043 --> 00:56:19,163 in the Scottish town of Dunblane, 902 00:56:19,163 --> 00:56:21,763 killing a teacher and 16 schoolchildren, 903 00:56:21,763 --> 00:56:24,763 the Queen knew what was called for. 904 00:56:26,163 --> 00:56:28,643 There we were in Dunblane Cathedral 905 00:56:28,643 --> 00:56:34,043 and the Queen had met the emergency services and the councillors 906 00:56:34,043 --> 00:56:35,723 and various representatives 907 00:56:35,723 --> 00:56:39,403 of the community to commiserate on behalf of the country, 908 00:56:39,403 --> 00:56:42,483 and there had been a moment set aside in the vestry, 909 00:56:42,483 --> 00:56:45,923 a totally private room, with nobody else present, 910 00:56:45,923 --> 00:56:49,963 just the Queen and any parents who were there. 911 00:56:49,963 --> 00:56:54,083 To my astonishment, there were some 20 parents, 912 00:56:54,083 --> 00:56:57,963 including one mother who was so prostrate with grief, 913 00:56:57,963 --> 00:56:59,643 she could not stand. 914 00:57:01,283 --> 00:57:05,163 I remember the Queen putting her handbag deliberately down 915 00:57:05,163 --> 00:57:07,723 and she physically braced herself 916 00:57:07,723 --> 00:57:10,043 before going into the room 917 00:57:10,043 --> 00:57:13,523 because she knew who was in there. 918 00:57:13,523 --> 00:57:16,523 She knew that somehow she was going to have to convey 919 00:57:16,523 --> 00:57:18,803 the sympathy of the nation 920 00:57:18,803 --> 00:57:22,163 and to react as a mother and grandmother. 921 00:57:25,683 --> 00:57:30,123 When terrorist bombs hit London in July 2005, 922 00:57:30,123 --> 00:57:34,083 the Queen expressed what is close to being her personal philosophy - 923 00:57:34,083 --> 00:57:36,603 keep calm and carry on... 924 00:57:36,603 --> 00:57:41,643 I want to express my admiration for the people of our capital city 925 00:57:41,643 --> 00:57:46,843 who, in the aftermath of yesterday's bombings, are calmly determined 926 00:57:46,843 --> 00:57:48,883 to resume their normal lives. 927 00:57:50,323 --> 00:57:53,283 That is the answer to this outrage. 928 00:57:53,283 --> 00:57:56,643 BIG BEN CHIMES 929 00:57:53,283 --> 00:57:56,643 ..making her presence felt 930 00:57:56,643 --> 00:57:59,763 in an uneasy city still alive to the threat. 931 00:58:01,043 --> 00:58:03,883 On the Saturday of that week, 932 00:58:03,883 --> 00:58:08,323 we had a huge parade on Horse Guards. 933 00:58:08,323 --> 00:58:13,003 As part of that parade, the Queen's programme, 934 00:58:13,003 --> 00:58:15,443 which was all set, all agreed, 935 00:58:15,443 --> 00:58:18,203 was that she would go down The Mall 936 00:58:18,203 --> 00:58:20,803 in an open-top Land Rover, 937 00:58:20,803 --> 00:58:26,163 and I remember vividly this immediate reaction 938 00:58:26,163 --> 00:58:31,003 as London was locked down, this question of, 939 00:58:31,003 --> 00:58:33,603 "Well, what on earth do we do about the parade?" 940 00:58:33,603 --> 00:58:38,723 and her instinctive view was the parade goes ahead. 941 00:58:40,243 --> 00:58:46,643 Life was going to go on and she was not going to be cowed by terrorism. 942 00:58:46,643 --> 00:58:49,403 BAND PLAYS 943 00:58:53,643 --> 00:58:57,963 Being seen is essential to the monarchy's survival. 944 00:58:57,963 --> 00:59:01,403 "I have to be seen to be believed," she once said, 945 00:59:01,403 --> 00:59:05,203 and it's been calculated that the Queen personally met 946 00:59:05,203 --> 00:59:07,483 more than three million people. 947 00:59:09,323 --> 00:59:12,443 In the 1970s, she invented the royal walkabout - 948 00:59:12,443 --> 00:59:15,203 a way of meeting as many people as possible - 949 00:59:15,203 --> 00:59:18,763 and it became a signature feature of her reign. 950 00:59:20,323 --> 00:59:23,563 She opened up the doors of the occupied palaces 951 00:59:23,563 --> 00:59:24,963 to paying visitors 952 00:59:24,963 --> 00:59:29,003 and she introduced theme days to promote British culture... 953 00:59:29,003 --> 00:59:31,603 Gosh. To be in Buckingham Palace! 954 00:59:31,603 --> 00:59:37,283 Never in my wildest dreams did I ever feel I would be here. 955 00:59:37,283 --> 00:59:39,803 I wish my wife was here to see it. 956 00:59:42,443 --> 00:59:45,763 ..but behind her public face was a side of her character 957 00:59:45,763 --> 00:59:47,603 known only to the few. 958 00:59:47,603 --> 00:59:49,363 Underneath everything, 959 00:59:49,363 --> 00:59:52,043 she was quite a shy person, 960 00:59:52,043 --> 00:59:56,403 without any sense of sort of ego, 961 00:59:56,403 --> 00:59:58,083 which is extraordinary, 962 00:59:58,083 --> 01:00:02,683 if you think of her life, if you think of her upbringing, 963 01:00:02,683 --> 01:00:04,923 if you think of her role. 964 01:00:08,923 --> 01:00:13,123 I would often see her entering a room, which would fall silent. 965 01:00:13,123 --> 01:00:17,043 People would, as a reaction, fall back, as it were, 966 01:00:17,043 --> 01:00:19,363 creating a space around her. 967 01:00:19,363 --> 01:00:23,403 I think she found that actually very difficult. 968 01:00:25,283 --> 01:00:28,923 Difficult or not, she did it all her life. 969 01:00:28,923 --> 01:00:32,723 Her reward was that the landmark occasions proved her popularity. 970 01:00:32,723 --> 01:00:35,523 For the Golden Jubilee in 2002, 971 01:00:35,523 --> 01:00:38,523 a poor turnout was predicted by the press, 972 01:00:38,523 --> 01:00:41,843 and yet people crowded into central London. 973 01:00:41,843 --> 01:00:43,363 CHEERING 974 01:00:43,363 --> 01:00:45,803 In fact, it was the largest gathering there 975 01:00:45,803 --> 01:00:48,283 since the end of the Second World War. 976 01:00:51,923 --> 01:00:55,403 The year saw her visit Jamaica, New Zealand, Australia, 977 01:00:55,403 --> 01:00:58,563 Canada and 70 British towns and cities, 978 01:00:58,563 --> 01:01:01,803 culminating in the Party at the Palace 979 01:01:01,803 --> 01:01:05,563 to mark the Queen's 50th year on the throne. 980 01:01:05,563 --> 01:01:08,723 MUSIC: National Anthem 981 01:01:08,723 --> 01:01:11,843 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 982 01:01:11,843 --> 01:01:15,363 The Queen was overwhelmed by the enormous outpouring 983 01:01:15,363 --> 01:01:18,643 of public goodwill, and she watched the crowds in The Mall 984 01:01:18,643 --> 01:01:22,203 utterly astonished by how many people had turned up. 985 01:01:23,843 --> 01:01:27,643 But 2002 was a year of mixed blessings, 986 01:01:27,643 --> 01:01:30,603 one that dealt her a double personal blow. 987 01:01:32,603 --> 01:01:36,323 In February, Princess Margaret died at the age of 71. 988 01:01:37,523 --> 01:01:41,003 The Queen's younger sister could hardly have been more different, 989 01:01:41,003 --> 01:01:44,443 known for her glamorous and extrovert nature - 990 01:01:44,443 --> 01:01:49,163 but throughout life, the two had been constant companions. 991 01:01:49,163 --> 01:01:53,043 I have been so touched by the kindness shown 992 01:01:53,043 --> 01:01:57,283 by so many of you over these recent months. 993 01:01:57,283 --> 01:02:01,843 At Easter, the Queen Mother died at the age of 101. 994 01:02:01,843 --> 01:02:05,123 Almost as much of a national character as the Queen herself, 995 01:02:05,123 --> 01:02:08,083 and certainly much more of a personality, 996 01:02:08,083 --> 01:02:11,403 with her cheerful reputation for extravagance 997 01:02:11,403 --> 01:02:14,763 and her wry, sometimes shocking sense of humour, 998 01:02:14,763 --> 01:02:19,083 she had long been a foil to her more serious-minded daughter. 999 01:02:20,883 --> 01:02:24,683 Do you know that I haven't watched from a pair of binoculars for ages. 1000 01:02:24,683 --> 01:02:27,883 Look at it. Pouring with tears. Oh, dear! 1001 01:02:27,883 --> 01:02:30,363 I always watch on the television. It's the emotion, perhaps. 1002 01:02:30,363 --> 01:02:32,163 No, no. I watch on the television. 1003 01:02:32,163 --> 01:02:34,603 No, Mummy. If you look into the wind like that. 1004 01:02:34,603 --> 01:02:36,083 It's like looking for deer. 1005 01:02:39,803 --> 01:02:42,923 After the deaths of the two women closest to her, 1006 01:02:42,923 --> 01:02:46,243 the Queen almost inevitably carried on working, 1007 01:02:46,243 --> 01:02:49,603 though with a renewed awareness of her place in life. 1008 01:02:50,843 --> 01:02:54,243 My grandmother, I'm sure, was a grand influence on my mama. 1009 01:02:55,603 --> 01:03:00,043 Whatever she felt, or whenever ill, whenever difficult or exhausted, 1010 01:03:00,043 --> 01:03:03,643 she always went out and did what was required, 1011 01:03:03,643 --> 01:03:06,803 and that does rub off, I think. 1012 01:03:06,803 --> 01:03:10,163 So, of course she was going to go on 1013 01:03:10,163 --> 01:03:13,203 because there's something... 1014 01:03:13,203 --> 01:03:17,003 ..you know, wider and greater that has to be... 1015 01:03:17,003 --> 01:03:18,603 ..has to be taken care of. 1016 01:03:21,803 --> 01:03:23,723 Her reach was far and wide. 1017 01:03:26,683 --> 01:03:30,123 She was the first British monarch to set foot in Russia 1018 01:03:30,123 --> 01:03:32,803 since the days of Tsar Nicholas II... 1019 01:03:35,283 --> 01:03:37,963 ..the first ever to visit China 1020 01:03:37,963 --> 01:03:41,203 and to officially receive a Pope on a state visit. 1021 01:03:44,283 --> 01:03:47,243 And in 2011, the Queen became the first British monarch 1022 01:03:47,243 --> 01:03:49,683 to set foot in the Republic of Ireland. 1023 01:03:49,683 --> 01:03:53,643 100 years earlier, her grandfather, King George V, visited 1024 01:03:53,643 --> 01:03:56,603 when this soil was unified with Britain - 1025 01:03:56,603 --> 01:03:59,643 but this was the Queen in green, 1026 01:03:59,643 --> 01:04:03,403 the Irish-speaking mistress of tact. 1027 01:04:12,043 --> 01:04:15,443 A Uachtarain 1028 01:04:15,443 --> 01:04:18,323 agus a chairde. 1029 01:04:18,323 --> 01:04:20,403 When the Queen stood up and made that speech, 1030 01:04:20,403 --> 01:04:23,963 the first words of which were in Gaelic, 1031 01:04:23,963 --> 01:04:27,643 it just melted the entire country 1032 01:04:27,643 --> 01:04:29,683 with huge affection for her. 1033 01:04:29,683 --> 01:04:34,003 APPLAUSE The fact that she was in Ireland, 1034 01:04:34,003 --> 01:04:39,003 in the Republic, and given such a great reception, 1035 01:04:39,003 --> 01:04:42,243 and there she was, the embodiment of everything 1036 01:04:42,243 --> 01:04:44,163 that going back half a century, 1037 01:04:44,163 --> 01:04:46,683 going back to the time when she first began to reign, 1038 01:04:46,683 --> 01:04:50,083 would have been thought of as impossible. 1039 01:04:50,083 --> 01:04:52,723 To all those who have suffered as a consequence 1040 01:04:52,723 --> 01:04:54,683 of our troubled past, 1041 01:04:54,683 --> 01:04:58,803 I extend my sincere thoughts and deep sympathy. 1042 01:04:58,803 --> 01:05:02,603 That whole visit and the dignity with which she did everything 1043 01:05:02,603 --> 01:05:05,203 and the visit to Croke Park and the war memorials 1044 01:05:05,203 --> 01:05:06,843 was immensely powerful. 1045 01:05:13,563 --> 01:05:17,803 Coming, you know, at the end of so many years and after so much hurt 1046 01:05:17,803 --> 01:05:22,723 and pain was a wonderfully healing, 1047 01:05:22,723 --> 01:05:27,843 reconciling moment, which I think... 1048 01:05:27,843 --> 01:05:32,603 ..had a profound effect and has made a fantastic difference. 1049 01:05:33,723 --> 01:05:37,243 Looking further afield, her most important international role 1050 01:05:37,243 --> 01:05:39,323 was clearly head of the Commonwealth, 1051 01:05:39,323 --> 01:05:43,323 embracing a third of the world's population. 1052 01:05:43,323 --> 01:05:48,243 Being head of the Commonwealth, she is head of a worldwide 1053 01:05:48,243 --> 01:05:52,483 multiracial organisation that brings people of different races, 1054 01:05:52,483 --> 01:05:57,203 religions, backgrounds, cultural dispositions together. 1055 01:05:57,203 --> 01:06:03,283 We have 2.4 billion people, 60% of whom are under the age of 30, 1056 01:06:03,283 --> 01:06:06,763 all of whom come from different economic backgrounds, 1057 01:06:06,763 --> 01:06:11,203 and because she's known so many of the leaders throughout 1058 01:06:11,203 --> 01:06:15,043 that period, she's brought wisdom and judgment 1059 01:06:15,043 --> 01:06:17,403 and a historical perspective 1060 01:06:17,403 --> 01:06:19,883 that I think no-one else has been able to give. 1061 01:06:21,003 --> 01:06:23,283 I think as a head of the Commonwealth, 1062 01:06:23,283 --> 01:06:25,603 she has given inspiration, 1063 01:06:25,603 --> 01:06:27,523 she has given encouragement.. 1064 01:06:27,523 --> 01:06:31,483 She came to my country, Port of Spain, when we hosted CHOGM in 2009. 1065 01:06:31,483 --> 01:06:33,123 She was in Port of Spain then, 1066 01:06:33,123 --> 01:06:35,643 and she's gone to any part of the Commonwealth. 1067 01:06:35,643 --> 01:06:36,763 Thank you very much. 1068 01:06:36,763 --> 01:06:40,443 The Queen will always be remembered as the person 1069 01:06:40,443 --> 01:06:44,083 who gave the continuity to the Commonwealth 1070 01:06:44,083 --> 01:06:46,443 through all of the decades 1071 01:06:46,443 --> 01:06:48,323 when she was the leader of it. 1072 01:06:48,323 --> 01:06:52,763 It's something which can never be replicated, I think, in history, 1073 01:06:52,763 --> 01:06:54,683 in any other organisation. 1074 01:06:55,843 --> 01:07:00,523 Where else have you got a person who's been meeting a 36-year-old 1075 01:07:00,523 --> 01:07:05,603 Prime Minister from Dominica, and the same person was sitting 1076 01:07:05,603 --> 01:07:10,123 alongside Nehru and Menzies and Churchill? 1077 01:07:10,123 --> 01:07:15,643 So, the combination of that longevity and wisdom 1078 01:07:15,643 --> 01:07:22,283 has meant that people have been able to ask her about tricky situations 1079 01:07:22,283 --> 01:07:25,323 because she's been through so many of them. 1080 01:07:26,523 --> 01:07:31,003 The last decades of the Queen's reign saw her as a revered mother, 1081 01:07:31,003 --> 01:07:33,883 grandmother and great-grandmother. 1082 01:07:35,483 --> 01:07:39,163 This was a period of gradual, careful modernisation. 1083 01:07:40,323 --> 01:07:45,563 One potential future problem for the monarchy melted away in 2005 1084 01:07:45,563 --> 01:07:48,523 when she gave her blessing for the wedding of Prince Charles 1085 01:07:48,523 --> 01:07:51,363 to the divorcee Camilla Parker Bowles. 1086 01:07:51,363 --> 01:07:53,643 CHEERING 1087 01:07:51,363 --> 01:07:53,643 REPORTER: Here he is, 1088 01:07:53,643 --> 01:07:55,363 His Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales, 1089 01:07:55,363 --> 01:07:58,443 and Her Royal Highness, the Duchess of Cornwall. 1090 01:08:00,083 --> 01:08:01,643 The years that followed 1091 01:08:01,643 --> 01:08:04,683 saw the newly titled Duke and Duchess of Cornwall 1092 01:08:04,683 --> 01:08:06,723 take on more of the engagements 1093 01:08:06,723 --> 01:08:09,243 traditionally associated with a now more elderly Queen, 1094 01:08:09,243 --> 01:08:12,563 including visits to many of the more distant countries 1095 01:08:12,563 --> 01:08:14,603 and shouldering more responsibility 1096 01:08:14,603 --> 01:08:16,363 at Commonwealth summits. 1097 01:08:17,683 --> 01:08:22,083 I've watched as my mama has carried out 1098 01:08:22,083 --> 01:08:24,763 all these Commonwealth duties for a long time. 1099 01:08:24,763 --> 01:08:27,763 It must be quite difficult for her not going. 1100 01:08:27,763 --> 01:08:31,123 I learnt a lot from it 1101 01:08:31,123 --> 01:08:33,843 and tried, I hope, to fulfil it in a way 1102 01:08:33,843 --> 01:08:37,123 that she might have been quite proud of, I don't know. 1103 01:08:38,323 --> 01:08:42,683 And the next generation continued to move centre stage. 1104 01:08:42,683 --> 01:08:44,883 THEY CHANT: We love William! We love Kate! 1105 01:08:44,883 --> 01:08:47,763 We love William! We love Kate! 1106 01:08:47,763 --> 01:08:49,963 When the Queen's grandson Prince William 1107 01:08:49,963 --> 01:08:51,603 married Catherine Middleton, 1108 01:08:51,603 --> 01:08:56,043 it was a spectacular example of modernity mixed with tradition. 1109 01:08:57,443 --> 01:09:00,443 Flags and foliage inside Westminster Abbey, 1110 01:09:00,443 --> 01:09:04,123 more than half a century on from the Queen's own wedding there. 1111 01:09:07,243 --> 01:09:10,923 By welcoming such an authentically modern middle-class recruit 1112 01:09:10,923 --> 01:09:14,523 in Catherine, the Queen continued the long-term strategy 1113 01:09:14,523 --> 01:09:17,003 of constantly restitching the monarchy 1114 01:09:17,003 --> 01:09:20,203 into the changing social fabric of the country. 1115 01:09:25,283 --> 01:09:26,603 Hip, hip! 1116 01:09:26,603 --> 01:09:27,643 ALL: Hooray! 1117 01:09:27,643 --> 01:09:28,683 Hip, hip! 1118 01:09:28,683 --> 01:09:30,363 ALL: Hooray! 1119 01:09:30,363 --> 01:09:31,403 Hip, hip! 1120 01:09:31,403 --> 01:09:33,403 ALL: Hooray! 1121 01:09:33,403 --> 01:09:36,803 In 2012, the Queen reached a historic milestone. 1122 01:09:38,963 --> 01:09:42,963 The only other British monarch to have reached 60 years on the throne 1123 01:09:42,963 --> 01:09:44,643 had been Queen Victoria. 1124 01:09:47,283 --> 01:09:49,483 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 1125 01:09:49,483 --> 01:09:50,723 Your Majesty... 1126 01:09:52,243 --> 01:09:55,563 ..Mummy... 1127 01:09:55,563 --> 01:10:00,123 ..this is our opportunity to thank you and my father 1128 01:10:00,123 --> 01:10:03,043 for always being there for us, 1129 01:10:03,043 --> 01:10:07,963 for inspiring us with your selfless duty and service, 1130 01:10:07,963 --> 01:10:11,723 and for making us proud to be British. 1131 01:10:11,723 --> 01:10:14,843 MUSIC: National Anthem 1132 01:10:21,283 --> 01:10:25,483 The Diamond Jubilee year also brought evidence of a sense of fun, 1133 01:10:25,483 --> 01:10:30,803 and buttoned lip, with the opening of the 2012 London Olympics. 1134 01:10:30,803 --> 01:10:35,963 During the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in London, 1135 01:10:35,963 --> 01:10:40,403 there was Daniel Craig as James Bond arriving at Buckingham Palace... 1136 01:10:41,963 --> 01:10:44,003 ..and everybody looking, going, 1137 01:10:44,003 --> 01:10:46,363 "Oh, so he IS going to Buckingham Palace. 1138 01:10:46,363 --> 01:10:48,843 "Who's he going...? Is he going to meet the Queen?" 1139 01:10:51,243 --> 01:10:54,123 And as it went further on, "He IS going to..." 1140 01:10:54,123 --> 01:10:56,203 Mr Bond, Your Majesty. 1141 01:10:56,203 --> 01:10:59,403 And everybody, wherever you were in the world, 1142 01:10:59,403 --> 01:11:01,443 was thinking exactly the same thought... 1143 01:11:04,283 --> 01:11:05,883 ..who will be playing the Queen? 1144 01:11:07,123 --> 01:11:08,643 HE CLEARS HIS THROAT 1145 01:11:10,723 --> 01:11:12,323 Good evening, Mr Bond. 1146 01:11:13,563 --> 01:11:15,603 Good evening, Your Majesty. 1147 01:11:15,603 --> 01:11:18,963 MUSIC: Music For The Royal Fireworks, La Rejouissance by Handel 1148 01:11:34,203 --> 01:11:35,643 CORGIS WHINE 1149 01:11:35,643 --> 01:11:40,443 And it had the same effect on everybody who was watching. 1150 01:11:40,443 --> 01:11:42,483 They just couldn't believe it. 1151 01:11:42,483 --> 01:11:44,803 MUSIC: James Bond Theme 1152 01:11:50,603 --> 01:11:54,723 The fact that my mother kept that completely to herself 1153 01:11:54,723 --> 01:11:57,683 and the team that were there and didn't tell anybody 1154 01:11:57,683 --> 01:11:59,243 was just brilliant. 1155 01:12:01,163 --> 01:12:03,963 REPORTER: Her Majesty the Queen in this Diamond Jubilee year 1156 01:12:03,963 --> 01:12:06,843 proving that she certainly has a sense of humour... 1157 01:12:08,003 --> 01:12:10,203 ..and preparing to open these Games 1158 01:12:10,203 --> 01:12:13,083 as her father, King George VI, did back in 1948, 1159 01:12:13,083 --> 01:12:16,763 and her great-grandfather, Edward VII, in 1908. 1160 01:12:19,123 --> 01:12:21,083 While upholding tradition, 1161 01:12:21,083 --> 01:12:23,003 she clearly wasn't constrained by it, 1162 01:12:23,003 --> 01:12:26,003 and was always willing to welcome change. 1163 01:12:26,003 --> 01:12:30,483 In 2018, there were smiles all round as the Queen's grandson 1164 01:12:30,483 --> 01:12:33,043 Prince Harry married Meghan Markle - 1165 01:12:33,043 --> 01:12:36,123 American, divorced and of mixed race. 1166 01:12:39,003 --> 01:12:40,723 Harry and Meghan's wedding, I think, 1167 01:12:40,723 --> 01:12:42,923 can be summed up as the ultimate fairy tale. 1168 01:12:42,923 --> 01:12:46,043 There was jubilation that a very popular prince 1169 01:12:46,043 --> 01:12:47,803 had finally found the one. 1170 01:12:48,963 --> 01:12:50,403 The sun was shining. 1171 01:12:50,403 --> 01:12:54,483 There was the glorious nature of the carriage ride down The Long Walk, 1172 01:12:54,483 --> 01:12:56,683 which was hugely iconic, 1173 01:12:56,683 --> 01:12:59,643 but also this idea of a new beginning. 1174 01:12:59,643 --> 01:13:01,563 This was the first mixed-race woman 1175 01:13:01,563 --> 01:13:03,683 to marry into the British royal family. 1176 01:13:03,683 --> 01:13:07,163 You know, they had hopes and ambitions and dreams 1177 01:13:07,163 --> 01:13:09,723 and people talked about how this brought the royal family 1178 01:13:09,723 --> 01:13:11,723 more into the 21st century. 1179 01:13:11,723 --> 01:13:14,243 It was definitely ground-breaking 1180 01:13:14,243 --> 01:13:17,203 and it was just a really, really joyous day. 1181 01:13:20,803 --> 01:13:24,363 Her own marriage gave the Queen great joy - 1182 01:13:24,363 --> 01:13:26,963 for 73 years married to Prince Philip, 1183 01:13:26,963 --> 01:13:28,563 the Duke of Edinburgh, 1184 01:13:28,563 --> 01:13:31,403 with most of her life defined by that union. 1185 01:13:33,883 --> 01:13:37,403 The Queen has said very often throughout her reign, 1186 01:13:37,403 --> 01:13:40,643 Prince Philip was an enormous part of her life 1187 01:13:40,643 --> 01:13:44,283 and an unbelievable part of the success of her reign. 1188 01:13:44,283 --> 01:13:46,323 He was her strength and stay. 1189 01:13:47,643 --> 01:13:50,043 I don't think that she could have possibly done the job 1190 01:13:50,043 --> 01:13:54,003 that she did for all those years 1191 01:13:54,003 --> 01:13:55,523 without him by her side. 1192 01:13:57,523 --> 01:14:00,403 Elizabeth II became queen in her 20s 1193 01:14:00,403 --> 01:14:04,563 and lived to become the longest-reigning British monarch. 1194 01:14:06,523 --> 01:14:10,483 She understood very well her unique situation. 1195 01:14:10,483 --> 01:14:14,443 She taught herself ways of handling herself in public, 1196 01:14:14,443 --> 01:14:16,963 and she stuck to them. 1197 01:14:16,963 --> 01:14:19,723 But who knew her thoughts? 1198 01:14:19,723 --> 01:14:24,523 A rare occasion when her private voice was heard was in Elizabeth R, 1199 01:14:24,523 --> 01:14:28,803 a BBC film marking her 40th year on the throne. 1200 01:14:28,803 --> 01:14:31,523 Most people have a job and then they go home. 1201 01:14:31,523 --> 01:14:35,923 In this existence, the job and the life go on together 1202 01:14:35,923 --> 01:14:38,763 because you can't really divide it up. 1203 01:14:40,763 --> 01:14:43,323 I mean, luckily, I'm a quick reader, 1204 01:14:43,323 --> 01:14:47,723 so I can get through a lot of reading in quite a short time. 1205 01:14:47,723 --> 01:14:54,363 Though I do rather begrudge some of the hours that I have to do 1206 01:14:54,363 --> 01:14:56,123 instead of being outdoors. 1207 01:14:58,923 --> 01:15:03,163 And in 2018, she shared her memories of wearing the crown 1208 01:15:03,163 --> 01:15:04,643 at the Coronation. 1209 01:15:05,803 --> 01:15:08,683 Heavy? Well, I think it's three pounds or something. 1210 01:15:11,163 --> 01:15:14,763 Quite heavy. Comfortable, ma'am? No. 1211 01:15:17,123 --> 01:15:19,723 Nothing like that is comfortable. 1212 01:15:21,723 --> 01:15:25,243 A little after that, she allowed herself to be filmed 1213 01:15:25,243 --> 01:15:27,763 strolling through the gardens of Buckingham Palace 1214 01:15:27,763 --> 01:15:29,323 with her fellow nonagenarian, 1215 01:15:29,323 --> 01:15:30,803 Sir David Attenborough. 1216 01:15:30,803 --> 01:15:34,643 All the countries of the Commonwealth... Have agreed. 1217 01:15:34,643 --> 01:15:39,483 ..to allocate parts of their native forests... Yeah. 1218 01:15:39,483 --> 01:15:43,563 ..for conservation. And it's called the Queen's Canopy. 1219 01:15:43,563 --> 01:15:46,323 Well, that'll be marvellous. 1220 01:15:46,323 --> 01:15:48,323 A wonderful legacy. 1221 01:15:50,403 --> 01:15:55,883 She did it so marvellously that it was a conversational exchange. 1222 01:15:55,883 --> 01:15:59,603 I was going to say, a sundial neatly planted in the shade. 1223 01:15:59,603 --> 01:16:01,283 Isn't it good? Yes. 1224 01:16:01,283 --> 01:16:03,683 HE LAUGHS 1225 01:16:03,683 --> 01:16:06,803 Amazed to hear myself saying 1226 01:16:06,803 --> 01:16:10,203 I thought the sundial was perhaps not well placed, 1227 01:16:10,203 --> 01:16:13,323 bearing in mind it was under the shade of a tree. 1228 01:16:13,323 --> 01:16:16,003 That's pretty cheeky, really. 1229 01:16:16,003 --> 01:16:18,403 But she laughed. 1230 01:16:18,403 --> 01:16:22,803 Had we thought of that, that it was planted in the shade? 1231 01:16:22,803 --> 01:16:26,523 It wasn't in the shade originally, I'm sure, but... 1232 01:16:26,523 --> 01:16:28,003 HE LAUGHS 1233 01:16:28,003 --> 01:16:29,683 ..maybe we could move it. 1234 01:16:31,403 --> 01:16:35,483 The final years were a masterclass in dedication to duty. 1235 01:16:35,483 --> 01:16:37,643 No matter what occurred, 1236 01:16:37,643 --> 01:16:42,763 the Queen maintained her diplomatic composure throughout public crisis 1237 01:16:42,763 --> 01:16:45,203 and difficulties closer to home. 1238 01:16:46,643 --> 01:16:49,763 Good evening. Prince Andrew, who's been engulfed in controversy, 1239 01:16:49,763 --> 01:16:53,283 has announced that he will not undertake any royal duties 1240 01:16:53,283 --> 01:16:55,123 for the foreseeable future. 1241 01:16:55,123 --> 01:16:58,763 In 2019, the Queen's second son, the Duke of York, 1242 01:16:58,763 --> 01:17:00,763 stepped back from public duties 1243 01:17:00,763 --> 01:17:03,843 over serious allegations about his private life, 1244 01:17:03,843 --> 01:17:06,163 which caused what he described as 1245 01:17:06,163 --> 01:17:08,843 "a major disruption to my family's work". 1246 01:17:10,043 --> 01:17:13,203 CHEERING 1247 01:17:10,043 --> 01:17:13,203 In January, 2020, 1248 01:17:13,203 --> 01:17:16,163 the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Harry and Meghan, 1249 01:17:16,163 --> 01:17:20,243 announced their sudden departure from life as senior royals 1250 01:17:20,243 --> 01:17:22,963 to forge a new future in North America. 1251 01:17:24,043 --> 01:17:26,483 REPORTER: They are going with the best wishes of the Queen. 1252 01:17:26,483 --> 01:17:29,003 In a statement from Buckingham Palace, she said... 1253 01:17:29,003 --> 01:17:32,323 "Harry, Meghan and Archie will always be much-loved members 1254 01:17:32,323 --> 01:17:34,083 "of my family." 1255 01:17:34,083 --> 01:17:37,963 She went on, "I recognise the challenges they have experienced 1256 01:17:37,963 --> 01:17:40,883 "as a result of intense scrutiny over the last two years 1257 01:17:40,883 --> 01:17:44,123 "and support their wish for a more independent life." 1258 01:17:48,923 --> 01:17:52,683 But the greatest challenge of 2020 - to the whole world - 1259 01:17:52,683 --> 01:17:55,563 came with the deadly coronavirus pandemic... 1260 01:17:56,883 --> 01:17:59,603 ..which forced populations into lockdown. 1261 01:18:01,283 --> 01:18:05,123 The Queen herself was placed into quarantine at Windsor Castle 1262 01:18:05,123 --> 01:18:07,883 from where she addressed a fearful nation. 1263 01:18:07,883 --> 01:18:13,963 I'm speaking to you at what I know is an increasingly challenging time, 1264 01:18:13,963 --> 01:18:17,723 a time of disruption in the life of our country, 1265 01:18:17,723 --> 01:18:20,843 a disruption that has brought grief to some, 1266 01:18:20,843 --> 01:18:23,723 financial difficulties to many, 1267 01:18:23,723 --> 01:18:27,963 and enormous changes to the daily lives of us all. 1268 01:18:27,963 --> 01:18:30,563 BORIS JOHNSON: When there were difficult times, 1269 01:18:30,563 --> 01:18:32,443 she was incredibly important 1270 01:18:32,443 --> 01:18:37,083 and perhaps never more so in recent times than during Covid. 1271 01:18:37,083 --> 01:18:41,843 She was able to reach people in a way that no politician 1272 01:18:41,843 --> 01:18:44,083 could have hoped to do. 1273 01:18:44,083 --> 01:18:49,003 A lot of the bringing of the nation together was through her. 1274 01:18:49,003 --> 01:18:53,803 We should take comfort that while we may have more still to endure, 1275 01:18:53,803 --> 01:18:56,363 better days will return. 1276 01:18:56,363 --> 01:18:59,083 We will be with our friends again. 1277 01:18:59,083 --> 01:19:01,883 We will be with our families again. 1278 01:19:01,883 --> 01:19:03,563 We will meet again. 1279 01:19:03,563 --> 01:19:07,603 # We'll meet again... # 1280 01:19:07,603 --> 01:19:11,363 It was a rallying call invoking the wartime spirit... 1281 01:19:11,363 --> 01:19:13,483 # Don't know when... # 1282 01:19:13,483 --> 01:19:17,163 ..and just weeks later, with all public events cancelled, 1283 01:19:17,163 --> 01:19:20,763 the Queen marked the 75th anniversary of Victory in Europe 1284 01:19:20,763 --> 01:19:25,083 with another address drawing parallels between the two events. 1285 01:19:25,083 --> 01:19:27,443 BELL CHIMES 1286 01:19:29,643 --> 01:19:33,643 I speak to you today at the same hour as my father did 1287 01:19:33,643 --> 01:19:37,243 exactly 75 years ago. 1288 01:19:37,243 --> 01:19:41,843 His message then was a salute to the men and women at home and abroad 1289 01:19:41,843 --> 01:19:44,083 who had sacrificed so much 1290 01:19:44,083 --> 01:19:48,123 in pursuit of what he rightly called a great deliverance. 1291 01:19:50,163 --> 01:19:52,883 The war had been a total war. 1292 01:19:52,883 --> 01:19:57,483 It had affected everyone and no-one was immune from its impact. 1293 01:19:58,883 --> 01:20:01,123 Never give up, never despair - 1294 01:20:01,123 --> 01:20:03,603 that was the message of VE Day. 1295 01:20:03,603 --> 01:20:06,163 "Never give up, never despair" 1296 01:20:06,163 --> 01:20:10,043 could be described as a theme of the Queen's reign. 1297 01:20:10,043 --> 01:20:14,003 In June 2020, her official birthday ceremony, Trooping the Colour, 1298 01:20:14,003 --> 01:20:19,363 saw a pared down, socially-distanced affair in Windsor, not in London. 1299 01:20:19,363 --> 01:20:21,963 Right...turn! 1300 01:20:25,643 --> 01:20:28,363 Coping with relentless imposed changes 1301 01:20:28,363 --> 01:20:31,603 while keeping the spirit of tradition visible - 1302 01:20:31,603 --> 01:20:33,683 that was the Queen's task 1303 01:20:33,683 --> 01:20:37,403 through 70 years of shifts in society and technology... 1304 01:20:40,363 --> 01:20:43,963 ..something she reflected upon annually at Christmas. 1305 01:20:45,283 --> 01:20:47,323 Today is another landmark 1306 01:20:47,323 --> 01:20:50,403 because television has made it possible 1307 01:20:50,403 --> 01:20:54,203 for many of you to see me in your homes on Christmas Day. 1308 01:20:54,203 --> 01:20:59,163 These techniques of radio and television are modern, 1309 01:20:59,163 --> 01:21:01,443 but the Christmas message is timeless. 1310 01:21:01,443 --> 01:21:02,963 We need reminding of it... 1311 01:21:02,963 --> 01:21:06,323 This was the Queen on matters closest to her heart - 1312 01:21:06,323 --> 01:21:09,963 the Commonwealth, the military, religion and family. 1313 01:21:11,123 --> 01:21:16,083 Of course, for many, this time of year will be tinged with sadness, 1314 01:21:16,083 --> 01:21:20,123 some mourning the loss of those dear to them 1315 01:21:20,123 --> 01:21:25,043 and others missing friends and family members distanced for safety, 1316 01:21:25,043 --> 01:21:28,283 when all they really want for Christmas is a simple hug 1317 01:21:28,283 --> 01:21:30,283 or a squeeze of the hand. 1318 01:21:30,283 --> 01:21:35,603 And shortly afterwards, the Queen would experience her own loss. 1319 01:21:35,603 --> 01:21:39,083 In February, the Duke of Edinburgh was hospitalised, 1320 01:21:39,083 --> 01:21:42,883 not because of Covid, but for longer-term issues. 1321 01:21:45,443 --> 01:21:50,843 After a month, he returned home for what became his final weeks. 1322 01:21:53,323 --> 01:21:58,643 He died peacefully at Windsor on April 9th 2021, 1323 01:21:58,643 --> 01:22:00,803 aged 99. 1324 01:22:04,563 --> 01:22:08,003 The ceremonial royal funeral at Windsor Castle 1325 01:22:08,003 --> 01:22:11,643 was modified due to government restrictions. 1326 01:22:11,643 --> 01:22:16,043 Present...arms! 1327 01:22:17,683 --> 01:22:22,403 Nonetheless, it had military at its heart, as the Duke had wanted. 1328 01:22:25,043 --> 01:22:28,523 It was as unique a farewell as the man himself. 1329 01:22:29,883 --> 01:22:33,043 Forward...march! 1330 01:22:36,203 --> 01:22:38,483 BAND PLAYS AND BELL TOLLS 1331 01:22:39,683 --> 01:22:41,923 Despite the pomp and ceremony, 1332 01:22:41,923 --> 01:22:44,563 only 30 people were allowed to attend 1333 01:22:44,563 --> 01:22:45,923 the service itself... 1334 01:22:48,443 --> 01:22:50,803 ..all of them socially distanced... 1335 01:22:52,243 --> 01:22:57,243 ..leaving the enduring image of the masked monarch alone, 1336 01:22:57,243 --> 01:22:59,203 grieving the death of her husband. 1337 01:23:01,403 --> 01:23:04,443 For the first time since coming to the throne, 1338 01:23:04,443 --> 01:23:07,883 the Queen would reign without her consort... 1339 01:23:09,843 --> 01:23:12,923 ..and after a period of official mourning, 1340 01:23:12,923 --> 01:23:15,723 she was straight back to work. 1341 01:23:15,723 --> 01:23:18,203 FANFARE 1342 01:23:19,683 --> 01:23:21,883 My Lords, pray, be seated. 1343 01:23:23,603 --> 01:23:26,363 The Queen continued to lead the nation, 1344 01:23:26,363 --> 01:23:29,163 I think we would all now say, 1345 01:23:29,163 --> 01:23:34,923 with an affection and respect for her 1346 01:23:34,923 --> 01:23:36,923 that grew and developed. 1347 01:23:36,923 --> 01:23:38,603 She didn't get left behind. 1348 01:23:38,603 --> 01:23:42,923 As the world endured a second year of pandemic, 1349 01:23:42,923 --> 01:23:46,603 the Queen carried on fulfilling engagements... 1350 01:23:46,603 --> 01:23:48,923 ..although not always in person. 1351 01:23:50,643 --> 01:23:52,003 Good morning, Your Majesty. 1352 01:23:52,003 --> 01:23:53,123 Your Majesty. 1353 01:23:53,123 --> 01:23:54,283 Good evening. 1354 01:23:54,283 --> 01:23:55,643 Ah! There you are. 1355 01:23:55,643 --> 01:23:59,723 It's a great honour for the Armed Forces that you've taken the time 1356 01:23:59,723 --> 01:24:03,083 to meet some of our people serving around the world. 1357 01:24:03,083 --> 01:24:06,843 She was able to still do and still have conversations 1358 01:24:06,843 --> 01:24:10,443 that she would have had if she had been physically visiting places... 1359 01:24:10,443 --> 01:24:13,203 I'm currently in Curacao at the moment, ma'am. 1360 01:24:13,203 --> 01:24:16,563 We've gone past Montserrat, the British Virgin Islands, 1361 01:24:16,563 --> 01:24:20,243 and it's been absolutely incredible seeing all these different places. 1362 01:24:20,243 --> 01:24:23,603 Well, I'm very glad to have been able to meet all of you, 1363 01:24:23,603 --> 01:24:25,883 and the best of luck. 1364 01:24:25,883 --> 01:24:28,363 ..and I think that was really important to people 1365 01:24:28,363 --> 01:24:30,123 that she was still there for them. 1366 01:24:30,123 --> 01:24:31,683 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 1367 01:24:31,683 --> 01:24:34,963 The Queen's enthusiastic connection with the people 1368 01:24:34,963 --> 01:24:37,803 was clearer than ever at her Platinum Jubilee. 1369 01:24:39,923 --> 01:24:42,243 As she appeared on the Buckingham Palace balcony, 1370 01:24:42,243 --> 01:24:46,723 it was the climax of a spectacular four-day summer celebration. 1371 01:24:48,443 --> 01:24:52,163 This was quite a feat, unmatched by any other British monarch - 1372 01:24:52,163 --> 01:24:53,923 70 uninterrupted years. 1373 01:24:58,203 --> 01:25:01,963 Her decline in health meant the Queen was largely absent 1374 01:25:01,963 --> 01:25:06,363 from Jubilee events, so it was her family who took centre stage. 1375 01:25:07,883 --> 01:25:12,203 Never the slightest doubt, however, who remained the central focus... 1376 01:25:12,203 --> 01:25:13,963 CHEERING 1377 01:25:13,963 --> 01:25:17,883 ..and the 96-year-old had lost none of her sense of humour 1378 01:25:17,883 --> 01:25:19,963 or capacity to surprise. 1379 01:25:22,403 --> 01:25:24,243 Perhaps... 1380 01:25:24,243 --> 01:25:26,803 ..you would like a marmalade sandwich? 1381 01:25:26,803 --> 01:25:29,203 I always keep one for emergencies. 1382 01:25:29,203 --> 01:25:30,563 So do I. 1383 01:25:32,363 --> 01:25:34,363 I keep mine in here... 1384 01:25:35,523 --> 01:25:36,723 Oh! 1385 01:25:37,923 --> 01:25:39,003 ..for later. 1386 01:25:40,203 --> 01:25:42,443 Summing up the remarkable mood, 1387 01:25:42,443 --> 01:25:45,603 her son Charles made a warm personal tribute. 1388 01:25:47,883 --> 01:25:51,243 Now, ladies and gentlemen, I know the Queen is watching 1389 01:25:51,243 --> 01:25:54,843 these celebrations with much emotion, 1390 01:25:54,843 --> 01:25:58,563 having, I hope, finished her marmalade sandwich... 1391 01:25:58,563 --> 01:26:00,763 LAUGHTER 1392 01:26:00,763 --> 01:26:03,203 ..including immense regret 1393 01:26:03,203 --> 01:26:07,563 that she cannot be here in person with us this evening. 1394 01:26:07,563 --> 01:26:13,163 But Windsor Castle is barely 20 miles away, 1395 01:26:13,163 --> 01:26:19,923 so if we cheer loudly enough, she might - might - just hear us. 1396 01:26:19,923 --> 01:26:24,403 So, let's all join together... CHEERING 1397 01:26:24,403 --> 01:26:27,683 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 1398 01:26:39,563 --> 01:26:41,203 As an individual, 1399 01:26:41,203 --> 01:26:43,603 she wrote her own job description. 1400 01:26:45,603 --> 01:26:47,283 As Queen Elizabeth II, 1401 01:26:47,283 --> 01:26:50,843 she held the survival of the monarchy in her hands. 1402 01:26:54,563 --> 01:26:57,923 In a world which has changed beyond recognition... 1403 01:27:00,243 --> 01:27:01,723 ..she was always there. 1404 01:27:06,523 --> 01:27:08,843 The Queen is dead. 1405 01:27:13,523 --> 01:27:17,443 But in the most direct way, she lives on. 1406 01:27:17,443 --> 01:27:20,083 She leaves her children, 1407 01:27:20,083 --> 01:27:21,883 grandchildren, 1408 01:27:21,883 --> 01:27:23,803 great-grandchildren. 1409 01:27:25,603 --> 01:27:28,363 And this is a less remote royal family... 1410 01:27:30,243 --> 01:27:32,683 ..who now face the journey without her... 1411 01:27:34,003 --> 01:27:35,443 ..into unknown waters. 1412 01:27:37,763 --> 01:27:41,363 And the future of the House of Windsor lies in their hands 1413 01:27:41,363 --> 01:27:42,803 and their judgments... 1414 01:27:45,563 --> 01:27:48,283 ..and, of course, in ours too. 1415 01:27:54,883 --> 01:27:58,323 In the end, the Queen's strength as a constitutional monarch 1416 01:27:58,323 --> 01:28:02,163 was fundamentally strength of character. 1417 01:28:02,163 --> 01:28:07,443 In an age of self-gratification, she never forgot her duty. 1418 01:28:15,643 --> 01:28:18,483 She didn't take herself too seriously, 1419 01:28:18,483 --> 01:28:22,683 but she took her role very seriously indeed. 1420 01:28:22,683 --> 01:28:25,963 She wasn't like anyone else, 1421 01:28:25,963 --> 01:28:27,763 and she knew it - 1422 01:28:27,763 --> 01:28:29,603 we knew it - 1423 01:28:29,603 --> 01:28:33,443 and there will never be anyone else like her again. 1424 01:28:38,283 --> 01:28:41,483 If we said "the Queen", everyone knew we were talking 1425 01:28:41,483 --> 01:28:45,203 about Queen Elizabeth II, 1426 01:28:45,203 --> 01:28:48,883 and I think she'll always be the Queen, 1427 01:28:48,883 --> 01:28:53,563 the best, I think, that this world has to offer. 1428 01:28:53,563 --> 01:28:58,243 She had this kind of talismanic, 1429 01:28:58,243 --> 01:29:01,283 magnetic ability to make people 1430 01:29:01,283 --> 01:29:03,043 feel better about themselves 1431 01:29:03,043 --> 01:29:09,043 and people came away from being with her... 1432 01:29:09,043 --> 01:29:11,043 ..chuffed to bits. 1433 01:29:11,043 --> 01:29:14,123 I think she genuinely was also 1434 01:29:14,123 --> 01:29:18,803 an immensely happy and positive person 1435 01:29:18,803 --> 01:29:22,123 and that communicated itself to everyone. 1436 01:29:25,403 --> 01:29:31,683 In her time as Queen, we moved from imperial decline 1437 01:29:31,683 --> 01:29:34,403 and leaving empire... 1438 01:29:36,123 --> 01:29:40,523 ..to the kind of country we are now - 1439 01:29:40,523 --> 01:29:43,363 and the Queen has led through that. 1440 01:29:43,363 --> 01:29:48,443 That is an often unmentioned but extraordinary, 1441 01:29:48,443 --> 01:29:50,763 remarkable achievement. 1442 01:29:54,043 --> 01:29:56,363 I think it was her sense of duty. 1443 01:29:56,363 --> 01:30:00,003 It's something that money couldn't buy. 1444 01:30:00,003 --> 01:30:02,883 It's either within you or it's not, 1445 01:30:02,883 --> 01:30:05,483 and it's something that she had in spades. 1446 01:30:07,003 --> 01:30:10,403 I think it was instilled in her by her parents, 1447 01:30:10,403 --> 01:30:13,123 and it's something that she continued. 1448 01:30:16,043 --> 01:30:18,163 I don't think that she ever... 1449 01:30:19,523 --> 01:30:20,923 ..stopped learning. 1450 01:30:22,563 --> 01:30:25,523 Huge experience after that length of time. 1451 01:30:30,563 --> 01:30:33,643 She had this...this... 1452 01:30:33,643 --> 01:30:36,803 ..innate ability to be able to come up with the right four words 1453 01:30:36,803 --> 01:30:39,323 and to be able to be in the right place at the right time. 1454 01:30:40,923 --> 01:30:45,043 The expression "mother" takes in so many aspects of your life 1455 01:30:45,043 --> 01:30:46,763 and your experience. 1456 01:30:48,683 --> 01:30:52,243 Which part of that is most important I'm not quite sure - 1457 01:30:52,243 --> 01:30:54,083 but the very fact that she was your mother 1458 01:30:54,083 --> 01:30:56,043 and she was there all the time... 1459 01:30:57,963 --> 01:30:59,283 ..you miss that. 1460 01:31:01,243 --> 01:31:03,443 She was always there, 1461 01:31:03,443 --> 01:31:06,363 representing this country... 1462 01:31:08,323 --> 01:31:12,243 ..and indeed many other countries in the Commonwealth or the realms. 1463 01:31:13,323 --> 01:31:16,403 You know, I'd go and talk to her about this, that or the other, 1464 01:31:16,403 --> 01:31:24,123 and that's always been something, I think, that's... 1465 01:31:24,123 --> 01:31:28,363 Well, it'd be very difficult not to have, if you know what I mean. 1466 01:31:33,883 --> 01:31:37,243 All that she could do, she has now done. 1467 01:31:37,243 --> 01:31:41,443 A constant presence in all of our lives has gone 1468 01:31:41,443 --> 01:31:46,043 and Britain becomes a different place without her. 1469 01:32:04,403 --> 01:32:09,683 I would like to read you a few lines from Pilgrim's Progress 1470 01:32:09,683 --> 01:32:13,803 because I'm sure we can say with Mr Valiant-For-Truth, 1471 01:32:13,803 --> 01:32:16,243 these words. 1472 01:32:16,243 --> 01:32:20,243 "Though with great difficulty I am got hither, 1473 01:32:20,243 --> 01:32:25,323 "yet now I do not repent me of all the trouble I have been at 1474 01:32:25,323 --> 01:32:28,483 "to arrive where I am. 1475 01:32:28,483 --> 01:32:31,483 "My sword I give to him that shall succeed me 1476 01:32:31,483 --> 01:32:33,363 "in my pilgrimage, 1477 01:32:33,363 --> 01:32:36,483 "and my courage and skill to him that can get it. 1478 01:32:38,083 --> 01:32:41,123 "My marks and scars I carry with me, 1479 01:32:41,123 --> 01:32:43,363 "to be a witness for me 1480 01:32:43,363 --> 01:32:45,763 "that I have fought His battles, 1481 01:32:45,763 --> 01:32:48,043 "who now will be my rewarder."