1
00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:17,000
這個由岩石和冰雪構成的崎嶇迷宮...

2
00:00:21,080 --> 00:00:24,800
溫度可降到攝氏零下40度

3
00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:30,520
暴風雪能讓積雪深達9公尺

4
00:00:32,960 --> 00:00:36,640
入冬的落磯山脈可不適合草莓族

5
00:00:40,120 --> 00:00:41,720
但是有一種生物

6
00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:46,840
在這種環境如魚得水

7
00:00:48,880 --> 00:00:51,040
我們覺得危險的陡坡

8
00:00:52,480 --> 00:00:55,360
被這隻狼獾當成遊樂場

9
00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:04,680
牠的厚重皮毛能輕鬆甩掉雪

10
00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:11,120
爪子就像專業登山客的冰爪

11
00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:18,520
牠在最嚴寒的冬季裡挺進...

12
00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:26,440
甩身體的樣子卻依舊輕鬆

13
00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:34,920
但是在山上獨居也有缺點

14
00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:42,440
附近很少有其他動物

15
00:01:44,320 --> 00:01:47,680
讓這隻飢餓的肉食動物很傷腦筋

16
00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:55,600
牠一天可跋涉長達32公里

17
00:01:59,320 --> 00:02:02,320
尋找雪地上...

18
00:02:04,240 --> 00:02:05,920
還有雪地下的大餐

19
00:02:13,640 --> 00:02:16,600
但是牠也得留意天空

20
00:02:20,520 --> 00:02:25,680
因為上面的山峰構成死亡威脅

21
00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:34,000
大雪連降幾個月後,高山就要卸貨了

22
00:02:43,880 --> 00:02:46,120
冰雪如洪水暴衝而下

23
00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:54,880
超過八萬五千立方公尺的冰雪...

24
00:02:56,920 --> 00:02:58,760
從高山轟然滾下...

25
00:03:01,640 --> 00:03:04,000
時速高達160公里

26
00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:29,720
對於逃不了的大部分生物

27
00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:31,840
白雪的怒吼聲...

28
00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:36,600
有如死神的呼喚

29
00:03:42,240 --> 00:03:46,480
這隻幸運的狼獾卻當成晚餐準備好了

30
00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:55,200
牠根據味道鎖定方向

31
00:03:56,960 --> 00:03:58,120
開始動工

32
00:04:13,320 --> 00:04:17,160
雪崩對倒楣的北美山羊來說是壞消息

33
00:04:19,280 --> 00:04:22,440
卻是飢餓狼獾的及時雨

34
00:04:26,520 --> 00:04:27,960
某些動物遇難...

35
00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:33,720
卻拯救了牠

36
00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:44,920
因為生命不只需要溫柔的地球

37
00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:51,040
也需要狂暴的大自然

38
00:04:57,840 --> 00:05:00,520
《我們的生物世界》

39
00:05:00,520 --> 00:05:03,840
集名:臨界點

40
00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:11,200
{\an8}地球最強大的破壞力...

41
00:05:11,200 --> 00:05:12,640
{\an8}(旁白 凱特布蘭琪)

42
00:05:12,640 --> 00:05:16,240
{\an8}...也為這裡帶來了生命

43
00:05:18,760 --> 00:05:21,560
火山的破壞力驚人

44
00:05:24,280 --> 00:05:28,000
但是也會放出大量水蒸氣

45
00:05:28,840 --> 00:05:33,440
多到足以讓現今的海裡填滿了水

46
00:05:34,480 --> 00:05:37,200
而這些水原本在地底

47
00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:44,440
熔岩冷卻後創造新陸地

48
00:05:47,080 --> 00:05:50,560
最珍貴的莫過於火山島

49
00:05:56,000 --> 00:06:00,240
這些偏遠的群島攪動海流

50
00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:05,440
帶起深海富含養分的水

51
00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:08,880
讓生物得以大量出現

52
00:06:13,840 --> 00:06:15,040
遍布海面上...

53
00:06:17,280 --> 00:06:18,760
以及海底

54
00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:28,840
火山島就像海洋裡的生命天堂...

55
00:06:34,480 --> 00:06:36,960
不過得先找到火山島才行

56
00:06:43,680 --> 00:06:47,400
這隻年輕的母雙髻鮫踏上處女航

57
00:06:48,840 --> 00:06:52,520
從沿海出生地,一路游了幾百公里

58
00:06:52,520 --> 00:06:55,040
進入廣大無邊的太平洋

59
00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:02,200
牠可能不知道要去哪裡

60
00:07:05,360 --> 00:07:07,240
不過有嚮導帶路

61
00:07:08,800 --> 00:07:12,400
牠的吻部長滿了受體

62
00:07:13,040 --> 00:07:17,560
能偵測火山海床的磁力訊號

63
00:07:28,960 --> 00:07:33,800
冷卻後的熔岩引領牠在海中前進

64
00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:44,480
只要跟著鼻子

65
00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:48,600
讓本能帶路就好

66
00:07:58,280 --> 00:07:59,520
可可斯島

67
00:08:00,320 --> 00:08:07,240
一座古火山的高峰
從海床上升了3600公尺

68
00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:11,920
對牠的感官而言

69
00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:17,960
就像荒野中的磁力燈塔

70
00:08:29,600 --> 00:08:34,240
游了480公里後,牠總算到了休息站

71
00:08:36,200 --> 00:08:41,600
所以開始尋找可可斯島的特定居民

72
00:08:51,840 --> 00:08:54,240
不過這隻鯊魚並非在找大餐

73
00:08:57,480 --> 00:08:59,360
而是奉上小吃

74
00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:12,400
第一次出海後,牠全身佈滿寄生動物

75
00:09:18,400 --> 00:09:23,920
一群蝴蝶魚吃掉這些討厭鬼
清理受到感染的傷口

76
00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:31,760
溫柔的咬勁有如輕輕按摩

77
00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:38,360
除了讓自己飽餐一頓
又能讓鯊魚靜心療傷

78
00:09:46,080 --> 00:09:47,960
這項服務也來得正好

79
00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:54,400
因為這片火山樂園
不只是一隻鯊魚的水療中心

80
00:09:59,840 --> 00:10:03,960
其他旅客也紛紛來到這個特殊會合點

81
00:10:10,880 --> 00:10:14,600
數百條鯊魚圍成一圈

82
00:10:29,720 --> 00:10:35,040
科學家猜測這種集會
有如雙髻鮫的夏日舞會...

83
00:10:37,760 --> 00:10:38,960
可以放鬆心情

84
00:10:41,440 --> 00:10:42,440
閒話家常

85
00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:49,800
幸運時還能找到配偶

86
00:10:55,560 --> 00:10:58,160
這位黃花閨女加入舞群後

87
00:11:00,480 --> 00:11:03,040
也許會展開新的鯊生之旅

88
00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:05,760
生兒育女

89
00:11:09,920 --> 00:11:15,040
能有這趟旅程
都要歸功於鋪設數百萬年的

90
00:11:16,160 --> 00:11:18,800
海底火山小徑

91
00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:28,040
我們的海中還是有

92
00:11:28,040 --> 00:11:31,480
地球少見的劇烈自然現象

93
00:11:35,560 --> 00:11:40,320
熱帶地區的太陽能最炙烈

94
00:11:41,440 --> 00:11:44,800
海洋吸收掉大部分的熱

95
00:11:49,120 --> 00:11:52,800
但是暖化的海水有一個洩氣口

96
00:11:56,080 --> 00:12:01,560
把能量轉移到天上,排出多餘熱能

97
00:12:02,560 --> 00:12:07,560
養出地球上破壞力最強的暴風雨

98
00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:14,400
颶風

99
00:12:18,520 --> 00:12:19,920
這隻發育中的怪獸

100
00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:25,800
能改變沿途所有生物的命運

101
00:12:33,480 --> 00:12:35,120
在邁阿密的公園裡

102
00:12:36,680 --> 00:12:40,400
有一種領域性很強的美國生物...

103
00:12:44,920 --> 00:12:46,400
正在宣示主權

104
00:12:55,800 --> 00:12:57,000
變色蜥蜴

105
00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:00,480
狠角色

106
00:13:02,120 --> 00:13:05,200
用伏地挺身展現力量

107
00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:09,640
警告對手離牠的樹遠一點

108
00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:19,480
好讓自己享有更多食物和美嬌娘

109
00:13:25,400 --> 00:13:27,960
但還是有同類當耳邊風

110
00:13:35,080 --> 00:13:35,920
外來者...

111
00:13:38,040 --> 00:13:40,360
看上狠角色的樹了

112
00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:49,640
牠有參一腳的本事嗎?

113
00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:56,120
不錯嘛

114
00:13:59,080 --> 00:14:02,360
狠角色得讓牠知道誰才是老大

115
00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:05,360
看好囉

116
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:10,800
這才是蜥蜴的大絕招

117
00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:20,800
但是你會我也會

118
00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:29,000
只有一種辦法能解決

119
00:14:52,680 --> 00:14:54,360
可是牠們打仗時...

120
00:14:58,920 --> 00:15:01,480
超強颶風也慢慢接近

121
00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:14,440
牠們衝向樹頂

122
00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:19,680
逃離無可避免的大水

123
00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:26,880
颶風登陸時

124
00:15:36,120 --> 00:15:38,880
兩隻變色蜥蜴抓緊高處的樹枝

125
00:15:45,840 --> 00:15:47,080
如果沒抓好

126
00:15:49,040 --> 00:15:51,000
就會一無所有

127
00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:59,200
狠角色的未來,就靠一指神功

128
00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:11,160
對手也在奮力掙扎

129
00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:32,640
優勝者不但牢牢抓住,也守住地盤

130
00:16:40,600 --> 00:16:41,840
在這場戰鬥中

131
00:16:43,800 --> 00:16:45,760
強者才能生存

132
00:16:48,320 --> 00:16:50,400
但是這種勝利很短暫

133
00:17:01,080 --> 00:17:06,000
人類造成的氣侯變遷
讓現在的颶風威力增強...

134
00:17:07,880 --> 00:17:09,160
也更頻繁

135
00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:18,640
由於這類威脅加劇
使得蜥蜴的身體開始改變

136
00:17:20,200 --> 00:17:23,600
最驚人的是,才不過短短幾代

137
00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:28,640
牠們就演化出更大的趾墊,加強握力

138
00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:39,840
我們還不知道氣候暖化
會讓這些生物怎麼走下去

139
00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:49,080
但是我們知道天氣一定會變得更極端

140
00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:58,800
有的地方淹水,有的地方乾旱

141
00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:05,280
沙漠面積增加,使得各大洲改變面貌

142
00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:09,160
所有的生物都必須適應

143
00:18:10,520 --> 00:18:11,480
否則就消失

144
00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:19,480
這是西非的撒哈拉沙漠南部

145
00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:28,720
濕季越來越不穩定,而且難以預測

146
00:18:31,040 --> 00:18:33,960
白天高溫超過攝氏40度...

147
00:18:36,280 --> 00:18:41,480
讓這片多刺的灌木叢變成露天烤箱

148
00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:46,960
野火肆虐大地...

149
00:18:53,840 --> 00:18:56,520
所到之處,盡是焦黑殘骸

150
00:19:04,720 --> 00:19:08,480
但是有一群動物不會放棄老家

151
00:19:21,480 --> 00:19:24,160
這個寶寶長得很快

152
00:19:29,840 --> 00:19:31,920
所以肚子沒飽過

153
00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:38,760
誰能在這片荒野找到食物呢?

154
00:19:39,280 --> 00:19:40,920
一定是牠的聰明親戚

155
00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:49,560
如果不懂技巧
很難挖出長滿絨毛的木棉果實種子

156
00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:54,720
雖然種子有點乾

157
00:20:03,520 --> 00:20:07,680
想在這裡求生,小女孩就得動動大腦

158
00:20:15,440 --> 00:20:18,480
牠用模仿學習法

159
00:20:22,840 --> 00:20:24,280
這個學生有前途

160
00:20:26,520 --> 00:20:28,920
不過還得打好基本功

161
00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:39,240
知識和技能代代相傳

162
00:20:40,440 --> 00:20:45,880
所以就算到處乾旱
這些倖存的黑猩猩還是活得下去

163
00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:52,440
但是牠們少不了一樣東西

164
00:20:53,280 --> 00:20:55,120
那就是安全的飲水

165
00:20:57,800 --> 00:21:02,000
最重要的一課就是去哪裡找水

166
00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:17,840
河床已經乾涸見底

167
00:21:30,400 --> 00:21:33,320
牠們也許知道哪裡還有最美味的果實

168
00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:38,440
但是連牠的親戚都無法從地上變出水

169
00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:46,520
不過奶奶已經在這裡叱吒40個乾季

170
00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:55,360
只有牠能帶領全家渡過難關

171
00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:03,960
家族緊跟在後

172
00:22:11,120 --> 00:22:13,200
這個家已經乾了

173
00:22:18,640 --> 00:22:23,160
失去棲息地和盜獵行為
使得黑猩猩在過去30年間

174
00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:24,840
數量驟減八成

175
00:22:27,960 --> 00:22:32,680
倖存者現在必須更聰明,更適應環境

176
00:22:48,520 --> 00:22:53,000
奶奶帶著黑猩猩大軍
到未曾乾過的水坑

177
00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:12,640
不過這片靠得住的綠洲
也已經萎縮成一灘死水

178
00:23:16,760 --> 00:23:20,040
這個水不能喝

179
00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:51,080
奶奶在這灘水旁邊挖了一個坑

180
00:23:54,720 --> 00:23:56,280
裡面開始注滿水

181
00:23:58,840 --> 00:24:03,040
這是經過沙子過濾的淨水

182
00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:09,360
全家動起來

183
00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:21,920
奶奶的智慧救了牠們

184
00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:28,160
這孩子也學到以後能用上的寶貴課程

185
00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:46,280
非洲的這個地區乾旱

186
00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:53,680
對遙遠他方的生命也有影響

187
00:24:55,720 --> 00:24:58,360
甚至遠及地球另一邊

188
00:25:00,600 --> 00:25:01,880
沙漠擴大後

189
00:25:03,680 --> 00:25:07,880
能把更多沙塵送到大氣層

190
00:25:10,040 --> 00:25:14,560
高空的風把沙塵帶進天氣系統

191
00:25:14,560 --> 00:25:16,880
擴散到世界各地

192
00:25:19,840 --> 00:25:25,400
前往南北極,最後落到冰河和冰帽上

193
00:25:27,280 --> 00:25:28,720
冰層變得黯淡

194
00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:32,600
因此吸收更多太陽輻射

195
00:25:34,880 --> 00:25:37,640
讓周圍的冰雪溫度上升

196
00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:52,960
世界最大的陸上掠食動物在岸邊覓食

197
00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:55,400
牠餓了整個夏天

198
00:26:03,040 --> 00:26:04,920
現在換季了

199
00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:08,320
特地跑來查看海冰

200
00:26:12,280 --> 00:26:15,160
海冰必須硬到能支撐牠的體重

201
00:26:15,640 --> 00:26:18,480
才能讓牠獵捕愛吃的海豹

202
00:26:22,120 --> 00:26:23,960
可惜今年是暖秋

203
00:26:25,320 --> 00:26:27,520
海冰結得比較晚

204
00:26:33,120 --> 00:26:36,640
急著要打獵的動物不只是牠

205
00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:45,040
幾百頭北極熊聚在加拿大的北方海岸

206
00:26:46,480 --> 00:26:48,040
等著海冰凝固

207
00:26:51,840 --> 00:26:53,640
這些青少年好奇心重

208
00:26:54,680 --> 00:26:58,800
無法抗拒比劃力氣的大好時機

209
00:27:07,840 --> 00:27:10,640
這兩位400多公斤的重量級選手

210
00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:12,560
都可使出致命的一擊

211
00:27:14,960 --> 00:27:17,200
不過牠們只是打好玩的

212
00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:28,080
打架能消磨時間

213
00:27:29,840 --> 00:27:31,400
不過牠還是會餓

214
00:27:35,560 --> 00:27:39,880
牠也許只剩下一個地方能找到吃的

215
00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:49,600
所以牠背對海洋,往反方向走

216
00:27:52,400 --> 00:27:53,240
內陸

217
00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:56,280
朝著森林走去

218
00:28:02,920 --> 00:28:05,040
誰曉得牠會在這裡找到什麼?

219
00:28:22,080 --> 00:28:22,920
狼群

220
00:28:25,400 --> 00:28:26,720
習慣集體狩獵

221
00:28:28,880 --> 00:28:31,280
牠們稱霸北方森林

222
00:28:36,280 --> 00:28:40,760
每天巡視廣達2500平方公里的地盤...

223
00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:47,440
尋找食物和外來者

224
00:29:05,520 --> 00:29:08,680
狼和北極熊通常不會打照面

225
00:29:11,920 --> 00:29:15,160
可是現在兩者越來越常相遇

226
00:29:19,320 --> 00:29:22,440
一隻狼不是熊的對手

227
00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:27,480
可是牠們成群逼近

228
00:29:34,040 --> 00:29:35,520
現在誰是老大呢?

229
00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:39,520
你是晚餐...

230
00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:43,080
還是致命威脅?

231
00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:11,560
到別處找容易下手的對象吧

232
00:30:14,040 --> 00:30:17,560
這頭英勇的北極熊拒絕退讓

233
00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:18,560
迎來勝利

234
00:30:25,520 --> 00:30:28,760
由於必須在海冰以外的地方停留更久

235
00:30:29,280 --> 00:30:34,200
所以北極熊必須思考
如何在這個怪奇新世界謀生

236
00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:45,720
這次在野狼的地盤豪賭
換來豐碩的成果

237
00:30:49,080 --> 00:30:51,040
找到棄置的駝鹿屍體

238
00:30:53,240 --> 00:30:57,280
這頓大餐能讓牠撐到海水再度結冰

239
00:31:03,080 --> 00:31:08,760
不過並非所有生物的技能
都跟得上瞬息萬變的世界

240
00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:18,880
氣侯變遷造成更極端的狀況

241
00:31:20,680 --> 00:31:24,880
打斷生命之網內的基本連結

242
00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:29,840
釀成重大災難...

243
00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:34,880
而且原因讓人意想不到

244
00:31:43,000 --> 00:31:46,800
在內華達山脈的森林深處...

245
00:31:48,960 --> 00:31:52,600
這棵松樹遭到圍剿

246
00:31:57,520 --> 00:31:58,560
敵人

247
00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:01,520
是西方松甲蟲

248
00:32:07,240 --> 00:32:11,320
這個小刺客會尋找弱點...

249
00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:17,760
然後鑽洞、產卵

250
00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:31,560
一旦成功,飢餓的幼蟲
就會從內部吃垮這棵樹

251
00:32:34,320 --> 00:32:36,480
但是這不只是一棵樹

252
00:32:38,560 --> 00:32:40,600
而是隨時備戰的堡壘

253
00:32:42,360 --> 00:32:46,560
在層層阻隔後面
有隱形補給線悄悄流動

254
00:32:48,920 --> 00:32:53,960
樹根每天把近400公升雨水送到樹冠

255
00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:01,720
這些水又能築起另一道防線

256
00:33:05,240 --> 00:33:06,240
樹脂

257
00:33:07,680 --> 00:33:09,600
樹脂會流到防線破口

258
00:33:11,200 --> 00:33:12,760
驅逐外來者

259
00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:20,480
甲蟲天生就是愛鑽
一點點液體是攔不住牠的

260
00:33:23,680 --> 00:33:24,800
但是樹脂...

261
00:33:27,040 --> 00:33:28,280
還有另一招

262
00:33:30,680 --> 00:33:31,520
樹脂乾掉後...

263
00:33:33,160 --> 00:33:34,080
會硬化

264
00:33:41,360 --> 00:33:44,360
就算最有毅力的甲蟲也只能...

265
00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:50,600
瞬間凝結

266
00:33:54,400 --> 00:33:58,240
但是松樹的防線不一定都這麼堅強

267
00:34:00,120 --> 00:34:04,080
氣候變化導致太平洋的天氣型態

268
00:34:04,080 --> 00:34:05,520
漸漸北移

269
00:34:06,920 --> 00:34:10,440
原本肆虐這些加州森林的暴風雨

270
00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:13,600
現在轉而襲擊加拿大海岸

271
00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:22,160
這些樹近年得到的降雨量
只有往常的三分之二

272
00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:28,800
由於水量不足,無法讓樹脂流動

273
00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:37,440
所以情勢開始對甲蟲有利

274
00:34:39,440 --> 00:34:41,080
牠們突破防線

275
00:34:43,840 --> 00:34:47,520
而且牠們的幼蟲鑿穿樹木補給線

276
00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:54,840
切斷樹木賴以為生的水源

277
00:34:58,960 --> 00:35:01,360
樹木必須背水一戰

278
00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:07,400
在寂靜的哭聲中...

279
00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:11,200
森林奄奄一息

280
00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:15,960
一點火苗就能引爆危機

281
00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:36,000
4000平方公里陷入火海
溫度高達2000度,連續燃燒數月

282
00:35:39,960 --> 00:35:45,640
在某些地方
助長火勢的枯木中,有超過八成

283
00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:50,080
是被甲蟲害死的西黃松

284
00:35:56,160 --> 00:36:00,600
不過就算森林大火染紅舊金山天空

285
00:36:05,440 --> 00:36:08,760
這些樹還是有一絲希望

286
00:36:14,280 --> 00:36:18,080
它們開始慢慢往北逃到安全之處

287
00:36:20,920 --> 00:36:24,000
有時甚至每3年可北漂1.6公里

288
00:36:27,080 --> 00:36:32,080
松樹現在能到以前太冷的的緯度生長

289
00:36:35,960 --> 00:36:37,840
林線北移的同時...

290
00:36:39,760 --> 00:36:43,040
也讓其他生物有跟上腳步的機會

291
00:36:45,560 --> 00:36:48,680
可能對我們有意想不到的影響

292
00:36:58,960 --> 00:37:03,720
{\an8}這對英勇的河狸跟著樹木北伐

293
00:37:05,320 --> 00:37:09,760
{\an8}帶頭到更北的地方,超越以前的河狸

294
00:37:17,840 --> 00:37:20,400
最遠可達阿拉斯加凍原

295
00:37:24,360 --> 00:37:30,600
這個新社區建材很多,夠牠們忙了

296
00:37:39,960 --> 00:37:44,080
牠們必須建設新房子和新水壩

297
00:37:47,240 --> 00:37:48,280
用牙齒...

298
00:37:51,560 --> 00:37:52,920
還有腳掌

299
00:38:00,160 --> 00:38:01,960
再過短短的幾個月

300
00:38:02,440 --> 00:38:07,400
北極的冬天就會冰封這片草原

301
00:38:13,840 --> 00:38:19,080
想在這麼北的地方生存
牠們就得小心修建水壩

302
00:38:21,360 --> 00:38:25,600
蓄水太多,牠們的家就會泡水

303
00:38:28,160 --> 00:38:33,760
太少,水池會結冰,把牠們困在家裡

304
00:38:36,360 --> 00:38:39,000
精密工程和瘋狂啃樹之間

305
00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:41,400
必須取得巧妙平衡

306
00:38:45,200 --> 00:38:49,000
只有天氣能判定牠們拿捏對了沒有

307
00:38:56,720 --> 00:38:57,560
冬天來了

308
00:39:00,640 --> 00:39:02,480
牠們家勝出了嗎?

309
00:39:05,960 --> 00:39:09,880
還是牠們在自掘冰墓?

310
00:39:38,560 --> 00:39:39,920
牠們成功了

311
00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:43,480
這個完美的家園

312
00:39:45,200 --> 00:39:48,080
正好適合牠們新闢的疆界

313
00:40:01,360 --> 00:40:08,080
只有春天來臨時
才能看出這個水壩的其他影響

314
00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:18,160
我們的河狸把小水池變成湖泊

315
00:40:22,160 --> 00:40:27,840
吸收春天的陽光
讓下面的凍土溫度升高

316
00:40:30,360 --> 00:40:34,120
土壤解凍後,更多的溪水流動

317
00:40:34,120 --> 00:40:37,360
讓更多樹木紮根

318
00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:42,280
建材數量大爆發

319
00:40:43,320 --> 00:40:46,440
讓更多河狸從南部搬到北部

320
00:40:49,760 --> 00:40:55,280
把這片處女地變成繁忙的邊疆社區

321
00:41:32,240 --> 00:41:36,400
但是這個新樂園沒有表面上美好

322
00:41:41,800 --> 00:41:46,600
阿拉斯加結冰的沼地有一個恐怖秘密

323
00:41:49,120 --> 00:41:50,080
沼地解凍後...

324
00:41:53,120 --> 00:41:55,400
會釋出甲烷

325
00:41:58,640 --> 00:42:03,320
這種溫室氣體能讓氣候失衡

326
00:42:10,280 --> 00:42:15,640
跟二氧化碳相比
甲烷在大氣層吸收的熱多了80倍

327
00:42:16,840 --> 00:42:19,520
讓地下冰解凍得更快

328
00:42:22,520 --> 00:42:25,640
進而釋出更多甲烷

329
00:42:27,200 --> 00:42:31,280
引發惡性循環,溫度不斷升高

330
00:42:34,440 --> 00:42:36,760
這些多餘的熱有90%

331
00:42:38,240 --> 00:42:41,000
都會回到海洋

332
00:42:43,320 --> 00:42:45,760
使海洋催生更多颶風

333
00:42:46,680 --> 00:42:52,040
在某些地方引起更可怕的後果

334
00:42:54,600 --> 00:42:56,800
廢棄鑽油平臺的支架

335
00:42:57,320 --> 00:43:00,840
最適合當這隻小水螅的固定點

336
00:43:03,280 --> 00:43:05,000
從這個好位置...

337
00:43:07,160 --> 00:43:09,440
尋找新的棲地

338
00:43:10,920 --> 00:43:13,880
放下一隻複製後代

339
00:43:24,360 --> 00:43:29,440
一隻水螅在溫暖的海裡能在短期內

340
00:43:29,960 --> 00:43:31,880
創造出複製後代大軍

341
00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:45,920
不過這只是牠們拚命擴張的第一步

342
00:43:50,960 --> 00:43:55,640
短短幾週後,複製後代會開始變化

343
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:06,880
觸角會消失,身體變成迷你摩天大樓

344
00:44:31,360 --> 00:44:33,720
每隻複製後代都成了生產線

345
00:44:49,160 --> 00:44:51,320
嬰兒輸送帶

346
00:44:59,280 --> 00:45:01,360
海洋暖化,人類捕撈過度

347
00:45:01,360 --> 00:45:02,840
使掠食動物變少

348
00:45:03,640 --> 00:45:07,160
所以這些小水螅的存活數量打破紀錄

349
00:45:14,600 --> 00:45:17,680
牠們只要幾個禮拜就能成年

350
00:45:26,760 --> 00:45:29,200
變成水母

351
00:45:33,440 --> 00:45:37,040
就算氣候變遷讓海洋酸化

352
00:45:37,960 --> 00:45:42,480
但是牠們沒有外殼和骨骼
所以還是能忍受下去

353
00:45:48,440 --> 00:45:51,040
這就是地球最強的生存專家

354
00:45:59,480 --> 00:46:05,040
這些簡單的凝膠狀生物
最後會生出更多水螅

355
00:46:05,840 --> 00:46:10,400
每隻水螅都能創造複製後代大軍

356
00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:12,480
高達數百萬之譜

357
00:46:22,320 --> 00:46:25,400
不斷變動的海洋現在更目睹了

358
00:46:25,920 --> 00:46:32,280
某些科學家所謂的“黏稠怪崛起”現象

359
00:46:35,960 --> 00:46:37,240
水母大海

360
00:46:38,840 --> 00:46:40,480
老鼠大軍

361
00:46:41,480 --> 00:46:43,280
大群昆蟲

362
00:46:45,800 --> 00:46:51,160
這些都在警告我們
大自然的網路已經到了臨界點

363
00:46:55,960 --> 00:47:00,280
我們都要開始受到連鎖反應的影響

364
00:47:06,360 --> 00:47:11,880
但是我們還能讓生病的地球恢復健康

365
00:47:16,480 --> 00:47:21,000
我們和美麗的生物共享一個家園

366
00:47:22,800 --> 00:47:25,560
這些生物只要能養家活口

367
00:47:27,920 --> 00:47:29,680
拯救孩子

368
00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:32,920
保護自己的家

369
00:47:34,160 --> 00:47:37,120
就能讓大自然的網路復原

370
00:47:39,400 --> 00:47:42,600
這正是生物世界最好的特效藥

371
00:47:44,560 --> 00:47:47,440
我們的未來,掌握在牠們手裡

372
00:49:44,840 --> 00:49:49,840
字幕翻譯:溫鳳祺