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Every year
for just a few short months…
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00:00:19,240 --> 00:00:23,160
…fresh water flows
into the Okavango Delta…
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00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:29,280
creating the perfect home…
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00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:33,480
for a small family of elephants…
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00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:42,280
and a playground
for their two young calves…
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00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:45,600
Bosigo…
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…and her baby cousin, Metsi.
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00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:03,680
Bosigo and Metsi
are only just beginning
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their love affair with water.
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00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:10,320
But from now on,
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00:01:11,200 --> 00:01:13,720
their lives will be defined by it.
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This one precious molecule…
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00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:22,720
…delivered to Earth…
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00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:29,640
…by the astonishing forces
at work in our universe.
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It has transformed this planet…
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…into a haven…
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…for life.
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Summer has arrived.
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And what was paradise is no more.
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The fresh water that flooded the delta…
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only stays for a few months.
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And water holes are now vanishing.
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Fast.
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This means only one thing
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00:03:00,400 --> 00:03:03,640
for the thousands of elephants
who've been living here.
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It's time to move on.
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This has been the only home
Metsi and Bosigo have ever known.
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00:03:28,720 --> 00:03:32,200
But in a few weeks,
all the water will be gone.
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So they must leave the delta
with the rest of their family.
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A herd of females,
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sisters, aunts, and cousins,
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led by their grandmother,
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the great matriarch, Pula.
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They're embarking on a journey
along with thousands of other families…
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00:04:05,160 --> 00:04:06,400
out into the desert…
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00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:11,600
in search of water.
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00:04:18,840 --> 00:04:20,480
For the next eight months,
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00:04:20,560 --> 00:04:24,840
they will migrate
from water hole to water hole…
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00:04:27,320 --> 00:04:30,160
and navigate ancient elephant trails…
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…using the matriarch Pula's knowledge,
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00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:37,640
handed down to her through generations.
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The trek will put all their lives at risk.
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And they'll need
every one of their exceptional senses…
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-…to endure the dangers.
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Making this journey is not a choice.
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00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:07,080
Without water, they will die.
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00:05:11,320 --> 00:05:13,880
Even on our blue planet,
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fresh liquid water is scarce.
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00:05:20,160 --> 00:05:23,400
And if we search beyond the shores
of our own planet…
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it's rarer still.
51
00:05:30,320 --> 00:05:32,880
Even the most arid desert on Earth
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00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:38,240
is nothing compared
to the rest of our solar system.
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00:05:41,560 --> 00:05:44,080
In the cold outer reaches…
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…the only surface water is ice.
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00:05:56,880 --> 00:05:59,320
Like Saturn's frozen moons…
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where fountains of ice
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00:06:04,880 --> 00:06:07,400
shoot kilometers into space.
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00:06:14,520 --> 00:06:17,800
Closer to the Sun on Mars,
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00:06:18,720 --> 00:06:21,840
water is stripped away
by savage solar winds.
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00:06:32,640 --> 00:06:34,240
And on Venus,
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it simply boils away.
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00:06:45,560 --> 00:06:48,320
There's only one world we know of
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that has the gift
of liquid water on its surface.
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A pale blue dot.
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Our home…
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where right now,
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water is driving one particular family
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00:07:14,800 --> 00:07:16,840
on a quest for survival.
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00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:26,840
Just a month after leaving the delta,
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00:07:27,920 --> 00:07:30,720
only a scattering of muddy pools remain.
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00:07:34,840 --> 00:07:40,120
And they're getting fewer
and farther apart each day.
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Pula is using her highly tuned memory
to lead her family to a water hole.
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She can remember the exact route,
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even decades later.
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It's been a long day's march,
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and all of them are desperate for a drink.
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But so are the other 130,000 elephants
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00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:19,600
that live in Botswana.
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00:08:31,280 --> 00:08:34,800
The dry season has drawn herds
from far and wide…
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…to this water hole.
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All competing
for the same shrinking resource.
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The adults teach the young ones
clever survival tricks,
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00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:23,920
like how to skim a muddy pool
to get the freshest water.
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And how to use some muddy water
as refreshing sunscreen.
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Their wrinkly skin is perfect
for trapping water and keeping cool.
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But Metsi and Bosigo are also learning…
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00:09:56,120 --> 00:09:58,440
mud pools aren't just a place to drink.
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They're water parks too.
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With so many thirsty elephants,
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00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:19,720
the water hole has been drained.
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Pula's family must press on…
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00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:37,600
and try to make it to the next water hole
before the blazing sun sucks it dry.
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This battle between sun and scorched earth
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00:10:44,160 --> 00:10:47,280
has raged ever since our world was born…
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when our blue planet
was anything but blue.
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00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:06,840
Four and a half billion years ago…
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00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:15,160
Earth was in its infancy.
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00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:18,920
A fireball of molten rock…
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00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:27,360
…destined to become a dry, barren world.
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But millions of kilometers
out in the coldest reaches
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00:11:34,640 --> 00:11:35,880
of the solar system…
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water crystals were forming
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on the surface of dust particles.
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00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:59,760
Over time, these grains
of dust clumped together into asteroids.
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Millions and millions of them.
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And these became the asteroid belt.
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A vast expanse of icy rocks.
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Yet they've laid tantalizingly out
of Earth's reach.
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As luck would have it, however,
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a giant was on the move.
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Young Jupiter.
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A monster of a planet.
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Forces within
the turbulent inner solar system
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were slowly pulling it in toward the Sun.
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A flight path that brought it
into a collision course
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with the asteroid belt.
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As it thundered through the asteroids…
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…its massive gravitational force
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flung rocks in every direction.
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And yet,
from all this chaos and destruction
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came the ultimate cosmic gift.
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Icy, water-rich rocks
were hurled towards the Earth…
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…bringing the promise of life
one step closer.
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Over billions of years,
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00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:21,480
asteroids were woven
into the fabric of Earth as it formed.
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Caught in the turmoil wrought by Jupiter…
127
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…driven deep into the Earth by asteroids,
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00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:39,800
water molecules did not have
an easy journey getting here.
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And they still had a long way to go,
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00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:49,320
imprisoned for millions of years,
131
00:14:50,200 --> 00:14:52,640
locked within Earth's molten core…
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waiting for another miracle…
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to set them free.
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00:15:12,040 --> 00:15:15,960
Today, much of Earth's water
is still trapped underground.
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So elephants have evolved special skills
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to find it.
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Even the muddy pools are empty.
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This dry season
has become a full-on drought.
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00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:51,880
But Pula has a superpower.
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Her incredible trunk,
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00:15:57,240 --> 00:15:59,880
packed with millions of sense receptors…
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can smell water from kilometers away…
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and pinpoint its sources deep underground.
144
00:16:23,720 --> 00:16:25,080
But you have to dig for it.
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00:16:33,880 --> 00:16:35,640
Metsi isn't a big digger.
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But Bosigo is a natural.
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And Metsi is offered a seat at the bar.
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00:17:00,360 --> 00:17:02,640
These few sips won't last them long.
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00:17:07,280 --> 00:17:09,880
But if water
had stayed trapped in the Earth,
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there would be none to drink.
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There would be no elephants.
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No life at all.
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After water
was delivered here by asteroids
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and consumed by the Earth…
155
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it was locked into the rock as crystals
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deep inside the planet.
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It stayed buried for millions of years,
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00:18:01,160 --> 00:18:04,360
beneath a vast sea of magma.
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00:18:12,920 --> 00:18:17,880
Until slowly but surely, Earth cooled.
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00:18:21,360 --> 00:18:25,880
And its surface hardened to a thick crust.
161
00:18:29,680 --> 00:18:34,240
Then, finally,
the boiling interior broke through.
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Enormous volcanoes
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00:18:47,080 --> 00:18:50,880
blasted gas and vapor
kilometers into the sky.
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00:18:58,720 --> 00:19:01,520
At last, water molecules…
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00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:04,200
…were set free…
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…and formed the first clouds.
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00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:21,080
Growing and building
for millions of years,
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00:19:21,600 --> 00:19:23,400
becoming laden with water…
169
00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:31,120
…until the temperature
dropped just enough…
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…for the very first raindrop…
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…to form and fall.
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00:20:08,800 --> 00:20:11,000
What followed was a deluge…
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00:20:16,240 --> 00:20:18,640
that lasted thousands of years.
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00:20:30,040 --> 00:20:32,080
Puddles turned into rivers.
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00:20:41,520 --> 00:20:42,720
Lakes…
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00:20:44,400 --> 00:20:45,760
…became seas.
177
00:20:53,480 --> 00:20:57,560
And great oceans flooded Earth's surface.
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00:21:15,920 --> 00:21:20,120
And here, water gave rise
to something magical.
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The first life.
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00:21:31,080 --> 00:21:33,680
From these first cells
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00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:38,040
sprang every living thing.
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Water is the fundamental ingredient
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00:21:44,040 --> 00:21:48,000
of every cell of every creature on Earth.
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00:21:57,360 --> 00:21:58,440
And today…
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00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:06,400
the herd still carries
this ancient water within them.
186
00:22:18,040 --> 00:22:20,240
It transports nutrients and oxygen.
187
00:22:30,200 --> 00:22:32,000
It powers every heartbeat.
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00:22:38,920 --> 00:22:41,160
And drives every breath.
189
00:22:46,640 --> 00:22:49,240
Life evolved because of water,
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00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:54,960
which is why no life
can survive without it.
191
00:23:01,920 --> 00:23:05,480
In Botswana,
the drought is only getting worse.
192
00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:13,880
The elephants' world is on fire.
193
00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:25,520
The herd manages
to escape the burning forest…
194
00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:31,320
but walks straight into a new threat.
195
00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:40,360
In this drought, everyone is suffering…
196
00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:46,160
…from thirst and hunger.
197
00:23:52,600 --> 00:23:56,960
And for lions,
baby elephants would satisfy both.
198
00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:17,320
The adults rally around Metsi and Bosigo.
199
00:24:24,720 --> 00:24:26,960
It's enough to keep the threat at bay.
200
00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:32,880
But lions are patient creatures.
201
00:24:36,880 --> 00:24:40,400
And the herd still has to cross
an unforgiving wasteland…
202
00:24:42,600 --> 00:24:44,280
before the next water hole.
203
00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:50,680
They need a lifeline.
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00:24:53,760 --> 00:24:56,040
And the Earth provides it
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00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:00,120
in the most unexpected of places.
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00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:08,000
The acacia tree is a beacon of hope.
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00:25:13,880 --> 00:25:16,800
And a haven for creatures of all kinds.
208
00:25:24,880 --> 00:25:28,320
Its long roots reach
much deeper underground
209
00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:30,400
than an elephant could ever dig…
210
00:25:41,240 --> 00:25:43,360
…drawing water up to its branches…
211
00:25:47,360 --> 00:25:48,520
and leaves.
212
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:04,480
It's just enough water to keep them going.
213
00:26:08,280 --> 00:26:10,840
Especially vital for Metsi's mother,
214
00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:14,320
still nursing her baby.
215
00:26:18,320 --> 00:26:21,800
But this is so much more
than just a local oasis.
216
00:26:25,360 --> 00:26:28,480
It's the vital link
in water's eternal cycle.
217
00:26:32,720 --> 00:26:36,800
The acacia tree connects ground and sky…
218
00:26:43,600 --> 00:26:46,080
…breathing oxygen and vapor into the air.
219
00:26:55,000 --> 00:26:56,480
Feeding clouds
220
00:26:56,560 --> 00:26:59,320
and powering water's journey
around the planet.
221
00:27:07,400 --> 00:27:08,880
Ever since rain
222
00:27:10,120 --> 00:27:12,400
fed the first green shoots…
223
00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:18,840
and gave life to the first tree…
224
00:27:24,120 --> 00:27:27,720
…plants have made our planet habitable…
225
00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:37,680
…bringing a once barren ball of rock
226
00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:40,280
to life.
227
00:27:45,880 --> 00:27:48,760
But the gifts our universe bestows
228
00:27:50,320 --> 00:27:52,760
can also be taken away.
229
00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:02,760
A long time ago,
230
00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:05,680
there was another planet
231
00:28:06,680 --> 00:28:09,480
whose surface was covered in liquid water.
232
00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:20,600
A water world just like ours.
233
00:28:25,720 --> 00:28:28,440
The same forces
that delivered water to Earth
234
00:28:29,440 --> 00:28:32,000
also gave it to Mars.
235
00:28:35,200 --> 00:28:37,440
With an atmosphere in place,
236
00:28:37,520 --> 00:28:38,640
clouds formed,
237
00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:41,480
rain fell,
238
00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:44,440
rivers flowed.
239
00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:52,160
And an ocean surged across its surface.
240
00:28:57,240 --> 00:28:59,520
It was a world of possibility.
241
00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:02,320
It had the potential for life.
242
00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:08,080
But it didn't last.
243
00:29:13,720 --> 00:29:19,080
Because not far away
was a raging nuclear inferno.
244
00:29:21,040 --> 00:29:22,040
Our Sun.
245
00:29:24,120 --> 00:29:27,520
It unleashes torrents
of high-energy particles
246
00:29:27,600 --> 00:29:29,800
so powerful and deadly…
247
00:29:32,480 --> 00:29:34,480
…they can devastate planets.
248
00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:47,840
This solar wind streams through space…
249
00:29:52,320 --> 00:29:55,640
at 400 kilometers per second.
250
00:30:00,480 --> 00:30:03,160
And it ripped through
the Martian atmosphere,
251
00:30:04,640 --> 00:30:06,800
tearing water molecules apart.
252
00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:16,520
Bit by bit,
253
00:30:16,600 --> 00:30:18,160
over millions of years,
254
00:30:19,600 --> 00:30:24,480
the planet's protective layer
was stripped away by the Sun's fury…
255
00:30:29,680 --> 00:30:31,640
…until its ocean evaporated…
256
00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:41,040
and its water was lost to space.
257
00:30:48,600 --> 00:30:52,400
Mars became a desolate, frozen shadow
258
00:30:52,920 --> 00:30:54,280
of its former self.
259
00:31:03,360 --> 00:31:05,920
Consumed by dust storms.
260
00:31:12,520 --> 00:31:14,480
Any chance of complex life…
261
00:31:16,480 --> 00:31:18,280
gone forever.
262
00:31:27,560 --> 00:31:29,640
This could have been our story too.
263
00:31:44,360 --> 00:31:46,640
But somehow, on Earth,
264
00:31:47,560 --> 00:31:51,280
water and life
have found a way to cling on.
265
00:32:06,320 --> 00:32:07,960
In Botswana,
266
00:32:08,040 --> 00:32:10,640
after 200 days in the burning sun…
267
00:32:12,840 --> 00:32:15,000
…there is no water to be found.
268
00:32:23,680 --> 00:32:26,040
Violent winds whip the scorched earth
269
00:32:26,120 --> 00:32:27,600
into a dust bowl.
270
00:32:45,320 --> 00:32:49,440
And the elephants' struggle
hasn't gone unnoticed.
271
00:33:02,920 --> 00:33:06,800
In daylight,
adults can usually protect their young.
272
00:33:18,240 --> 00:33:19,800
But when night falls…
273
00:33:25,480 --> 00:33:26,920
…it's a different story.
274
00:33:37,520 --> 00:33:40,400
Lions are masters of chaos and confusion.
275
00:33:53,440 --> 00:33:55,880
They pick the most vulnerable target…
276
00:34:00,800 --> 00:34:02,120
…working as a pack…
277
00:34:08,200 --> 00:34:10,280
…until there's nowhere left to run.
278
00:34:27,240 --> 00:34:29,600
Without the entire herd as protection,
279
00:34:30,960 --> 00:34:34,080
the lions overwhelm their prey.
280
00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:40,600
The drought and endless search
for food and water
281
00:34:41,440 --> 00:34:44,880
have taken their ultimate toll on Bosigo.
282
00:34:55,040 --> 00:34:58,240
Elephants form deep emotional bonds.
283
00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:13,080
All the family mourn Bosigo's loss.
284
00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:32,840
The herd gathers to comfort Metsi,
285
00:35:34,680 --> 00:35:36,960
who feels it hardest of all.
286
00:35:48,480 --> 00:35:50,720
The never-ending fight to survive
287
00:35:50,800 --> 00:35:52,480
plays out every year,
288
00:35:54,280 --> 00:35:55,720
across the Okavango…
289
00:35:58,000 --> 00:35:59,280
across our planet…
290
00:36:01,960 --> 00:36:03,040
and beyond.
291
00:36:07,080 --> 00:36:09,560
But in this battle for survival,
292
00:36:10,440 --> 00:36:12,000
Earth got truly lucky…
293
00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:17,440
with a secret guardian that protects it.
294
00:36:24,360 --> 00:36:25,480
Deep within…
295
00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:32,280
…the planet's raging molten furnace burns
296
00:36:32,920 --> 00:36:33,920
and churns…
297
00:36:37,840 --> 00:36:40,240
…generating a powerful magnetic field
298
00:36:41,920 --> 00:36:44,360
that extends from the heart of the planet…
299
00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:50,680
…65,000 kilometers out towards the Sun.
300
00:36:52,600 --> 00:36:55,880
A vital force field defending Earth…
301
00:36:58,320 --> 00:37:01,040
…from the same savage solar winds
302
00:37:02,080 --> 00:37:04,040
that stripped water from Mars.
303
00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:13,920
Defeating them
before they hit our atmosphere.
304
00:37:26,520 --> 00:37:28,760
Safeguarding our essential water.
305
00:37:30,520 --> 00:37:34,160
Hugging every drop close to our planet.
306
00:37:41,040 --> 00:37:43,960
This is what makes our pale blue dot
307
00:37:44,480 --> 00:37:46,160
unlike anywhere else.
308
00:37:49,520 --> 00:37:52,920
A place where life can thrive.
309
00:37:56,960 --> 00:37:59,080
Bringing relief to the elephants.
310
00:38:01,600 --> 00:38:04,880
Ensuring rains return each year
without fail.
311
00:38:09,680 --> 00:38:14,000
In the distance,
storm clouds are building.
312
00:38:29,200 --> 00:38:33,800
Elephants can detect
the low-frequency rumble of thunder
313
00:38:33,880 --> 00:38:36,480
from 240 kilometers away.
314
00:38:43,400 --> 00:38:47,880
And it's telling them it's time
to return to the Okavango.
315
00:38:56,600 --> 00:38:58,440
From the highlands of Angola,
316
00:39:00,200 --> 00:39:03,080
water is weaving its way through Botswana…
317
00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:14,280
…to rejuvenate the delta…
318
00:39:22,640 --> 00:39:24,720
with the kiss of life.
319
00:39:34,480 --> 00:39:37,480
Every step
that brings the herd closer to home…
320
00:39:40,760 --> 00:39:45,280
is a continuation
of a much larger cosmic odyssey.
321
00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:57,280
From tiny molecules hitching a ride
on dust beyond Jupiter…
322
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:05,800
to surviving the crushing heat
of early Earth.
323
00:40:13,680 --> 00:40:16,160
Imprisoned in the planet's core…
324
00:40:18,200 --> 00:40:19,880
…then set free…
325
00:40:21,240 --> 00:40:23,080
…to sow the seeds of life…
326
00:40:27,360 --> 00:40:31,880
…every drop of water
has an amazing tale to tell.
327
00:40:34,640 --> 00:40:36,000
Every molecule…
328
00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:39,120
-…a link in an unbroken chain…
329
00:40:40,440 --> 00:40:43,400
…cycling over tens of thousands of years…
330
00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:47,800
…through air…
331
00:40:50,840 --> 00:40:51,800
oceans…
332
00:40:55,680 --> 00:40:56,560
rocks…
333
00:41:04,800 --> 00:41:05,960
…and elephants.
334
00:41:11,680 --> 00:41:16,040
After eight months
and hundreds of kilometers,
335
00:41:17,720 --> 00:41:21,520
Metsi and her family have finally reached
336
00:41:21,600 --> 00:41:24,960
the life-giving waters of the delta.
337
00:41:38,040 --> 00:41:41,640
It's well past time to drink…
338
00:41:43,880 --> 00:41:45,080
and play.
339
00:41:47,440 --> 00:41:50,160
And then, drink some more.
340
00:41:59,560 --> 00:42:02,040
And show the newest member of the family…
341
00:42:06,360 --> 00:42:09,200
…how they do things in the delta.
342
00:42:22,360 --> 00:42:25,360
Metsi and her new baby cousin
343
00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:28,240
are the latest in a long line
344
00:42:28,320 --> 00:42:31,560
to benefit from water's miraculous arrival
345
00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:33,720
on this planet.
346
00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:46,440
They will forever be connected
347
00:42:46,520 --> 00:42:47,880
to the universe
348
00:42:48,800 --> 00:42:52,280
that gave our planet this magic ingredient
349
00:42:54,040 --> 00:42:59,920
and gave us the ability
to preserve and treasure it.
350
00:43:10,840 --> 00:43:15,120
Next, the story of our universe concludes…
351
00:43:16,280 --> 00:43:22,160
…with the force that brings everything
we've seen so far together.
352
00:43:23,560 --> 00:43:26,320
The great sculptor of the cosmos,
353
00:43:26,960 --> 00:43:27,800
gravity.
354
00:43:29,160 --> 00:43:32,520
It's a force of attraction
that built our planet.
355
00:43:35,560 --> 00:43:39,160
And we'll bring two penguins together
at Earth's southern pole.
356
00:43:41,040 --> 00:43:44,120
But when did gravity
start exerting its influence?
357
00:43:45,680 --> 00:43:50,080
How does it create both order and chaos?
358
00:43:52,920 --> 00:43:57,640
And why does it make ours
the perfect planet for life…
359
00:43:59,920 --> 00:44:00,920
…and love?