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Downloaded from
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Official YIFY movies site:
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Gosh. OK...

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I'm glad this isn't live. (CHUCKLES)

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I'm, like, so not on today.

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INTERVIEWER: Can you just say
your name and pronounce it

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so nobody messes it up?
Sure, It's Mark Zuckerberg.

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How would you like to be identified?
Your title?

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Founder and CEO?

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I was a sophomore at Harvard
and we needed to- I guess...

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I've never really been asked
how the company was started before.

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(LAUGHTER)

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How does how did Facebook start?

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Um, now I'm all embarrassed.

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I was there,
right from the beginning,

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and Mark always carried himself
in a way that showed confidence.

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You launched Facebook
- in your dorm room?
- Yeah.

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Have a 10 million dollar cheque
in your pocket

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probably does that to you.

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Facebook is like the world's
largest media company in history.

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And one person, Mark Zuckerberg,
is its dictator.

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When I first joined, the founders
is on the cover of Time magazine,

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movies were being made,
and now you are being told

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you destroyed democracy.

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And then his worst nightmare,
the threat of regulation.

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Congress says they are going to
call for his head,

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they summon him, then he appears.

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REPORTER: Today could be
the biggest day

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of Mark Zuckerberg's entire career.

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The Facebook CEO is set to testify
before Congress this afternoon

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for the very first time.

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REPORTER: The lines out of the door,
Julia, I mean, it's insane.

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Its definitely very crowded,
it's our understanding

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that he arrived through the garage,
then an elevator upstairs

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and he avoided all of the cameras
that where trying to stake him out.

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REPORTER: The stakes couldn't be
any higher for Zuckerberg

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after revelations
that the personal data

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of as many as 87 million users
was improperly obtained.

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REPORTER: Facebook really is
facing a crisis of trust.

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Mark, why hasn't anyone been
fired over this scandal?

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Mr Zuckerberg, is there
any regulation?

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Are you putting privacy
over profits now?

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SENATOR: Mr Zuckerberg...
are you too powerful?

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Do you think you're too powerful?

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Today's hearing is extraordinary,

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but then Facebook
is pretty extraordinary.

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We're here because of what you,
Mr Zuckerberg,

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have described as a breach of trust.

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As you said, "This is not likely
to be an isolated incident.

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We are listening,
America is listening,

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and quite possibly,
the world is listening too.

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My top priority has always been
our social mission

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of connecting people, building
community

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and bringing the world
closer together.

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We have faced a number of important
issues around privacy,

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safety and democracy,

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before I talk about the steps we are
taking to address them,

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I want to talk about how we got here.

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Facebook is an idealistic and
optimistic company,

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for most of our existence...
(SPEECH FADES, STOPS)

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You know, I was a tech journalist
for Fortune magazine.

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A PR person called me and said,

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"You know, Mark Zuckerberg is
coming to New York.

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Would you like to meet him?

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My first instinct was, "Oh, this is
ridiculous. I'm wasting my time.

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This is a baby." He was so young.

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I never had interviewed
someone that young before.

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But as soon as he started talking,
I settled down fast

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because he spoke with some of
the most visionary language

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that I had experienced
talking to anyone ever.

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I was sitting there talking to him
and said, "You know, I was thinking,

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maybe I should write a book
about your company."

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And he says, "Go for it."

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And I was like, "Holy shit, he
actually wants to cooperate."

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And that was too good of an
opportunity to pass up.

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He was one of four children.

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The only boy and his mother
called him the Prince.

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He was anointed even
within the family, in other words,

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and that shaped his worldview
tremendously.

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He went to one of the most
elite prep schools and thrived

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and triumphed there. And then,
of course, he got into Harvard.

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You know, Harvard is an anointment.

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You're feeling you have
unlimited possibilities.

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He really wanted to be noticed.

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He wanted to be the smartest kid on
campus. But Harvard is full of kids

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who were always the smartest kids
in their school.

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And so Mark Zuckerberg had to
find a way to get noticed.

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And he did that.

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Chair recognises the gentleman from
Missouri, Mr Long for 4 minutes.

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Thank you, Mr Chairman.
One question I would like to ask is,

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what was Facemash?
And is it still up and running?

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No congressman, Facesmash was
a prank website that I launched

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in college, in my dorm room.

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It's on page one, November 4 2003.

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"Hot or Not?
Website briefly judges looks."

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Which is a good headline.

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"Zuckerberg wrote a journal
published on the site itself,

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he wrote 'I need something to occupy
my mind, I just need an idea.'"

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It sort of spread across campus
that there were these rankings

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of the hottest students on
campus on Facemash.

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And everyone wanted to see the top
five hottest guys

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and the top five hottest girls.
And it was a unifying campus event.

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Everyone heard about it very
quickly all at once.

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And it was all we were
talking about.

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KIRKPATRICK: It was something he
just did for the fun, and then

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it got a little out of hand because
people liked it so much.

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It was sexist, it was juvenile.

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It did get him in trouble.

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I don't think he would have
probably been expelled,

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but he was called before
the disciplinary authorities
at the school.

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And that made him a celebrated
figure on campus.

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By the time he launched Facebook, he
was already like a famous innovator.

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So people wanted to know
what he was gonna do next.

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So, one night in February of 2004,
I'm sitting in my dorm room,

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and my roommate comes in,
and she shows me on the screen,

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this very rudimentary template where
your uploading a photo of yourself

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and sort of answering a few basic
biographical details

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and it's called The Facebook.

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REPORTER: What is
The Facebook exactly?

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You sign on, you make a profile about
yourself by answering some questions,

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entering some information
phone numbers, interests,

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what books you like, movies, and most
importantly, who your friends are.

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Then you can browse around

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and just find some interesting
information about people.

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It was definitely
romantically-charged.

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If you decided you like someone

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and you wanted to learn
more about them at the time,

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you had very few options.

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Relationship status, women would put

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that they were married
to their best friends.

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'It's complicated', I think
was also one that was popular.

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I do remember some of the questions
that were on the Facebook template

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included political views, everyone
put 'very liberal'.

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Favourite quote, people would put
earnest quotes.

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It was earnest.
It wasn't ironic at the time.

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I just threw it together
one week in January.

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This was in your dorm room?
Yeah.

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You launched Facebook
- in your dorm room?
- Yeah.

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I was the 60th user. It must have
been only a couple of hours

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after he made it go live,
but then very shortly after that,

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everyone on campus was on it.

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In one email exchange,
he was kind of joking.

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"Wow, all these people are
submitting their stuff,

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all these photos, they're so dumb,
they just give me their data.

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They don't understand how
precious data is."

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"Ha-ha, dumb fucks."

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Mark understands
when he's very young,

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that private data
on people can be used.

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He doesn't know how,
when he's in his early twenties,

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he has a certain voyeuristic
approach to the data.

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"I want to collect data
for data sake,"

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but initially it's just
it feels like power.

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Data feels like power to him.

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SENATOR: Thank you, Mr Chairman,
I want to follow up on the questions

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around the terms of service.

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Your terms of service are about
3,200 words with 30 links.

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One of the links
is to your data policy,

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which is about 2,700 words
with 22 links.

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And I think the point
has been well made that

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people really have no earthly idea
what they're signing up for

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but I'm wondering if you can explain
to the billions of users,

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in plain language,
what are they signing up for?

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Silicon Valley was
the mecca of software

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and innovation and technology.

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Amazon-dot-com, this is Lance.

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Money was being poured into
software companies

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and internet companies and it was
seen as, sort of,

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the promised land of capitalism.

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This is definitely very cool.
I like it a lot.

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Just three years ago I was sleeping
on the office floor

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and now, obviously, I've got
a million dollar car

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and quite a few creature comforts.

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And Zuckerberg was very impressed
by that, that's for sure.

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We had this feeling like,
OK, all these great companies

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come from Silicon Valley. Wouldn't it
be cool to spend a summer out there?

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Get that experience, but we expected
to go back to Harvard in the fall.

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The thing that made it so that
we didn't

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was that Harvard
has this great policy

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that lets you take as much
time off as you want.

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So in the summer of 2004,
he rented a house

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and took a bunch of
his Harvard chums out there,

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and they started programming
Facebook from Palo Alto.

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CHAFKIN: You know, the Internet,
kind of by definition,

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is sort of a lawless place,
particularly back then.

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REPORTER: Today the US Court of
Appeals ruled that Napster

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is infringing on copyrighted music,

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in essence,
letting its users steal songs.

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It's kind of, probably,
no coincidence

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that this sort of wild forum
would start in California,

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in the original Wild West.

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At the time,
Silicon Valley companies

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were pushing
the regulatory envelope.

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They were doing things
that in various ways

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seemed unacceptable and doing it
with almost no consequences.

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Silicon Valley
and the ethos of Silicon Valley

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couldn't have been more perfectly
suited for Mark Zuckerberg

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if he had drawn it up himself.

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Because here you have this idea
that there are disruptors of society

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who are smarter than everyone else,

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and they should be given money.

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They should be given power because
they can create a technology

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that will disrupt the whole world.

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BALOUN: The life
of my profile pictures.

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That's my mom. We're in Lake Cuomo.

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I'm just amazed at how many photos
I have on Facebook

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and how they're all...
relentlessly optimistic.

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I think it's just a celebration
of my life actually.

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This wouldn't be bad
on my gravestone. (CHUCKLES)

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00:13:02,360 --> 00:13:04,960
Because this is actually
what I'd like to be remembered as.

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00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:07,680
I'm Karel Baloun,

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00:13:07,720 --> 00:13:11,040
I was Mark Zuckerberg's first
senior engineer at Facebook.

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00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:15,080
I have a master's in Social Psych,

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00:13:15,120 --> 00:13:18,240
so just the idea of connecting
people was really tremendous.

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00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:21,760
I had been an engineer in Silicon
Valley for seven or eight years,

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00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:24,240
and all of that
was in corporations.

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00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:26,760
So I was ready for a start up.

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00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:29,960
(INDISTINCT CHATTER)

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00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:31,800
Alright, what's the safety word?

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It was the office
above the Chinese restaurant

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00:13:34,280 --> 00:13:36,320
with the graffiti on the wall.

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ALL: One, two, three,
four, five, six...

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The office was very Spartan.

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00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:46,200
There were IKEA tables.

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We assembled our own chairs
the first day.

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ALL: ..eleven, twelve, thirteen.
Wow! (LAUGHTER)

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00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:55,280
The amount of energy and confidence
in that room was astounding.

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00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:58,640
You could see Mark coding in
the corner on the floor sometimes.

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00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:01,040
He would just-
Instead of sitting at the table,

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00:14:01,080 --> 00:14:04,560
he would just lie down on the floor
with his laptop, flip flops up.

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00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:08,280
And Mark Zuckerberg's handle
is 'Zuck'.

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00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:10,360
It was a term of endearment.

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00:14:10,400 --> 00:14:12,400
We were all that close.

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00:14:14,920 --> 00:14:17,680
The way that I can be unique is
by revelling

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00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:20,360
and being young
and just being a little crazy.

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00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:23,840
So, for example, there's this
feature called 'poking'

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where you just go to someone's
profile and you can poke the person

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and like, what does that do?
Nothing. It sends them a message.

238
00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:32,040
It's like, "You've been poked",
you know? Like, who cares?

239
00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:34,920
It's like, I thought about it when
I was drunk or something, you know?

240
00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:37,880
And like people really like poking
each other for some reason.

241
00:14:37,920 --> 00:14:40,080
I don't think anyone
can really explain.

242
00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:45,600
Mark has a consistent vision that
is very clearly articulated

243
00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:48,720
for everyone to understand.
He wants to connect people.

244
00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:51,200
That was the supreme novel idea.

245
00:14:51,240 --> 00:14:53,920
Was that we are engaging
on things together

246
00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:57,360
and it's bringing people together.

247
00:15:01,480 --> 00:15:04,560
I've been covering tech since 2015.

248
00:15:04,600 --> 00:15:07,800
Somewhere within, almost every story

249
00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:11,080
in Silicon Valley
that I've come across...

250
00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:16,680
...Peter Thiel has been pretty
much inside, behind, around.

251
00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:20,040
He's one of the key power brokers.

252
00:15:20,080 --> 00:15:23,440
He's started a company
called PayPal with Elon Musk

253
00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:26,640
and from there, built this empire.

254
00:15:26,680 --> 00:15:30,920
The government is so-
is so fundamentally evil,

255
00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:34,560
that to deny the evil nature
of the government

256
00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:37,640
is equal to denying
the existence of the devil.

257
00:15:37,680 --> 00:15:40,600
Kind of what makes Thiel
interesting and special

258
00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:44,440
is that he's not just a money guy,
he's sort of an influence guy.

259
00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:48,640
Technology is this incredible
alternative to politics

260
00:15:48,680 --> 00:15:52,160
and the task in this world where
politics has become so broken

261
00:15:52,200 --> 00:15:55,920
and so dysfunctional
is to find a way to escape from it.

262
00:15:55,960 --> 00:16:00,320
Most of his beliefs boil down to an
idea that billionaires,

263
00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:02,840
in particular tech billionaires,

264
00:16:02,880 --> 00:16:06,960
should be afforded maximum freedom
to run the world.

265
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:11,360
The initial founding vision was
that we were going to use technology

266
00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:14,280
to overturn the monetary system
of the world.

267
00:16:16,200 --> 00:16:19,680
It's really easy to see
why he liked Mark Zuckerberg.

268
00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:24,240
He had been sort of, you know,
a bad boy of campus.

269
00:16:24,280 --> 00:16:26,960
He was kind of like pushing
the bounds of what was acceptable

270
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,560
and what was normal.

271
00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:33,800
And that is the kind of thing
that Peter Thiel absolutely loves.

272
00:16:33,840 --> 00:16:36,080
And you can kind of see why.

273
00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:39,000
Because those kind of rule-breakers
are the ones who are likely

274
00:16:39,040 --> 00:16:41,880
to, you know, find opportunities.

275
00:16:44,840 --> 00:16:49,480
KIRKPATRICK: Peter Thiel was the
first really serious businessperson

276
00:16:49,520 --> 00:16:53,960
to recognise the scale
of what this could become.

277
00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:57,400
Which is why he said, "OK,
I'll invest half a million

278
00:16:57,440 --> 00:16:59,440
for 10% of the company."

279
00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:03,760
And the parting words that Thiel
left them with,

280
00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:07,640
as they walked out of his office,
was, "Just don't fuck it up."

281
00:17:13,960 --> 00:17:18,520
Today, The Facebook has nearly 5
million users across 1,500 campuses.

282
00:17:18,560 --> 00:17:21,120
Joining me to talk about
the fast-growing company

283
00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:23,560
is the founder and CEO,
Mark Zuckerberg.

284
00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:26,160
Mark, thanks for joining us.
Thanks for having me.

285
00:17:26,200 --> 00:17:28,480
You received venture capital funding

286
00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:31,040
and received about $13 million.

287
00:17:31,080 --> 00:17:33,560
What was the pitch to VCs?

288
00:17:33,600 --> 00:17:36,320
Oh, we didn't do any pitch.
No?

289
00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:40,480
He looked very young...

290
00:17:40,520 --> 00:17:43,480
but he carried himself in a way
that showed confidence.

291
00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:46,400
You know, having a 10 million
dollar cheque in your pocket

292
00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:48,800
probably does that to you.

293
00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:53,520
THOMPSON: What I can say about
the early investors

294
00:17:53,560 --> 00:17:55,760
is they're all
hardcore capitalists.

295
00:17:55,800 --> 00:17:57,480
They're all big time Valley people.

296
00:17:57,520 --> 00:18:00,480
They'd much rather have a one in
a hundred chance

297
00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:02,560
of becoming a trillion-dollar company

298
00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:04,600
than a guaranteed
$10 billion company.

299
00:18:04,640 --> 00:18:06,800
So, they're going to want you to
take risks

300
00:18:06,840 --> 00:18:10,320
and they want you
to be extreme in what you do.

301
00:18:12,160 --> 00:18:16,400
Mark thought of himself as
a renegade leader of opposition

302
00:18:16,440 --> 00:18:19,400
to the established order,

303
00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:23,320
so he would sign his pages
of the service.

304
00:18:23,360 --> 00:18:26,440
Sometimes you'd find the phrase,

305
00:18:26,480 --> 00:18:29,400
'Founder, Master and Commander,
Enemy of the State.

306
00:18:31,360 --> 00:18:34,520
SENATOR: Thank you, Mr Zuckerberg,
for being here.

307
00:18:34,560 --> 00:18:38,960
I note up, until 2014,
the mantra or motto of Facebook

308
00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:42,040
was "move fast and break things".

309
00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:43,920
Is that correct?

310
00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:47,000
I don't know when we changed it,
but the mantra is currently

311
00:18:47,040 --> 00:18:49,360
"move fast with
stable infrastructure",

312
00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:51,880
which is a much less sexy mantra.

313
00:18:51,920 --> 00:18:54,720
Sounds much more boring.
But my question is,

314
00:18:54,760 --> 00:18:58,040
during the time
it was Facebook's mantra,

315
00:18:58,080 --> 00:19:01,120
do you think some of the...
misjudgements

316
00:19:01,160 --> 00:19:04,120
were as a result of that
culture or that attitude?

317
00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:11,200
CHAFKIN: Where Thiel
influenced Zuckerberg

318
00:19:11,240 --> 00:19:15,680
was in this idea of
'move fast and break things'.

319
00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:22,880
Growing like as big as you
can, as fast as you can,

320
00:19:22,920 --> 00:19:25,160
that is the Peter Thiel approach.

321
00:19:25,200 --> 00:19:27,720
Push the gas as hard as you can,

322
00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:31,120
spend as much money as possible on
anything you can do to grow,

323
00:19:31,160 --> 00:19:34,040
to ensure that you have
absolute network dominance.

324
00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:39,560
Every day we would code and push
that immediately to the site.

325
00:19:39,600 --> 00:19:42,960
Then it would hit the site and we
would see whether it worked or not.

326
00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:46,960
And if there was a bug, we might
roll back what was on the site.

327
00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:49,560
Or we might just push
a patch right over it.

328
00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:52,400
And there was very little
safety or control.

329
00:19:53,360 --> 00:19:56,000
FRENKEL: There's a video
of Mark Zuckerberg

330
00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:59,720
where he goes back to Harvard
and he essentially tells students

331
00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:02,480
that they should buck
the system the way he did.

332
00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:05,360
I think it's more useful to, like,
make things happen

333
00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:07,280
and then apologise later

334
00:20:07,320 --> 00:20:09,920
than it is to make sure
that you dot all your I's now

335
00:20:09,960 --> 00:20:12,320
and then, like
just not get stepped on.

336
00:20:12,360 --> 00:20:15,520
He loved playing strategy games
from a young age

337
00:20:15,560 --> 00:20:18,040
and winning in everything he did

338
00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:22,480
has always been a high priority
for him. Dominating, succeeding.

339
00:20:22,520 --> 00:20:26,600
He used to end every meeting at
the company by shouting,

340
00:20:26,640 --> 00:20:29,680
"Domination!" That was like his,
sort of, catch phrase

341
00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:32,200
that he ended meetings with.
And you know,

342
00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:35,560
that reflects a lot about
his personality, his goals.

343
00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:38,120
He wanted to dominate,
and he wanted to win.

344
00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:52,480
FRENKEL: Mark Zuckerberg needs
to distinguish his company

345
00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:55,120
from other social media
companies at the time.

346
00:20:55,160 --> 00:20:59,320
Because even though he's incredibly
popular among college students,

347
00:20:59,360 --> 00:21:01,560
he still has competition.

348
00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:04,160
There's MySpace, there's Friendster.

349
00:21:05,080 --> 00:21:08,240
And he very quickly
understands that...

350
00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:13,160
by making decisions as
a company about what people see,

351
00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:15,640
he can create
a revolutionary product.

352
00:21:22,360 --> 00:21:26,000
What Mark did was really use
the first algorithmic device

353
00:21:26,040 --> 00:21:28,640
that would rank what you saw.

354
00:21:28,680 --> 00:21:30,240
It made decisions for you.

355
00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:32,520
KIRKPATRICK: People competed
with each other

356
00:21:32,560 --> 00:21:34,880
to have the most Facebook friends.

357
00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:37,360
"You have 100 friends?
I have 200 friends."

358
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:39,480
Or 2,000, or whatever.

359
00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:42,200
All of a sudden, they could see
everything about you

360
00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:45,560
and you could see everything about
them in a newly automated fashion.

361
00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:47,440
And many people didn't like that.

362
00:21:52,040 --> 00:21:56,360
They viewed that as an invasion
of privacy and it was a crisis.

363
00:21:58,960 --> 00:22:01,600
CHAFKIN: Over and over again
in the history of Facebook,

364
00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:06,160
the company would kind of go to a
place that was, like, a little edgy.

365
00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:11,600
They just sort of violated
everyone's privacy without asking.

366
00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:16,600
Facebook's approach for most of
its history was to, you know,

367
00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:19,640
shoot first and ask questions later.

368
00:22:21,920 --> 00:22:25,520
BAROUN: He apologized publicly for
how he rolled it out

369
00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:29,200
or for poorly communicating
about this new feature.

370
00:22:29,240 --> 00:22:32,520
But the feature was going to be
there because it had real utility.

371
00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:38,440
FRENKEL: He wanted you to spend
hours scrolling your news feed,

372
00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:41,800
getting this constant sort of
stream of data about people you knew

373
00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:44,200
and people you were interested in.

374
00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:48,720
REPORTER: Students looking at
Facebook average 18 minutes a day,

375
00:22:48,760 --> 00:22:51,720
and that fact has rocketed the
company's value

376
00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:55,040
into the hundreds of millions
of dollars, maybe more.

377
00:22:56,080 --> 00:22:59,320
KIRKPATRICK: The company was just
growing like crazy at that time.

378
00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:08,160
I got a phone call from an
executive at Facebook

379
00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:11,000
that I barely knew, and he said,

380
00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:14,360
"My boss is facing a crisis

381
00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:17,400
and he needs advice

382
00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:20,040
from somebody who really
understands Silicon Valley.

383
00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:22,280
Would you take a meeting
with Mark Zuckerberg?"

384
00:23:23,160 --> 00:23:27,480
And so Mark Zuckerberg
came to my office

385
00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:30,320
and he looked just
like Mark Zuckerberg. I mean,

386
00:23:30,360 --> 00:23:32,840
the grey hoodie, the jeans.

387
00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:38,640
And he goes, "Yahoo! has offered
a billion dollars to buy Facebook.

388
00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:42,080
And everybody I know,
including my parents,

389
00:23:42,120 --> 00:23:44,480
has told me to take the money."

390
00:23:44,520 --> 00:23:46,800
So I looked at Mark and I said,

391
00:23:46,840 --> 00:23:49,000
"Well, there's only one
that question matters.

392
00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:51,840
What do you want?
Do you want to sell the company?"

393
00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:58,360
BAROUN: He refused, famously,
to sell Facebook to Yahoo!

394
00:23:58,400 --> 00:24:02,640
for a billion dollars
and everybody was against him.

395
00:24:02,680 --> 00:24:05,040
It's a lot of money
for all of us, right?

396
00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:07,200
None of us were
independently wealthy.

397
00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:09,920
He was saying,
this is a valuable idea

398
00:24:09,960 --> 00:24:12,720
and I can execute it
better than Yahoo!

399
00:24:12,760 --> 00:24:15,760
That type of confidence
and fearlessness...

400
00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:19,560
...when even technical obstacles
are daunting.

401
00:24:20,440 --> 00:24:22,360
Well, it's courage.

402
00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:26,080
If they'd sold to Yahoo!
at a billion,

403
00:24:26,120 --> 00:24:29,760
they would all be quite rich, but
they were going to be really rich.

404
00:24:31,120 --> 00:24:34,560
More and more press attention
from people even like myself,

405
00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:36,960
was, you know, flattering them

406
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:39,440
and making them feel
the centre of the universe.

407
00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:42,720
And they were like, "Yeah,
we are really the cool ones."

408
00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:45,560
INTERVIEWER: Let's talk about
business. There are reports

409
00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:47,760
that this company is still not
breaking even.

410
00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:52,320
And what shocked me when I read
that was with 175 million customers,

411
00:24:52,360 --> 00:24:55,160
how can any business not make money?

412
00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:57,280
What's the explanation for that?

413
00:24:58,240 --> 00:25:01,440
Zuckerberg was still living on
a mattress on the floor,

414
00:25:01,480 --> 00:25:03,880
you know, hardly ever
even going home

415
00:25:03,920 --> 00:25:06,720
because he was just working
around the clock.

416
00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:09,080
He cared very little about
anything else

417
00:25:09,120 --> 00:25:11,880
other than user growth
and user engagement.

418
00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:19,480
Well after Facebook had been
going for...

419
00:25:19,520 --> 00:25:22,080
three years or so,

420
00:25:22,120 --> 00:25:25,840
the investors were
increasingly determined that

421
00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:29,040
somebody had to figure out how to
make a lot of money out of this

422
00:25:29,080 --> 00:25:31,920
tremendous cultural
and community success.

423
00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:35,040
Oh, wow. That's awesome.
How are you?

424
00:25:35,080 --> 00:25:38,200
REPORTER: Sheryl Sandberg is
an unlikely revolutionary.

425
00:25:38,240 --> 00:25:42,040
At 43, she is one of the few women
at the top of corporate America.

426
00:25:42,080 --> 00:25:44,800
Sheryl changed everything.

427
00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:47,280
She was a practice business leader

428
00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:51,440
who had, in many ways, built
the advertising business at Google.

429
00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:53,280
Panama hats.

430
00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:55,800
Let's say I was looking for Panama
hats today. Here I go.

431
00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:59,160
Panama Hats Direct,
a very specific search,

432
00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:01,360
looking for a very specific product.

433
00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:04,000
And the advertiser
is able to find me

434
00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:05,800
and I'm looking for that product.

435
00:26:05,840 --> 00:26:08,680
There is a crucial, crucial moment
in the evolution of Facebook.

436
00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:12,040
Sheryl Sandberg comes on board
and is given the mandate,

437
00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:14,080
'figure out how this
thing can make money.'

438
00:26:14,120 --> 00:26:17,280
We just literally had dinner
at my house

439
00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:19,160
and Mark would say,
sometimes, you know,

440
00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:22,440
"I'm so sorry, I can't
invite you over for dinner."

441
00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:25,120
But at the time, he only had
like a one room apartment.

442
00:26:25,160 --> 00:26:27,920
He never had any furniture,
make it a futon.

443
00:26:27,960 --> 00:26:30,920
He thought that would be awkward,
which it would have been.

444
00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:32,800
(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE)

445
00:26:32,840 --> 00:26:34,560
Thank you all.

446
00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:38,040
There are lots of choices that
she and they could have made.

447
00:26:38,080 --> 00:26:41,080
And they made a choice to sell
targeted advertising

448
00:26:41,120 --> 00:26:43,280
based on individual's data.

449
00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:47,760
The thing about Facebook
that was so unique

450
00:26:47,800 --> 00:26:51,360
was it had a whole lot of data
that you had voluntarily provided,

451
00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:53,760
where you lived, how old you were,

452
00:26:53,800 --> 00:26:57,240
whether you were in a relationship,
what your interests are.

453
00:26:57,280 --> 00:27:00,120
These are invaluable
pieces of information

454
00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:02,320
for people trying to sell ads.

455
00:27:02,360 --> 00:27:04,800
BAROUN: People were
uploading photos,

456
00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:08,640
people were posting status updates
to their feed.

457
00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:11,160
But it was really about what's
going on in my mind right now.

458
00:27:12,520 --> 00:27:15,000
The prompt is still the same.
What's on your mind?

459
00:27:15,040 --> 00:27:17,720
But people are really using it
in real time

460
00:27:17,760 --> 00:27:19,640
to say what was on their mind.

461
00:27:19,680 --> 00:27:24,240
Sheryl Sandberg realised that
a system with that many users

462
00:27:24,280 --> 00:27:27,520
was going to be a huge opportunity
for advertising.

463
00:27:29,120 --> 00:27:32,080
And from the time she arrived,

464
00:27:32,120 --> 00:27:33,880
they started making more money.

465
00:27:38,840 --> 00:27:40,880
INTERVIEWER: Are you Facebook
friends with Mark?

466
00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:44,440
Yes. Yeah, I have been since
the beginning.

467
00:27:44,480 --> 00:27:46,560
He just posted he's going
to have another baby.

468
00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:48,920
And so I liked the fact that
he's having another baby,

469
00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:51,440
wished him a Happy New Year
at the beginning of this year.

470
00:27:51,480 --> 00:27:54,760
And he liked back in my comment,
wishing him a happy New Year.

471
00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:58,480
I found myself in the mid-2000's

472
00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:00,960
working at a company called Cisco

473
00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:02,680
and Facebook came
knocking on my door.

474
00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:06,080
(PHONE RINGING) Good afternoon,
Facebook how may I help you?

475
00:28:06,120 --> 00:28:08,800
When I arrived. Wow. It was chaotic.

476
00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:18,880
I just found these really smart,

477
00:28:18,920 --> 00:28:22,120
really high energy people
bouncing around.

478
00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:31,440
In those, sort of, early 20-tens,

479
00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:34,720
if you worked for Facebook,
everyone was fascinated by it.

480
00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:38,960
You did feel like, in a sense,
an ambassador

481
00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:43,040
for this amazing force that was
potentially gonna change the world.

482
00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:46,160
Um... I'm sorry. I'm kind of nervous.

483
00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:48,400
We have the President of
the United States here.

484
00:28:48,440 --> 00:28:50,680
(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE)

485
00:28:56,960 --> 00:28:59,240
My name is Barack Obama

486
00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:03,040
and I'm the guy who got Mark to
wear a jacket and tie.

487
00:29:03,080 --> 00:29:05,080
(LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE)

488
00:29:05,120 --> 00:29:07,280
Thank you.

489
00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:10,040
And, in fact, if you'd like,
Mark, we can take our jackets off.

490
00:29:10,080 --> 00:29:12,080
That's good.

491
00:29:13,840 --> 00:29:18,040
Part of what...
makes for a healthy democracy

492
00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:21,840
is when you've got citizens who
are informed, who are engaged.

493
00:29:21,880 --> 00:29:25,520
And what Facebook allows us to do

494
00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:27,800
is make sure this isn't
just a one-way conversation.

495
00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:31,480
Well, it was widely said
at the time of Obama's election

496
00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:33,680
that one of the ways he won

497
00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:36,480
was by so effectively campaigning
on Facebook.

498
00:29:36,520 --> 00:29:39,080
Who is Barack Obama?

499
00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:42,720
The answer is right there on
my Facebook page.

500
00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:46,760
That was a deeply impressive
to Zuckerberg

501
00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:49,320
and made him feel pretty puffed up.
I'd say, yeah.

502
00:29:49,360 --> 00:29:52,800
"Hey, we helped get the president
elected." That was very heady.

503
00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:54,920
Hi, this is Lady Gaga.

504
00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:58,200
And I'm saying hello to all
of my little monsters on Facebook.

505
00:29:58,240 --> 00:30:00,280
I love you guys so much.

506
00:30:01,640 --> 00:30:04,200
CHAFKIN: You know, this clip,
Lady Gaga shows back then,

507
00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:06,240
Facebook was unambiguously cool.

508
00:30:08,120 --> 00:30:11,360
REPORTER: Here is what
Time magazine said in 2010

509
00:30:11,400 --> 00:30:13,640
when it named Zuckerberg
'Person of the Year',

510
00:30:13,680 --> 00:30:17,560
quote, "In less than seven years,
Zuckerberg wired together

511
00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:20,800
a 12th of humanity into
a single network,

512
00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:24,480
thereby creating a social entity
almost twice as large

513
00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:27,920
as the United States,
worth more than $80 billion.

514
00:30:27,960 --> 00:30:31,080
It has turned into something that
has changed the way human beings

515
00:30:31,120 --> 00:30:33,840
relate to one another on
a species-wide scale.

516
00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:39,360
Anybody. Literally anybody
with no technical skills

517
00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:44,280
had the power of the mainstream
media outlet and in their hands.

518
00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:46,200
REPORTER: Mark Zuckerberg says

519
00:30:46,240 --> 00:30:49,960
Facebook's almost guaranteed to
reach the 1 billion user mark.

520
00:30:51,280 --> 00:30:53,160
We were empowering people,

521
00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:55,680
people who previously
have been disempowered

522
00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:58,680
and that was a noble mission,
and we were all signed up for that.

523
00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:01,080
And that's what got you
out of bed in the morning,

524
00:31:01,120 --> 00:31:05,360
was putting the power of a major
communication platform

525
00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:07,400
into the hands of
an ordinary person,

526
00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:10,000
wherever they were
in the world, at no cost.

527
00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:26,080
Back in 2010, we had some Arabic
speakers already in the team

528
00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:29,440
who were looking at content
and they flagged the fact

529
00:31:29,480 --> 00:31:31,840
they were seeing interesting stuff.

530
00:31:31,880 --> 00:31:34,520
(INDISTINCT ARABIC SHOUTS)

531
00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:40,080
In particular,
there was an Egyptian page

532
00:31:40,120 --> 00:31:42,920
calling for a massive demonstration.

533
00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:45,080
Did you plan a revolution?

534
00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:47,840
Yeah, we did.

535
00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:54,560
Here were all these people in
countries like Tunisia,

536
00:31:54,600 --> 00:31:56,960
Syria and Egypt

537
00:31:57,000 --> 00:32:00,960
who could create their own
alternative media

538
00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:05,840
in opposition to a state that
control the media

539
00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:08,840
to within an inch of its life
and allowed them no space.

540
00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:13,120
They created the revolution, not us.

541
00:32:13,160 --> 00:32:15,880
We weren't there on the barricades,

542
00:32:15,920 --> 00:32:19,000
but we had given them a media tool.

543
00:32:19,040 --> 00:32:22,160
First Tunisia, now Egypt.
What's next?

544
00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:24,240
At Facebook.

545
00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:27,160
Facebook? You're giving Facebook
a lot of credit for this.

546
00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:29,960
Yeah, for sure.

547
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:33,440
I want to meet Mark Zuckerberg
one day and thank him, actually.

548
00:32:33,480 --> 00:32:36,160
(ALL SINGING IN ARABIC)

549
00:32:39,360 --> 00:32:42,120
An Arab Spring was the point
at which, I think,

550
00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:43,920
a lot of the world
woke up to the fact

551
00:32:43,960 --> 00:32:45,960
this wasn't a platform for kids.

552
00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:48,920
It was actually influential
and potentially world-changing.

553
00:32:48,960 --> 00:32:51,080
And Mark was feted.

554
00:32:51,120 --> 00:32:53,520
I would go and see government
ministers in Europe

555
00:32:53,560 --> 00:32:56,120
who previously had not been
particularly interested

556
00:32:56,160 --> 00:32:58,880
who was suddenly going, "Oh,
you know, this Facebook thing,

557
00:32:58,920 --> 00:33:01,440
actually I want to know about it.
It is interesting.

558
00:33:01,480 --> 00:33:05,320
I want to meet Mark Zuckerberg."
Because now politicians

559
00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:07,920
see the platform
as politically powerful.

560
00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:11,160
And there was a glow for
a period of time after that.

561
00:33:13,360 --> 00:33:16,560
REPORTER: Today, an astronomical
benchmark

562
00:33:16,600 --> 00:33:21,240
as Facebook officially announces
it now has 1 billion users,

563
00:33:21,280 --> 00:33:23,760
one seventh of the
world's population.

564
00:33:34,360 --> 00:33:36,480
I joined a month
after the Arab Spring.

565
00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:41,680
I knew that they had made me the
offer on Valentine's Day of 2011.

566
00:33:41,720 --> 00:33:44,280
And so I posted, "I'm excited
that I'll be joining

567
00:33:44,320 --> 00:33:46,480
the Facebook DC team very soon."

568
00:33:46,520 --> 00:33:49,800
In all honesty, I'm having a lot of
feelings kind of flood back

569
00:33:49,840 --> 00:33:51,680
of what that felt like on that first
day,

570
00:33:51,720 --> 00:33:53,920
walking through the doors,
having no idea

571
00:33:53,960 --> 00:33:56,600
what the next ten years were going
to have in store for me.

572
00:33:59,920 --> 00:34:03,080
In 2011-ish, 2012,

573
00:34:03,120 --> 00:34:07,440
Facebook moved to the old
Sun Microsystems campus.

574
00:34:10,200 --> 00:34:14,360
Sun Microsystems was a very
prominent company in Silicon Valley

575
00:34:14,400 --> 00:34:17,960
and ended up going under.

576
00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:24,680
Mark was very worried
about being out-innovated.

577
00:34:25,720 --> 00:34:29,200
You don't want to become Friendster.
You don't want to become MySpace.

578
00:34:29,240 --> 00:34:31,480
You had to keep moving.
You had to keep doing stuff,

579
00:34:31,520 --> 00:34:35,120
because if you didn't, someone
was going to run faster than you.

580
00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:39,960
Every day when you left, seeing
that Sun Microsystems logo

581
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:42,480
was meant to be a reminder.

582
00:34:42,520 --> 00:34:45,160
You could be this
big behemoth one day

583
00:34:45,200 --> 00:34:49,560
and tomorrow you could be having a
rummage sale to sell your desks.

584
00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:54,200
KIRKPATRICK: He did not want
competition

585
00:34:54,240 --> 00:34:56,480
in the social media industry.

586
00:34:56,520 --> 00:34:59,000
No business leader
likes competition.

587
00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:01,200
He always saw Facebook
as an industry in itself.

588
00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:07,200
FRENKEL: Mark has always been
a deeply competitive person.

589
00:35:10,280 --> 00:35:13,720
He didn't just want to be famous.
He wanted to be historic.

590
00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:18,720
CHAFKIN: Facebook is like the
largest media company in history,

591
00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:22,040
and one person, Mark Zuckerberg,
is its dictator.

592
00:35:23,360 --> 00:35:27,040
And that was set up early
on by Peter Thiel.

593
00:35:27,080 --> 00:35:30,680
Thiel was instrumental in creating
a situation where Zuckerberg

594
00:35:30,720 --> 00:35:34,280
had this kind of like,
controlling share in the company.

595
00:35:34,320 --> 00:35:36,200
He set Facebook up

596
00:35:36,240 --> 00:35:38,320
so that Zuckerberg could do
whatever he wants.

597
00:35:38,360 --> 00:35:41,440
Peter Thiel really backed
the idea of the 'founder-genius'.

598
00:35:41,480 --> 00:35:43,520
You founded this company.

599
00:35:43,560 --> 00:35:45,920
You came up with the idea
of a social network.

600
00:35:45,960 --> 00:35:48,960
You are the genius and you need
to be in control of this.

601
00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:51,240
You need to be calling
all the shots.

602
00:35:51,280 --> 00:35:53,760
To the degree that
we will structure your company

603
00:35:53,800 --> 00:35:55,800
so nobody can hold you accountable.

604
00:35:56,840 --> 00:36:00,720
That gave Zuckerberg essentially
complete control over this company,

605
00:36:00,760 --> 00:36:02,720
which continues to this day.

606
00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:07,280
Basically, Zuckerberg could do
whatever he wants.

607
00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:09,640
Facebook is buying Instagram.

608
00:36:09,680 --> 00:36:11,880
That's a popular
photo sharing service

609
00:36:11,920 --> 00:36:14,440
for $1 billion in cash and stock.

610
00:36:14,480 --> 00:36:17,720
Zuckerberg reportedly negotiated
the deal to acquire Instagram

611
00:36:17,760 --> 00:36:20,720
for a billion dollars without
alerting the board

612
00:36:20,760 --> 00:36:22,400
or consulting with the board.

613
00:36:22,440 --> 00:36:26,280
Instagram was tiny, but it was
growing very, very rapidly.

614
00:36:26,320 --> 00:36:29,120
It was obvious that it was cool

615
00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:32,040
and the cool people
were already using it,

616
00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:34,080
even though it only
had 30 million users.

617
00:36:34,120 --> 00:36:36,520
It had every major, you know,

618
00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:38,960
smart person in Silicon Valley
using it.

619
00:36:39,960 --> 00:36:42,880
He already knew that he was
a little behind the curve

620
00:36:42,920 --> 00:36:45,320
on adapting to the smartphone era

621
00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:48,920
because Facebook had been
built for the PC era,

622
00:36:48,960 --> 00:36:52,320
and Instagram was designed
for the mobile age.

623
00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:55,520
He was very concerned that if
he didn't buy Instagram,

624
00:36:55,560 --> 00:36:58,760
it would be a major competitive
problem for him.

625
00:37:01,360 --> 00:37:03,240
Everyone was convinced
that Zuckerberg

626
00:37:03,280 --> 00:37:06,360
spending a billion dollars
for Instagram was a sign that,

627
00:37:06,400 --> 00:37:09,480
you know, the world had gone crazy
because, like, how could a company

628
00:37:09,520 --> 00:37:12,640
with few dozen employees possibly
be worth a billion dollars?

629
00:37:12,680 --> 00:37:14,840
- What is that?
- I know!
(OVERLAPPING CHATTER)

630
00:37:15,760 --> 00:37:19,360
It's got 30 million users. Just like
a social media platform for photos?

631
00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:21,720
It's retro. Retro-
Can it make me look younger?

632
00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:24,560
ANNOUNCER: Give a hand to the
Instagram founders!

633
00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:28,360
The idea is to sell
your company to a company

634
00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:31,160
that's gonna be a rocket ship.
And I remember Mike and I talking

635
00:37:31,200 --> 00:37:35,720
about, like, do we believe that by
being part of this larger company,

636
00:37:35,760 --> 00:37:39,480
Instagram can reach an even higher
potential even more quickly?

637
00:37:39,520 --> 00:37:41,760
And that was the bet that we made.

638
00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:45,400
Facebook makes money by collecting
data on its users and selling ads.

639
00:37:46,360 --> 00:37:49,920
Instagram was important because you
were that much more likely

640
00:37:49,960 --> 00:37:52,120
to share photos
which showed things in them

641
00:37:52,160 --> 00:37:53,920
of what you might be interested in.

642
00:37:53,960 --> 00:37:56,640
And if you're trying to sell
somebody a product, be it a car

643
00:37:56,680 --> 00:38:00,400
or T-shirt, it could show where
you were in terms of income bracket.

644
00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:03,040
And so a lot of these things
would have been really lucrative

645
00:38:03,080 --> 00:38:04,760
for Mark Zuckerberg.

646
00:38:04,800 --> 00:38:07,480
REPORTER: There's a clue to the
potential financial attraction

647
00:38:07,520 --> 00:38:09,240
the moment you download Instagram.

648
00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:12,080
30 million worldwide
now have the app.

649
00:38:12,120 --> 00:38:14,720
Every one of them has handed over
their personal details,

650
00:38:14,760 --> 00:38:16,960
creating a bulging database,

651
00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:18,720
now the property of Facebook.

652
00:38:19,720 --> 00:38:22,880
CHAFKIN: The same with WhatsApp,
you know, paying billions of dollars

653
00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:25,840
for this messaging platform
that had almost no revenue.

654
00:38:27,640 --> 00:38:30,760
SENATOR: Mr Zuckerberg, would you
be comfortable sharing with us

655
00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:33,320
the name of the hotel you
stayed in last night?

656
00:38:33,360 --> 00:38:35,360
Um. (AWKWARD CHUCKLE)

657
00:38:37,840 --> 00:38:39,840
Uh, no.

658
00:38:41,880 --> 00:38:44,880
If you messaged anybody this week,

659
00:38:44,920 --> 00:38:48,200
would you share with us the names
of the people you messaged?

660
00:38:48,240 --> 00:38:51,800
Senator, no, I would probably not
choose to do that publicly here.

661
00:38:51,840 --> 00:38:54,080
I think that may be what
this is all about.

662
00:38:55,400 --> 00:38:57,280
Your right to privacy.

663
00:38:57,320 --> 00:38:59,520
The limits of your right to privacy

664
00:38:59,560 --> 00:39:02,640
and how much you give away
in modern America,

665
00:39:02,680 --> 00:39:06,080
in the name of, quote, "connecting
people around the world."

666
00:39:07,200 --> 00:39:09,760
Question, basically of...

667
00:39:09,800 --> 00:39:12,200
what information
Facebook is collecting,

668
00:39:12,240 --> 00:39:14,840
who they're sending it to,
and whether they ever asked me,

669
00:39:14,880 --> 00:39:17,320
in advance,
my permission to do that.

670
00:39:17,360 --> 00:39:20,440
Is that a fair thing for
a user of Facebook to expect?

671
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:28,280
The Zuckerberg Files came out of...
a project where I was thinking

672
00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:31,200
about how does Zuckerberg
talk about privacy?

673
00:39:31,240 --> 00:39:34,560
So I started collecting blog posts
and speeches or interviews

674
00:39:34,600 --> 00:39:36,520
that he gave around privacy

675
00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:39,520
and decided to build
a digital archive.

676
00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:41,840
And so we've created
the Zuckerberg Files

677
00:39:41,880 --> 00:39:45,000
and have been collecting every
single thing that he says in public.

678
00:39:45,040 --> 00:39:48,960
One of the earliest clips
that we have is a family video

679
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:51,040
of when Mark Zuckerberg received

680
00:39:51,080 --> 00:39:54,440
his acceptance letter
into Harvard University.

681
00:39:54,480 --> 00:39:58,280
One of his other first interviews
he gave to some filmmakers

682
00:39:58,320 --> 00:40:01,000
is him sitting on a couch
in shorts with a red cup,

683
00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:03,600
probably with beer in it,
and a T-shirt just hanging out

684
00:40:03,640 --> 00:40:05,440
and giving an interview.

685
00:40:05,480 --> 00:40:08,720
I mean, whether we have something
that will last for a long time

686
00:40:08,760 --> 00:40:10,840
or is this just, like,
kind of a cool toy

687
00:40:10,880 --> 00:40:13,120
for people to play with now?
We'll see.

688
00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:15,520
And that's one of the fun things
about the archive.

689
00:40:15,560 --> 00:40:19,000
We can see how he's kind of evolved
and how his image changes.

690
00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:22,280
And one of the moments when that
happened was an interview he gave

691
00:40:22,320 --> 00:40:25,280
where there were really hot lights,
some controversies going on,

692
00:40:25,320 --> 00:40:28,160
some really hard questions.
He was sweating onstage.

693
00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:31,040
INTERVIEWER: You want to take off
- the hoodie?
- Woah.

694
00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:33,920
Alright. That's OK.

695
00:40:33,960 --> 00:40:36,680
You could tell he was uncomfortable.
He took off his sweatshirt

696
00:40:36,720 --> 00:40:41,320
and inside of his sweatshirt is like
this kind of weird company logo.

697
00:40:41,360 --> 00:40:43,800
We print our mission on the inside.
What?

698
00:40:43,840 --> 00:40:45,640
What is it? "Making the..."

699
00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:47,840
Making the world
more open and connected.

700
00:40:47,880 --> 00:40:49,880
Oh, my God. It's like a secret cult.

701
00:40:49,920 --> 00:40:52,200
(LAUGHTER)

702
00:40:52,240 --> 00:40:55,160
And really, from that point on,
I think then they brought in

703
00:40:55,200 --> 00:40:57,600
the corporate communication
heavyweights,

704
00:40:57,640 --> 00:40:59,320
gave him some speech training.

705
00:40:59,360 --> 00:41:02,520
That's when we start seeing the jokes
about Zuckerberg as a robot.

706
00:41:02,560 --> 00:41:06,800
And, you know, and that there's this
kind of coldness to how he engages.

707
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:11,720
More recently, he's been posting
more about his family...

708
00:41:12,760 --> 00:41:16,080
...including now occasionally
pictures of his children.

709
00:41:16,120 --> 00:41:19,360
But interestingly, we rarely
see his children's faces.

710
00:41:19,400 --> 00:41:22,440
So, I'm assuming he wants
to make sure his kids faces

711
00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:25,200
don't get put online
for privacy reasons

712
00:41:25,240 --> 00:41:28,360
or any kind of face recognition
or for their own safety.

713
00:41:28,400 --> 00:41:31,200
But of course,
his platform has built tools

714
00:41:31,240 --> 00:41:33,240
to scan our pictures and our faces.

715
00:41:35,240 --> 00:41:38,720
So, he's taking these steps
to protect his family, you know,

716
00:41:38,760 --> 00:41:41,920
in ways that maybe many users
don't understand how they should be

717
00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:45,680
doing similar things to protect
their own privacy on his platform.

718
00:41:49,120 --> 00:41:51,920
Facebook, as I said, Josh, hitting
another new all time high today,

719
00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:54,720
above 70 bucks.
It just seems unstoppable.

720
00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:56,640
They like every move he makes, now.

721
00:41:56,680 --> 00:41:59,760
I don't know how much longer this
lasts, but for right now,

722
00:41:59,800 --> 00:42:02,440
it seems he can do no wrong, and the
stock price reflects that.

723
00:42:21,560 --> 00:42:23,760
(CROWD CHEERING)
(CAMERAS CLICKING)

724
00:42:24,760 --> 00:42:28,680
Ladies and gentlemen,
I am officially running...

725
00:42:31,040 --> 00:42:33,560
...for President
of the United States.

726
00:42:33,600 --> 00:42:36,760
HARBATH: When Trump first
came down that escalator...

727
00:42:36,800 --> 00:42:39,760
to announce that he was running
for president, myself,

728
00:42:39,800 --> 00:42:41,480
like a lot of others, was like,

729
00:42:41,520 --> 00:42:44,440
"This is probably not
going to last very long."

730
00:42:45,440 --> 00:42:48,920
I got an email one night
from Trump's PR that said...

731
00:42:48,960 --> 00:42:52,400
"Trump's thinking about running
for president. You want to help?"

732
00:42:52,440 --> 00:42:54,480
I was like, "Yeah, sure."

733
00:42:55,360 --> 00:42:57,560
I walk into this big room.

734
00:42:57,600 --> 00:42:59,440
So, I listened for an hour

735
00:42:59,480 --> 00:43:01,840
to a pitch of all this stuff
they're gonna do.

736
00:43:01,880 --> 00:43:04,160
And they asked what I think,
and I just said, "No."

737
00:43:04,200 --> 00:43:07,200
I just said, "We're going to do
something completely different."

738
00:43:07,240 --> 00:43:10,160
I said, "We're going to win
this thing on Facebook."

739
00:43:12,160 --> 00:43:15,120
I went home, and I focused all day,
every day,

740
00:43:15,160 --> 00:43:18,000
creating most of the content,
doing everything myself,

741
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:19,960
my laptop at home, just me.

742
00:43:20,760 --> 00:43:24,040
We need to talk directly to every
single person individually

743
00:43:24,080 --> 00:43:26,760
so that they can have
the proper understanding

744
00:43:26,800 --> 00:43:28,720
of who Donald Trump is
and what he wants to do.

745
00:43:30,160 --> 00:43:32,440
Voters have busy lives,
they're doing things,

746
00:43:32,480 --> 00:43:35,240
but they're on Facebook during
lunch. Facebook in the evenings.

747
00:43:35,280 --> 00:43:37,680
They're on Facebook in the restroom.

748
00:43:37,720 --> 00:43:41,600
So, you have these moments of time
where you can get into their brain.

749
00:43:41,640 --> 00:43:43,680
Facebook said,
"We'll give you a team.

750
00:43:43,720 --> 00:43:46,640
They can sit in your office all day
and ask them whatever you want.

751
00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:49,320
Anything breaks, they'll fix it,
if you spend this much money."

752
00:43:49,360 --> 00:43:51,000
I said, I'm going spend
$100 million."

753
00:43:51,040 --> 00:43:53,280
They're like, "Well, that's plenty."

754
00:43:54,520 --> 00:43:57,680
THOMPSON: Zuckerberg's ideology is
to 'bring the world together'.

755
00:43:57,720 --> 00:43:59,680
Donald Trump,
whether you like him or not,

756
00:43:59,720 --> 00:44:02,280
that is certainly not his ideology.

757
00:44:02,320 --> 00:44:05,520
I think he probably thought it was
going be the best possible outcome.

758
00:44:05,560 --> 00:44:07,480
Donald Trump driving
lots of engagement,

759
00:44:07,520 --> 00:44:10,080
Donald Trump buying lots of ads
and then Donald Trump losing.

760
00:44:10,120 --> 00:44:11,920
I think they thought
they'd take the money

761
00:44:11,960 --> 00:44:14,200
and Trump would be a joke
and they'd benefit from it.

762
00:44:14,240 --> 00:44:16,920
I don't think they saw what was
coming at all. I did.

763
00:44:16,960 --> 00:44:20,680
And yes, we will build a wall.

764
00:44:21,560 --> 00:44:24,360
MCNAMEE: The way you work with
Facebook as you say,

765
00:44:24,400 --> 00:44:26,680
the people I want to reach
look like this.

766
00:44:27,680 --> 00:44:30,760
Find all the people in Facebook...

767
00:44:30,800 --> 00:44:32,680
who look like the people I want.

768
00:44:32,720 --> 00:44:36,360
And when you have one in seven
voters in your custom audience,

769
00:44:36,400 --> 00:44:38,760
the precision with which
you can target

770
00:44:38,800 --> 00:44:40,400
is completely unprecedented.

771
00:44:41,520 --> 00:44:44,360
THOMPSON: So he says, "I'm going to
sell a ton of hats

772
00:44:44,400 --> 00:44:46,400
that say, 'Make America Great'."

773
00:44:46,440 --> 00:44:49,360
Somebody buys one of those hats,
and then he says to Facebook,

774
00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:52,680
OK, now put a Trump 2016 ad

775
00:44:52,720 --> 00:44:55,520
in front of everybody
who has characteristics

776
00:44:55,560 --> 00:44:57,880
similar to the person
who bought the hat.

777
00:44:57,920 --> 00:45:01,080
Facebook knows everything
about everybody.

778
00:45:01,120 --> 00:45:04,720
So it finds all of these people
who are similar, in whatever way

779
00:45:04,760 --> 00:45:06,600
the Facebook algorithm can determine,

780
00:45:06,640 --> 00:45:08,560
to the person
who just bought the hat.

781
00:45:09,880 --> 00:45:12,640
HARBATH: Anything we were offering
to the Trump team.

782
00:45:12,680 --> 00:45:14,920
We're also offering
to the Clinton team.

783
00:45:15,760 --> 00:45:18,400
Hillary's folks were like,
"Thanks, we've got it.

784
00:45:18,440 --> 00:45:21,080
Don't call us. We'll call you
if we need help.

785
00:45:22,240 --> 00:45:26,440
Donald J Trump is calling for a
total and complete shutdown

786
00:45:26,480 --> 00:45:29,520
of Muslims entering
the United States

787
00:45:29,560 --> 00:45:33,040
until our country's representatives

788
00:45:33,080 --> 00:45:36,480
can figure out what
the hell is going on.

789
00:45:36,520 --> 00:45:38,360
(CROWD CHEERING)

790
00:45:38,400 --> 00:45:40,960
THOMPSON: Facebook was a perfect
medium for Donald Trump.

791
00:45:41,000 --> 00:45:44,000
He appeals to the emotions
that work on Facebook,

792
00:45:44,040 --> 00:45:47,160
our lizard brain emotions, and not
our thoughtful brain emotions.

793
00:45:47,200 --> 00:45:50,320
Hate him, love him. You have
immediate reactions to Donald Trump.

794
00:45:50,360 --> 00:45:54,240
That's how the Facebook algorithm
was tuned, particularly in 2016.

795
00:45:54,280 --> 00:45:57,520
I went to go check my phone
and I see Trump's post

796
00:45:57,560 --> 00:46:00,760
and immediately I'm like,

797
00:46:00,800 --> 00:46:03,160
"Oh, no, this is not good."

798
00:46:04,240 --> 00:46:07,400
And I ping some folks on my team
and I'm like,

799
00:46:07,440 --> 00:46:10,560
"Make sure nobody takes down
this post

800
00:46:10,600 --> 00:46:13,320
without escalating it
up to leadership."

801
00:46:15,600 --> 00:46:19,680
ALLAN: They are crossing a line
and we've not had that before.

802
00:46:19,720 --> 00:46:21,920
We want to protect political speech.

803
00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:25,200
And the assumption was that
political candidates

804
00:46:25,240 --> 00:46:29,520
will not say completely unreasonable
things that break our rules.

805
00:46:29,560 --> 00:46:32,000
You got to see this guy.
Oh, I don't know what I said.

806
00:46:32,040 --> 00:46:34,120
Aagh! I don't remember.

807
00:46:34,960 --> 00:46:37,960
He's starting to put things on
Facebook that are challenging us

808
00:46:38,000 --> 00:46:41,080
that we never thought
we'd have to grapple with.

809
00:46:41,120 --> 00:46:44,160
So if you see somebody getting ready
to throw a tomato,

810
00:46:44,200 --> 00:46:46,600
knock the crap out of it, would you?
Seriously?

811
00:46:46,640 --> 00:46:50,120
Are we seriously now in a spot
where we're have to think about...

812
00:46:50,960 --> 00:46:55,280
taking down content from a potential
President of the United States?

813
00:46:59,120 --> 00:47:01,440
Normally we'd have that
discussion with Sheryl.

814
00:47:01,480 --> 00:47:04,520
If it's sufficiently momentous,

815
00:47:04,560 --> 00:47:07,640
then Sheryl will then
take it to Mark,

816
00:47:07,680 --> 00:47:10,520
and then he'll either
go with it or he won't.

817
00:47:10,560 --> 00:47:14,120
When Mexico sends its people...
they're bringing drugs.

818
00:47:14,160 --> 00:47:17,080
They're bringing crime.
They're rapists.

819
00:47:18,080 --> 00:47:20,960
Mark did understand
the scope for abuse,

820
00:47:21,000 --> 00:47:23,920
and he felt that
the way you avoid that

821
00:47:23,960 --> 00:47:26,880
is you say we, the platform,
are neutral.

822
00:47:26,920 --> 00:47:29,520
We don't decide
what's in your news feed.

823
00:47:29,560 --> 00:47:32,440
You, the user, decide
what's in your news feed.

824
00:47:33,360 --> 00:47:35,600
HARBATH: Mark does
an interesting interview

825
00:47:35,640 --> 00:47:37,840
where he is in a room
full of people,

826
00:47:37,880 --> 00:47:42,280
and you can see he really held on to
this idea that all speech is good

827
00:47:42,320 --> 00:47:45,040
and that people would see
the misinformation for what it was.

828
00:47:46,080 --> 00:47:49,600
This is tricky, right?
Because lies...

829
00:47:50,960 --> 00:47:55,240
What the line is between something
which is factually untrue

830
00:47:55,280 --> 00:47:58,280
and what is a disagreement of opinion

831
00:47:58,320 --> 00:48:00,760
is not always a black and white line.

832
00:48:01,800 --> 00:48:05,840
we don't want to block people from
sharing something on Facebook,

833
00:48:05,880 --> 00:48:07,880
even if it's untrue.

834
00:48:08,920 --> 00:48:12,040
Forget the press. Read the Internet.

835
00:48:12,080 --> 00:48:15,400
Study other things.
Don't go for the mainstream media.

836
00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:18,520
I saw how Facebook was polluting
the news ecosystem,

837
00:48:18,560 --> 00:48:21,640
and I saw that
it was making media worse.

838
00:48:21,680 --> 00:48:24,960
I noticed that stories
with no information,

839
00:48:25,000 --> 00:48:28,760
salacious headlines,
all kinds of problematic features

840
00:48:28,800 --> 00:48:31,280
were doing much better
than other stories.

841
00:48:32,760 --> 00:48:34,600
That's when I started to really say,

842
00:48:34,640 --> 00:48:36,920
"Oh, wait, what's going on here?"

843
00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:41,080
And then, of course, we have Crooked
Hillary. Crooked Hillary!

844
00:48:41,120 --> 00:48:43,480
(INDISTINCT CROWD CHANTS)

845
00:48:48,160 --> 00:48:50,280
What should we be thinking
about fact checking?

846
00:48:50,320 --> 00:48:52,800
Should we be thinking about this?

847
00:48:52,840 --> 00:48:55,160
Is there anybody more
crooked than this woman?

848
00:48:55,200 --> 00:48:56,840
We're in the middle of an election.

849
00:48:56,880 --> 00:49:00,040
We don't want to look like we're
putting our thumbs on the scale.

850
00:49:00,920 --> 00:49:05,640
I was like, "He might win?
No, he's not going to win."

851
00:49:05,680 --> 00:49:07,640
I kind of had this...

852
00:49:07,680 --> 00:49:11,240
two sides in my brain fighting
against one another.

853
00:49:11,280 --> 00:49:13,640
And I think a lot of others
at the company did, too.

854
00:49:15,600 --> 00:49:18,240
ANNOUNCER: Please welcome
the co-founder of PayPal

855
00:49:18,280 --> 00:49:22,120
and first investor in Facebook,
entrepreneur, Peter Thiel.

856
00:49:23,760 --> 00:49:26,480
Good evening. I'm Peter Theil.

857
00:49:26,520 --> 00:49:30,480
I build companies and I support
people who are building new things,

858
00:49:30,520 --> 00:49:32,800
from social networks to rocket ships.

859
00:49:33,600 --> 00:49:37,280
I'm not a politician,
but neither is Donald Trump.

860
00:49:38,160 --> 00:49:42,520
He is a builder,
and it's time to rebuild America.

861
00:49:44,840 --> 00:49:47,840
REPORTER: He's a self-described
libertarian,

862
00:49:47,880 --> 00:49:49,920
but he's a delegate
for Donald Trump.

863
00:49:49,960 --> 00:49:52,520
He's an immigrant from Germany, pro
tech, obviously.

864
00:49:52,560 --> 00:49:54,320
And is openly gay.

865
00:50:00,760 --> 00:50:04,240
Tonight, I urge all
of my fellow Americans

866
00:50:04,280 --> 00:50:07,560
to stand up and vote
for Donald Trump.

867
00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:10,600
(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE)

868
00:50:11,440 --> 00:50:14,120
CHAFKIN: Peter Thiel is very
interested in business,

869
00:50:14,160 --> 00:50:18,120
but has spent two decades as
a right-wing political activist.

870
00:50:20,880 --> 00:50:22,800
I think Thiel...

871
00:50:22,840 --> 00:50:25,240
has had an influence
on Zuckerberg's politics.

872
00:50:25,280 --> 00:50:29,560
And insofar as Zuckerberg is kind
of a libertarian who thinks that,

873
00:50:29,600 --> 00:50:32,160
you know, the world be better
off if tech companies could just

874
00:50:32,200 --> 00:50:35,200
do whatever they want and the
government should get out of his way

875
00:50:35,240 --> 00:50:39,200
and that he's kind of more OK with
Donald Trump than a lot of people.

876
00:50:39,240 --> 00:50:43,440
Those are things that Thiel,
I think, had an influence on him.

877
00:50:43,480 --> 00:50:46,720
But I don't think Zuckerberg has
deep political views at all.

878
00:50:46,760 --> 00:50:48,840
I think his politics are Facebook

879
00:50:48,880 --> 00:50:51,040
and his politics are
Mark Zuckerberg.

880
00:50:53,440 --> 00:50:56,000
PARSCALE: I'm upstairs
with Trump in his residence,

881
00:50:56,040 --> 00:50:59,120
and I get a phone call from my data
staff that's pulling out the numbers

882
00:50:59,160 --> 00:51:02,000
and they're like, "Brad you did it.

883
00:51:02,040 --> 00:51:05,160
The numbers are there.
Trump's won. I can't believe it."

884
00:51:06,080 --> 00:51:08,880
I walked out and I told Donald
Trump, I shook his hand

885
00:51:08,920 --> 00:51:11,400
and I said, "Congratulations,
Mr President."

886
00:51:11,440 --> 00:51:13,600
He said, "Really?"
And I said, "It's done.

887
00:51:13,640 --> 00:51:16,320
They'll recount it two or three
times before they announce it.

888
00:51:16,360 --> 00:51:18,360
But you won.

889
00:51:19,240 --> 00:51:21,800
REPORTER: And confirmed
that Donald Trump

890
00:51:21,840 --> 00:51:25,400
will be the 45th President
of the United States.

891
00:51:32,560 --> 00:51:34,880
THOMPSON: People are just shocked.

892
00:51:34,920 --> 00:51:38,320
How did this happen? What's going on?
What does it mean?

893
00:51:38,360 --> 00:51:43,120
And one of the quick
and early hypotheses is,

894
00:51:43,160 --> 00:51:46,560
"Oh, wait, it's because of Facebook.
Because the fake news on Facebook.

895
00:51:46,600 --> 00:51:49,440
It's because the way
the Facebook algorithm worked.

896
00:51:50,320 --> 00:51:53,200
Stories start to come out
about Russian influence.

897
00:51:53,240 --> 00:51:55,160
And the stories are overcooked,

898
00:51:55,200 --> 00:51:57,600
and they give too much credit
to the Russians.

899
00:52:00,800 --> 00:52:04,480
But suddenly it looks like
Facebook missed something.

900
00:52:09,880 --> 00:52:12,280
(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE)

901
00:52:13,680 --> 00:52:18,120
I ran a company which put-on
high-end tech conferences,

902
00:52:18,160 --> 00:52:22,480
and for years I had been trying to
get Zuckerberg to come and speak.

903
00:52:22,520 --> 00:52:25,480
And finally, you know, I hit it.

904
00:52:25,520 --> 00:52:28,040
Hey!
Hey. Good to see you.

905
00:52:28,080 --> 00:52:31,920
I wasn't even associating his
speaking at the conference

906
00:52:31,960 --> 00:52:34,880
with the fact that it was
two days after the election.

907
00:52:36,680 --> 00:52:38,800
And I do remember thinking...

908
00:52:38,840 --> 00:52:42,680
before he was on stage with me
that he seemed very preoccupied.

909
00:52:44,000 --> 00:52:47,080
But thank you so much
- for being here.
- Glad to.

910
00:52:47,120 --> 00:52:50,080
Post election you've been getting
a lot of pushback

911
00:52:50,120 --> 00:52:53,200
from people who feel that you didn't
filter out enough

912
00:52:53,240 --> 00:52:56,200
fake stories during
the course of the campaign.

913
00:52:56,240 --> 00:53:01,560
You know, personally... I think
the idea that...

914
00:53:02,640 --> 00:53:05,080
...you know, fake news on Facebook

915
00:53:05,120 --> 00:53:08,200
of which, you know,
it's a very small amount

916
00:53:08,240 --> 00:53:10,840
of- of the content,

917
00:53:10,880 --> 00:53:15,760
influenced the election in any way I
think is a pretty crazy idea, right?

918
00:53:15,800 --> 00:53:19,280
I was still fundamentally
sympathetic to him

919
00:53:19,320 --> 00:53:21,480
up to that point.

920
00:53:21,520 --> 00:53:25,120
But it was clear that,
no, it wasn't a crazy idea at all.

921
00:53:25,160 --> 00:53:27,960
That, in fact, whether they swung
the election or not

922
00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:30,160
is still a subject of debate,

923
00:53:30,200 --> 00:53:32,400
but fake news on Facebook had
had an impact.

924
00:53:32,440 --> 00:53:34,680
I was deeply disappointed in him.

925
00:53:35,960 --> 00:53:39,080
I was forced to think very hard.

926
00:53:40,120 --> 00:53:42,520
What do I really think about him?

927
00:53:42,560 --> 00:53:45,280
Thank you so much for being here.
Thank you, guys.

928
00:53:49,240 --> 00:53:52,840
I was really alarmed by what was
increasingly obvious

929
00:53:52,880 --> 00:53:56,760
to be the consequences of his
failures of governance.

930
00:53:59,040 --> 00:54:02,760
Overnight, we went from everything
we touched to turn to gold.

931
00:54:02,800 --> 00:54:06,240
To everything we touched
turned to dust.

932
00:54:06,280 --> 00:54:09,120
And now we're grappling with...

933
00:54:10,080 --> 00:54:12,560
...the downsides of this thing
that we built.

934
00:54:14,360 --> 00:54:17,760
When I first joined,
movies were being made.

935
00:54:17,800 --> 00:54:20,520
The founder is on the cover
of Time magazine.

936
00:54:20,560 --> 00:54:22,840
You're overthrowing dictators.

937
00:54:23,760 --> 00:54:27,680
And now seven years later, you're
being told you destroyed democracy.

938
00:54:30,000 --> 00:54:33,240
KIRKPATRICK It wasn't until
Donald Trump was elected

939
00:54:33,280 --> 00:54:35,440
that it began to be apparent

940
00:54:35,480 --> 00:54:38,120
just how dangerous a system
like this could be.

941
00:54:38,160 --> 00:54:41,000
And don't forget,
it was also Brexit.

942
00:54:41,040 --> 00:54:45,440
The sun has risen on an
independent United Kingdom.

943
00:54:45,480 --> 00:54:47,640
Erdogan in Turkey.

944
00:54:47,680 --> 00:54:49,760
Duterte in the Philippines.

945
00:54:49,800 --> 00:54:51,680
Orban in Hungary.

946
00:54:51,720 --> 00:54:56,280
All elected using Facebook,
in every single case.

947
00:54:59,560 --> 00:55:02,520
Everything changes from,
sort of, 2016 onwards

948
00:55:02,560 --> 00:55:04,640
after that Trump election.

949
00:55:04,680 --> 00:55:07,760
People in the company went
from feeling the sense of loyalty

950
00:55:07,800 --> 00:55:11,240
to feeling they had a wider loyalty
to something outside.

951
00:55:12,080 --> 00:55:14,680
They went from being proud to go
out and say I work for Facebook

952
00:55:14,720 --> 00:55:16,640
to being ashamed of it.

953
00:55:16,680 --> 00:55:19,000
You start to think,
maybe we are the bad guys.

954
00:55:24,160 --> 00:55:28,800
In terms of Mark's persona,
his big positive persona

955
00:55:28,840 --> 00:55:32,200
becomes a big negative persona
from that point onwards.

956
00:55:32,240 --> 00:55:34,400
Alright. Hey, everyone.

957
00:55:34,440 --> 00:55:37,440
I'm here with my friend

958
00:55:37,480 --> 00:55:39,720
and Facebook COO, Sheryl Sandberg,

959
00:55:39,760 --> 00:55:42,440
for our typical one-on-one.
(LAUGHTER)

960
00:55:42,480 --> 00:55:44,760
Welcome to our one-on-one.
Here we are. (CHUCKLES)

961
00:55:45,920 --> 00:55:49,760
FRENKEL: Sheryl Sandberg and Mark,
do these twice a week, one-on-ones.

962
00:55:49,800 --> 00:55:53,160
But it's put on for show
to make people feel that

963
00:55:53,200 --> 00:55:57,600
Facebook is a place largely for
good, rather than with conspiracies,

964
00:55:57,640 --> 00:56:00,880
hate speech and misinformation that
was really flooding the platform.

965
00:56:00,920 --> 00:56:03,200
It's been a really important year
for sharing

966
00:56:03,240 --> 00:56:05,800
because a lot has happened
and not all of it positive.

967
00:56:05,840 --> 00:56:08,480
This has been a year of
a lot of angst,

968
00:56:08,520 --> 00:56:11,840
a lot of people having issues,
really serious issues,

969
00:56:11,880 --> 00:56:15,120
violence, war, terrorism
all around the world.

970
00:56:15,160 --> 00:56:17,440
But you also see these
other moments.

971
00:56:17,480 --> 00:56:19,920
You see, you know, the number one
live video of the year

972
00:56:19,960 --> 00:56:21,880
was the Chewbacca mom.
Hey.

973
00:56:21,920 --> 00:56:25,920
I'm really excited to
share with you something I got.

974
00:56:25,960 --> 00:56:27,840
Here we go.

975
00:56:27,880 --> 00:56:30,240
I got to take of my glasses
for it. (LAUGHS)

976
00:56:33,320 --> 00:56:35,560
Naturally.
OK, here we go.

977
00:56:35,600 --> 00:56:38,440
So, yes.

978
00:56:38,480 --> 00:56:40,760
Now, watch when my mouth
actually moves.

979
00:56:40,800 --> 00:56:43,040
(CHEWBACCA ROAR)

980
00:56:43,080 --> 00:56:44,920
(CHEWBACCA ROAR)

981
00:56:44,960 --> 00:56:48,120
(LAUGHS, CHEWBACCA ROAR)

982
00:56:48,160 --> 00:56:50,880
Oh, my gosh. I'm in tears.

983
00:56:52,880 --> 00:56:56,400
REPORTER: We see the Jewellers
and other Muslim-owned businesses

984
00:56:56,440 --> 00:56:59,680
being ransacked by Buddhist
residents and monks.

985
00:57:02,560 --> 00:57:05,280
In my mind, Myanmar
is the starkest example

986
00:57:05,320 --> 00:57:07,520
of what can go wrong with Facebook.

987
00:57:07,560 --> 00:57:09,760
It comes at a moment
where Facebook is desperate

988
00:57:09,800 --> 00:57:11,640
to expand to the rest of the world.

989
00:57:11,680 --> 00:57:14,360
They are committed to bringing
on the next 1 billion users.

990
00:57:14,400 --> 00:57:18,360
There is virtually no research done
into Myanmar as a country

991
00:57:18,400 --> 00:57:20,680
or understanding that
this is a place in the world

992
00:57:20,720 --> 00:57:23,160
where there is no free press,
there are no, you know,

993
00:57:23,200 --> 00:57:25,800
independent government institutions.

994
00:57:26,880 --> 00:57:29,040
They were buying their own PR,

995
00:57:29,080 --> 00:57:31,720
that the most important thing was
to bring people online.

996
00:57:31,760 --> 00:57:35,680
And if you brought people online,
inherent good would come from that.

997
00:57:35,720 --> 00:57:38,680
And they didn't want to listen
to the many people

998
00:57:38,720 --> 00:57:41,480
who were telling them
that in some cases,

999
00:57:41,520 --> 00:57:44,920
bringing people online
when there wasn't media literacy

1000
00:57:44,960 --> 00:57:48,560
or a Free Press
or any other institution

1001
00:57:48,600 --> 00:57:50,680
to hold it in account
could lead to hate speech.

1002
00:57:53,480 --> 00:57:57,320
REPORTER: From a hilltop, we see a
young man, presumably Muslim,

1003
00:57:57,360 --> 00:57:59,680
attacked by men wielding sticks.

1004
00:58:00,880 --> 00:58:03,160
He staggers, attempting to flee...

1005
00:58:05,960 --> 00:58:07,960
...but he is forced to the earth.

1006
00:58:09,280 --> 00:58:11,920
I was a reporter in Myanmar,
and I wrote an article...

1007
00:58:13,240 --> 00:58:16,920
...and part of that article
documented the rise in hate speech.

1008
00:58:18,200 --> 00:58:20,840
I interviewed people
in Myanmar who said,

1009
00:58:20,880 --> 00:58:24,720
"I didn't know the Rohingya
were raping and killing our women.

1010
00:58:24,760 --> 00:58:27,320
But now that I'm on Facebook,
I know the Rohingya are actually

1011
00:58:27,360 --> 00:58:29,600
these horrible creatures, you know."

1012
00:58:29,640 --> 00:58:33,080
And I took that to Facebook,
as a reporter and I said,

1013
00:58:33,120 --> 00:58:35,760
"Can you please look at these posts
that I'm sending you?

1014
00:58:35,800 --> 00:58:37,880
Because I can tell that
this is actually footage

1015
00:58:37,920 --> 00:58:40,200
that's been manipulated to make it
look as if

1016
00:58:40,240 --> 00:58:43,200
the Rohingya are
carrying out atrocities.

1017
00:58:43,240 --> 00:58:45,600
And Facebook told me to take a hike.

1018
00:58:49,160 --> 00:58:51,760
Later, I found out
even more activists

1019
00:58:51,800 --> 00:58:54,160
begin to send Facebook warnings

1020
00:58:54,200 --> 00:58:57,200
and saying hate speech
has just gone off the rails.

1021
00:58:57,240 --> 00:58:59,280
Report after report after report

1022
00:58:59,320 --> 00:59:01,840
and Facebook does nothing.

1023
00:59:01,880 --> 00:59:05,520
They even bring in an activist to
speak to them in their headquarters

1024
00:59:05,560 --> 00:59:10,200
who says, "If you do nothing,
a genocide could happen."

1025
00:59:10,240 --> 00:59:12,560
People that walk out
of that room with him and go,

1026
00:59:12,600 --> 00:59:14,440
"I think he's exaggerating.

1027
00:59:14,480 --> 00:59:16,360
I don't think he knows
what he's talking about.

1028
00:59:16,400 --> 00:59:18,640
That's not gonna happen.
That's not gonna be our fault.

1029
00:59:18,680 --> 00:59:22,000
SENATOR: You know, six months ago,
I asked your general counsel

1030
00:59:22,040 --> 00:59:25,320
about Facebook's role as
a breeding ground for hate speech.

1031
00:59:25,360 --> 00:59:28,560
This is a type of content I
was referring to,

1032
00:59:28,600 --> 00:59:31,800
it calls for the death
of a Muslim journalist.

1033
00:59:33,840 --> 00:59:37,520
That threat went straight
through your detection systems,

1034
00:59:37,560 --> 00:59:39,920
it spread very quickly.

1035
00:59:39,960 --> 00:59:43,960
And then it took attempt
after attempt after attempt

1036
00:59:44,000 --> 00:59:46,200
to get you to remove it.

1037
00:59:46,240 --> 00:59:50,200
Senator, what's happening in Myanmar
is a terrible tragedy

1038
00:59:50,240 --> 00:59:53,840
and we need to do more-We all
- agree with that.
- OK.But...

1039
00:59:55,000 --> 00:59:58,600
...UN investigators have blamed you,

1040
00:59:58,640 --> 01:00:00,880
blamed Facebook for playing a role

1041
01:00:00,920 --> 01:00:03,760
in citing possible
genocide in Myanmar.

1042
01:00:07,240 --> 01:00:10,720
He sees himself as having built
a platform for all humanity.

1043
01:00:11,760 --> 01:00:14,200
And in his mind,
that's a good thing.

1044
01:00:14,240 --> 01:00:16,400
There will be tremendous benefits

1045
01:00:16,440 --> 01:00:20,000
from making the world more open and
connected, et cetera, et cetera.

1046
01:00:20,040 --> 01:00:22,640
But humanity includes
some bad actors.

1047
01:00:22,680 --> 01:00:26,120
There's a lot of nasty people.
That's not his problem.

1048
01:00:26,160 --> 01:00:28,680
Yeah, there's going to be some
nasty shit that happens.

1049
01:00:28,720 --> 01:00:32,320
People are going to do things that
are illegal, immoral, cruel,

1050
01:00:32,360 --> 01:00:34,920
hateful, murderous, even.

1051
01:00:34,960 --> 01:00:37,680
"But don't blame me.
That's human nature."

1052
01:00:39,480 --> 01:00:42,960
REPORTER: It is reported that both
the Justice Department and the FBI

1053
01:00:43,000 --> 01:00:45,640
are investigating the now-defunct
political data firm,

1054
01:00:45,680 --> 01:00:47,600
Cambridge Analytica.

1055
01:00:47,640 --> 01:00:50,680
REPORTER: The data firm hired by
Donald Trump's presidential election

1056
01:00:50,720 --> 01:00:53,400
campaign used
secretly-obtained information

1057
01:00:53,440 --> 01:00:56,920
from tens of millions of
unsuspecting Facebook users.

1058
01:00:56,960 --> 01:01:00,720
Misuse of Facebook data is at
the centre of this scandal

1059
01:01:00,760 --> 01:01:03,960
involving both Facebook
and Cambridge Analytica.

1060
01:01:10,920 --> 01:01:13,560
Facebook now says 87 million users

1061
01:01:13,600 --> 01:01:17,240
may have had their information
shared with Cambridge Analytica.

1062
01:01:18,120 --> 01:01:20,840
We, as the public were impacted by
it,

1063
01:01:20,880 --> 01:01:23,600
notably have not heard
from the brand name of Facebook,

1064
01:01:23,640 --> 01:01:26,320
Mark Zuckerberg or
COO, Sheryl Sandberg.

1065
01:01:27,680 --> 01:01:30,160
Neither one of them wanted
to be the face of this.

1066
01:01:30,200 --> 01:01:32,800
And Zuckerberg was probably like,

1067
01:01:32,840 --> 01:01:35,280
"Well, it's your thing,
it's your department."

1068
01:01:35,320 --> 01:01:37,960
And she was probably
like, "You're the CEO."

1069
01:01:38,000 --> 01:01:41,480
And neither one of them could decide
who would go out and take the heat.

1070
01:01:41,520 --> 01:01:45,200
And eventually, five days later, it's
clear that someone has to come out.

1071
01:01:45,240 --> 01:01:48,200
I want to start with just
a basic question, Mark.

1072
01:01:48,240 --> 01:01:50,160
What happened? What went wrong?

1073
01:01:50,200 --> 01:01:52,600
So, this was a major breach of trust.

1074
01:01:52,640 --> 01:01:55,280
And I'm really sorry
that this happened.

1075
01:01:55,320 --> 01:01:58,200
SENATOR: You know, you have
a long list of apologies.

1076
01:01:58,240 --> 01:02:01,040
In 2003, it started at Harvard.

1077
01:02:01,080 --> 01:02:04,880
"I apologise for any harm done
as a result of my neglect."

1078
01:02:04,920 --> 01:02:08,120
2006, "We really messed
this one up."

1079
01:02:08,160 --> 01:02:13,000
2007, "We simply did a bad job,
I apologise for."

1080
01:02:13,040 --> 01:02:16,200
2010, "Sometimes we move too fast."

1081
01:02:16,240 --> 01:02:20,960
2011, "I'm the first to admit that
we've made a bunch of mistakes."

1082
01:02:21,000 --> 01:02:26,800
2017, "I ask for forgiveness.
I will work to do better."

1083
01:02:26,840 --> 01:02:29,280
So it seems to me...

1084
01:02:29,320 --> 01:02:32,920
that self-regulation
simply does not work.

1085
01:02:34,600 --> 01:02:37,120
Mark Zuckerberg's experience
as an individual

1086
01:02:37,160 --> 01:02:39,760
is that he does things
which upset people.

1087
01:02:39,800 --> 01:02:42,160
He apologises
and everybody moves on.

1088
01:02:42,200 --> 01:02:46,440
But there comes a moment in-
after Cambridge Analytica in 2018

1089
01:02:46,480 --> 01:02:48,880
where it's not working anymore.

1090
01:02:59,640 --> 01:03:03,360
REPORTER: Senator, do you think that
you really can trust a company

1091
01:03:03,400 --> 01:03:06,760
to police itself
when it comes to our privacy

1092
01:03:06,800 --> 01:03:10,440
and when it comes to things like
not censoring our freedom of speech?

1093
01:03:10,480 --> 01:03:13,480
As of right now, no.

1094
01:03:13,520 --> 01:03:16,320
Lawmakers in Washington were
getting impatient because

1095
01:03:16,360 --> 01:03:18,080
the controversies were stacking.

1096
01:03:18,120 --> 01:03:21,480
Sentiment was turning against
the technology industry.

1097
01:03:22,400 --> 01:03:26,040
They had wanted Mark Zuckerberg
to testify for more than a year

1098
01:03:26,080 --> 01:03:28,440
and Facebook declined, they refused.

1099
01:03:29,680 --> 01:03:32,600
And then they threatened
to subpoena Mark Zuckerberg

1100
01:03:32,640 --> 01:03:36,800
if he didn't appear in hearings
in Washington.

1101
01:03:36,840 --> 01:03:39,960
And so finally, they agreed that

1102
01:03:40,000 --> 01:03:42,200
Mark Zuckerberg would come
to testify.

1103
01:03:43,960 --> 01:03:46,320
There's a reason all these
incredibly important

1104
01:03:46,360 --> 01:03:50,680
and effective disruptors of
social media communications,

1105
01:03:50,720 --> 01:03:54,800
shopping, started in America because
we had light touch regulation.

1106
01:03:54,840 --> 01:03:57,560
Now they've gotten big.
So we have a job to step in.

1107
01:03:57,600 --> 01:04:00,880
If they don't perform according to
the rules of the road.

1108
01:04:02,200 --> 01:04:05,360
Facebook has not been regulated
at all at that point,

1109
01:04:05,400 --> 01:04:09,000
and any sort of regulation
that could pop up

1110
01:04:09,040 --> 01:04:12,240
would be catastrophic
for the company.

1111
01:04:13,200 --> 01:04:16,240
Any regulation and privacy,
and data collection

1112
01:04:16,280 --> 01:04:18,600
would impede Facebook's
business model,

1113
01:04:18,640 --> 01:04:21,080
which is to collect
as much data as possible

1114
01:04:21,120 --> 01:04:23,800
and to sell that data
to advertisers.

1115
01:04:23,840 --> 01:04:26,480
That is the heart of
Facebook's business model.

1116
01:04:30,360 --> 01:04:32,960
ALLAN: Mark knows
that it's high stakes.

1117
01:04:34,880 --> 01:04:38,480
You know that the chances of getting
something wrong are quite high.

1118
01:04:38,520 --> 01:04:41,400
So I think he's absolutely
laser-focused.

1119
01:04:42,480 --> 01:04:45,320
Facebook hired one
of the biggest law firms,

1120
01:04:45,360 --> 01:04:49,280
and for two weeks this law firm went
to Menlo Park

1121
01:04:49,320 --> 01:04:53,040
and spent time with Mark Zuckerberg
holed up in conference room,

1122
01:04:53,080 --> 01:04:55,600
grilling him in, sort of,
mock hearings,

1123
01:04:55,640 --> 01:04:58,120
grilling him on the names
of members of Congress,

1124
01:04:58,160 --> 01:05:02,040
on what questions they'd ask. It was
almost a mock debate preparation.

1125
01:05:02,080 --> 01:05:04,600
I think what he wants is,
to get in there.

1126
01:05:04,640 --> 01:05:06,520
Don't screw up. Get out.

1127
01:05:10,720 --> 01:05:13,040
REPORTER: It's a monumental moment
for Facebook.

1128
01:05:13,080 --> 01:05:15,080
This is a company
that's become ubiquitous.

1129
01:05:15,120 --> 01:05:18,640
It's now under fire for not being
transparent with its users

1130
01:05:18,680 --> 01:05:21,320
about its use of our data.

1131
01:05:21,360 --> 01:05:24,400
Now, CEO Mark Zuckerberg,
will have his moment on Capitol Hill

1132
01:05:24,440 --> 01:05:26,440
testifying before Congress.

1133
01:05:28,760 --> 01:05:31,560
The stakes are very, very high.

1134
01:05:33,280 --> 01:05:36,920
Mark Zuckerberg walked into
the hearing rooms

1135
01:05:36,960 --> 01:05:39,280
in the navy, blue suit

1136
01:05:39,320 --> 01:05:41,720
and surrounded by an entourage
of lobbyists.

1137
01:05:44,120 --> 01:05:48,600
He came in with almost, like,
a slight smile on his face,

1138
01:05:48,640 --> 01:05:52,760
trying to look cordial, trying to
look cool and calm and collected.

1139
01:05:52,800 --> 01:05:55,360
They're unfazed.
They don't want to show that

1140
01:05:55,400 --> 01:05:57,840
they're deeply inside
very, very nervous.

1141
01:06:01,800 --> 01:06:05,560
CHAFKIN: I think there was
a sense among lawmakers

1142
01:06:05,600 --> 01:06:09,200
that this was an opportunity to
arrest this...

1143
01:06:09,240 --> 01:06:13,720
incredibly fast-growing, dominant
social cultural business phenomenon.

1144
01:06:15,040 --> 01:06:17,720
Mark, are you putting
privacy over profits now?

1145
01:06:19,760 --> 01:06:22,920
KANG: His lobbyists had negotiated
with staff to make sure that

1146
01:06:22,960 --> 01:06:25,040
the air conditioning was jacked up

1147
01:06:25,080 --> 01:06:27,880
so that Mark Zuckerberg
wouldn't sweat on camera.

1148
01:06:28,960 --> 01:06:31,680
Not only is the public, competitors

1149
01:06:31,720 --> 01:06:34,120
and lawmakers all watching
this hearing,

1150
01:06:34,160 --> 01:06:36,080
but so is the stock market.

1151
01:06:36,120 --> 01:06:38,520
Investors were watching the hearings

1152
01:06:38,560 --> 01:06:41,240
to see if Mark Zuckerberg
might trip up

1153
01:06:41,280 --> 01:06:44,480
and say something that could hurt
the future of the business

1154
01:06:44,520 --> 01:06:47,400
and therefore hurt the stock.

1155
01:06:58,040 --> 01:07:01,720
(BANGING GAVEL)

1156
01:07:03,120 --> 01:07:06,040
Committee on the Judiciary
and the Commerce,

1157
01:07:06,080 --> 01:07:09,280
Science and Transportation
will come to order.

1158
01:07:12,320 --> 01:07:15,280
The beginning of the hearings
with Mark Zuckerberg are tense.

1159
01:07:15,320 --> 01:07:18,240
You could tell the Facebook
flock in the room are tense.

1160
01:07:18,280 --> 01:07:20,440
You could tell Mark is tense,
the way he's sitting.

1161
01:07:20,480 --> 01:07:23,120
He's kind of very squared off.

1162
01:07:23,160 --> 01:07:26,040
I was captivated. What are the
questions they're going to ask?

1163
01:07:26,080 --> 01:07:28,760
What are they going to uncover?
What are they going to learn?

1164
01:07:28,800 --> 01:07:30,960
SENATOR: Mr Zuckerberg,
what is Facebook doing

1165
01:07:31,000 --> 01:07:35,680
to prevent foreign actors from
interfering in US elections?

1166
01:07:35,720 --> 01:07:37,880
How will you protect user's data?

1167
01:07:37,920 --> 01:07:41,240
Do you collect user data
through cross-device tracking?

1168
01:07:41,280 --> 01:07:43,720
Are you willing to expand my right

1169
01:07:43,760 --> 01:07:45,800
to know who you're sharing
my data with?

1170
01:07:45,840 --> 01:07:48,640
Do you believe European regulations
should be applied in the US?

1171
01:07:48,680 --> 01:07:51,120
Are you willing to change
your business model

1172
01:07:51,160 --> 01:07:54,920
in the interest of protecting
individual privacy?

1173
01:07:54,960 --> 01:07:57,280
Congresswoman,
I'm not sure what that means.

1174
01:07:58,680 --> 01:08:01,320
It would seem like
that would be the start

1175
01:08:01,360 --> 01:08:04,120
of what would be
a really intense grilling.

1176
01:08:04,160 --> 01:08:07,040
But I was really surprised
to hear how many times

1177
01:08:07,080 --> 01:08:09,920
Mark Zuckerberg was able to say... I
can have my team follow up with you.

1178
01:08:09,960 --> 01:08:12,000
I'll have my team get back to you.

1179
01:08:12,040 --> 01:08:15,440
I'm happy to have my team follow up
with you if that would be helpful?

1180
01:08:15,480 --> 01:08:18,080
...without answering
the question at that moment.

1181
01:08:18,120 --> 01:08:19,920
And there was no follow up.

1182
01:08:19,960 --> 01:08:22,400
Some of the questions
were very basic and very simple.

1183
01:08:22,440 --> 01:08:25,920
And I was watching this and I was
communicating with other people

1184
01:08:25,960 --> 01:08:29,400
who follow the industry well and
they were saying the same thing.

1185
01:08:29,440 --> 01:08:31,160
Why is there no follow up?

1186
01:08:32,560 --> 01:08:36,520
Mark Zuckerberg was probably
thinking the same thing,

1187
01:08:36,560 --> 01:08:39,320
that some of these questions
were not so hard

1188
01:08:39,360 --> 01:08:42,040
and that the hearings themselves
would not be the grilling,

1189
01:08:42,080 --> 01:08:45,720
the, sort of, slaying
that he had feared.

1190
01:08:45,760 --> 01:08:48,880
You're supposed to answer 'yes'
to this question.

1191
01:08:49,880 --> 01:08:52,320
OK, come on.
I'm trying to help you, right.

1192
01:08:52,360 --> 01:08:55,240
I mean, give me a break.
The answer is 'yes'.

1193
01:08:55,280 --> 01:08:57,480
OK, so thank you.
(LAUGHTER)

1194
01:08:57,520 --> 01:09:00,120
FRENKEL: The hearings could have
been a turning point,

1195
01:09:00,160 --> 01:09:04,160
but some of the members of Congress
asked these incredibly fumbling
questions.

1196
01:09:04,200 --> 01:09:06,360
'What is this Facebook machine?'
You know,.

1197
01:09:06,400 --> 01:09:10,040
they just they sound like your dad
is asking a question about Facebook.

1198
01:09:10,080 --> 01:09:14,320
How do you sustain
a business model in which
users don't pay for your service?

1199
01:09:15,840 --> 01:09:17,840
Senator, we run ads.

1200
01:09:18,880 --> 01:09:20,360
I see.

1201
01:09:20,400 --> 01:09:23,000
It became so clear that these
members of Congress

1202
01:09:23,040 --> 01:09:27,680
didn't know the very basic
technology that Facebook ran on

1203
01:09:27,720 --> 01:09:31,480
and that they were so out
of their league in understanding

1204
01:09:31,520 --> 01:09:33,880
the fundamentals
of Facebook as a company.

1205
01:09:33,920 --> 01:09:36,120
How could they possibly
hold them to account?

1206
01:09:36,160 --> 01:09:40,000
You want to break now? Or you want
to keep going. (CHUCKLES)

1207
01:09:40,040 --> 01:09:43,440
Sure. I mean, that was that was
pretty good. So, alright.

1208
01:09:44,760 --> 01:09:46,880
In the room at that moment you
understood,

1209
01:09:46,920 --> 01:09:48,600
like, he's got this.

1210
01:09:48,640 --> 01:09:51,600
He's got these members of Congress
wrapped around his little finger.

1211
01:09:51,640 --> 01:09:53,480
I remember talking to
a Facebook executive

1212
01:09:53,520 --> 01:09:55,800
who was fairly sceptical of
Zuckerberg, talking about

1213
01:09:55,840 --> 01:09:59,880
everybody in a cafeteria celebrating
as he knocks the senators back.

1214
01:09:59,920 --> 01:10:02,680
And just that was a moment
where a company,

1215
01:10:02,720 --> 01:10:04,720
which had lost a bit of faith
in their leader,

1216
01:10:04,760 --> 01:10:06,160
decided they loved him again.

1217
01:10:06,200 --> 01:10:08,520
The hearing is adjourned.

1218
01:10:12,040 --> 01:10:14,120
He came out of it pretty well.

1219
01:10:14,160 --> 01:10:16,040
Much better than
I would have expected.

1220
01:10:17,800 --> 01:10:20,640
ALLAN: I mean, at the end, I think
we feel we've done a good job.

1221
01:10:20,680 --> 01:10:24,200
We prepared our CEO, we've
negotiated the terms of the hearing.

1222
01:10:26,320 --> 01:10:29,320
And if he gets away, you know,
at the end of it

1223
01:10:29,360 --> 01:10:31,160
and nothing has gone
terribly wrong...

1224
01:10:32,160 --> 01:10:34,560
...that is-
You feel professionally...

1225
01:10:35,360 --> 01:10:37,560
Tick. You know,
you've done your job.

1226
01:10:43,120 --> 01:10:46,320
The upshot was that any hopes
for regulation

1227
01:10:46,360 --> 01:10:48,560
to curtail the power of Facebook

1228
01:10:48,600 --> 01:10:51,000
would never really happen
any time soon

1229
01:10:51,040 --> 01:10:53,680
because lawmakers
were incapable of doing so.

1230
01:10:53,720 --> 01:10:56,320
REPORTER: Do you feel that any
senator here

1231
01:10:56,360 --> 01:10:59,040
has really laid a glove on
Mark Zuckerberg?

1232
01:10:59,080 --> 01:11:01,320
If you think being slapped
with wet noodles is hard,

1233
01:11:01,360 --> 01:11:02,680
I guess that's hard.

1234
01:11:02,720 --> 01:11:06,440
The real proof that the hearings
were not so terrible

1235
01:11:06,480 --> 01:11:09,040
for Facebook or Mark Zuckerberg

1236
01:11:09,080 --> 01:11:11,360
was that Facebook stock rose.

1237
01:11:12,760 --> 01:11:16,560
Mark Zuckerberg became, personally,
billions of dollars richer.

1238
01:11:18,560 --> 01:11:21,720
He left that day back to Menlo Park,

1239
01:11:21,760 --> 01:11:25,840
and his lobbyist went to a wine bar
in Georgetown to celebrate.

1240
01:11:26,720 --> 01:11:29,160
The hearings were a success
from their point of view.

1241
01:11:40,760 --> 01:11:44,360
REPORTER: You might think this is
a map of the world, but it's not.

1242
01:11:45,280 --> 01:11:47,040
It's a blank screen.

1243
01:11:47,080 --> 01:11:50,040
And for every person who's using
Facebook, we put a dot.

1244
01:11:50,080 --> 01:11:53,000
And when you do that, it
effectively draws the world.

1245
01:12:02,320 --> 01:12:04,600
HAUGEN: When I joined Facebook
in 2019,

1246
01:12:04,640 --> 01:12:07,560
I think it was actually
in kind of a momentary calm.

1247
01:12:08,800 --> 01:12:11,200
The year before they had
Cambridge Analytica,

1248
01:12:11,240 --> 01:12:13,960
which had blown up catastrophically.

1249
01:12:14,000 --> 01:12:16,480
So I think if you had asked
a random employee,

1250
01:12:16,520 --> 01:12:18,880
they would have said
things are looking up. Right.

1251
01:12:18,920 --> 01:12:21,560
We've survived Cambridge Analytica.
We've weathered it.

1252
01:12:21,600 --> 01:12:23,840
Our stock is on the upswing.

1253
01:12:25,040 --> 01:12:27,280
You know, I worked
on civic misinformation.

1254
01:12:27,320 --> 01:12:29,840
So that's, you know,
things like ethnic violence.

1255
01:12:29,880 --> 01:12:32,440
And just a few months before,

1256
01:12:32,480 --> 01:12:36,120
they had realised that
they didn't have a policy

1257
01:12:36,160 --> 01:12:38,400
against politicians
calling for violence.

1258
01:12:39,680 --> 01:12:42,160
There were now political parties
in the world

1259
01:12:42,200 --> 01:12:45,280
that were explicitly doing things
like demonizing minorities

1260
01:12:45,320 --> 01:12:48,680
by calling them, you know,
'rodents', that kind of thing.

1261
01:12:49,640 --> 01:12:52,600
And a working group was formed
to start figuring out

1262
01:12:52,640 --> 01:12:56,360
what should the policy be when
situations like that happen.

1263
01:12:58,080 --> 01:13:00,960
It took a working group
of maybe 30 or 40 people,

1264
01:13:01,000 --> 01:13:05,280
months to write
the political speech policy

1265
01:13:05,320 --> 01:13:09,080
for Facebook,
and they present it to Mark.

1266
01:13:10,520 --> 01:13:13,160
And Mark takes a look at he
goes, "I don't like this.

1267
01:13:13,200 --> 01:13:16,280
I can do better."
And he goes home that weekend

1268
01:13:16,320 --> 01:13:19,480
and he writes the political speech
policy for the company.

1269
01:13:20,640 --> 01:13:23,240
So think for a moment about
the arrogance of this. Right.

1270
01:13:23,280 --> 01:13:27,240
So Mark takes the work of
like 30, 40 people.

1271
01:13:27,280 --> 01:13:30,200
Many of these people have PhDs in
ethnic violence and he says,

1272
01:13:30,240 --> 01:13:34,000
"Oh, no. I can write a better
political policy over the weekend.

1273
01:13:34,040 --> 01:13:36,400
I don't think that
we want private companies

1274
01:13:36,440 --> 01:13:39,040
censoring politicians in the news.

1275
01:13:39,080 --> 01:13:41,440
I generally believe that
as a principle,

1276
01:13:41,480 --> 01:13:44,200
people should decide what is credible

1277
01:13:44,240 --> 01:13:46,760
and what they want to believe
and who they want to vote for.

1278
01:13:46,800 --> 01:13:49,840
I don't think that that should be
something that we want tech companies

1279
01:13:49,880 --> 01:13:52,320
or any kind of other company doing.

1280
01:13:57,840 --> 01:14:00,960
2020 was a make it or break in
moment for Facebook.

1281
01:14:01,000 --> 01:14:03,800
You had a sitting US President,
Donald Trump, who was,

1282
01:14:03,840 --> 01:14:07,440
daily, pushing the limits of what
should be said on their platform.

1283
01:14:07,480 --> 01:14:10,400
He was using it every single day
in ways that were challenging

1284
01:14:10,440 --> 01:14:13,400
for Facebook to defend
or make decisions on.

1285
01:14:14,640 --> 01:14:18,200
And there was this real sense inside
Facebook of almost daily panic

1286
01:14:18,240 --> 01:14:20,440
of what's he going to say next?

1287
01:14:20,480 --> 01:14:22,560
What kind of PR storm is
this going to create for us?

1288
01:14:22,600 --> 01:14:25,120
What kind of negative headline
is going to get written today

1289
01:14:25,160 --> 01:14:27,160
about our company?

1290
01:14:28,360 --> 01:14:31,800
I remember the day after the
US election speaking to someone

1291
01:14:31,840 --> 01:14:34,160
at Facebook who was on their
election team who said,

1292
01:14:34,200 --> 01:14:37,920
"God, what a relief, it's over.
Trump has lost."

1293
01:14:41,080 --> 01:14:42,840
Good evening.

1294
01:14:42,880 --> 01:14:46,200
I'd like to provide the American
people with an update on our efforts

1295
01:14:46,240 --> 01:14:49,880
to protect the integrity of
a very important 2020 election.

1296
01:14:51,200 --> 01:14:53,720
If you count the legal votes,

1297
01:14:53,760 --> 01:14:55,680
I easily win.

1298
01:14:55,720 --> 01:14:58,240
People knew prior to
the 2020 election that

1299
01:14:58,280 --> 01:15:01,520
Trump was gonna try to delegitimize
the election if he failed,

1300
01:15:01,560 --> 01:15:05,200
and we know this because he had been
threatening it for a long time.

1301
01:15:06,040 --> 01:15:09,080
The lead up to January 6th
was not random.

1302
01:15:11,760 --> 01:15:14,880
Take me inside Mark Zuckerberg's
head to like the moment that

1303
01:15:14,920 --> 01:15:18,320
you decided you needed to change
Facebook's core mission.

1304
01:15:18,360 --> 01:15:21,840
I feel like we have a responsibility
to do more in the world.

1305
01:15:21,880 --> 01:15:25,400
So, what is the new mission
of Facebook?

1306
01:15:25,440 --> 01:15:29,360
So, our new mission is to bring
the world closer together.

1307
01:15:29,400 --> 01:15:31,840
What we need to do is empower people

1308
01:15:31,880 --> 01:15:34,200
all around the world
to build communities.

1309
01:15:34,240 --> 01:15:36,880
Things like church groups
and sports teams

1310
01:15:36,920 --> 01:15:38,920
and neighbourhood groups...
(FADES)

1311
01:15:38,960 --> 01:15:41,600
MCNAMEE: Facebook was created
initially for people

1312
01:15:41,640 --> 01:15:44,240
who shared an interest
to get together

1313
01:15:44,280 --> 01:15:47,480
and which evolved into
this gigantic system

1314
01:15:47,520 --> 01:15:50,440
that included both chess clubs

1315
01:15:50,480 --> 01:15:53,280
but also white supremacists
and terrorists.

1316
01:15:55,440 --> 01:15:59,000
Facebook groups wound up
becoming the home

1317
01:15:59,040 --> 01:16:01,200
to politically engaged extremism.

1318
01:16:03,720 --> 01:16:05,440
That we had not seen before.

1319
01:16:07,640 --> 01:16:11,480
There had been a study,
internal Facebook study

1320
01:16:11,520 --> 01:16:14,880
what they discovered
was that 64% of the time

1321
01:16:14,920 --> 01:16:18,360
that people join
an extremist Facebook group...

1322
01:16:19,720 --> 01:16:23,360
...the trigger for joining was
a recommendation made by Facebook.

1323
01:16:28,080 --> 01:16:31,640
FRENKEL: A group called Stop the
Steal started to post on Facebook

1324
01:16:31,680 --> 01:16:35,000
and it is committed to spreading
the false idea that the election

1325
01:16:35,040 --> 01:16:37,040
was stolen from Donald Trump,

1326
01:16:37,080 --> 01:16:40,800
and they managed to get hundreds of
thousands to join their group.

1327
01:16:40,840 --> 01:16:44,240
Internally in Facebook, there's this
kind of moment of panic

1328
01:16:44,280 --> 01:16:46,760
when they realise this is
one of the fastest growing groups

1329
01:16:46,800 --> 01:16:49,720
in Facebook's history
and it is committed to spreading

1330
01:16:49,760 --> 01:16:52,840
the false idea that the election
was stolen from Donald Trump.

1331
01:17:11,160 --> 01:17:14,200
(INDISTINCT SHOUTS)

1332
01:17:14,240 --> 01:17:17,920
And then January rolls around and
you have these rallies of people

1333
01:17:17,960 --> 01:17:21,520
all over the United States that are
coming together under the banner of

1334
01:17:21,560 --> 01:17:25,280
the election was stolen and they're
organizing themselves on Facebook.

1335
01:17:31,680 --> 01:17:35,480
TRUMP: We will never give up. We will
never concede it doesn't happen.

1336
01:17:35,520 --> 01:17:38,200
You don't concede with this theft.

1337
01:17:39,200 --> 01:17:42,480
And then you have Trump himself
issuing calls on Facebook saying,

1338
01:17:42,520 --> 01:17:46,120
"Come to Washington on January 6th,
come rally in my name.

1339
01:17:46,160 --> 01:17:48,040
The election was stolen from me."

1340
01:18:09,720 --> 01:18:12,080
And it is that moment
that Facebook understands

1341
01:18:12,120 --> 01:18:14,040
this is a four alarm fire.

1342
01:18:14,080 --> 01:18:16,760
And will this finally be the moment
where they have to

1343
01:18:16,800 --> 01:18:19,160
take down Donald Trump's account?

1344
01:18:20,400 --> 01:18:23,360
And Mark kind of sits there and you
think, should I call Trump?

1345
01:18:23,400 --> 01:18:25,400
Should I try to use backchannels
to him to say,

1346
01:18:25,440 --> 01:18:27,560
"Hey, we're thinking
of taking down your account?

1347
01:18:27,600 --> 01:18:30,680
And people close to him say,
"I don't think it's a good idea.

1348
01:18:30,720 --> 01:18:33,600
Like, you could be seen as
colluding with this."

1349
01:18:41,680 --> 01:18:44,960
People are sharing on Facebook
live videos and photos

1350
01:18:45,000 --> 01:18:47,480
of themselves marching through
the halls of Congress

1351
01:18:47,520 --> 01:18:51,480
looking for Nancy Pelosi, looking
for Vice President Pence.

1352
01:18:56,320 --> 01:18:58,960
If you're Mark Zuckerberg
and you've created technology

1353
01:18:59,000 --> 01:19:02,280
whose sole purpose is to connect
people, that's your worldview,

1354
01:19:02,320 --> 01:19:04,600
that connecting people is inherently
good

1355
01:19:04,640 --> 01:19:07,000
and introducing that
technology to the world

1356
01:19:07,040 --> 01:19:09,880
has made you one of the world's
wealthiest and most powerful men.

1357
01:19:09,920 --> 01:19:13,840
It is very, very hard, I imagine,
to then sit there and think,

1358
01:19:13,880 --> 01:19:17,440
is my underlying premise wrong?
Is connecting the world bad?

1359
01:19:19,880 --> 01:19:22,560
And it really is only
when it gets to the point where

1360
01:19:22,600 --> 01:19:26,080
people sitting next to me are
saying, "This is gonna go to trial,

1361
01:19:26,120 --> 01:19:28,920
there are going to be congressional
hearings about this."

1362
01:19:28,960 --> 01:19:32,320
And Donald Trump can continue to
use this Facebook page

1363
01:19:32,360 --> 01:19:34,360
to agitate for violence.

1364
01:19:36,600 --> 01:19:38,440
And we're going to get held
responsible

1365
01:19:38,480 --> 01:19:42,320
that Mark Zuckerberg sits there
and goes, "It's gone too far.

1366
01:19:42,360 --> 01:19:44,600
We need to take down his account."

1367
01:19:44,640 --> 01:19:47,800
REPORTER: Good afternoon and we
start with some breaking news,

1368
01:19:47,840 --> 01:19:51,160
President Trump has been banned,
indefinitely, from Facebook,

1369
01:19:51,200 --> 01:19:54,080
according to Mark Zuckerberg.
In a statement, he said,

1370
01:19:54,120 --> 01:19:56,960
"The current context is now
fundamentally different,

1371
01:19:57,000 --> 01:20:00,640
involving use of our platform
to incite violent insurrection

1372
01:20:00,680 --> 01:20:03,320
against a democratically
elected government.

1373
01:20:16,920 --> 01:20:20,480
FRENKEL: When I started reporting on
Facebook, I realised very quickly

1374
01:20:20,520 --> 01:20:23,840
that you needed to have sources
at all levels of the company.

1375
01:20:25,000 --> 01:20:27,680
People who work at Facebook are not
used to speaking to the press

1376
01:20:27,720 --> 01:20:30,120
because they've been instilled
with such a fear of what

1377
01:20:30,160 --> 01:20:32,680
talking to the press
can do for their careers.

1378
01:20:34,480 --> 01:20:39,080
There is a very serious top-down
threat of if you speak to the press,

1379
01:20:39,120 --> 01:20:41,120
you will not just be fired.

1380
01:20:41,160 --> 01:20:44,520
You will never work in tech again.
Your name will be blacklisted.

1381
01:20:45,720 --> 01:20:48,480
It's compounded by these
very fierce NDAs,

1382
01:20:48,520 --> 01:20:51,120
which stands for
non-disclosure agreements,

1383
01:20:51,160 --> 01:20:53,240
that the people who work there
have to sign.

1384
01:20:53,280 --> 01:20:56,560
I used to work in the Middle East,
and I used to speak to people

1385
01:20:56,600 --> 01:20:59,640
who were dissenters in governments
with dictatorships and monarchies

1386
01:20:59,680 --> 01:21:02,320
where speaking to the press
meant being imprisoned.

1387
01:21:02,360 --> 01:21:06,920
And I had an easier time getting
people in those countries

1388
01:21:06,960 --> 01:21:08,840
to speak to me sometimes than I did

1389
01:21:08,880 --> 01:21:11,120
getting employees at Facebook
to speak to me.

1390
01:21:12,280 --> 01:21:14,600
Facebook for most of its history,

1391
01:21:14,640 --> 01:21:17,840
has had an entire department
dedicated to finding leakers.

1392
01:21:17,880 --> 01:21:20,640
People who speak to journalists
are rooted out

1393
01:21:20,680 --> 01:21:22,960
and fired in very public ways
within the company.

1394
01:21:23,000 --> 01:21:25,080
They're constantly talked about.

1395
01:21:25,120 --> 01:21:28,240
At one point, it was fairly common
to talk about them as rats.

1396
01:21:32,360 --> 01:21:35,560
In the aftermath of January six,
I realised the only way Facebook

1397
01:21:35,600 --> 01:21:38,720
could save itself is if they
got help from the outside

1398
01:21:38,760 --> 01:21:40,600
and so I was ready
to blow the whistle.

1399
01:21:45,760 --> 01:21:49,160
Imagine you come in and you think
it's a crisis,

1400
01:21:49,200 --> 01:21:51,920
and then you actually sit there and
start accumulating the case

1401
01:21:51,960 --> 01:21:54,200
to prove the crisis.

1402
01:21:54,240 --> 01:21:56,080
You know, you think you
know how bad it is.

1403
01:21:56,120 --> 01:21:59,120
And now you're like, you're looking
at the whole stack of evidence.

1404
01:21:59,160 --> 01:22:02,600
You're like, "Oh, this is far worse
than I thought it was.

1405
01:22:04,800 --> 01:22:08,760
It took me a long time to figure out
how could I document what the public

1406
01:22:08,800 --> 01:22:11,360
needed to know in a way
that would be effective?

1407
01:22:11,400 --> 01:22:13,840
And I took a bunch of screenshots.

1408
01:22:13,880 --> 01:22:16,800
Every time there'd be something
that was sufficiently embarrassing,

1409
01:22:16,840 --> 01:22:19,320
they would put up a wall
around information.

1410
01:22:19,360 --> 01:22:22,240
And so my fear was that, you know,
this was like the last chance,

1411
01:22:22,280 --> 01:22:26,280
like I had to do a good job because
the public might never know.

1412
01:22:28,280 --> 01:22:31,040
Blowing the whistle
is very complicated,

1413
01:22:31,080 --> 01:22:33,480
and at some point my screen shot
stopped working.

1414
01:22:33,520 --> 01:22:36,200
And so I was like, "Oh,
so I know I'm being spied on."

1415
01:22:46,000 --> 01:22:49,160
I totally align myself with all
the possible consequences

1416
01:22:49,200 --> 01:22:51,240
of what Facebook might do
to me if they caught me,

1417
01:22:51,280 --> 01:22:53,920
because I assumed as soon
as that journalism happened,

1418
01:22:53,960 --> 01:22:56,640
they would know it was me
because they can go and triangulate

1419
01:22:56,680 --> 01:22:59,280
these are the documents. She's
the only way to access them.

1420
01:23:00,680 --> 01:23:03,760
In the run up to when the Wall
Street Journal began publishing,

1421
01:23:03,800 --> 01:23:06,040
my lawyers basically told me
that I was delusional,

1422
01:23:06,080 --> 01:23:08,520
they thought my identity
could stay a secret

1423
01:23:08,560 --> 01:23:11,200
because Facebook
at any point could out me

1424
01:23:11,240 --> 01:23:14,280
and a lot whistleblowers
are discredited.

1425
01:23:14,320 --> 01:23:16,840
And so I got basically gotten
presented with the choice, like,

1426
01:23:16,880 --> 01:23:19,080
do you want to tell your own story

1427
01:23:19,120 --> 01:23:21,240
or do you want them
to tell your story?

1428
01:23:28,520 --> 01:23:31,640
REPORTER: Scathing accusations
from a former Facebook executive

1429
01:23:31,680 --> 01:23:35,480
about how the company handles
hate content and misinformation.

1430
01:23:35,520 --> 01:23:37,440
REPORTER: She is the former employee

1431
01:23:37,480 --> 01:23:41,320
who is now accusing the social
media giant of knowing how harmful

1432
01:23:41,360 --> 01:23:44,280
their algorithm is
for our entire democracy.

1433
01:23:44,320 --> 01:23:48,760
KANG: When Frances Haugen
comes out from the shadows

1434
01:23:48,800 --> 01:23:51,040
as the whistleblower.

1435
01:23:51,080 --> 01:23:54,040
It was an astonishing moment.

1436
01:23:54,080 --> 01:23:57,520
A lot of what she had been saying
was what we had been hearing.

1437
01:23:57,560 --> 01:24:00,920
We had many Frances Haugen's,
but she had documents

1438
01:24:00,960 --> 01:24:04,480
and she was willing to put her face
and her name behind that.

1439
01:24:04,520 --> 01:24:06,640
She was willing to testify.

1440
01:24:06,680 --> 01:24:10,560
Facebook's products stoke division
and weaken our democracy.

1441
01:24:10,600 --> 01:24:12,600
Almost no one outside of Facebook

1442
01:24:12,640 --> 01:24:14,680
knows what happens
inside of Facebook.

1443
01:24:15,600 --> 01:24:19,440
The company intentionally hides
vital information from the public.

1444
01:24:20,960 --> 01:24:23,680
Perhaps one of the most disturbing

1445
01:24:23,720 --> 01:24:27,520
and surprising revelations
from Frances Haugen

1446
01:24:27,560 --> 01:24:30,000
was that there were internal studies

1447
01:24:30,040 --> 01:24:34,080
on how Facebook's
recommendation engines

1448
01:24:34,120 --> 01:24:36,960
can lead teenagers
into these rabbit holes.

1449
01:24:37,000 --> 01:24:39,840
REPORTER: A troubling new report
today spells out

1450
01:24:39,880 --> 01:24:42,320
what all that time on social media
is doing to our teenagers.

1451
01:24:42,360 --> 01:24:47,520
For example, a teenager looking
at some influencer of fitness

1452
01:24:47,560 --> 01:24:51,160
would then get served to them,
recommendations to diets,

1453
01:24:51,200 --> 01:24:54,240
and then that would then lead to

1454
01:24:54,280 --> 01:24:57,360
recommendations
for eating disorders,

1455
01:24:57,400 --> 01:25:00,880
things like bulimia,
how to become anorexic,

1456
01:25:00,920 --> 01:25:03,200
really destructive behaviour.

1457
01:25:03,240 --> 01:25:06,480
Content that elicits
an extreme reaction from you

1458
01:25:06,520 --> 01:25:09,920
is more likely to get a click,
a comment or reshare.

1459
01:25:09,960 --> 01:25:14,560
These are the kinds of rabbit holes
that were leading to suicide.

1460
01:25:14,600 --> 01:25:16,640
Thoughts of suicide ideation.

1461
01:25:16,680 --> 01:25:19,120
And Facebook understood this.

1462
01:25:19,160 --> 01:25:21,160
It was, in fact, studying this.

1463
01:25:21,200 --> 01:25:24,080
The company's leadership knows
how to make Facebook

1464
01:25:24,120 --> 01:25:27,360
and Instagram safer but won't make
the necessary changes

1465
01:25:27,400 --> 01:25:31,360
because they have put their
astronomical profits before people.

1466
01:25:50,760 --> 01:25:54,680
It is time for us to adopt
a new company brand

1467
01:25:54,720 --> 01:25:57,920
to encompass everything that we do,

1468
01:25:57,960 --> 01:26:01,680
to reflect who we are
and what we hope to build.

1469
01:26:01,720 --> 01:26:04,480
I am proud to announce
that starting today,

1470
01:26:04,520 --> 01:26:07,920
our company is now Meta.

1471
01:26:07,960 --> 01:26:09,960
I gotta pause that.

1472
01:26:10,000 --> 01:26:12,480
Look. L- Look!

1473
01:26:13,920 --> 01:26:17,640
Let's remember, all this pride

1474
01:26:17,680 --> 01:26:20,880
and this cocky stuff
was at the exact moment

1475
01:26:20,920 --> 01:26:24,920
when all of Frances Haugen's
whistleblowing revelations

1476
01:26:24,960 --> 01:26:28,480
were cascading
across the news media.

1477
01:26:28,520 --> 01:26:30,960
When they were getting new
articles every day

1478
01:26:31,000 --> 01:26:34,320
based on Frances Haugen's
documentation that, basically,

1479
01:26:34,360 --> 01:26:39,120
proved their culpability,
at the height of that period.

1480
01:26:39,160 --> 01:26:42,200
They had a big press conference
to change their name

1481
01:26:42,240 --> 01:26:45,560
and make their new strategy,
the Metaverse!

1482
01:26:45,600 --> 01:26:48,600
And you know what? It worked.

1483
01:26:51,480 --> 01:26:53,480
Now...

1484
01:26:54,600 --> 01:26:57,320
You know, I really just cared about
building something that

1485
01:26:57,360 --> 01:27:00,200
my girls are going to grow up
and be proud of me for.

1486
01:27:01,680 --> 01:27:05,720
And I mean, that's what is kind of my
guiding philosophy at this point is,

1487
01:27:05,760 --> 01:27:09,800
and I- you know, come and work on a
lot of hard things during the day.

1488
01:27:09,840 --> 01:27:13,960
And I go home and just ask, "Will my
girls be proud of what I did today?"

1489
01:27:18,400 --> 01:27:22,000
FRENKEL: There's no doubt history
is going to remember Mark Zuckerberg

1490
01:27:22,040 --> 01:27:24,800
for creating the first really
global social media company.

1491
01:27:26,000 --> 01:27:30,440
I don't see how we as a society
go back in time to a point where

1492
01:27:30,480 --> 01:27:33,360
we're not all instantaneously
connected to everyone

1493
01:27:33,400 --> 01:27:35,400
we want to be connected
to all over the world.

1494
01:27:35,440 --> 01:27:37,840
It really has created a new reality.

1495
01:27:41,240 --> 01:27:45,280
I think the people closest to Mark
that have now left the company

1496
01:27:45,320 --> 01:27:48,720
and reflect on their time
there say that

1497
01:27:48,760 --> 01:27:51,640
the biggest problems
at Facebook come

1498
01:27:51,680 --> 01:27:54,960
because of the absolute power
that was handed to one individual.

1499
01:27:55,000 --> 01:27:57,560
It's the President
of the United States!

1500
01:27:59,480 --> 01:28:03,000
And that no matter how smart
you were as a 19 or 20-year-old

1501
01:28:03,040 --> 01:28:05,600
in creating a very specific type of
technology,

1502
01:28:05,640 --> 01:28:08,080
there is just no situation
in which it is appropriate

1503
01:28:08,120 --> 01:28:11,680
for one person to have
unbridled power

1504
01:28:11,720 --> 01:28:14,360
and decision-making over
such a large group of people.

1505
01:28:14,400 --> 01:28:17,520
And that by having really no cheques
and balances

1506
01:28:17,560 --> 01:28:20,360
on Mark Zuckerberg's
power or his decision making,

1507
01:28:20,400 --> 01:28:23,240
Facebook ultimately made
a number of mistakes

1508
01:28:23,280 --> 01:28:26,160
that affected millions of people
all over the world.

1509
01:28:39,320 --> 01:28:42,800
When someone becomes
worth $100 billion

1510
01:28:42,840 --> 01:28:45,560
and is the richest person
in human history of that age,

1511
01:28:45,600 --> 01:28:51,000
it makes them feel magical...
unchallengeable

1512
01:28:51,040 --> 01:28:56,800
and, I feel, self-justifying
to a tremendously harmful degree.

1513
01:29:04,520 --> 01:29:08,880
KANG: The main question of Facebook
going forward is,

1514
01:29:08,920 --> 01:29:10,920
who keeps Mark Zuckerberg in check?

1515
01:29:12,440 --> 01:29:16,000
There are very few people
that hold him accountable.

1516
01:29:16,040 --> 01:29:19,000
Who's the one who tells him, "Mark,

1517
01:29:19,040 --> 01:29:21,720
that decision may not be good
for the company?

1518
01:29:21,760 --> 01:29:24,120
It may not be good
for the business model."

1519
01:29:25,040 --> 01:29:28,400
And very importantly,
who is asking him,

1520
01:29:28,440 --> 01:29:32,560
"Mark Zuckerberg, is that decision
you're making good for the world?"

1521
01:30:07,760 --> 01:30:14,720
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