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《我們的海洋》

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{\an8}全世界最偏遠的海洋

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距離最近的大陸超過1600公里

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這是札沃多夫斯基島

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島上經常有火山爆發

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植物稀少

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長年狂風暴雨

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但是札沃多夫斯基島上
卻有超過200萬隻南極企鵝

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牠們住那裡是因為周邊海域

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擁有全世界數一數二的漁場

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這些小企鵝已經習慣飯來張口

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難就難在把食物送到孩子面前

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一隻母南極企鵝

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滿肚子要給孩子的磷蝦

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眼前只有一道障礙

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就是圍繞這座海島堡壘的峭壁

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光是下海就已經夠辛苦了

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牠要怎麼上去?

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牠可以爬上岩石

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也許解決之道不是對抗海浪

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而在借力使力

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隨波逐流

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但是波浪...

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有去也有回

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白色浪花毫不留情

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如果想把食物送到孩子口中

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牠就必須咬緊牙關

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做好準備

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搭上最大浪頭的便車

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成功了

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現在是最後一道難關

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在活火山的側坡爬上1.6公里

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運送寶貴的貨物

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南極企鵝的英勇行為
證明在這座最與世隔絕的海上

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只要強到能活下去,就有滿滿的收穫

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集名:南冰洋

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南冰洋完全環繞南極洲

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擁有地球上最冰冷的海水

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冬天溫度可降到攝氏負45度以下

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風速可達每小時320公里

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全球洋流在最偏遠的南冰洋最為強勁

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因而保存了幾個世外桃源

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澳洲南岸就在南冰洋外圍

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這片冰冷海水中有幾種奇特生物

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許多都是當地特有的

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近海這裡...

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就有澳洲躄魚

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這是少數寧願走也不肯游泳的魚

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這隻粗體澳洲躄魚在全球非常罕見

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現存不到三千尾

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所以這尾雌魚守護的對象極為珍貴

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牠把卵產在唯一適合的地方

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海鞘的體幹上

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海鞘深植於海底淤泥
所以洋流帶不走這些卵

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但是這也讓飢餓鄰居
清楚看到外露的魚卵

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牠的孩子很幸運

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因為媽媽夠凶悍

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這招無影尾...

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狠狠招呼了寄居蟹

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巨大的海蛞蝓

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也在狠咬之下認輸了

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無論誰來侵略,牠都有辦法

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不過即便如此

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牠還是有勁敵

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這隻巨大海星的體重整整有牠十倍

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海星有數百根管足,每一根都有觸覺

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味覺和嗅覺

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這些管足鎖定牠產下的魚卵味道

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無論怎麼推咬都無濟於事

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擋都擋不住

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但是牠不能放棄

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所以下了一步險棋

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主動獻身給海星

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賭上性命,只求海星能遠離牠的卵

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看似壯烈的犧牲

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但是

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牠偷偷溜走了

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因為有這麼堅強的媽媽

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粗體澳洲躄魚才有一線生機

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南冰洋的生物得想盡辦法才能生存

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越往南走,海洋環境越惡劣

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大洋流整整繞了南冰洋一圈

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有如轉動的水牆

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最深可達4公里,寬1600公里

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叫做南極環流

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沿途就有...

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南喬治島

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全世界最為偏遠的群島

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但在每年春天的幾週內

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這裡會成為最繁忙的地方

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擁有全世界最密集的濱海野生動物

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現在是繁殖季節

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這片海灘上的每個角落都有巨獸...

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在打鬥

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雄象鼻海豹

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上岸爭取繁殖權利

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牠們身長可達6公尺
體重超過3600公斤

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這些莽夫又大又壞

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不過最大的狠角色也有小時候

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這隻小海豹才出生幾個小時

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在牠長成巨獸以前必須歷經艱辛

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首先必須把剛出生時皺巴巴的身體

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塞滿母親的營養奶水

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因為牠有對手

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一隻灰賊鷗

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牠可不會因為偷嬰兒奶水而良心不安

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這隻灰賊鷗跑去找更好下手的目標了

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小海豹學了一課

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別遠離媽媽

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但是下一個考驗可沒那麼簡單

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海灘過度擁擠,情勢開始緊張

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為了保護地盤,巨大雄海豹不顧一切

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牠們可不管誰會受到波及

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新生海豹死因第一名
就是被雄海豹壓死

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但是這頭小海豹今天幸運存活

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媽媽到目前為止還沒離開過牠

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牠在未來三週會增加70公斤左右

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然後情勢突然改變

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因為牠有一天醒來時非常震驚

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媽媽不見了

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媽媽餵給兒子的乳水量將近體重一半

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所以必須回到海裡覓食

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兒子不會游泳,所以不能跟著

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牠必須找安全地點學游泳

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但是牠很容易...

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分心

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每頭小象鼻海豹生命中最重要的一刻

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就是第一次碰到...

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水

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牠下水時的反應非常驚人

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就是自動閉氣

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心跳速度變慢

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更多血液流入大腦

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這是牠成為海洋哺乳動物的...

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第一步

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但是牠還有很多要學

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在淺水區跟其他小海豹練習一個月後

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牠總算可以第一次下海了

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接下來幾年間

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牠要學會閉氣超過兩小時

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並且潛到1800公尺的深度

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總有一天,牠會回到這個岸上

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成為所有海洋中最大、最強悍的海豹

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從南喬治島

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大洋流以每秒1400億公升的速度奔騰

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由於強風吹襲以及地球自轉的影響

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使得南冰洋成為全球水流最強的地方

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是其他海洋的巨大屏障

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南冰洋中心點是最與世隔絕的大陸

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南極洲

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面積超過1300萬平方公里的嚴寒荒野

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南極洲許多廣大冰河伸出陸地後

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成為漂在海面上的冰棚

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在南冰洋最南端的地方

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洋流在羅斯冰棚下方推進

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整個冰棚面積超過美國加州

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這裡的冰層厚度可超過240公尺

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但是只要有洋流經過

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就會有生命

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無脊椎動物在這片海底生存數百萬年

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似乎完全沒變

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這些動物都在努力尋找下一餐

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包括一隻南極海蜘蛛

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牠體型跟餐盤差不多大

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可能已經好幾個月沒進食

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可是這裡競爭對手多

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所以牠可能得繼續餓下去

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牠得找到自己能掌握優勢的其他地方

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那個地方的海水冷到幾乎要結冰

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這裡的冰晶碰到任何表面都會結凍

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最後形成冰洞

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可是美麗的冰洞隱藏致命危機

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因為生物只要碰到這裡的冰

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就逃不走了

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可是這種危險

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對海蜘蛛來說反而是...

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一種轉機

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牠用又長又細的腿

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踮起腳尖,爬越冰層

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小心翼翼,生恐結冰困住

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然後吸取獵物的體液

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有了冰洞,誰還需要蜘蛛網?

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南極環流能維持這種極度寒冷的環境

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就像保冷的冰箱

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冬天降臨時

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南極洲附近的海面結冰

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成為一望無際的實心冰層

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面積廣達1800萬平方公里

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能夠完全保護南冰洋這裡一種

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最重要的動物

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這種動物的威力無與倫比

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南極磷蝦

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這種渺小的蝦狀甲殼動物共有幾兆隻

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專以生長在海冰下的藻類為食

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牠們的整體重量可能超過3.6億公噸

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超過任何一種野生動物

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夏天來時,海冰融化

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吃磷蝦的動物

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迅速趕來

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像是在地的巴布亞企鵝

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以及不遠千里而來的碩大鯨魚

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這是每年一度的豐盛饗宴

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接著冬天來了,鯨魚走了

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海面再度結冰

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只有最強悍的動物堅守家園

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誰說牠們不會飛?

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皇帝企鵝

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在海上度過漫長的兩週後

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這些父母必須回到孩子身邊

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小企鵝在幾公里外的厚海冰上等著

211
00:30:25,501 --> 00:30:29,220
所以就算牠們剛剛完成長泳

212
00:30:29,221 --> 00:30:32,221
還是立刻切換成田徑模式

213
00:30:43,981 --> 00:30:49,061
牠們裝備齊全,能在極端氣候下生存

214
00:30:52,541 --> 00:30:54,941
厚厚的脂肪隔絕外界嚴寒

215
00:30:56,261 --> 00:30:58,741
防水羽毛讓牠們保持乾燥

216
00:30:59,861 --> 00:31:01,661
連腿上都有羽毛

217
00:31:04,221 --> 00:31:09,621
所有演化適應的成果
讓牠們能忍受最嚴苛的海洋環境

218
00:31:24,381 --> 00:31:26,541
牠們幾乎平安到家了

219
00:31:30,341 --> 00:31:31,821
結果一個意外發現

220
00:31:35,101 --> 00:31:37,021
讓大家停下腳步

221
00:31:41,181 --> 00:31:45,981
這片海冰決定每隻皇帝企鵝能否生存

222
00:31:50,781 --> 00:31:54,621
所以就算是人類看來無害的小裂縫

223
00:31:56,341 --> 00:31:59,581
對牠們來說都代表可怕變化

224
00:32:02,661 --> 00:32:07,061
牠們可能不知道原因
但牠們擔心是有道理的

225
00:32:19,901 --> 00:32:24,221
氣候危機已經影響到
全球海洋最與世隔絕的海域

226
00:32:34,501 --> 00:32:38,381
皇帝企鵝的世界正遭逢破紀錄熱浪

227
00:32:39,621 --> 00:32:42,741
最高甚至比正常溫度高出攝氏27度

228
00:32:49,501 --> 00:32:52,620
如果小企鵝還沒長出防水羽毛前

229
00:32:52,621 --> 00:32:53,901
海冰就融化

230
00:32:56,101 --> 00:32:57,101
牠們就會溺死

231
00:33:13,141 --> 00:33:16,701
很多群體已碰到海冰提前融化的慘劇

232
00:33:18,501 --> 00:33:22,061
導致幾萬隻小企鵝死亡

233
00:33:28,701 --> 00:33:31,421
對於自然界最強的生存專家而言

234
00:33:32,021 --> 00:33:34,821
這也許是最難克服的障礙

235
00:33:38,301 --> 00:33:41,461
科學家擔心如果持續暖化下去

236
00:33:41,981 --> 00:33:45,141
南冰洋的皇帝企鵝

237
00:33:46,181 --> 00:33:48,621
可能會在本世紀末絕種

238
00:34:02,501 --> 00:34:05,021
洋流繼續前進

239
00:34:05,541 --> 00:34:08,661
南極半島使得通道縮小

240
00:34:09,501 --> 00:34:11,740
當地的強風和猛烈洋流

241
00:34:11,741 --> 00:34:14,541
迫使深層水湧上表面

242
00:34:19,901 --> 00:34:24,060
這些海水源自太平洋和大西洋

243
00:34:24,061 --> 00:34:26,461
現在的溫度比以往還高

244
00:34:31,181 --> 00:34:34,500
湧升流就像秘密入口

245
00:34:34,501 --> 00:34:38,021
讓高溫滲透進南極環流

246
00:34:38,541 --> 00:34:40,421
造成更多海冰融化

247
00:34:44,501 --> 00:34:46,261
防線出現破口後

248
00:34:46,781 --> 00:34:49,461
夏天出現極端高溫

249
00:34:49,981 --> 00:34:51,821
半島周圍的海冰

250
00:34:53,821 --> 00:34:56,221
也因此更稀少

251
00:35:00,101 --> 00:35:03,461
這是有紀錄以來
海冰融化最多的一次

252
00:35:17,301 --> 00:35:19,260
少了海冰滋養藻類後

253
00:35:19,261 --> 00:35:22,301
大部分磷蝦因此撤離這些水域

254
00:35:24,861 --> 00:35:27,861
以磷蝦為食的許多動物也跟進

255
00:35:33,301 --> 00:35:39,021
峽灣深處守護了碩果僅存的幾塊海冰

256
00:35:40,061 --> 00:35:43,020
有一種依賴海冰的動物非但留下

257
00:35:43,021 --> 00:35:45,421
而且不會坐以待斃

258
00:35:49,461 --> 00:35:51,021
食蟹海豹

259
00:35:54,341 --> 00:35:57,461
這隻粗壯的年輕雄海豹非常強悍

260
00:35:59,661 --> 00:36:00,661
驍勇善戰

261
00:36:04,021 --> 00:36:06,181
光是疤痕就足以證明了

262
00:36:08,981 --> 00:36:13,341
牠在海冰上出生,從來沒到陸地上過

263
00:36:22,381 --> 00:36:23,461
但是最近

264
00:36:24,461 --> 00:36:28,261
牠住的地方已經面目全非

265
00:36:34,461 --> 00:36:39,221
牠找到一片難得可以休息的海冰

266
00:36:41,541 --> 00:36:44,221
另一種海豹跑來湊熱鬧

267
00:36:46,701 --> 00:36:49,541
這頭威德爾海豹也要歇一會兒

268
00:36:52,821 --> 00:36:55,421
這個海灣平靜得出奇

269
00:37:22,701 --> 00:37:23,701
虎鯨

270
00:37:26,981 --> 00:37:29,101
南極洲的殺手鯨

271
00:37:33,821 --> 00:37:37,101
但這些可不是一般殺手鯨

272
00:37:39,781 --> 00:37:41,301
而是海豹殺手

273
00:37:51,141 --> 00:37:53,781
而且牠們封死所有出路

274
00:37:58,861 --> 00:38:03,021
海豹把這塊海冰當成救生艇

275
00:38:05,381 --> 00:38:07,460
還好海冰的邊緣尖銳

276
00:38:07,461 --> 00:38:10,260
使得皮膚很薄的殺手鯨

277
00:38:10,261 --> 00:38:12,021
無法靠得太近

278
00:38:20,101 --> 00:38:24,061
海豹只要待在救生艇上就很安全

279
00:38:37,701 --> 00:38:38,981
但是這群鯨魚

280
00:38:40,301 --> 00:38:41,581
決定不走了

281
00:38:49,421 --> 00:38:55,381
牠們合力推出一道很強的弓形波

282
00:39:08,021 --> 00:39:10,141
食蟹海豹立刻回到冰上

283
00:39:11,821 --> 00:39:14,141
威德爾海豹跟在後面

284
00:39:20,901 --> 00:39:22,301
但這群波浪獵手

285
00:39:24,821 --> 00:39:26,421
才正要大顯身手

286
00:39:41,141 --> 00:39:44,341
威德爾海豹速度較慢,脂肪較多

287
00:39:45,461 --> 00:39:46,981
容易得手

288
00:39:48,421 --> 00:39:50,261
而且牠不像食蟹海豹

289
00:39:51,661 --> 00:39:54,181
威德爾海豹並非天生鬥士

290
00:40:38,941 --> 00:40:41,181
威德爾海豹馬上斃命

291
00:41:03,341 --> 00:41:04,581
但獵殺行動

292
00:41:06,501 --> 00:41:08,181
還沒結束

293
00:41:20,741 --> 00:41:23,941
這些殺手鯨很難找到足夠的食物

294
00:41:29,941 --> 00:41:31,741
食蟹海豹脾氣火爆

295
00:41:34,421 --> 00:41:36,421
不是牠們的首選獵物

296
00:41:39,021 --> 00:41:40,941
但是海冰不多

297
00:41:41,781 --> 00:41:43,701
牠們只能將就一下

298
00:41:45,981 --> 00:41:47,101
牠們整隊時

299
00:41:48,501 --> 00:41:52,581
海豹抓緊時機溜走

300
00:42:21,381 --> 00:42:27,461
這塊冰層夾在兩片海冰中間
讓牠免於殺手鯨的攻擊

301
00:42:43,501 --> 00:42:47,541
可是殺手鯨卻表現出驚人的謀略

302
00:42:48,661 --> 00:42:51,701
開始把冰層頂開

303
00:43:20,501 --> 00:43:23,781
這片海冰比較大,理應能結束戰事

304
00:43:27,261 --> 00:43:29,621
可是殺手還不罷休

305
00:43:49,061 --> 00:43:52,501
牠們利用一連串海面下波浪

306
00:43:57,301 --> 00:43:59,741
讓剩下的海冰四分五裂

307
00:44:21,541 --> 00:44:23,421
現在牠們從水底施力

308
00:44:25,661 --> 00:44:27,101
想推倒海冰

309
00:44:55,261 --> 00:44:57,821
不過食蟹海豹還有鬥志

310
00:45:18,141 --> 00:45:20,421
但是牠再怎麼努力

311
00:45:22,461 --> 00:45:24,421
都甩不掉殺手鯨

312
00:45:34,741 --> 00:45:37,301
最後已經無路可逃

313
00:45:42,421 --> 00:45:45,781
經過四小時的連番猛攻後

314
00:45:48,701 --> 00:45:50,541
牠已經筋疲力竭

315
00:46:22,701 --> 00:46:25,501
但是波浪越來越小

316
00:46:31,661 --> 00:46:33,341
力道變得微弱

317
00:46:39,421 --> 00:46:42,981
這些殺手鯨也累壞了

318
00:47:03,621 --> 00:47:04,621
你贏了

319
00:47:31,981 --> 00:47:35,621
這群殺手鯨游向不確定的未來

320
00:47:39,981 --> 00:47:44,421
全球大約只有100頭特有的波浪獵手

321
00:47:45,661 --> 00:47:49,141
隨著海冰縮減,牠們的未來也黯淡

322
00:47:52,101 --> 00:47:55,181
如果牠們失去這種狩獵能力

323
00:47:56,101 --> 00:47:57,341
人類也會失去牠們

324
00:48:07,421 --> 00:48:11,341
南極野生動植物都需要結冰的大海

325
00:48:14,581 --> 00:48:16,661
就算是大海深處

326
00:48:24,221 --> 00:48:26,900
因為每年海面結冰時

327
00:48:26,901 --> 00:48:32,821
都會有230兆公噸的表層水沉入海底

328
00:48:34,981 --> 00:48:37,101
而且帶著大洋流下去

329
00:48:50,661 --> 00:48:56,261
海底914公尺深處
沒有光線、寒冷,而且壓力極大

330
00:48:57,301 --> 00:48:59,261
使得生活步調變慢

331
00:49:04,581 --> 00:49:07,381
在南冰洋海底這裡

332
00:49:12,141 --> 00:49:15,621
有地球上最古老的現存動物

333
00:49:21,141 --> 00:49:26,181
早在金字塔建造以前
這隻火山海綿就已經活著

334
00:49:27,981 --> 00:49:31,021
牠們的壽命長達一萬五千年

335
00:49:36,341 --> 00:49:40,741
南冰洋是無數深海動物的起源

336
00:49:44,741 --> 00:49:48,981
牠們乘著大洋流,從南極洲向外擴散

337
00:49:52,981 --> 00:49:54,100
時至今日

338
00:49:54,101 --> 00:49:57,581
無論長相詭異,還是長相瑰麗

339
00:50:02,781 --> 00:50:05,861
這些動物都擴散到各大洋深處

340
00:50:14,461 --> 00:50:17,940
讓我們知道由於洋流推波助瀾

341
00:50:17,941 --> 00:50:22,101
使得南冰洋比我們想像中更四通八達

342
00:50:24,941 --> 00:50:27,021
這是地球的心臟

343
00:50:29,021 --> 00:50:34,301
能將冰冷的深層海水送出
成為全球洋流的動力來源

344
00:50:43,941 --> 00:50:48,981
洋流踏上12萬公里的旅程
經過一片又一片大洋

345
00:50:53,381 --> 00:50:56,181
形成互相連結的水文環境

346
00:50:57,381 --> 00:51:01,381
也就是一整片遼闊的海洋

347
00:51:16,141 --> 00:51:18,821
但是由於洋流串連每個海洋

348
00:51:20,181 --> 00:51:22,261
所以人類在任何地方的行為

349
00:51:24,421 --> 00:51:27,901
都會影響到每個地方的生物

350
00:51:35,621 --> 00:51:41,741
洋流帶走的垃圾
最後可能到世界的另一頭

351
00:51:47,501 --> 00:51:52,301
人類行為使得現代海洋打破高溫紀錄

352
00:51:54,021 --> 00:51:56,821
隨著洋流把高溫帶到全世界

353
00:51:57,781 --> 00:51:59,181
魚群也跟著移動

354
00:52:03,141 --> 00:52:05,341
要保護牠們也更為困難

355
00:52:12,381 --> 00:52:14,461
海冰融化速度加快

356
00:52:29,821 --> 00:52:34,221
可能危及大洋流本身的未來

357
00:52:37,221 --> 00:52:38,461
沒有大洋流

358
00:52:40,461 --> 00:52:43,221
天氣可能變得更極端

359
00:52:52,861 --> 00:52:55,381
如果不維持海洋生態的健康

360
00:52:57,501 --> 00:53:00,101
海洋也無法維持人類生計

361
00:53:08,101 --> 00:53:10,061
但是在南冰洋這裡

362
00:53:11,301 --> 00:53:15,701
人類已經證明能在關鍵時刻挺身而出

363
00:53:26,581 --> 00:53:29,901
這頭南露脊鯨就是活生生的證明

364
00:53:36,741 --> 00:53:41,821
人類曾經獵殺這種鯨魚
使得可生育的母鯨剩下不到100頭

365
00:53:43,661 --> 00:53:48,301
但世界各國在緊要關頭一起合作

366
00:53:50,981 --> 00:53:52,861
保護這些巨大的鯨魚

367
00:54:04,701 --> 00:54:08,461
結果南露脊鯨來了精彩的逆轉勝

368
00:54:09,941 --> 00:54:12,940
現在幾千頭南露脊鯨從南極洲出發

369
00:54:12,941 --> 00:54:15,741
前往澳洲南岸繁殖

370
00:54:22,861 --> 00:54:27,020
證明了人類只要給海洋生物一個機會

371
00:54:27,021 --> 00:54:28,501
生態就能復原

372
00:54:38,781 --> 00:54:43,621
如果人類能拯救瀕臨絕種的一種動物

373
00:54:46,581 --> 00:54:48,421
當然就能攜手合作

374
00:54:50,341 --> 00:54:53,221
讓我們的海洋生態恢復健康

375
00:55:02,181 --> 00:55:04,421
現在有越來越多人身體力行

376
00:55:10,021 --> 00:55:11,381
清除廢棄物

377
00:55:15,141 --> 00:55:18,061
承諾減少溫室氣體排放

378
00:55:20,461 --> 00:55:22,061
保護動植物

379
00:55:27,221 --> 00:55:28,341
和牠們的家

380
00:55:40,221 --> 00:55:41,341
只要現在行動

381
00:55:41,861 --> 00:55:48,661
我們還是能救回這一整片遼闊的海洋

382
00:57:16,781 --> 00:57:22,781
字幕翻譯:溫鳳祺