1 00:00:17,727 --> 00:00:19,187 ‎在努迦森林中心地带 2 00:00:20,521 --> 00:00:22,857 ‎一只黑猩猩已死于非命 3 00:00:26,861 --> 00:00:27,862 ‎是猪肉馅饼 4 00:00:42,210 --> 00:00:43,377 ‎要实施这样的杀戮 5 00:00:44,879 --> 00:00:47,757 ‎凶手得悄无声息地进入这片领地 6 00:00:52,887 --> 00:00:55,098 ‎除它们自己外 只有一个族群能办到 7 00:00:58,726 --> 00:01:01,729 ‎努迦黑猩猩对此族群再熟悉不过了 8 00:01:11,823 --> 00:01:12,824 ‎西部族群 9 00:01:19,247 --> 00:01:21,666 ‎战争正在逼近努迦 10 00:01:24,627 --> 00:01:30,049 ‎片名:黑猩猩帝国 11 00:01:31,843 --> 00:01:35,346 ‎(努迦西部) 12 00:01:35,346 --> 00:01:39,016 ‎(两天前) 13 00:02:17,013 --> 00:02:20,725 ‎努迦西部的黑猩猩是个独立的族群 14 00:02:22,226 --> 00:02:23,728 ‎它们有自己的领地 15 00:02:28,316 --> 00:02:29,775 ‎西部族群颇为不同 16 00:02:35,489 --> 00:02:38,826 ‎相比杰克森的中部族群 ‎这个族群的规模要小得多 17 00:02:41,621 --> 00:02:43,247 ‎但它们团结紧密 18 00:02:44,415 --> 00:02:46,125 ‎团结就是力量 19 00:02:57,011 --> 00:02:59,388 ‎这种族群中只有八只雄性 20 00:03:00,014 --> 00:03:02,642 ‎中部族群中则有24只雄性 21 00:03:04,727 --> 00:03:06,020 ‎所以雌性黑猩猩 22 00:03:07,021 --> 00:03:08,731 ‎跟雄性紧紧相随 23 00:03:09,941 --> 00:03:11,651 ‎携手保卫领地 24 00:03:18,074 --> 00:03:20,368 {\an8}‎(哈切森 27岁) 25 00:03:20,368 --> 00:03:22,703 {\an8}‎这个族群的领袖哈切森很强大 26 00:03:24,205 --> 00:03:26,040 ‎但它与杰克森不同 27 00:03:26,874 --> 00:03:29,043 ‎它统领族群自有一套 28 00:03:30,711 --> 00:03:33,422 ‎在这里 大家平起平坐 29 00:03:37,176 --> 00:03:40,513 ‎所有成年雄性都承担重要角色 30 00:03:46,435 --> 00:03:47,561 {\an8}‎(加里森 44岁) 31 00:03:47,561 --> 00:03:50,898 {\an8}‎加里森就是这样一只雄性 32 00:03:51,941 --> 00:03:53,985 ‎作为雄性黑猩猩 它已年老 33 00:03:53,985 --> 00:03:56,737 ‎但年岁越长 见识越广 34 00:04:07,248 --> 00:04:09,583 ‎它对努迦的每棵树了如指掌 35 00:04:10,501 --> 00:04:13,462 ‎它对整片森林的分布了然于胸 36 00:04:17,258 --> 00:04:18,926 ‎如果什么地方有食物 37 00:04:20,386 --> 00:04:21,345 ‎它定有所获 38 00:04:49,582 --> 00:04:51,125 ‎觅食是一项艰苦的工作 39 00:04:55,588 --> 00:04:57,548 ‎通常回报甚少 40 00:05:23,908 --> 00:05:27,661 ‎这一次 加里森带领西部族群 ‎享受了一场难得的盛宴 41 00:05:51,227 --> 00:05:52,728 ‎黑猩猩喜食野生蜂蜜 42 00:05:59,819 --> 00:06:01,570 ‎但好景不长 43 00:06:02,405 --> 00:06:04,448 ‎野生蜂蜜无法养活整个族群 44 00:06:08,494 --> 00:06:09,328 ‎因为这一点 45 00:06:09,328 --> 00:06:11,539 ‎西部族群需要水果 46 00:06:20,256 --> 00:06:27,221 ‎(猪肉馅饼死亡当日) 47 00:06:34,937 --> 00:06:36,272 ‎成熟的果实 48 00:06:36,897 --> 00:06:39,024 ‎是努迦最重要的食物 49 00:06:40,276 --> 00:06:41,277 ‎眼下 50 00:06:42,194 --> 00:06:46,157 ‎最珍贵的果树 ‎生长在西部领地的边缘地带 51 00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:52,121 ‎位于杰克森麾下 52 00:06:53,080 --> 00:06:54,707 ‎中部族群的边界地带 53 00:07:02,256 --> 00:07:03,132 {\an8}‎(罗林斯 35岁) 54 00:07:03,132 --> 00:07:06,302 {\an8}‎罗林斯负责西部巡逻 55 00:07:10,139 --> 00:07:13,350 ‎多年来 它守卫着努迦边界 56 00:07:21,150 --> 00:07:23,861 {\an8}‎(达米安 14岁) 57 00:07:23,861 --> 00:07:26,530 {\an8}‎达米安是它的弟弟 58 00:07:29,241 --> 00:07:30,868 ‎它正值青少年时期 59 00:07:32,161 --> 00:07:33,621 ‎但已经很强壮了 60 00:07:35,915 --> 00:07:36,916 ‎自信 61 00:07:39,126 --> 00:07:40,252 ‎聪明过人 62 00:07:44,131 --> 00:07:46,008 ‎在前往边界的途中 63 00:07:46,509 --> 00:07:48,302 ‎这对坚不可摧的兄弟 64 00:07:49,428 --> 00:07:50,429 ‎负责领队 65 00:08:15,913 --> 00:08:17,873 ‎随着它们越来越靠近边界 66 00:08:17,873 --> 00:08:21,418 ‎加里森紧盯着每一位成员 67 00:09:03,002 --> 00:09:04,920 ‎它们已进入边界 68 00:09:06,213 --> 00:09:09,300 ‎杰克森的中部族群亦在此觅食 69 00:09:09,300 --> 00:09:12,177 ‎所以这是森林里的危险地带 70 00:09:25,107 --> 00:09:26,859 {\an8}‎(罗林斯) 71 00:09:26,859 --> 00:09:28,485 {\an8}‎但此番冒险不枉此行 72 00:09:29,737 --> 00:09:32,448 ‎有一棵巨大的无花果树结满了果实 73 00:09:34,033 --> 00:09:36,076 ‎正好解决了这个族群的需求 74 00:09:40,164 --> 00:09:43,626 {\an8}‎(达米安) 75 00:10:38,847 --> 00:10:40,641 ‎族群里的大多数黑猩猩吃得很开心 76 00:10:43,310 --> 00:10:45,854 ‎罗林斯和达米安却不能 77 00:10:53,946 --> 00:10:57,324 ‎巡逻在一定程度上是为了保护资源 78 00:10:59,243 --> 00:11:00,369 ‎但不止如此 79 00:11:03,539 --> 00:11:07,084 ‎黑猩猩总会尽可能地努力拓张领域 80 00:11:09,628 --> 00:11:10,587 ‎为实现这一目标 81 00:11:10,587 --> 00:11:14,133 ‎它们寻找并攻击对手 82 00:11:18,637 --> 00:11:20,055 ‎如果它们能以少胜多的话 83 00:11:23,976 --> 00:11:27,896 ‎所以罗林斯和达米安不能单独行动 84 00:11:28,939 --> 00:11:32,693 ‎其他雄性得紧随其后 85 00:12:01,430 --> 00:12:04,016 ‎它们不断深入中部领地 86 00:12:09,646 --> 00:12:11,482 ‎这个族群规模很小 87 00:12:11,482 --> 00:12:15,068 ‎它们不清楚 ‎可能会遇到多少敌对的黑猩猩 88 00:12:16,111 --> 00:12:17,362 ‎它们得小心翼翼 89 00:12:18,906 --> 00:12:19,907 ‎悄然行事 90 00:12:25,329 --> 00:12:28,499 ‎达米安从小到大都追随罗林斯 91 00:12:29,625 --> 00:12:32,044 ‎它们之间的感情很深厚 92 00:12:44,515 --> 00:12:46,099 ‎在秘密行动中 93 00:12:46,099 --> 00:12:49,603 ‎生死可能仅一线之隔 94 00:12:59,446 --> 00:13:01,406 ‎巡逻的黑猩猩听到了动静 95 00:13:28,642 --> 00:13:29,643 ‎是猪肉馅饼 96 00:13:33,105 --> 00:13:34,106 ‎它形单影只 97 00:15:09,326 --> 00:15:10,327 ‎像人类一样 98 00:15:11,411 --> 00:15:13,622 ‎黑猩猩是群居动物 99 00:15:15,707 --> 00:15:17,084 ‎但与人类不同的是 100 00:15:18,251 --> 00:15:20,545 ‎它们仅限于与族群内的成员 101 00:15:20,545 --> 00:15:23,215 ‎建立各种关系 102 00:15:26,843 --> 00:15:28,845 ‎它们极具地盘性和群落性 103 00:15:30,013 --> 00:15:31,014 ‎这点不可避免 104 00:15:37,646 --> 00:15:40,774 ‎争夺资源是它们的天性 105 00:15:42,776 --> 00:15:46,113 ‎把敌对族群里的黑猩猩视为异类 106 00:15:48,198 --> 00:15:50,784 ‎攻击和杀害对方 107 00:16:00,043 --> 00:16:03,547 ‎黑猩猩的生活面临永无止境的冲突 108 00:16:13,390 --> 00:16:14,516 ‎对于西部族群来说 109 00:16:15,142 --> 00:16:16,643 ‎猪肉馅饼非我族类 110 00:16:19,104 --> 00:16:20,939 ‎一旦它们发现它形单影只 111 00:16:22,858 --> 00:16:24,067 ‎它就在劫难逃 112 00:17:18,121 --> 00:17:19,915 ‎所有黑猩猩都具有两面性 113 00:17:30,717 --> 00:17:35,097 ‎像罗林斯这样的成年雄性 ‎可能温柔而顽皮 114 00:17:44,940 --> 00:17:46,900 ‎也可能非常残暴 115 00:17:52,531 --> 00:17:55,617 ‎但对这个社会来说 ‎残暴的一面是不可或缺的一部分 116 00:17:58,912 --> 00:18:02,999 ‎族群之间的领土冲突不是财富之争 117 00:18:04,042 --> 00:18:06,211 ‎而是生存之战 118 00:18:16,012 --> 00:18:18,390 ‎西部族群要养育众多成员 119 00:18:24,146 --> 00:18:25,522 ‎族群规模不断扩大 120 00:18:37,325 --> 00:18:39,161 ‎它们需要更多地盘 121 00:18:42,539 --> 00:18:43,498 ‎更多食物 122 00:18:58,763 --> 00:19:02,767 ‎它们与更大、更强的族群发生冲突 123 00:19:05,854 --> 00:19:08,106 ‎所以胜算不大 124 00:19:09,691 --> 00:19:10,692 ‎就眼下来说 125 00:19:45,310 --> 00:19:47,437 ‎西部族群可能规模较小 126 00:19:50,982 --> 00:19:51,900 ‎但它们团结一心 127 00:19:58,949 --> 00:20:01,117 ‎成员之间拥有强大的凝聚力 128 00:20:07,916 --> 00:20:09,167 ‎互帮互助 129 00:20:09,668 --> 00:20:15,674 ‎(嘉宝 65岁) 130 00:20:17,300 --> 00:20:20,637 ‎嘉宝是努迦最年长的黑猩猩 131 00:20:23,765 --> 00:20:27,310 ‎对于黑猩猩来说 65岁是难得的高寿 132 00:20:31,523 --> 00:20:33,900 ‎它在族群中仍然德高望重 133 00:20:44,995 --> 00:20:47,747 {\an8}‎(哈切森) 134 00:20:47,747 --> 00:20:49,833 ‎这也得益于它的儿子是族群领袖 135 00:20:51,835 --> 00:20:55,755 ‎有儿子的照拂 嘉宝活得很悠哉 136 00:20:57,757 --> 00:20:59,592 ‎大家都很尊重它 137 00:21:12,647 --> 00:21:14,024 ‎嘉宝还育有一子 138 00:21:20,947 --> 00:21:21,781 ‎里奇蒙 139 00:21:21,781 --> 00:21:22,699 ‎(里奇蒙 34岁) 140 00:21:22,699 --> 00:21:24,826 ‎尽管它面临诸多问题 141 00:21:25,744 --> 00:21:27,245 ‎但还是会照顾母亲 142 00:21:30,540 --> 00:21:31,750 ‎身为一只年轻的黑猩猩 143 00:21:32,542 --> 00:21:35,503 ‎里奇蒙落入偷猎者的陷阱 ‎因而失去了一只手 144 00:21:45,513 --> 00:21:48,475 ‎虽然森林里的一切都更加艰难 145 00:21:58,234 --> 00:21:59,736 ‎但它不仅活了下来 146 00:22:00,236 --> 00:22:01,237 ‎还活得风生水起 147 00:22:10,413 --> 00:22:13,166 ‎里奇蒙曾经是西部族群的领袖 148 00:22:15,085 --> 00:22:17,670 ‎直到弟弟取代了它的位置 149 00:22:23,343 --> 00:22:25,095 ‎但它依然大权在握 150 00:22:26,429 --> 00:22:27,430 ‎影响力不减当年 151 00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:44,989 ‎西部族群中成年雄性数量少 152 00:22:45,824 --> 00:22:48,201 ‎如果它们与中部族群的较量升级 153 00:22:48,201 --> 00:22:49,369 ‎这会令它们面临危险 154 00:22:56,501 --> 00:22:58,294 ‎有些年少的雄性也想上位 155 00:22:59,170 --> 00:23:02,966 {\an8}‎(伯格 10岁) 156 00:23:02,966 --> 00:23:05,510 {\an8}‎但上位的过程充满艰难险阻 157 00:23:11,724 --> 00:23:13,351 ‎伯格是孤儿 158 00:23:14,144 --> 00:23:15,979 ‎它不得不早点成熟起来 159 00:23:19,232 --> 00:23:20,733 ‎想法设法存活下去 160 00:23:24,028 --> 00:23:25,613 ‎但作为正值青春期的雄性 161 00:23:26,448 --> 00:23:29,826 ‎它正在改变 想跃跃欲试 展现威力 162 00:23:40,003 --> 00:23:42,505 ‎它想努力表现得很强势 163 00:23:56,144 --> 00:23:57,562 ‎它得小心行事 164 00:23:59,314 --> 00:24:01,524 ‎它开始树大招风了 165 00:24:12,619 --> 00:24:14,829 ‎在雄性黑猩猩生命的这个阶段 166 00:24:16,748 --> 00:24:20,084 ‎已站稳脚跟的雄性 ‎开始视它们为对手 167 00:24:20,084 --> 00:24:22,295 ‎(巴克纳 21岁) 168 00:24:32,222 --> 00:24:33,890 ‎伯格想略展雄风 169 00:24:33,890 --> 00:24:35,892 ‎却足以给它招来麻烦 170 00:25:15,807 --> 00:25:19,602 ‎伯格攻击性很强 总有一天 ‎西部族群对抗敌人时 这会派上用场 171 00:25:22,814 --> 00:25:25,483 ‎就眼下来说 它锐气受挫 172 00:25:26,484 --> 00:25:28,486 ‎它的手也受了重伤 173 00:25:58,516 --> 00:26:00,810 {\an8}‎乔雅也是孤儿 174 00:26:00,810 --> 00:26:03,104 {\an8}‎(乔雅 10岁) 175 00:26:03,104 --> 00:26:04,731 {\an8}‎它跟伯格年纪相仿 176 00:26:10,612 --> 00:26:12,322 ‎它也开始改变了 177 00:26:42,644 --> 00:26:44,979 ‎它的母性本能开始增强 178 00:26:46,272 --> 00:26:48,650 ‎它想帮忙照顾孤儿 179 00:26:59,619 --> 00:27:01,371 ‎由于缺乏母亲的教导 180 00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:07,126 ‎它的育儿技巧还有待改进 181 00:27:21,474 --> 00:27:22,558 ‎跟伯格不一样 182 00:27:23,059 --> 00:27:24,435 ‎说到乔雅 183 00:27:26,437 --> 00:27:27,980 ‎大家都非常包容 184 00:27:36,030 --> 00:27:39,325 ‎它从一些经验丰富的母亲那里取经 185 00:27:39,325 --> 00:27:41,994 {\an8}‎(卡森 27岁) 186 00:27:41,994 --> 00:27:45,707 {\an8}‎(伊奥 三岁) 187 00:27:46,916 --> 00:27:49,085 ‎卡森已是两个孩子的妈妈 188 00:27:50,795 --> 00:27:52,171 ‎它又怀孕了 189 00:27:56,926 --> 00:27:58,136 ‎它是个好妈妈 190 00:27:59,178 --> 00:28:01,848 ‎但在西部 它得肩负更多责任 191 00:28:09,355 --> 00:28:11,607 ‎它跟雄性一起巡逻 192 00:28:12,942 --> 00:28:14,235 ‎还参与狩猎 193 00:28:19,824 --> 00:28:21,826 ‎西部族群集体狩猎 194 00:28:21,826 --> 00:28:24,203 ‎雄性和雌性一起出动 195 00:28:24,829 --> 00:28:25,913 ‎并肩作战 196 00:28:59,530 --> 00:29:02,492 ‎黑白疣猴可不是好对付的目标 197 00:29:10,041 --> 00:29:11,876 ‎它们行动迅速 动作敏捷 198 00:29:15,630 --> 00:29:16,964 ‎要抓住它们 199 00:29:16,964 --> 00:29:18,925 ‎黑猩猩必须团结合作 200 00:29:29,727 --> 00:29:31,312 ‎对里奇蒙来说 狩猎是件难事 201 00:29:36,108 --> 00:29:38,194 ‎但它知道跟上大部队会有好处 202 00:29:59,841 --> 00:30:01,217 ‎这次狩猎收获颇丰 203 00:30:06,514 --> 00:30:07,849 ‎树梢上 204 00:30:09,100 --> 00:30:10,393 ‎大家有肉共享 205 00:30:14,063 --> 00:30:16,983 {\an8}‎(哈切森) 206 00:30:19,193 --> 00:30:20,736 ‎若里奇蒙想分一杯羹 207 00:30:21,696 --> 00:30:23,656 ‎就得上树去认领 208 00:31:14,415 --> 00:31:16,250 ‎嘉宝年事已高 不能参加狩猎 209 00:31:17,251 --> 00:31:19,837 ‎但这它依然能分得一杯羹 210 00:31:36,896 --> 00:31:39,815 ‎嘉宝抚养里奇蒙长大 211 00:31:42,026 --> 00:31:44,028 ‎现在由它来赡养嘉宝 212 00:31:48,950 --> 00:31:50,576 ‎努迦的生活有时很艰难 213 00:31:51,744 --> 00:31:53,621 ‎有家人可以依靠 214 00:31:54,830 --> 00:31:56,457 ‎可以让日子稍微轻松一点 215 00:31:56,457 --> 00:31:58,125 ‎(卡森 伊奥) 216 00:32:24,819 --> 00:32:27,738 ‎大多数黑猩猩与母亲感情深厚 217 00:32:37,289 --> 00:32:39,750 ‎但伯格无亲无故 218 00:32:47,341 --> 00:32:49,635 ‎所有雄性黑猩猩都会经历这个阶段 219 00:32:53,264 --> 00:32:55,683 ‎成长过程中 它们难免会挨揍 220 00:33:13,242 --> 00:33:15,411 ‎但对孤儿来说 情况会雪上加霜 221 00:33:19,123 --> 00:33:20,916 ‎没有母亲的安慰 222 00:33:22,960 --> 00:33:25,421 ‎伯格孤独度日 223 00:33:34,638 --> 00:33:36,724 ‎它缺乏的不仅是亲情 224 00:33:42,063 --> 00:33:45,149 ‎梳毛对保持健康至关重要 225 00:33:50,071 --> 00:33:51,072 ‎没有同伴梳毛 226 00:33:51,655 --> 00:33:53,115 ‎伯格可能会体弱多病 227 00:34:14,011 --> 00:34:16,847 ‎黑猩猩通常不会在雨中活动 228 00:34:17,723 --> 00:34:20,643 ‎但西部族群并没有找地方避雨 229 00:34:30,236 --> 00:34:32,488 ‎暴风雨似乎赋予了它们力量 230 00:35:02,643 --> 00:35:03,519 ‎作为一个群族 231 00:35:04,979 --> 00:35:06,021 ‎它们越来越强大 232 00:35:29,461 --> 00:35:30,796 ‎伯格依然形单影只 233 00:35:32,882 --> 00:35:33,924 ‎它生病了 234 00:35:36,844 --> 00:35:39,513 ‎它的脸被寄生虫感染了 235 00:35:56,322 --> 00:35:57,323 ‎它需要帮助 236 00:36:18,052 --> 00:36:21,096 ‎麂羚通常会害怕黑猩猩 237 00:36:23,515 --> 00:36:24,391 ‎但目前这种状态 238 00:36:26,101 --> 00:36:27,269 ‎伯格毫无威胁 239 00:36:48,624 --> 00:36:51,085 ‎族群中的大部分成员 ‎未察觉伯格不见了 240 00:36:54,880 --> 00:36:58,092 {\an8}‎(加里森) 241 00:37:03,931 --> 00:37:05,099 ‎不过有只黑猩猩察觉了 242 00:37:29,915 --> 00:37:31,166 ‎随着年岁增长 243 00:37:31,166 --> 00:37:33,335 ‎雄性黑猩猩的攻击性会减弱 244 00:37:34,628 --> 00:37:35,629 ‎变得更有爱心 245 00:37:40,134 --> 00:37:41,093 ‎有时候 246 00:37:42,261 --> 00:37:45,014 ‎它们会出手相助 照料孤儿 247 00:37:50,477 --> 00:37:52,646 ‎西部族群需要伯格 248 00:37:53,939 --> 00:37:55,899 ‎但它若想找到自己的一席之地 249 00:37:55,899 --> 00:37:58,694 ‎就得学会控制自己的攻击性 250 00:38:03,741 --> 00:38:06,910 ‎加里森这样经验丰富的黑猩猩支持它 251 00:38:07,828 --> 00:38:08,829 ‎还要希望 252 00:38:18,839 --> 00:38:21,925 ‎乔雅花更多时间照顾婴儿 253 00:38:27,222 --> 00:38:28,432 ‎它在学习 254 00:38:28,432 --> 00:38:31,518 ‎等到它生儿育女时 255 00:38:31,518 --> 00:38:32,811 ‎它会胸有成竹 256 00:38:38,942 --> 00:38:41,028 ‎伯格和乔雅努力摸索 257 00:38:43,614 --> 00:38:47,117 ‎慢慢学习如何在黑猩猩社会中 ‎发挥自己的作用 258 00:39:01,632 --> 00:39:03,884 ‎这样的社会需要生生不息 259 00:39:06,595 --> 00:39:08,931 ‎就像它们生活中的每一天 260 00:39:09,431 --> 00:39:12,893 ‎西部族群必须出发 前去觅食 261 00:39:37,042 --> 00:39:39,545 ‎达米安有所发现 262 00:39:41,797 --> 00:39:43,882 ‎这不是司空见惯的水果 263 00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:49,888 ‎这是金星果 264 00:39:52,641 --> 00:39:55,519 ‎努迦最稀有、最丰厚的战利品 265 00:39:58,814 --> 00:40:01,817 ‎每隔几年 它就会大获丰收 266 00:40:07,030 --> 00:40:08,198 ‎这种情况难以预测 267 00:40:09,158 --> 00:40:10,534 ‎待到硕果累累时 268 00:40:13,454 --> 00:40:16,331 ‎黑猩猩的食物会数不胜数 269 00:40:31,263 --> 00:40:33,307 ‎大多数金星果树 270 00:40:34,016 --> 00:40:35,350 ‎生长在中部领地的 271 00:40:36,727 --> 00:40:38,228 ‎边缘地带 272 00:40:47,821 --> 00:40:51,325 ‎但西部族群的雄性黑猩猩 ‎很清楚去哪里寻找 273 00:41:01,126 --> 00:41:02,711 ‎因为多年来 274 00:41:03,670 --> 00:41:04,963 ‎那些树 275 00:41:05,881 --> 00:41:07,174 ‎那片领地 276 00:41:08,342 --> 00:41:09,843 ‎曾经属于它们 277 00:41:22,314 --> 00:41:23,941 ‎现在时机已然来临 278 00:41:25,484 --> 00:41:26,610 ‎该夺回一切了 279 00:42:06,942 --> 00:42:11,530 ‎字幕翻译:琰炎