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[scanner beeping]

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[scanner beeping]

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You know, we're told to eat healthy,

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to sort of shop the perimeters
of the grocery stores,

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but I think what a lot
of people don't realize

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is... this also may be the riskiest areas.

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[somber music plays]

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You know, when I look around,

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I probably see 10, 15 different items.

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The product's been contaminated,
or I sued companies on behalf of victims.

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[suspenseful music plays]

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[chuckles] I've litigated plenty of cases
of romaine lettuce.

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Cut fruit, you know, countless outbreaks.

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Cut cantaloupe.

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Strawberries.

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Caramel apples.

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Tomatoes. Onions. Cookie dough.

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The Similac infant formula.

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Lucky Charms.

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Chicken, you know, all these products
are likely contaminated.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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It starts to feel, though, like nothing
is safe, and you can't eat. Right?

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Yeah, I mean, you know, the industry,
they send us these mixed messages.

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They want us to buy their product,

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but they ultimately don't want
to be responsible... for what they produce.

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Until I show up.

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["On the Beautiful Blue Danube"
by Balfe, Emanuel & Kofsky plays]

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We have by far the safest food supply
in the entire world.

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[woman 1] <i>The safest food supply
in the world.</i>

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Let's remember one thing,
we have the safest food supply

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in the world right here in the US.

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[reporter 1] The FDA is investigating
a hepatitis A outbreak,

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possibly linked
to organic fresh strawberries.

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A multistate salmonella outbreak.

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Health experts believe it is linked
to some Jif peanut butter products.

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{\an8}[reporter 2] <i>The recalls come
after at least two infant deaths</i>

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{\an8}<i>and several illnesses
were potentially tied to formula.</i>

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[reporter 3] A variety of brands
of raw cake mix have infected 16 people,

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one of which
developed a type of kidney failure.

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[woman 2] We talk about our food supply
being the safest in the world,

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and I believe it is.

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[reporter 4] People reported getting sick,
being hospitalized for liver dysfunction,

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and even having their gallbladders removed
in some cases.

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[reporter 5]
<i>One in four pieces of raw chicken</i>

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<i>is contaminated with salmonella.</i>

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[reporter 6] <i>The CDC announced
another E. coli outbreak</i>

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<i>is impacting romaine lettuce.</i>

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We have the safest food supply
in the world.

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{\an8}[reporter 7] Melons from a Colorado farm

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{\an8}are contaminated
with what is called "listeria."

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[reporter 8] <i>Every four minutes,
someone is rushed to the hospital</i>

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<i>because the food they ate made them sick.</i>

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We must continue to have
the safest food supply in the world.

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Safest food in the world.

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[man 1] <i>Safest food supply in the world.</i>

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Safest food supply.

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[woman 3] <i>Safest food supply in the world.</i>

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[man 2] We have the best, most efficient,
safest food supply in the entire world.

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By golly, we need to keep it that way.

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["On the Beautiful Blue Danube"
by Balfe, Emanuel & Kofsky ends]

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[news theme music plays]

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{\an8}[announcer] <i>Now, live at 11 o'clock.</i>

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{\an8}The warning tonight from health officials
here in the Northwest.

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{\an8}They say you should be on the lookout
for a life-threatening illness

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{\an8}that's cropping up in our area.

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Forty-five people are...

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[Bill] I actually remember this
like it was yesterday.

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[somber music plays]

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There was an E. coli outbreak
in the state of Washington

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linked to something unknown.

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{\an8}[man] The whole problem started

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{\an8}when a pediatric infectious-disease
specialist called me and said,

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{\an8}"I've got 11 people who I've seen

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{\an8}in about 30 hours with E. coli O157."

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I've never seen anything like this before.

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And that was a big red light for me

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that something bad was going on.

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[reporter 1] <i>Seven new cases
of E. coli poisoning were confirmed...</i>

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[reporter 2]
<i>...E. coli patients remain hospitalized.</i>

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[reporter 3] <i>There are 21 kids
in Western Washington hospitals.</i>

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<i>Some experts say
it's all about to get worse.</i>

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[John] We had no idea that it would be

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the largest foodborne outbreak
in the United States.

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[somber music plays]

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[man] I had just transferred
from active duty.

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I was a nuclear engineer
on a submarine in the Navy.

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I had a wife.

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I had a nine-year-old son
and a 16-month-old son at the time.

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{\an8}There had already been some news--
Some rumblings about an E. coli outbreak.

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{\an8}But it didn't mean anything to me.
I never heard of E. coli.

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"What's the worst that could happen?"

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E. coli poisoning is a fairly new illness.

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{\an8}Not much is known about why the bacteria
causes some people to get so sick.

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Mr. Kobayashi, can you tell us, uh,
the concern seems to be with secondary...

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{\an8}[John] A big part of the outbreak
was explaining what E. coli O157 was.

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I felt like I was, uh, Tony Fauci
for a couple of weeks. [chuckles]

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<i>The average incubation period for most,
uh, people is three to four days.</i>

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{\an8}<i>The problem is that it can take up to
nine days before a person becomes ill.</i>

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<i>The mainstay of disease prevention,
uh, for this type of illness</i>

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<i>is thorough washing of hands,
uh, either when...</i>

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E. coli is a general category of bacteria,

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and they're natural inhabitants
of everybody's intestines.

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There are
many, many different kinds of E. coli.

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Most don't do any harm at all.

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{\an8}But there are certain ones,
like E. coli O157,

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{\an8}that can make you real sick.

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{\an8}[tense music plays]

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Within a couple of days,

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{\an8}it became clear that it was linked
to Jack in the Box undercooked hamburgers.

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More than 150 people have become ill
after eating tainted hamburger meat

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at Jack in the Box restaurants
in Idaho and Washington State.

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One child has died.

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{\an8}So one of the big problems
with E. coli O157

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{\an8}is they produce
what's called a Shiga toxin.

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They get into the gut
and then start pumping out this toxin,

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and that toxin gets into the blood,
and that will kill blood cells,

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and then those lysed blood cells end up
causing organ failure,

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the kidneys to shut down.

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And that's how kids die.

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There are now more than 312 cases
in our state alone.

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And today there was another death.

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So when the Jack in the Box case hit,

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{\an8}I was my fourth year out of law school.

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I was 34 years old.

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I got a phone call
from a former client of mine

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who had a friend whose daughter,
Brianne Kiner, was in the hospital.

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They asked me to go meet with them.

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She'd been hospitalized for, you know,
four and a half, five months by then.

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There's so many mechanical things going on

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and wires going into her
and tubes going into her.

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And I walked out of the room.
I was crying.

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Because it was just really difficult,
you know?

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It's difficult even today
to think about, you know,

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Brianne in that situation.

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You know, she was... she was so vulnerable.

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And she just ate a freakin' hamburger.

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[tense music continues]

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The board of directors of Jack in the Box
is ordering a full investigation

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into the deadly mistake.

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The investigators
and the health department,

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{\an8}they were able to determine
that my kid got sick from this other kid

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{\an8}at the daycare center.

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{\an8}[reporter] <i>Children's Hospital
is treating 18 children this evening,</i>

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{\an8}<i>four of whom got E. coli</i>

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{\an8}<i>not from hamburgers but from someone else,</i>

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{\an8}<i>a secondary infection.</i>

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[heart monitor beeping]

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[Darin] All of a sudden,
there were two new doctors that came in.

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They announced that they believed

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he had developed
what's called hemolytic uremic syndrome.

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Which essentially is,

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when it gets so bad,

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the E. coli basically was eating him away
from the inside.

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That it was one organ after another.

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I remember saving newspaper clippings,
thinking someday I'll be able to

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communicate with my son and tell him how...

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how brave he was

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and how proud I was of him.

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{\an8}[reporter] I'd like to introduce
Vicki and Darin Detwiler,

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{\an8}whose 16-month-old son remains
in critical condition

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{\an8}at Tacoma's Mary Bridge Hospital.

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{\an8}My question to you now is,

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{\an8}what are you prepared to do
in regards to the tainted-meat problem?

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{\an8}First of all, we've got to make it clear
to people who are providing fast food

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{\an8}that they've got to do everything they can
to comply with our cooking regulations...

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{\an8}[John] The regulation in the United States

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{\an8}was that hamburger should be cooked
to at least 140 degrees.

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[thermometer beeping]

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In Washington State,

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we had changed that law
to 155 degrees because we noticed

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that many of the people with O157

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had eaten poorly cooked hamburger.

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[reporter] There's been lots
of attention on this story,

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{\an8}but I think there is still some confusion.

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{\an8}Was it undercooking or contaminated beef
that caused the problem?

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{\an8}Barry, I think that some of that confusion
has been probably from industry statements

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{\an8}trying to avoid some of the blame
for this. The answer is both.

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{\an8}The company was not following
the procedure

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{\an8}that was required
by the state of Washington,

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{\an8}which the company said
they didn't know anything about.

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[reporter] Do you believe, in retrospect,

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that Jack in the Box chose not to pay
attention to certain things, like the law?

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{\an8}No, I don't believe that at all.

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{\an8}We would never
choose not to pay attention to the law.

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Why... why would a company choose
not to pay attention to the law?

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[tense music plays]

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[Bill] During discovery, they dumped on me
about a million pages of documents.

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I am pretty confident that they thought
that I wouldn't go through them,

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but we started finding things
that were really interesting.

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An employee of Jack in the Box

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sent a letter in the suggestion box
to corporate headquarters saying,

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"Hey, we're undercooking our hamburgers,
and we're having customer complaints."

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And then you could see
the real paper trail.

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Not only did they receive
the new regulations

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from the state of Washington
for increased cook times

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but that they actually thought about it

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and made the decision
to essentially ignore it.

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[tense music continues, ends]

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Once I had that,

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00:11:16,885 --> 00:11:21,807
I called up the lawyer for Jack in the Box
and said, you know, "You're done."

201
00:11:21,807 --> 00:11:25,894
Jack in the Box now admits
it misplaced a Washington State advisory

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00:11:25,894 --> 00:11:29,940
directing that all hamburgers
must be cooked at 155 degrees.

203
00:11:29,940 --> 00:11:32,526
Jack in the Box
says it found the advisory when...

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As a parent, you try to protect your kids.

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00:11:36,071 --> 00:11:40,576
And then something that's invisible
comes along that you don't know about,

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00:11:40,576 --> 00:11:42,828
that you've never even heard of. [inhales]

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00:11:45,289 --> 00:11:46,915
It's so devastating.

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00:11:48,292 --> 00:11:51,962
Doctor says,
"You're gonna ask about second opinion

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00:11:51,962 --> 00:11:56,759
and third opinion, but there's zero chance
of recovery at this point."

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That, uh, "There's been
so much organ damage,

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00:12:01,221 --> 00:12:05,225
and we're not able
to get enough oxygen into him

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00:12:05,225 --> 00:12:08,604
and that the amount of brain damage
at this point,

213
00:12:08,604 --> 00:12:11,148
keeping him on life support any longer

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00:12:12,608 --> 00:12:15,277
would be... abusive."

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00:12:15,861 --> 00:12:17,196
Um...

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00:12:17,196 --> 00:12:19,865
"It's just...
it's not going to do anything."

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00:12:21,366 --> 00:12:25,496
{\an8}I asked them to take everything off
so I could hold him for a little while.

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00:12:26,538 --> 00:12:30,626
{\an8}And I actually had to get Dr. Crane
to come and... and check

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00:12:30,626 --> 00:12:34,004
{\an8}because somehow I kept thinking
that if I just held him close enough,

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00:12:34,004 --> 00:12:37,508
{\an8}that his heart would keep on beating
and that he'd keep on breathing.

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{\an8}[sad music plays]

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[Marion] Four children died.

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I mean, can you imagine?

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They died from a hamburger
at Jack in the Box.

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If you're the parent of one of those kids,
this is beyond your comprehension.

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And I have to say
that E. coli O157 deaths are pretty awful.

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They're not nice deaths.

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[indistinct background chatter]

229
00:13:08,455 --> 00:13:12,543
[Darin] Jack in the Box lawyers met
with us and offered us a settlement

230
00:13:12,543 --> 00:13:16,088
that included essentially a gag order
that we could never talk about it.

231
00:13:16,088 --> 00:13:17,756
{\an8}And I had already made the decision

232
00:13:17,756 --> 00:13:20,634
{\an8}that there's no way I was gonna keep quiet
for the rest of my life

233
00:13:20,634 --> 00:13:23,220
{\an8}about what was the cause
of my son's death.

234
00:13:23,220 --> 00:13:25,556
I couldn't handle the idea
of not doing anything,

235
00:13:25,556 --> 00:13:27,724
even if that meant
that I needed to change careers.

236
00:13:27,724 --> 00:13:30,269
I am a professor and assistant dean

237
00:13:30,269 --> 00:13:33,897
focused on regulatory affairs
of food and food industries...

238
00:13:33,897 --> 00:13:37,025
[off camera] I teach about food safety
and food policy as a professor.

239
00:13:37,025 --> 00:13:38,443
I teach grad students.

240
00:13:38,443 --> 00:13:44,324
I had to try to do something to prevent
others from being in the same situation.

241
00:13:45,033 --> 00:13:46,034
{\an8}Good evening, everyone.

242
00:13:46,034 --> 00:13:49,496
{\an8}It's the largest personal injury
settlement ever in our state.

243
00:13:49,496 --> 00:13:52,040
It looks like the parent company
for Jack in the Box restaurants

244
00:13:52,040 --> 00:13:55,335
will have to pay millions of dollars
for serving undercooked hamburgers.

245
00:13:55,335 --> 00:13:58,422
{\an8}Settlement is expected to cost
Jack in the Box at least $10 million.

246
00:13:58,422 --> 00:13:59,882
$4.4 million.

247
00:13:59,882 --> 00:14:02,009
$15.6 million.

248
00:14:02,009 --> 00:14:07,890
{\an8}We're very confident that, uh,
that money will be sufficient

249
00:14:07,890 --> 00:14:11,310
{\an8}to care for Brianne over the course
of her life, however...

250
00:14:11,310 --> 00:14:14,521
[man] Bill Marler not only became
the most important attorney

251
00:14:14,521 --> 00:14:17,733
in terms of handling lawsuits
against the companies

252
00:14:17,733 --> 00:14:19,943
{\an8}that are responsible for those outbreaks,

253
00:14:19,943 --> 00:14:22,779
{\an8}but he's also become
a much larger advocate.

254
00:14:22,779 --> 00:14:25,574
{\an8}I'm tired of visiting
with horribly sick kids

255
00:14:25,574 --> 00:14:27,868
{\an8}who did not have to be sick
in the first place.

256
00:14:27,868 --> 00:14:28,869
{\an8}I am outraged...

257
00:14:28,869 --> 00:14:31,246
{\an8}He has become one of the dominant voices

258
00:14:31,246 --> 00:14:33,248
in food safety reform
in the United States,

259
00:14:33,248 --> 00:14:35,584
having started out
as a plaintiff's attorney.

260
00:14:36,877 --> 00:14:40,839
[interviewer] Specific to Jack in the Box,
how did the burgers get contaminated?

261
00:14:41,340 --> 00:14:44,217
[hesitates] So, we don't know exactly

262
00:14:44,217 --> 00:14:48,597
how the Jack in the Box hamburger
got contaminated,

263
00:14:48,597 --> 00:14:51,767
but, you know,
generally, we know how it happens.

264
00:14:51,767 --> 00:14:54,102
[tense music plays]

265
00:14:54,102 --> 00:14:57,022
It's usually in the slaughter facility.

266
00:14:57,773 --> 00:15:01,652
It's, uh, nicking of a gut
of a cow during slaughter.

267
00:15:03,654 --> 00:15:08,575
But the whole meat industry was premised
on the fact that the slaughterhouses

268
00:15:08,575 --> 00:15:13,747
and the beef packers could essentially do
whatever they wanted to do.

269
00:15:15,624 --> 00:15:18,168
And it was up to consumers

270
00:15:19,795 --> 00:15:23,006
to cook the E. coli out of the product.

271
00:15:23,590 --> 00:15:25,842
[birds chirping]

272
00:15:27,552 --> 00:15:31,848
If you buy a piece of steak,
that's a piece of meat from one animal.

273
00:15:32,808 --> 00:15:36,812
If there is E. coli, it's on the outside.
It's not in the middle.

274
00:15:36,812 --> 00:15:39,898
So searing the steak would help kill that.

275
00:15:41,525 --> 00:15:45,028
The problem is that
when you buy ground beef,

276
00:15:45,028 --> 00:15:48,532
you now take the outsides,
and they're part of the insides.

277
00:15:49,950 --> 00:15:52,786
[tense music continues]

278
00:15:52,786 --> 00:15:55,080
Not only are you bringing
all the animals together

279
00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:56,915
and slaughtering them
in the same facility,

280
00:15:56,915 --> 00:15:59,584
now you're taking chunks
of multiple animals,

281
00:15:59,584 --> 00:16:02,087
and you're grinding them up
into one big mess.

282
00:16:04,047 --> 00:16:08,760
[Marion] Hamburger, sometimes,
is the result of mixing meat

283
00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:11,847
from as many as 400 animals.

284
00:16:11,847 --> 00:16:14,683
[chuckling] Kind of awful to think about.

285
00:16:14,683 --> 00:16:18,979
If one of those animals
has this toxic form of E. coli,

286
00:16:18,979 --> 00:16:20,230
you're in trouble.

287
00:16:24,026 --> 00:16:26,403
[Bill] In the aftermath
of Jack in the Box,

288
00:16:26,403 --> 00:16:30,615
you know,
people from USDA met with victims,

289
00:16:30,615 --> 00:16:33,577
and, you know, the Clinton Administration,
to their credit,

290
00:16:33,577 --> 00:16:36,621
brought in people
who were pretty activist.

291
00:16:36,621 --> 00:16:37,748
{\an8}Mike?

292
00:16:37,748 --> 00:16:40,042
{\an8}[Bill] You know, Mike Taylor being one.

293
00:16:40,042 --> 00:16:42,753
{\an8}We intend to reduce
the risk of foodborne illness

294
00:16:42,753 --> 00:16:45,756
{\an8}associated with the consumption
of meat and poultry products

295
00:16:45,756 --> 00:16:48,133
to the maximum extent possible.

296
00:16:48,133 --> 00:16:49,259
[assistant] Thank you.

297
00:16:51,053 --> 00:16:54,639
[Mike] The official policy of the USDA was

298
00:16:54,639 --> 00:16:58,894
{\an8}that this is not the responsibility
of the regulatory system or the industry.

299
00:16:58,894 --> 00:17:01,188
{\an8}Consumers are expected
to cook these products

300
00:17:01,188 --> 00:17:02,773
{\an8}and make them safe themselves.

301
00:17:02,773 --> 00:17:05,859
{\an8}The bottom line
is that raw meat contains bacteria.

302
00:17:06,443 --> 00:17:08,570
{\an8}And proper cooking kills bacteria.

303
00:17:09,613 --> 00:17:11,073
{\an8}[Mike] To mothers that lost children,

304
00:17:11,073 --> 00:17:14,534
{\an8}to people whose families
had been harmed by this outbreak,

305
00:17:14,534 --> 00:17:18,330
{\an8}that was, uh, a shocking
and highly unacceptable revelation.

306
00:17:21,500 --> 00:17:25,754
We simply had to take action immediately
to try to change the dynamic.

307
00:17:25,754 --> 00:17:29,674
And so I did make the decision
that we would declare

308
00:17:29,674 --> 00:17:32,177
- O157:
- H7 to be an adulterant,

309
00:17:32,177 --> 00:17:35,472
and raw ground beef in the marketplace
would be deemed illegal,

310
00:17:35,472 --> 00:17:39,059
and USDA could take action
to remove it quickly from the market.

311
00:17:39,768 --> 00:17:41,311
That was a big game changer.

312
00:17:41,311 --> 00:17:43,647
It meant that it can't be in the meat.

313
00:17:43,647 --> 00:17:47,109
If it was in the meat,
you had to pull it off the marketplace.

314
00:17:47,109 --> 00:17:49,194
[tense music plays]

315
00:17:51,029 --> 00:17:54,533
{\an8}You know, the rates that you see today
are very minimal,

316
00:17:54,533 --> 00:17:58,829
{\an8}and you rarely see an E. coli outbreak
involving ground beef,

317
00:17:58,829 --> 00:18:04,292
{\an8}so it's a strong argument of just how much
those reforms had an impact.

318
00:18:04,292 --> 00:18:06,086
[tense music ends]

319
00:18:08,547 --> 00:18:09,881
[Bill] Thirty years ago,

320
00:18:10,423 --> 00:18:14,052
all the work that I did
was E. coli cases linked to hamburger.

321
00:18:14,052 --> 00:18:16,555
[inhales] Today, that's zero.

322
00:18:16,555 --> 00:18:18,765
I mean, it's a success story.

323
00:18:18,765 --> 00:18:20,851
[suspenseful music plays]

324
00:18:27,524 --> 00:18:30,277
{\an8}It used to be the biggest E. coli threat
was from hamburgers.

325
00:18:30,277 --> 00:18:33,488
{\an8}So you'd think, "Okay, as long as
I don't eat hamburgers, I'm okay."

326
00:18:33,488 --> 00:18:36,241
{\an8}And the CDC with a warning this afternoon

327
00:18:36,241 --> 00:18:39,119
{\an8}about an E. coli outbreak
linked to baby spinach.

328
00:18:39,119 --> 00:18:41,288
{\an8}[reporter 1]
<i>Health officials are warning consumers</i>

329
00:18:41,288 --> 00:18:44,791
{\an8}<i>to not eat
Josie's Organics organic baby spinach.</i>

330
00:18:44,791 --> 00:18:49,296
{\an8}[reporter 2] <i>Several cases of E. coli
linked to organic power greens.</i>

331
00:18:49,296 --> 00:18:52,048
{\an8}[Christine] And now E. coli is

332
00:18:52,048 --> 00:18:56,511
by far, uh, caused by lettuce
more than ground beef.

333
00:18:56,511 --> 00:18:58,722
{\an8}When you eat a hamburger,

334
00:18:58,722 --> 00:19:02,642
{\an8}the most dangerous part of that
is not the burger.

335
00:19:02,642 --> 00:19:06,730
It's going to be the onion,
lettuce, and the tomatoes.

336
00:19:08,398 --> 00:19:10,400
{\an8}- [birds chirping]
- [dog barks]

337
00:19:12,277 --> 00:19:16,573
{\an8}You know, I've had bad potato salad
or something that was, you know...

338
00:19:17,199 --> 00:19:18,366
{\an8}Just food poisoning

339
00:19:18,366 --> 00:19:22,329
{\an8}was my idea
of what a foodborne illness is.

340
00:19:25,498 --> 00:19:28,752
[Candie] Stephanie came to me,
um, the morning we were leaving

341
00:19:28,752 --> 00:19:32,422
and just said, you know,
that she was feeling a little...

342
00:19:32,422 --> 00:19:36,259
Having some gas
and, you know, a little bit of diarrhea.

343
00:19:36,259 --> 00:19:40,931
But she just thought she was nervous,
and we didn't think anything of it at all.

344
00:19:40,931 --> 00:19:42,933
{\an8}[Candie] One, two, three.

345
00:19:45,769 --> 00:19:47,062
[pilot] <i>Ladies and gentlemen,</i>

346
00:19:47,062 --> 00:19:49,648
<i>let me be the first
to welcome you to Punta Cana.</i>

347
00:19:49,648 --> 00:19:52,192
[Candie] When we got
to the Dominican Republic,

348
00:19:52,192 --> 00:19:54,069
and we were at the resort,

349
00:19:55,654 --> 00:19:58,740
she felt like she was feeling
a little bit better.

350
00:19:58,740 --> 00:20:00,116
She took a shower.

351
00:20:00,951 --> 00:20:04,454
But throughout the night, it progressed,
getting worse and worse,

352
00:20:04,454 --> 00:20:07,999
and that's when I realized
we needed to get some help.

353
00:20:11,378 --> 00:20:16,800
It was an absolute nightmare
of tests and doctors.

354
00:20:17,509 --> 00:20:21,513
They kept telling us, "She'll be better.
We'll give her these antibiotics."

355
00:20:21,513 --> 00:20:25,183
"She has this kind of bug.
She'll be back at the resort tomorrow."

356
00:20:25,183 --> 00:20:26,601
[camera shutter clicks]

357
00:20:26,601 --> 00:20:28,645
And then the next morning,

358
00:20:28,645 --> 00:20:30,939
when they let me go in to see her,

359
00:20:31,523 --> 00:20:33,108
she didn't recognize me.

360
00:20:33,108 --> 00:20:35,986
She was... she was pulling at her hair.

361
00:20:35,986 --> 00:20:38,154
[reporter speaking Spanish]

362
00:20:38,154 --> 00:20:40,115
I'm like, "She's having a seizure."

363
00:20:41,116 --> 00:20:45,870
Her kidneys had stopped functioning,
and she was having swelling of her brain.

364
00:20:45,870 --> 00:20:48,748
They made me leave,
and they all rushed in,

365
00:20:48,748 --> 00:20:52,210
and it was just like
from a bad... [chuckles, sniffles]

366
00:20:52,210 --> 00:20:53,503
A nightmare.

367
00:20:53,503 --> 00:20:54,838
Uh, the whole thing.

368
00:20:54,838 --> 00:20:57,132
The doctor pulled Candie aside
in a hallway

369
00:20:57,132 --> 00:20:59,718
and said, you know,
"You got to get her out of here."

370
00:21:00,302 --> 00:21:02,554
[indistinct chatter over radio]

371
00:21:02,554 --> 00:21:04,848
I immediately went home and contacted,

372
00:21:04,848 --> 00:21:08,560
you know, over a dozen,
uh, medevac, uh, operations

373
00:21:08,560 --> 00:21:10,770
and found one
that was gonna get her out immediately.

374
00:21:10,770 --> 00:21:13,315
{\an8}[birds chirping]

375
00:21:14,065 --> 00:21:15,984
[Candie] It was then that next morning

376
00:21:15,984 --> 00:21:19,863
that they found the Shiga toxins
in her system

377
00:21:19,863 --> 00:21:22,866
to be able to say
it was definitely from E. coli.

378
00:21:22,866 --> 00:21:24,951
They said, "She might not make it
through the night."

379
00:21:24,951 --> 00:21:26,870
"Get your son back from San Francisco."

380
00:21:27,996 --> 00:21:31,166
A priest was there within a couple hours
to give her last rites.

381
00:21:32,667 --> 00:21:33,501
[inhales]

382
00:21:33,501 --> 00:21:37,130
[man] Stephanie's condition
rapidly deteriorated overnight

383
00:21:37,130 --> 00:21:39,049
{\an8}in a very critical condition.

384
00:21:39,049 --> 00:21:41,676
{\an8}I think she had
a few more hours to live, unfortunately.

385
00:21:41,676 --> 00:21:42,719
[camera shutter clicks]

386
00:21:42,719 --> 00:21:46,931
It is a very scary, uh, situation
where you have a perfectly healthy,

387
00:21:46,931 --> 00:21:51,269
athletic 17-year-old female
that goes on spring break,

388
00:21:52,270 --> 00:21:54,731
and 48 hours later, she's dying.

389
00:21:57,025 --> 00:21:59,277
[Scott] Stephanie had
an infectious disease doctor

390
00:21:59,277 --> 00:22:02,155
who had us, I mean,
basically, "Collect what you can."

391
00:22:02,155 --> 00:22:03,406
"Talk to all her friends."

392
00:22:03,406 --> 00:22:06,117
"Go through her bank statements
to find out what she ate."

393
00:22:06,117 --> 00:22:10,914
'Cause we're thinking whatever she--
This may play a role in saving her life.

394
00:22:10,914 --> 00:22:12,165
So we were thorough,

395
00:22:12,165 --> 00:22:14,542
thorough to find out everything,
you know, she ate

396
00:22:14,542 --> 00:22:16,711
over the, you know, previous week or two.

397
00:22:17,837 --> 00:22:21,966
Her friend who she ate at Panera with
sent us a snapshot...

398
00:22:21,966 --> 00:22:23,093
[camera shutter clicks]

399
00:22:23,093 --> 00:22:24,010
...of a sign.

400
00:22:24,010 --> 00:22:27,430
It wasn't until then that we put
two and two together. "Romaine lettuce?"

401
00:22:27,430 --> 00:22:28,890
[tense music plays]

402
00:22:28,890 --> 00:22:31,226
[reporter 1] <i>Dozens of people
have ended up in the hospital</i>

403
00:22:31,226 --> 00:22:33,103
{\an8}<i>with possible cases of E. coli.</i>

404
00:22:33,103 --> 00:22:35,939
{\an8}[reporter 2] <i>Ninety-eight people
from 22 different states,</i>

405
00:22:35,939 --> 00:22:40,485
<i>making this the biggest multistate
E. coli outbreak in at least 12 years.</i>

406
00:22:40,485 --> 00:22:43,738
[reporter 3]
<i>The affected region is Yuma, Arizona.</i>

407
00:22:43,738 --> 00:22:45,573
- [bird cawing]
- [tense music stops]

408
00:22:46,699 --> 00:22:49,035
[woman] Most of the lettuce
that we eat in the United States

409
00:22:49,035 --> 00:22:50,495
comes from two places.

410
00:22:51,413 --> 00:22:56,167
It comes from California's Central Valley,
and it comes from Yuma, Arizona.

411
00:22:58,211 --> 00:23:02,799
[Bill] The US is one of the top producers
and exporters of leafy greens.

412
00:23:02,799 --> 00:23:06,845
So that means that the lettuce grown
in Yuma and in Salinas

413
00:23:06,845 --> 00:23:08,721
is shipped all over the world.

414
00:23:10,432 --> 00:23:12,517
{\an8}We're in a global food system

415
00:23:12,517 --> 00:23:15,603
{\an8}where we're importing
and exporting food all over the place.

416
00:23:15,603 --> 00:23:19,649
So problems that occur here
can certainly be exported elsewhere.

417
00:23:19,649 --> 00:23:22,777
Bacteria don't care about borders.

418
00:23:22,777 --> 00:23:25,530
They don't care about import
and export restrictions.

419
00:23:27,991 --> 00:23:29,701
[woman] Consumers don't cook lettuce.

420
00:23:29,701 --> 00:23:33,079
{\an8}There's no way to control that risk
in our kitchen. We eat it fresh.

421
00:23:34,038 --> 00:23:35,832
[Darin] So there's no kill step.

422
00:23:35,832 --> 00:23:39,085
You can clean it,
but you're still not truly killing.

423
00:23:40,003 --> 00:23:45,925
[Bill] And "organic" only means
that it uses less chemicals, pesticides.

424
00:23:46,718 --> 00:23:49,679
Organic simply doesn't mean pathogen-free.

425
00:23:52,807 --> 00:23:56,811
{\an8}Explain how we get E. coli in greens.

426
00:23:56,811 --> 00:23:59,439
{\an8}Right. So it's actually not
the lettuce's fault.

427
00:23:59,439 --> 00:24:02,317
- [Rachael] That's right. It really isn't.
- It's the livestock.

428
00:24:02,317 --> 00:24:06,654
[dramatic music plays]

429
00:24:13,077 --> 00:24:16,122
[Lance] How we raise animals
can fuel the growth of these bugs.

430
00:24:16,122 --> 00:24:18,374
So if we crowd the animals together,

431
00:24:18,374 --> 00:24:22,837
and you have one that's carrying
a really bad pathogen like E. coli O157,

432
00:24:22,837 --> 00:24:26,174
then they can poop those bacteria out.

433
00:24:27,050 --> 00:24:31,179
And then,
the shit from the cattle washes off

434
00:24:31,179 --> 00:24:34,557
into the streams or into canals,
irrigation canals,

435
00:24:35,350 --> 00:24:38,520
and then those can be used
to water these plants.

436
00:24:39,812 --> 00:24:41,773
You have this distribution system

437
00:24:41,773 --> 00:24:44,943
for these pathogens
from animals to produce.

438
00:24:50,490 --> 00:24:54,077
[Marion] The regulation
of animal waste is minimal.

439
00:24:55,537 --> 00:24:59,415
{\an8}We have laws on the books,
but they're not enforced.

440
00:25:00,041 --> 00:25:02,335
That is an American scandal.

441
00:25:03,878 --> 00:25:05,880
[tense music plays]

442
00:25:13,596 --> 00:25:18,685
[Bill] What got Stephanie sick was
romaine lettuce grown in Yuma, Arizona,

443
00:25:19,269 --> 00:25:22,021
specifically in the Wellton Canal area,

444
00:25:22,730 --> 00:25:26,276
which happens to run right past
the concentrated feedlots.

445
00:25:37,829 --> 00:25:39,914
Those are land-use issues that,

446
00:25:39,914 --> 00:25:46,546
I think, are the things that FDA, USDA,
the federal government, state governments,

447
00:25:46,546 --> 00:25:48,923
Environmental Protection Agency,

448
00:25:48,923 --> 00:25:52,635
all of those entities haven't kind of come
to grips with that yet.

449
00:25:57,932 --> 00:26:01,019
[Lance] There are 15 federal agencies
that in one form or another,

450
00:26:01,019 --> 00:26:03,479
are tasked with food safety regulation.

451
00:26:04,606 --> 00:26:07,150
[Bill] The USDA primarily deals with meat.

452
00:26:07,150 --> 00:26:10,153
They were at the helm
of the Jack in the Box E. coli case.

453
00:26:10,153 --> 00:26:14,115
And the FDA deals with leafy greens,
like romaine and spinach.

454
00:26:14,699 --> 00:26:17,785
[tense music ends]

455
00:26:20,413 --> 00:26:22,415
- [assistant] Go ahead.
- [woman] Nice to meet you.

456
00:26:22,415 --> 00:26:24,667
- Do you care which side? You pick.
- [woman] No. I don't.

457
00:26:24,667 --> 00:26:26,252
Okay, I'll sit over here.

458
00:26:30,632 --> 00:26:32,216
[grunts] Great.

459
00:26:33,468 --> 00:26:34,594
[interviewer] Okay, we ready?

460
00:26:37,180 --> 00:26:40,933
What falls under your jurisdiction?
What falls under your jurisdiction?

461
00:26:40,933 --> 00:26:42,518
Sure, I'll start.

462
00:26:42,518 --> 00:26:49,108
{\an8}USDA regulates meat and poultry products,
egg products, and catfish.

463
00:26:50,943 --> 00:26:55,198
{\an8}And the FDA regulates, uh,
all foods involved in interstate commerce

464
00:26:55,198 --> 00:26:59,744
{\an8}that Sandy didn't mention,
so it's about 80% of the US food system.

465
00:26:59,744 --> 00:27:03,081
It's a large responsibility
and one that we take very seriously.

466
00:27:04,499 --> 00:27:06,584
{\an8}The regulatory framework

467
00:27:06,584 --> 00:27:09,379
{\an8}we have in the world
of food safety is pretty complicated.

468
00:27:09,379 --> 00:27:12,715
{\an8}Let's say you have a beef taco
that's made in a restaurant.

469
00:27:12,715 --> 00:27:14,092
[knife clanging]

470
00:27:14,884 --> 00:27:18,721
So the beef,
well, that's a USDA-regulated food.

471
00:27:18,721 --> 00:27:23,142
{\an8}Cheese and any of the pico de gallo
that's on top of that,

472
00:27:23,685 --> 00:27:25,895
{\an8}those are FDA-regulated foods.

473
00:27:26,646 --> 00:27:31,401
{\an8}All of the making of that taco,
well, that's happening in a restaurant

474
00:27:31,401 --> 00:27:33,653
that's regulated
by the local health department.

475
00:27:33,653 --> 00:27:36,364
So it's a really complicated process.

476
00:27:36,364 --> 00:27:38,324
There's lots of different fingers

477
00:27:38,324 --> 00:27:42,203
that can be touching regulatory
on that taco.

478
00:27:44,789 --> 00:27:47,542
{\an8}When there's a foodborne illness outbreak,

479
00:27:48,501 --> 00:27:52,714
{\an8}no single agency is responsible.

480
00:27:53,715 --> 00:27:55,591
So there's a lot of finger-pointing.

481
00:27:56,384 --> 00:27:59,137
[interviewer]
Ms. Eskin, does the USDA do anything

482
00:27:59,137 --> 00:28:01,264
on these cattle operations

483
00:28:01,264 --> 00:28:05,184
to make sure animal waste
isn't getting into the irrigation water?

484
00:28:05,184 --> 00:28:11,107
We have no direct authority on any
of the production pieces of food animals...

485
00:28:11,107 --> 00:28:14,944
We are doing the best
that we can do with our authorities...

486
00:28:14,944 --> 00:28:17,655
We don't have that authority...
We do not have authority...

487
00:28:17,655 --> 00:28:19,782
Authority we have or don't have...

488
00:28:19,782 --> 00:28:22,118
[interviewer] Feels like a gap
in the system. Does it not?

489
00:28:22,660 --> 00:28:25,079
I think that's a question
you need to ask Congress...

490
00:28:25,079 --> 00:28:26,622
That's Congress's decision...

491
00:28:26,622 --> 00:28:29,834
The inspection process
has to be raised with Congress...

492
00:28:29,834 --> 00:28:31,043
It's not for us to say.

493
00:28:31,043 --> 00:28:33,963
It's really something
that has to come from Congress.

494
00:28:33,963 --> 00:28:36,549
[interviewer] To your response
that it's a question for Congress,

495
00:28:36,549 --> 00:28:40,678
would you support legislation
that gave USDA jurisdiction on the farm?

496
00:28:41,304 --> 00:28:44,932
I'm not in a position
to endorse legislation.

497
00:28:44,932 --> 00:28:48,686
As the regulatory body,
that's not our lane.

498
00:28:50,438 --> 00:28:54,817
[interviewer] Mr. Yiannas, what is
the FDA doing to solve the problem,

499
00:28:54,817 --> 00:28:56,903
and should consumers be satisfied?

500
00:28:56,903 --> 00:29:01,282
We believe that the FDA,
as well as the entire food industry,

501
00:29:01,282 --> 00:29:04,368
the fresh leafy green industry,
can and must do more.

502
00:29:04,368 --> 00:29:05,703
Let me stress, must do more.

503
00:29:05,703 --> 00:29:07,705
Growers have a responsibility,

504
00:29:07,705 --> 00:29:11,459
the primary responsibility
to understand whether their products

505
00:29:11,459 --> 00:29:15,254
can be contaminated
and take measures to mitigate those risks.

506
00:29:18,716 --> 00:29:22,470
{\an8}[Tim] My name is Tim York. T-I-M Y-O-R-K

507
00:29:23,262 --> 00:29:25,681
[interviewer]
How should I title you for your position?

508
00:29:25,681 --> 00:29:27,016
Uh, CEO.

509
00:29:27,016 --> 00:29:28,434
- [interviewer] Of?
- LGMA.

510
00:29:28,935 --> 00:29:32,563
LGMA stands for
Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement.

511
00:29:32,563 --> 00:29:39,487
We were started in 2007 to, uh,
ensure safety in lettuce and leafy greens.

512
00:29:39,487 --> 00:29:42,323
[interviewer] What are some of
the more recognizable handlers

513
00:29:42,323 --> 00:29:45,159
that are part of the LGMA
that we might know?

514
00:29:45,159 --> 00:29:49,622
{\an8}Members of LGMA
would include Dole, Fresh Express,

515
00:29:49,622 --> 00:29:53,543
{\an8}Ready Pac, Taylor Farms, uh, Organic Girl.

516
00:29:53,543 --> 00:29:57,839
{\an8}Those are all names you probably see
on the retail shelf of packaged salads.

517
00:30:01,759 --> 00:30:03,594
[Sarah]
The Leafy Greens Marketing Agreements

518
00:30:03,594 --> 00:30:06,848
were formed in response
to the 2006 spinach outbreak.

519
00:30:07,473 --> 00:30:08,891
[suspenseful music plays]

520
00:30:08,891 --> 00:30:10,726
Feds have a new warning about spinach.

521
00:30:10,726 --> 00:30:14,939
They want you to stay away from
all spinach, not just the bagged produce.

522
00:30:14,939 --> 00:30:18,150
{\an8}We're talking about hundreds of bags
of raw spinach out here.

523
00:30:18,150 --> 00:30:22,196
{\an8}Now, no one is eating raw spinach,
and all of it is going in the garbage.

524
00:30:24,115 --> 00:30:27,326
{\an8}[reporter] This is
the same deadly strain of E. coli

525
00:30:27,326 --> 00:30:29,787
{\an8}that we saw
in the Jack in the Box outbreak.

526
00:30:31,706 --> 00:30:34,000
[Timothy] The industry was terrorized.

527
00:30:34,750 --> 00:30:38,379
They worried that if this were to occur
again and again and again,

528
00:30:38,379 --> 00:30:41,007
if they didn't get to the bottom
of this problem,

529
00:30:41,757 --> 00:30:45,511
{\an8}that it would essentially destroy
the California leafy greens industry.

530
00:30:46,178 --> 00:30:48,848
The spinach outbreak of 2006

531
00:30:48,848 --> 00:30:53,644
was a watershed moment for the industry
because that was really the first time

532
00:30:54,395 --> 00:30:59,025
that we were aware
of how our practices affected people.

533
00:31:04,822 --> 00:31:06,490
How do pathogens move?

534
00:31:07,491 --> 00:31:09,327
We look at a number of things.

535
00:31:10,912 --> 00:31:12,622
One of them being water.

536
00:31:15,416 --> 00:31:18,628
One of them being proximity
to other operations.

537
00:31:20,171 --> 00:31:22,798
One of them would be
the sanitation practices

538
00:31:22,798 --> 00:31:25,801
and how they handle machinery
and equipment on the farm.

539
00:31:26,636 --> 00:31:28,638
[suspenseful music continues]

540
00:31:37,563 --> 00:31:39,440
[Bill] I think it's just been
really a matter

541
00:31:39,440 --> 00:31:42,777
of the industry
sort of does a whack-a-mole.

542
00:31:43,778 --> 00:31:45,154
"Oh, we'll do testing."

543
00:31:46,155 --> 00:31:48,366
"Oh, we'll make everybody wear a hairnet."

544
00:31:51,285 --> 00:31:55,957
{\an8}But they just don't want to come to grips
with the fact that the big problem is

545
00:31:55,957 --> 00:31:59,961
{\an8}cattle farms and feedlots
in close proximity

546
00:31:59,961 --> 00:32:02,254
{\an8}to where you're growing leafy greens.

547
00:32:02,254 --> 00:32:05,257
[cattle mooing]

548
00:32:05,257 --> 00:32:08,970
[interviewer] How often do your members
test their irrigation water?

549
00:32:10,346 --> 00:32:11,305
[sighs]

550
00:32:11,305 --> 00:32:14,392
I don't honestly know the answer
to that question. Um...

551
00:32:15,518 --> 00:32:20,064
Irrigation water is required
to be tested on an ongoing basis

552
00:32:20,064 --> 00:32:22,984
to know that
that is meeting our practices.

553
00:32:22,984 --> 00:32:25,069
[birds chirping]

554
00:32:27,697 --> 00:32:31,867
[Bill] You know, some of the work
the LGMA has done has been admirable.

555
00:32:33,285 --> 00:32:34,745
But in my view,

556
00:32:35,788 --> 00:32:38,332
it's a way to make sure
that the government,

557
00:32:38,332 --> 00:32:41,585
uh, doesn't enforce rules on them
they don't really like.

558
00:32:41,585 --> 00:32:45,006
One of the ways to avoid
government regulation is to say,

559
00:32:45,006 --> 00:32:46,507
"We'll regulate ourselves."

560
00:32:47,508 --> 00:32:49,510
[splutters] I honestly don't know
what action

561
00:32:49,510 --> 00:32:52,972
the government was potentially going
to take if we didn't.

562
00:32:53,723 --> 00:32:55,891
But the reason the LGMA was formed is

563
00:32:55,891 --> 00:32:59,020
because we could do that
so much faster than the government.

564
00:32:59,020 --> 00:33:01,105
[tense music plays]

565
00:33:03,315 --> 00:33:06,485
[Mike] Who do you hold accountable
for fixing this?

566
00:33:08,195 --> 00:33:12,324
The growers don't control
the practices of the cattlemen.

567
00:33:13,492 --> 00:33:14,994
The cattlemen, you know,

568
00:33:14,994 --> 00:33:17,913
feel that they're not responsible
for produce safety.

569
00:33:18,956 --> 00:33:23,377
{\an8}There's not enough impetus
for people to break out of their silos

570
00:33:23,377 --> 00:33:26,672
{\an8}and say, "We've got to come up
with a solution that figures out,

571
00:33:26,672 --> 00:33:30,009
how can you use vaccines
to make this better?"

572
00:33:30,009 --> 00:33:33,971
"How can you adjust the cattle feed
to reduce the E. coli?"

573
00:33:35,056 --> 00:33:38,559
And that... you know,
my frustration is that's not happening,

574
00:33:38,559 --> 00:33:42,354
and people are getting sick,
and that's, uh... you know, that's sad.

575
00:33:42,354 --> 00:33:43,773
That's disturbing.

576
00:33:43,773 --> 00:33:45,149
[tense music ends]

577
00:33:45,149 --> 00:33:47,234
[seagulls squawking]

578
00:33:49,904 --> 00:33:52,114
[phone ringing]

579
00:33:52,114 --> 00:33:54,617
[indistinct chatter]

580
00:33:54,617 --> 00:33:56,410
[keyboard clacking]

581
00:33:59,371 --> 00:34:02,958
[Bill] In my 30 years
of experience doing this,

582
00:34:02,958 --> 00:34:08,255
most companies don't want to, obviously,
see me show up at their doorstep.

583
00:34:08,923 --> 00:34:11,092
You know,
the Leafy Green Marketing Agreement,

584
00:34:11,092 --> 00:34:12,885
they're trying to do the right thing.

585
00:34:12,885 --> 00:34:16,639
They're just not going the full distance
that I think they should go.

586
00:34:16,639 --> 00:34:19,725
[inhales] You know,
these outbreaks at Jack in the Box,

587
00:34:19,725 --> 00:34:22,103
they didn't intend that to happen,

588
00:34:22,728 --> 00:34:25,981
but I kind of put those folks
in a different category

589
00:34:25,981 --> 00:34:30,027
than I would the folks
from Peanut Corporation of America.

590
00:34:30,528 --> 00:34:33,572
[reporter 1] <i>Food and Drug Administration
is advising Americans not to eat</i>

591
00:34:33,572 --> 00:34:36,075
<i>any products made
with peanut butter or peanut paste.</i>

592
00:34:36,075 --> 00:34:38,744
[reporter 2] <i>More than 500 people
have gotten sick in the outbreak,</i>

593
00:34:38,744 --> 00:34:41,997
<i>and at least eight may have died
as a result of salmonella infection.</i>

594
00:34:42,623 --> 00:34:45,459
{\an8}[Bill] This was
an enormous salmonella outbreak.

595
00:34:45,459 --> 00:34:47,670
[reporter 3]
<i>Officials are focusing on peanut products</i>

596
00:34:47,670 --> 00:34:52,091
{\an8}<i>produced by this Georgia plant
owned by Peanut Corporation of America.</i>

597
00:34:54,176 --> 00:34:58,264
{\an8}[Mike] The Peanut Corporation of America
was a major peanut product producer.

598
00:34:59,682 --> 00:35:02,726
They provided peanut paste
and peanut products

599
00:35:02,726 --> 00:35:07,106
to hundreds of different major brands
in the United States.

600
00:35:07,106 --> 00:35:09,400
{\an8}[man] <i>Chips Deluxe
with peanut butter cups.</i>

601
00:35:09,400 --> 00:35:11,277
- [boy] <i>Peanut butter cups? No way.</i>
- [man] <i>Way.</i>

602
00:35:12,695 --> 00:35:13,946
[insects chirping]

603
00:35:13,946 --> 00:35:17,825
{\an8}I started working at Peanut Corp
in July 2006.

604
00:35:17,825 --> 00:35:21,287
{\an8}I could tell things were going to go bad.

605
00:35:22,079 --> 00:35:24,832
- [tense music plays]
- [slide projector clicking]

606
00:35:24,832 --> 00:35:28,335
The things that had concerned me were,
number one, the roof leak.

607
00:35:28,961 --> 00:35:31,422
Because that washes in bird crap,

608
00:35:32,089 --> 00:35:35,467
which can bring in a whole host
of disease into the plant.

609
00:35:37,970 --> 00:35:42,474
And the pest control person that brought
in to my attention the mice problem.

610
00:35:43,726 --> 00:35:47,229
[man] There are some rats,
uh, and they're still alive.

611
00:35:48,981 --> 00:35:51,525
{\an8}[Kenneth] The first time
I had brought up, uh, concerns

612
00:35:51,525 --> 00:35:53,277
{\an8}to Stewart Parnell, the owner,

613
00:35:53,986 --> 00:35:56,405
he told me to shut up
and not worry about it,

614
00:35:56,405 --> 00:36:00,910
that they had recall insurance
and just go on doing my job.

615
00:36:01,702 --> 00:36:06,707
{\an8}Stewart Parnell
not only grossly underestimated

616
00:36:07,499 --> 00:36:10,961
food safety as a CEO of a food company,

617
00:36:11,837 --> 00:36:15,341
but he blatantly and even flagrantly

618
00:36:16,675 --> 00:36:17,676
just didn't care.

619
00:36:18,219 --> 00:36:21,680
[man] And here we have another live rat.

620
00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:22,806
[rat squeaking]

621
00:36:24,016 --> 00:36:29,396
[Bill] Ultimately, what happened was
that some of the large companies

622
00:36:29,396 --> 00:36:33,943
that were getting their product
from PCA had requirements,

623
00:36:33,943 --> 00:36:37,947
contractual requirements
to test the product before it was shipped.

624
00:36:38,656 --> 00:36:42,493
And they were supposed to give
those companies a piece of paper

625
00:36:42,493 --> 00:36:46,872
called a certificate of analysis
that said the product was tested

626
00:36:46,872 --> 00:36:50,376
{\an8}and it's free of pathogens
or likely free of pathogens.

627
00:36:50,376 --> 00:36:52,169
{\an8}[Marion] And lo and behold,

628
00:36:52,169 --> 00:36:56,423
they had a test that came out positive
for the toxic salmonella.

629
00:36:57,091 --> 00:36:59,301
Well, what they ended up doing

630
00:36:59,301 --> 00:37:02,304
was retesting
until they got a negative test.

631
00:37:03,514 --> 00:37:07,059
[Bill] Then it got to the point
where all of them were positive,

632
00:37:08,310 --> 00:37:11,605
and then they just started forging
the certificates of analysis,

633
00:37:11,605 --> 00:37:13,065
saying they were negative.

634
00:37:14,525 --> 00:37:16,151
[Darin] The QA manager,

635
00:37:16,151 --> 00:37:19,363
there's a reason why she has
the nickname "the Queen of Liquid Paper."

636
00:37:20,531 --> 00:37:22,825
If they didn't have
the results that they needed,

637
00:37:22,825 --> 00:37:24,660
they would literally take old results,

638
00:37:24,660 --> 00:37:27,663
Liquid Paper over the date,
and change the date

639
00:37:27,663 --> 00:37:29,623
to make it look like
it's a more recent date.

640
00:37:30,874 --> 00:37:36,588
Stewart Parnell told the manager
in an email to ship the peanut mill.

641
00:37:37,256 --> 00:37:39,133
And the manager said,

642
00:37:39,133 --> 00:37:44,513
"Well, I've got to spray off the rat shit
and dirt before I can do anything."

643
00:37:44,513 --> 00:37:47,933
{\an8}Stewart said,
"Well, then clean it up and ship it."

644
00:37:49,643 --> 00:37:51,645
There were lots of emails.

645
00:37:51,645 --> 00:37:53,731
[keyboard clacking]

646
00:37:56,483 --> 00:38:00,904
And they had emails
from the heads of the company saying,

647
00:38:00,904 --> 00:38:03,490
"Oh, you've got
a positive salmonella test."

648
00:38:03,490 --> 00:38:04,658
"Ship it out anyway."

649
00:38:08,996 --> 00:38:13,208
A salmonella outbreak involving products
made with peanut butter is worsening.

650
00:38:13,208 --> 00:38:14,793
These were recalled too.

651
00:38:14,793 --> 00:38:19,048
{\an8}The list of items is so long, Campbell,
I can't even read them all right now.

652
00:38:19,048 --> 00:38:22,760
{\an8}[Bill] It was over 3,000, almost 4,000,

653
00:38:23,260 --> 00:38:26,138
{\an8}different products got recalled.

654
00:38:26,847 --> 00:38:29,975
[man] Here we go with another pallet.
I think this is number six.

655
00:38:34,355 --> 00:38:35,439
It's still sealed.

656
00:38:35,439 --> 00:38:38,317
I emailed
the Texas Department of Agriculture,

657
00:38:38,317 --> 00:38:39,693
the FDA.

658
00:38:39,693 --> 00:38:42,112
I... I must have sent a hundred emails.

659
00:38:42,112 --> 00:38:44,615
[reporter] <i>Product recalls
continue mounting.</i>

660
00:38:45,866 --> 00:38:48,660
Nobody else was gonna stop them
from killing people.

661
00:38:50,621 --> 00:38:52,247
So somebody had to step up.

662
00:38:53,957 --> 00:38:55,501
He went to the federal government

663
00:38:55,501 --> 00:38:58,337
and started, you know,
saying how bad the plant was.

664
00:38:58,337 --> 00:39:01,965
{\an8}The White House today called
the plant's performance alarming

665
00:39:01,965 --> 00:39:05,344
{\an8}and promised tougher regulation
over America's food supply.

666
00:39:05,344 --> 00:39:09,598
{\an8}At bare minimum, we should be able
to count on our government

667
00:39:09,598 --> 00:39:12,017
{\an8}keeping our kids safe
when they eat peanut butter.

668
00:39:12,017 --> 00:39:15,979
{\an8}That's what Sasha eats for, uh...
for lunch probably three times a week.

669
00:39:17,439 --> 00:39:19,191
{\an8}[representative] Mr. Parnell,
Mr. Lightsey,

670
00:39:19,191 --> 00:39:21,193
{\an8}let me just cut to the chase then.

671
00:39:21,819 --> 00:39:26,281
{\an8}In this container are products
that have your ingredients in them.

672
00:39:26,281 --> 00:39:29,368
{\an8}I just wonder, would either of you
be willing to take the lid off

673
00:39:29,368 --> 00:39:31,453
{\an8}and eat any of these products now?

674
00:39:31,954 --> 00:39:33,914
{\an8}Mr. Chairman, and members
of the committee,

675
00:39:33,914 --> 00:39:35,499
{\an8}on the advice of my counsel,

676
00:39:35,499 --> 00:39:37,459
{\an8}I respectfully decline
to answer your question

677
00:39:37,459 --> 00:39:40,421
{\an8}based on the protection afforded me
under the United States Constitution.

678
00:39:40,421 --> 00:39:41,755
{\an8}[Greg] You're dismissed.

679
00:39:43,465 --> 00:39:49,304
{\an8}Sometimes manufacturers of food
don't really think of it as food.

680
00:39:49,304 --> 00:39:51,807
It becomes a... a commodity.

681
00:39:51,807 --> 00:39:55,394
So they don't think about it
in the sense of, "Oh, my goodness,

682
00:39:55,394 --> 00:39:58,814
this is going to go into somebody's mouth
and into their stomach."

683
00:39:58,814 --> 00:40:02,151
{\an8}My father was
a highly decorated Korean War veteran

684
00:40:02,151 --> 00:40:04,778
{\an8}and was awarded
three Purple Hearts for his valor.

685
00:40:04,778 --> 00:40:08,991
{\an8}His final battle occurred when he ate
some contaminated peanut butter from PCA.

686
00:40:09,575 --> 00:40:12,411
{\an8}[Christine] When you spend time
with these victims and speak with them,

687
00:40:12,411 --> 00:40:13,871
they don't get over it.

688
00:40:13,871 --> 00:40:15,873
It's not a natural form of grief

689
00:40:15,873 --> 00:40:19,918
when someone you love dies from,
um, a bunch of peanut butter crackers.

690
00:40:19,918 --> 00:40:23,505
{\an8}Our family feels cheated.
My mom should be here today.

691
00:40:24,423 --> 00:40:27,050
{\an8}[Timothy] The FDA partnered
with the Department of Justice,

692
00:40:27,050 --> 00:40:30,929
{\an8}and they brought felony counts
against Stewart Parnell and his associates

693
00:40:30,929 --> 00:40:34,558
{\an8}for knowingly and intentionally
shipping contaminated products

694
00:40:34,558 --> 00:40:37,853
{\an8}that had toxic salmonella
into the stream of commerce.

695
00:40:38,687 --> 00:40:41,231
[reporter 1] <i>Stewart Parnell,
he is sentenced yesterday</i>

696
00:40:41,231 --> 00:40:44,151
<i>to 28 years behind bars.</i>

697
00:40:44,151 --> 00:40:45,861
{\an8}[reporter 2] Eight people died, sir.

698
00:40:45,861 --> 00:40:48,405
{\an8}Do you have anything to say
to their families?

699
00:40:48,405 --> 00:40:51,950
{\an8}[Kenneth] It doesn't bother him
to this day because he's still appealing.

700
00:40:52,451 --> 00:40:54,661
"Murdering people is okay."

701
00:40:54,661 --> 00:40:56,663
And I'm sorry. I call this murder.

702
00:40:56,663 --> 00:40:59,416
He knew
that there was salmonella in there.

703
00:40:59,416 --> 00:41:00,876
So, you know, Stewart,

704
00:41:00,876 --> 00:41:04,087
why would you ship that
knowing you could kill people?

705
00:41:04,087 --> 00:41:05,839
Explain to the families.

706
00:41:07,174 --> 00:41:11,512
Criminal prosecution is appropriate
when it comes to really bad actors.

707
00:41:11,512 --> 00:41:15,807
People like Stewart Parnell,
who knowingly sold contaminated product,

708
00:41:15,807 --> 00:41:18,685
or Jack DeCoster, the Egg King.

709
00:41:19,520 --> 00:41:21,730
{\an8}[reporter 1] <i>Salmonella outbreaks
sickening hundreds</i>

710
00:41:21,730 --> 00:41:23,607
{\an8}<i>have led to a national egg recall.</i>

711
00:41:23,607 --> 00:41:26,610
{\an8}[reporter 2] <i>The numbers are enough
to give anyone shell shock.</i>

712
00:41:26,610 --> 00:41:30,113
{\an8}<i>The recall has grown
to more than 500 million eggs</i>

713
00:41:30,113 --> 00:41:32,032
{\an8}<i>from just two farms in Iowa.</i>

714
00:41:32,032 --> 00:41:35,536
{\an8}<i>The chairman and owner,
Austin Jack DeCoster.</i>

715
00:41:36,703 --> 00:41:38,622
{\an8}[Christine] Jack DeCoster is a businessman

716
00:41:38,622 --> 00:41:41,917
{\an8}who's been in the farming industry
for easily 50 years.

717
00:41:41,917 --> 00:41:45,420
And in place after place
and time after time,

718
00:41:45,420 --> 00:41:47,839
he has run filthy farms.

719
00:41:47,839 --> 00:41:49,925
{\an8}[chickens clucking]

720
00:41:51,218 --> 00:41:56,014
{\an8}[Bill] He knew that their product
was being produced

721
00:41:56,014 --> 00:41:59,393
{\an8}in really insanitary conditions

722
00:41:59,393 --> 00:42:03,814
{\an8}that likely would have resulted
in eggs being contaminated.

723
00:42:03,814 --> 00:42:07,192
{\an8}A pile of manure at one of them,
eight feet high.

724
00:42:07,192 --> 00:42:09,695
{\an8}Pile of manure, eight feet high, leaking!

725
00:42:09,695 --> 00:42:12,990
{\an8}As many as 56,000 Americans
were sickened because of it.

726
00:42:13,574 --> 00:42:18,120
{\an8}How is it possible
that after all this time,

727
00:42:18,120 --> 00:42:23,792
{\an8}we have another DeCoster egg producer
involved in a half-billion-dollar recall?

728
00:42:24,334 --> 00:42:26,878
{\an8}- [cup clattering]
- [clicks tongue]

729
00:42:31,133 --> 00:42:33,468
{\an8}Well, the question is complicated, so--

730
00:42:33,468 --> 00:42:34,720
{\an8}You can...

731
00:42:35,470 --> 00:42:37,723
{\an8}[Christine]
For decades he got away with it.

732
00:42:37,723 --> 00:42:43,645
{\an8}But he finally was convicted
and, um, was given a short prison term.

733
00:42:46,189 --> 00:42:50,068
{\an8}[Darin] There will never be
an end to bad actors

734
00:42:50,068 --> 00:42:55,115
who decide that profit
is more important than ethics.

735
00:42:55,115 --> 00:42:56,825
We have laws.

736
00:42:56,825 --> 00:42:59,578
We have regulatory authorities
and regulatory agencies,

737
00:42:59,578 --> 00:43:02,247
and these things still happen, even today.

738
00:43:02,247 --> 00:43:04,333
[birds chirping]

739
00:43:05,542 --> 00:43:07,544
[door opens]

740
00:43:11,006 --> 00:43:13,842
[chickens clucking]

741
00:43:15,927 --> 00:43:17,012
[Bill] Come on, guys.

742
00:43:21,391 --> 00:43:22,559
Come on, come on.

743
00:43:23,143 --> 00:43:25,020
[chickens clucking]

744
00:43:27,022 --> 00:43:29,483
After the Wright County egg outbreak,

745
00:43:29,483 --> 00:43:32,861
I wound up on <i>Larry King Live,</i>
talking about,

746
00:43:32,861 --> 00:43:34,655
you know, foodborne illness again.

747
00:43:34,655 --> 00:43:36,907
And sort of at the end of the segment,

748
00:43:36,907 --> 00:43:41,078
I just said, "I'm gonna get chickens,"
as just sort of a throwaway line.

749
00:43:41,078 --> 00:43:43,246
When I got home,
my youngest daughter was like,

750
00:43:43,246 --> 00:43:44,790
"Oh, so we're gonna get chickens."

751
00:43:44,790 --> 00:43:46,416
So now we have chickens,

752
00:43:46,416 --> 00:43:49,795
and now she's off at college,
and we still have chickens.

753
00:43:49,795 --> 00:43:51,088
[chickens clucking]

754
00:43:51,088 --> 00:43:54,966
{\an8}[dramatic music plays]

755
00:43:54,966 --> 00:43:58,303
{\an8}More people are becoming sick
from a salmonella outbreak.

756
00:43:58,303 --> 00:44:00,263
{\an8}- Salmonella outbreak.
- [reporter 1] <i>Salmonella outbreak.</i>

757
00:44:00,263 --> 00:44:02,391
{\an8}- Salmonella outbreak.
- Large salmonella outbreak.

758
00:44:02,391 --> 00:44:05,227
[reporter 2] <i>More than 100 people
have been sent to the hospital.</i>

759
00:44:05,227 --> 00:44:08,939
- [reporter 3] <i>Three hundred cases.</i>
- [reporter 4] <i>Made 278 people ill.</i>

760
00:44:09,773 --> 00:44:15,737
{\an8}At age two, I was hospitalized
for 11 days, uh, in New Haven.

761
00:44:15,737 --> 00:44:18,740
{\an8}Uh, my folks-- It was an isolation.

762
00:44:18,740 --> 00:44:20,659
My folks couldn't come to see me.

763
00:44:20,659 --> 00:44:23,787
[splutters] You know,
so I am a survivor of salmonella.

764
00:44:23,787 --> 00:44:27,332
Uh, and it's... uh, it's a killer.

765
00:44:27,332 --> 00:44:29,418
[dramatic music continues]

766
00:44:37,426 --> 00:44:40,429
[Sarah] If you look at the two bacteria
that are most likely

767
00:44:40,429 --> 00:44:42,931
to send you to the hospital from food,

768
00:44:42,931 --> 00:44:45,892
it's salmonella
and a germ called campylobacter.

769
00:44:45,892 --> 00:44:48,520
And if you look at the foods
that are most likely

770
00:44:48,520 --> 00:44:50,897
to be the source for those bacteria,

771
00:44:50,897 --> 00:44:53,400
at least from the outbreak data,
it's chicken.

772
00:44:54,568 --> 00:44:57,237
And so if we want
to address foodborne illness,

773
00:44:57,237 --> 00:45:00,240
we wanna bring those numbers down,
chicken is the place to start.

774
00:45:04,786 --> 00:45:08,206
Four companies now control more than half
the market in chicken processing.

775
00:45:08,206 --> 00:45:10,500
So it's a very consolidated industry,

776
00:45:10,500 --> 00:45:13,503
and it means those companies
have a lot of control over our food.

777
00:45:13,503 --> 00:45:15,380
At the top, the very top of the chain,

778
00:45:15,380 --> 00:45:19,593
there are really just two breeders
controlling the entire poultry supply

779
00:45:19,593 --> 00:45:21,678
in the sense that they provide the eggs.

780
00:45:21,678 --> 00:45:24,222
And those companies
largely operate in secrecy.

781
00:45:24,222 --> 00:45:27,476
Their customers are not the public.
They're not very communicative.

782
00:45:27,476 --> 00:45:30,061
And it's very hard to tell
what practices they're using

783
00:45:30,061 --> 00:45:32,939
to keep those eggs from spreading disease.

784
00:45:32,939 --> 00:45:35,025
[somber music plays]

785
00:45:48,580 --> 00:45:51,416
Perdue is very focused on food safety,

786
00:45:51,416 --> 00:45:54,669
{\an8}and, um, what makes us
a little bit different,

787
00:45:54,669 --> 00:45:58,924
{\an8}I believe, it came from, uh,
the "no antibiotics ever" move.

788
00:45:58,924 --> 00:46:02,677
{\an8}Well, tonight, there's a major change
coming to your dinner table.

789
00:46:02,677 --> 00:46:06,932
{\an8}Perdue, the chicken makers,
say it's dropping most human antibiotics

790
00:46:06,932 --> 00:46:08,683
{\an8}from its chicken products.

791
00:46:09,351 --> 00:46:12,270
[Bruce] In order to do that,
we needed to change a lot of things

792
00:46:12,270 --> 00:46:13,897
about how we raise chickens.

793
00:46:13,897 --> 00:46:15,982
{\an8}[suspenseful music plays]

794
00:46:22,572 --> 00:46:26,409
Perdue produces
a little over 12 million chickens a week.

795
00:46:28,829 --> 00:46:30,330
So the eggs come in.

796
00:46:30,330 --> 00:46:33,542
Uh, we want to get them
to the hatchery as fast as we can.

797
00:46:33,542 --> 00:46:36,294
Make sure that they're
in a clean environment.

798
00:46:38,004 --> 00:46:39,840
[Bruce in scene]
We asked them, the farmer,

799
00:46:39,840 --> 00:46:42,884
if there are some eggs
that are more likely to be dirty,

800
00:46:42,884 --> 00:46:44,219
put them on the bottom.

801
00:46:44,928 --> 00:46:48,181
We've been using this tool.
We can swab a lot of eggs

802
00:46:48,181 --> 00:46:49,808
and get immediate feedback

803
00:46:49,808 --> 00:46:51,726
on how much material is on

804
00:46:51,726 --> 00:46:54,729
and how much organic material
is alive on the egg.

805
00:47:00,777 --> 00:47:02,571
[Bruce in scene] 770's in the middle.

806
00:47:02,571 --> 00:47:06,491
Not terribly dirty
but not perfectly clean either.

807
00:47:07,158 --> 00:47:08,910
That doesn't mean there's salmonella,

808
00:47:08,910 --> 00:47:14,207
but it does give you a sense
of... of opportunity for salmonella.

809
00:47:14,207 --> 00:47:16,293
[chickens clucking]

810
00:47:19,379 --> 00:47:25,552
It takes 21 days to hatch a chicken from,
uh, an embryonated or a fertilized egg.

811
00:47:25,552 --> 00:47:28,388
[Bruce in scene]
So he's partially working his way out.

812
00:47:29,472 --> 00:47:30,724
- Taking a break.
- [man] Yeah.

813
00:47:30,724 --> 00:47:33,101
[Bruce] Gonna work his way out some more.

814
00:47:38,481 --> 00:47:40,483
[suspenseful music intensifies]

815
00:48:06,343 --> 00:48:09,304
[Bruce] The chicks,
after they've hatched at the hatchery,

816
00:48:09,304 --> 00:48:11,806
and we've done all we can there
to keep them clean,

817
00:48:11,806 --> 00:48:13,391
we move them to the farm.

818
00:48:22,817 --> 00:48:25,695
[chickens clucking]

819
00:48:32,744 --> 00:48:34,287
They come here a day old.

820
00:48:35,455 --> 00:48:38,750
Day they hatch, we get them here,
put them in the chicken house.

821
00:48:38,750 --> 00:48:41,252
They stay here about 45 days.

822
00:48:41,252 --> 00:48:44,339
These birds here are about 14 days,
two weeks old.

823
00:48:50,345 --> 00:48:53,640
So we monitor
for specific types of salmonella,

824
00:48:53,640 --> 00:48:58,269
and we use this sampling technique
called boot swabs, or bootie swabs,

825
00:48:58,269 --> 00:49:04,025
where you take a sock that's doused
in skim milk, put it over your boot,

826
00:49:04,025 --> 00:49:08,530
and walk through the chicken house trying
to sample as many chicken's droppings

827
00:49:08,530 --> 00:49:11,700
as you can possibly pick up
with those boots.

828
00:49:11,700 --> 00:49:15,662
And we figure over 100 chickens contribute
to the bootie sample.

829
00:49:15,662 --> 00:49:18,331
We send that to the lab
and look for salmonella.

830
00:49:31,052 --> 00:49:34,139
[suspenseful music continues]

831
00:49:38,893 --> 00:49:41,146
[Bruce in scene]
This is boneless, skinless breast.

832
00:49:41,146 --> 00:49:46,026
It comes down the line after
it's been taken off the, uh, bone.

833
00:49:47,152 --> 00:49:49,612
It goes into this unit and is washed.

834
00:49:50,280 --> 00:49:53,575
There's some peracetic acid,
helps us keep it clean

835
00:49:53,575 --> 00:49:57,245
from the process that we just did
all the way to the package.

836
00:49:58,997 --> 00:50:02,667
We believe that if a bird came in
with a little bit of salmonella,

837
00:50:02,667 --> 00:50:05,003
it'd be washed off and taken care of.

838
00:50:05,003 --> 00:50:07,088
[tense music plays]

839
00:50:15,472 --> 00:50:19,225
{\an8}One of the big broken pieces
of the American food safety system

840
00:50:19,225 --> 00:50:22,020
{\an8}is that we don't monitor anything
on the farm.

841
00:50:22,020 --> 00:50:24,898
[chickens clucking]

842
00:50:24,898 --> 00:50:27,067
Those are off-limits to regulators.

843
00:50:29,402 --> 00:50:34,240
[Lance] The problem lies in that a lot
of salmonella is found at the farm level,

844
00:50:34,240 --> 00:50:35,658
at the hatchery level.

845
00:50:36,409 --> 00:50:37,494
[brakes hiss]

846
00:50:38,495 --> 00:50:41,831
And, you know,
USDA's jurisdiction doesn't kick in

847
00:50:41,831 --> 00:50:44,959
until those chickens
actually enter the slaughter plant.

848
00:50:48,254 --> 00:50:49,214
[assistant] A-mark.

849
00:50:54,552 --> 00:50:58,223
[interviewer] Let's just start off with,
tell me what you do for work.

850
00:50:58,223 --> 00:51:02,268
[inspector in distorted voice] I am
a USDA consumer safety inspector,

851
00:51:02,268 --> 00:51:04,187
and I inspect chickens.

852
00:51:05,188 --> 00:51:07,190
[tense music plays]

853
00:51:13,863 --> 00:51:17,450
We run over 300,000 chickens a day.

854
00:51:21,996 --> 00:51:27,293
We're looking at 175 birds a minute,
and they're going by so fast.

855
00:51:29,921 --> 00:51:33,049
There's only one inspector
at the very end of the line,

856
00:51:33,800 --> 00:51:35,969
and they do miss a lot sometimes.

857
00:51:38,138 --> 00:51:40,223
Some of the plants I've worked at,

858
00:51:40,223 --> 00:51:43,893
I feel like the chicken's
not safe to go out.

859
00:51:43,893 --> 00:51:47,480
I feel like consumers
would really be shocked

860
00:51:47,480 --> 00:51:50,567
at some of the stories
that we could tell them.

861
00:51:52,652 --> 00:51:53,820
I've seen... [sighs]

862
00:51:53,820 --> 00:51:57,949
...plant person
throwing chickens in the chiller

863
00:51:57,949 --> 00:52:00,702
and would have fecal matter in them.

864
00:52:03,621 --> 00:52:08,459
I've seen inspectors sleep on the line
and product just going on by.

865
00:52:09,878 --> 00:52:12,839
And you'll see employees,
they've been to the bathroom.

866
00:52:12,839 --> 00:52:15,008
They're not washing their hands.

867
00:52:15,008 --> 00:52:16,551
I've seen... [sighs]

868
00:52:16,551 --> 00:52:21,055
...people drop their knives,
not attempt to pick them up and wash it,

869
00:52:21,055 --> 00:52:23,558
just go right back to using it.

870
00:52:25,977 --> 00:52:28,188
They got a quota they gotta meet.

871
00:52:28,188 --> 00:52:32,150
And, you know,
I feel like they're there to make a profit

872
00:52:32,150 --> 00:52:34,027
and get the chickens through.

873
00:52:34,027 --> 00:52:36,529
They don't care what shape they're in.

874
00:52:39,032 --> 00:52:44,329
The USDA inspection regime is really...
goes back to the early 1900s

875
00:52:44,329 --> 00:52:47,207
and, you know,
Upton Sinclair's book <i>The Jungle</i>.

876
00:52:47,207 --> 00:52:49,292
[narrator] <i>It was not a pleasant novel.</i>

877
00:52:49,292 --> 00:52:53,171
<i>It told of conditions of filth
and carelessness in the handling of meat,</i>

878
00:52:53,171 --> 00:52:56,216
<i>and those who read it
became concerned and aroused.</i>

879
00:52:57,217 --> 00:52:58,384
It's an outrage.

880
00:53:00,595 --> 00:53:04,307
[Mike] Meat and poultry inspection laws
are designed to deal with the problem

881
00:53:04,307 --> 00:53:09,687
that Teddy Roosevelt addressed in 1906
in meatpacking plants in Chicago,

882
00:53:09,687 --> 00:53:13,358
which is diseased animals
coming into facilities,

883
00:53:13,358 --> 00:53:16,110
spoiled meat being put
into the food system.

884
00:53:17,612 --> 00:53:20,823
[Bill] Frankly, when they built
that inspection regime,

885
00:53:20,823 --> 00:53:24,244
we didn't even understand viruses
and bacteria.

886
00:53:25,078 --> 00:53:27,747
[man] <i>Every bird must be
individually inspected.</i>

887
00:53:27,747 --> 00:53:31,084
<i>It must prove to be wholesome,
or else it is condemned.</i>

888
00:53:32,335 --> 00:53:35,046
[Marion] What they're expected to do
has nothing to do with bacteria.

889
00:53:35,046 --> 00:53:37,090
{\an8}You can't see bacteria.

890
00:53:37,632 --> 00:53:39,884
{\an8}They're not visible to the naked eye.

891
00:53:39,884 --> 00:53:41,970
[tense music intensifies]

892
00:53:42,887 --> 00:53:45,223
[Mike] You have hundreds,
if not thousands,

893
00:53:45,223 --> 00:53:48,142
of poultry inspectors
sitting on slaughter lines,

894
00:53:48,142 --> 00:53:51,437
watching birds go by,
to meet the statutory mandate

895
00:53:51,437 --> 00:53:55,525
to have a US government inspector look at
every chicken that goes through a facility

896
00:53:55,525 --> 00:53:58,111
{\an8}with no meaningful benefit
for food safety.

897
00:53:58,111 --> 00:54:00,321
{\an8}It's a waste
of hundreds of millions of dollars.

898
00:54:01,322 --> 00:54:05,326
I disagree with that assessment
for a number of reasons.

899
00:54:05,326 --> 00:54:07,495
{\an8}They do look at the product.

900
00:54:07,495 --> 00:54:10,915
{\an8}That's what the law requires
under current statutes.

901
00:54:10,915 --> 00:54:13,960
{\an8}They look at the records
that companies keep

902
00:54:13,960 --> 00:54:17,171
to ensure that they're doing
what they're supposed to do,

903
00:54:17,171 --> 00:54:20,133
and they sample and test product.

904
00:54:23,219 --> 00:54:25,972
[inspector in distorted voice]
We run millions of birds a month.

905
00:54:26,723 --> 00:54:31,644
We test five salmonella samples a month
of a whole bird.

906
00:54:33,271 --> 00:54:37,442
And we do five samples of parts
at our plant.

907
00:54:42,363 --> 00:54:44,991
That's all the USDA does.

908
00:54:49,078 --> 00:54:52,540
And just because it says
that "USDA inspected" on there,

909
00:54:52,540 --> 00:54:55,960
it don't mean nothing
because it's gotta be on their label.

910
00:54:55,960 --> 00:55:00,256
I wouldn't want to eat nothing coming
from some of the plants myself.

911
00:55:01,883 --> 00:55:04,719
{\an8}When you bring raw poultry
into your kitchen,

912
00:55:04,719 --> 00:55:06,429
{\an8}you're taking a significant risk.

913
00:55:06,429 --> 00:55:09,766
The real problem
is that even somebody as careful as me,

914
00:55:09,766 --> 00:55:12,477
I'm a microbiologist
that studies these pathogens,

915
00:55:12,477 --> 00:55:14,645
when I bring these packages into my house,

916
00:55:14,645 --> 00:55:18,274
it's really hard
not to contaminate things.

917
00:55:19,984 --> 00:55:21,069
I'm gonna open that package,

918
00:55:21,069 --> 00:55:24,155
and I'm immediately gonna put
that plastic into the trash.

919
00:55:25,323 --> 00:55:26,699
I'm gonna use my foot.

920
00:55:27,492 --> 00:55:29,118
Then I'm gonna take the chicken

921
00:55:29,118 --> 00:55:32,538
and immediately put it into,
you know, hot oil and start frying it.

922
00:55:33,498 --> 00:55:35,708
- [whimsical music plays]
- [chicken sizzling]

923
00:55:35,708 --> 00:55:37,794
Then I'm gonna throw away
the rest of the package,

924
00:55:37,794 --> 00:55:41,130
but this time I touched the top
of the trash can, right?

925
00:55:42,882 --> 00:55:44,967
And then I go wash my hand,
and I turn on the faucet.

926
00:55:44,967 --> 00:55:46,427
I've just contaminated the faucet.

927
00:55:46,427 --> 00:55:48,721
I pump the soap.
I've just contaminated the soap.

928
00:55:48,721 --> 00:55:50,640
I'm gonna wash my hands really well.

929
00:55:50,640 --> 00:55:53,184
Then I'm gonna rinse my hands,
and shut off the faucet.

930
00:55:53,184 --> 00:55:55,937
I've just recontaminated my hand,
and I'm gonna go make a salad.

931
00:55:58,898 --> 00:56:02,360
As careful as I am,
those bacteria get around.

932
00:56:03,361 --> 00:56:05,113
[whimsical music ends]

933
00:56:05,113 --> 00:56:08,866
{\an8}Once that salmonella is dry,
it can stay on surfaces for months.

934
00:56:08,866 --> 00:56:11,786
It could still make someone sick
when ingested.

935
00:56:11,786 --> 00:56:15,957
You should know that when you bring
raw poultry into your kitchen,

936
00:56:15,957 --> 00:56:19,043
you are introducing
into your household a biohazard,

937
00:56:19,043 --> 00:56:21,003
and you should handle it accordingly.

938
00:56:23,423 --> 00:56:24,924
[chicken sizzling]

939
00:56:24,924 --> 00:56:26,843
[Lance] When you consume salmonella,

940
00:56:26,843 --> 00:56:31,013
some of those strains also
are resistant to multiple antibiotics,

941
00:56:31,013 --> 00:56:34,934
and so the likelihood that a treatment
is going to fail is much higher.

942
00:56:38,604 --> 00:56:41,232
Those bacteria are going to continue
to grow in your blood,

943
00:56:41,232 --> 00:56:43,943
and sadly, people die of these infections.

944
00:56:44,444 --> 00:56:48,865
[suspenseful music plays]

945
00:57:08,843 --> 00:57:11,429
{\an8}[Mansour] So the way we test foods,

946
00:57:11,429 --> 00:57:15,683
{\an8}I think the samples dropped off here
for us to test were five samples

947
00:57:15,683 --> 00:57:19,937
{\an8}of... of chicken that were purchased
from local grocery stores.

948
00:57:21,856 --> 00:57:24,108
In about one hour, we get results,

949
00:57:25,526 --> 00:57:27,695
whether it has salmonella or not.

950
00:57:28,488 --> 00:57:30,239
[interviewer]
On our first day of production,

951
00:57:30,239 --> 00:57:32,909
we went to a food safety lab in Seattle.

952
00:57:32,909 --> 00:57:36,370
We picked up five brands
of raw chicken and tested them.

953
00:57:36,370 --> 00:57:39,624
And we were told by the lab,
"You're not gonna get positive results."

954
00:57:39,624 --> 00:57:41,000
"It's too small of a sample."

955
00:57:41,000 --> 00:57:43,836
We got one positive results,
and it was Perdue.

956
00:57:43,836 --> 00:57:46,756
- Can I just ask for your reaction to that?
- [smacks lips]

957
00:57:46,756 --> 00:57:53,179
I would say a chicken is, uh,
not even a fair thing to talk about.

958
00:57:53,179 --> 00:57:58,601
Uh, so, I mean, again,
we run hundreds of birds

959
00:57:58,601 --> 00:58:01,145
in order to understand where we're at.

960
00:58:01,145 --> 00:58:03,606
And the other part is I would wonder

961
00:58:03,606 --> 00:58:07,276
what the salmonella was in particular.

962
00:58:07,276 --> 00:58:08,694
[interviewer] It was infantis.

963
00:58:08,694 --> 00:58:14,367
Yeah. Having said that, one chicken
is not a fair... uh, fair discussion at all.

964
00:58:14,867 --> 00:58:18,162
[interviewer] What do you think would be
a fair sample set?

965
00:58:18,162 --> 00:58:23,292
A hundred and fifty, uh,
in a relatively short period of time.

966
00:58:25,795 --> 00:58:27,922
{\an8}[tense music plays]

967
00:58:33,678 --> 00:58:38,432
{\an8}[interviewer] So you're going
to be testing 150 chicken parts

968
00:58:38,432 --> 00:58:40,560
for us over the course of five weeks

969
00:58:40,560 --> 00:58:44,021
from the top four major brands
in this country.

970
00:58:48,401 --> 00:58:51,445
You're close to the end
of testing all one hundred--

971
00:58:51,445 --> 00:58:54,031
We're slightly--
We're about 60% of testing

972
00:58:54,031 --> 00:58:56,284
if you intend to bring in 150.

973
00:58:56,284 --> 00:59:00,371
Great. If I buy chicken
at the grocery store,

974
00:59:00,371 --> 00:59:02,415
should I assume it's safe for me?

975
00:59:02,415 --> 00:59:08,754
In this country, if you buy poultry,
uh, from any grocery store,

976
00:59:08,754 --> 00:59:11,674
regardless of the brand
of poultry that you buy,

977
00:59:12,341 --> 00:59:15,845
your... your primary assumption
should be that

978
00:59:15,845 --> 00:59:20,182
it contains pathogens
such as salmonella and campylobacter.

979
00:59:21,601 --> 00:59:26,314
The fact of the matter is salmonella
in chicken is okay to be sold.

980
00:59:26,314 --> 00:59:27,815
It's not an adulterant.

981
00:59:27,815 --> 00:59:33,195
So it's fine to knowingly sell
salmonella, campylobacter-tainted chicken.

982
00:59:33,195 --> 00:59:34,864
[easy listening music plays]

983
00:59:34,864 --> 00:59:39,118
There was a famous case where
the government and industry simply said

984
00:59:39,118 --> 00:59:42,622
that it was the housewife's job
to protect the family.

985
00:59:45,916 --> 00:59:47,543
[Brian] What it boils down to

986
00:59:47,543 --> 00:59:49,295
is the courts ruled that, you know,

987
00:59:49,295 --> 00:59:51,714
the salmonella can't be considered
an adulterant

988
00:59:51,714 --> 00:59:55,843
because housewives know
how to cook chicken.

989
00:59:55,843 --> 00:59:58,846
[narrator] <i>Can she prepare
those favorite dishes of Tim's</i>

990
00:59:58,846 --> 01:00:00,806
<i>just like his mother used to make?</i>

991
01:00:01,599 --> 01:00:04,393
[Brian] And therefore,
it doesn't pose a threat to human illness.

992
01:00:05,436 --> 01:00:09,940
[narrator] <i>Remember, it pays to play safe
in the kitchen.</i>

993
01:00:11,442 --> 01:00:15,237
This terrible court case
dealt a death blow

994
01:00:15,237 --> 01:00:19,158
to... to regulation in the United States
regarding salmonella.

995
01:00:19,158 --> 01:00:22,536
Sadly, a true death blow
to a lot of people since.

996
01:00:22,536 --> 01:00:26,415
The USDA throws up its hand and says,

997
01:00:26,415 --> 01:00:32,338
"Toxic salmonella are a normal part
of raw chicken."

998
01:00:32,338 --> 01:00:35,091
"You don't want toxic salmonella?
Cook it."

999
01:00:39,595 --> 01:00:41,263
[Bill] That's what we're trying to change.

1000
01:00:42,014 --> 01:00:44,600
The burden shouldn't be with consumers.

1001
01:00:45,768 --> 01:00:48,854
{\an8}And that's why we filed
a petition with the USDA.

1002
01:00:50,314 --> 01:00:52,858
[tense music plays]

1003
01:01:03,160 --> 01:01:06,122
Well, welcome. Let me just say
it's so good to really be,

1004
01:01:06,122 --> 01:01:08,290
uh, with... with all of you.

1005
01:01:08,290 --> 01:01:12,420
I... I just have such high regard
for the work that you do and...

1006
01:01:12,420 --> 01:01:16,799
{\an8}I know, Bill, you have petitions
that you have moving forward,

1007
01:01:16,799 --> 01:01:20,052
{\an8}and Sarah, you do, uh, as well.

1008
01:01:20,052 --> 01:01:22,555
{\an8}And I'd love to have you just update me.

1009
01:01:23,139 --> 01:01:28,853
{\an8}I made a really broad petition
that would essentially encompass

1010
01:01:28,853 --> 01:01:33,399
making all salmonellas
that cause human disease an adulterant.

1011
01:01:33,399 --> 01:01:37,611
Draw a line in the sand and say, you know,
"Thou shalt not have a pathogen

1012
01:01:37,611 --> 01:01:40,489
in your food that can sicken
or kill your kid."

1013
01:01:40,489 --> 01:01:42,366
[chuckles] Science supports that.

1014
01:01:42,366 --> 01:01:46,287
Yeah, these pathogens are taking advantage
of the gaps we have in our current system.

1015
01:01:46,287 --> 01:01:47,246
Yeah.

1016
01:01:47,246 --> 01:01:51,041
{\an8}I mean, I think the common thread
of all the work that we're all doing

1017
01:01:51,041 --> 01:01:54,211
{\an8}is modernizing the outdated system
that we have now.

1018
01:01:54,211 --> 01:01:56,881
[splutters] That's the importance
of this conversation.

1019
01:01:56,881 --> 01:01:58,924
You spoke, Sarah, about the gaps.

1020
01:01:58,924 --> 01:02:02,428
- [Sarah] Mm.
- Where are-- And I speak legislatively.

1021
01:02:02,428 --> 01:02:05,556
Where are the gaps
that we need to try to fill in?

1022
01:02:05,556 --> 01:02:07,475
We really don't have a government agency

1023
01:02:07,475 --> 01:02:10,561
that's able to go onto farms
and look at food safety risks.

1024
01:02:10,561 --> 01:02:16,108
They can regulate diseases
that cause animal illnesses,

1025
01:02:16,108 --> 01:02:21,113
but they turn a blind eye to the diseases
that cause human illness.

1026
01:02:21,113 --> 01:02:23,741
If it makes you sick...

1027
01:02:25,743 --> 01:02:27,745
[hesitates] ...let's regulate it.

1028
01:02:27,745 --> 01:02:28,704
We can do it,

1029
01:02:28,704 --> 01:02:31,791
but I... I don't have
to tell anyone around this table

1030
01:02:31,791 --> 01:02:33,751
about the strength of the lobby.

1031
01:02:33,751 --> 01:02:34,919
- [Bill] Right.
- [Brian] Yeah.

1032
01:02:34,919 --> 01:02:36,921
[Rosa] You have to know
what you're up against.

1033
01:02:37,421 --> 01:02:42,426
The food lobbyists are more powerful
than the consumer at the moment.

1034
01:02:42,426 --> 01:02:44,970
It's... it's very, very political.

1035
01:02:45,554 --> 01:02:46,514
Um...

1036
01:02:46,514 --> 01:02:52,520
In... in a very, um...
in my view, in a dangerous way.

1037
01:02:53,187 --> 01:02:55,189
[tense music plays]

1038
01:02:59,527 --> 01:03:02,613
[Marion] Food companies hate regulation.

1039
01:03:03,155 --> 01:03:05,741
They pay very expensive lobbyists

1040
01:03:05,741 --> 01:03:07,576
to lobby the federal government

1041
01:03:07,576 --> 01:03:13,123
to make sure that the regulatory oversight
is extremely limited.

1042
01:03:13,123 --> 01:03:14,917
{\an8}Madam chairman and committee members,

1043
01:03:14,917 --> 01:03:17,920
{\an8}as you can appreciate,
there are many issues impacting the state

1044
01:03:17,920 --> 01:03:20,548
{\an8}of the chicken industry
as I speak to you today.

1045
01:03:21,048 --> 01:03:23,551
{\an8}[Marion] They go to Congress and say,

1046
01:03:23,551 --> 01:03:26,470
{\an8}"We know you're considering a bill

1047
01:03:26,470 --> 01:03:31,433
{\an8}to pass very tight regulations
about food safety."

1048
01:03:31,433 --> 01:03:35,563
{\an8}As Henry Ford once said,
"Don't find fault. Find a remedy."

1049
01:03:36,397 --> 01:03:38,023
{\an8}[Bill] As soon as we propose something,

1050
01:03:38,649 --> 01:03:40,943
you know,
the industry groups are gonna come in,

1051
01:03:40,943 --> 01:03:43,571
and they're gonna have their stories

1052
01:03:43,571 --> 01:03:46,907
about why this would be burdensome
on industry,

1053
01:03:46,907 --> 01:03:49,326
and meat prices are gonna go higher,

1054
01:03:49,326 --> 01:03:53,497
people are gonna lose their jobs,
and it's the consumer's responsibility.

1055
01:03:53,497 --> 01:03:56,917
All those arguments
were the ones they said,

1056
01:03:56,917 --> 01:04:01,297
- you know, when E. coli O157:
- H7
was listed as an adulterant.

1057
01:04:01,297 --> 01:04:04,049
You know, the world was gonna fall apart,
and it didn't.

1058
01:04:04,049 --> 01:04:06,135
[tense music ends]

1059
01:04:08,429 --> 01:04:11,473
{\an8}[Mindy] I was
the undersecretary for food safety

1060
01:04:11,473 --> 01:04:15,311
{\an8}which was the highest-ranking
food safety official in the US.

1061
01:04:16,061 --> 01:04:18,689
And, I mean, I'm a scientist.
I'm not a politician.

1062
01:04:18,689 --> 01:04:20,858
I was there to make the food supply safe.

1063
01:04:22,484 --> 01:04:27,281
When you put agendas
and, you know, political interest aside,

1064
01:04:27,281 --> 01:04:28,866
then you can solve problems.

1065
01:04:28,866 --> 01:04:32,077
You can get data,
you can find the answers,

1066
01:04:32,077 --> 01:04:34,538
and then you can find something
that actually works.

1067
01:04:34,538 --> 01:04:37,917
Obviously, regulations are important.
I'm not saying they're not.

1068
01:04:37,917 --> 01:04:41,128
But it's better for us to be able
to come to the table

1069
01:04:41,128 --> 01:04:43,547
before we have to move to regulation.

1070
01:04:44,298 --> 01:04:47,301
[interviewer] When you were nominated
for your position by President Trump,

1071
01:04:47,301 --> 01:04:50,804
a lobbyist for the National Cattlemen's
Beef Association said that this was

1072
01:04:50,804 --> 01:04:53,098
great news for the industry.

1073
01:04:53,098 --> 01:04:55,976
Why was the industry
so excited about you in particular?

1074
01:04:55,976 --> 01:04:57,394
Because I'm a scientist,

1075
01:04:57,394 --> 01:05:00,439
and they knew I'd make
data-driven, science-based decisions.

1076
01:05:01,357 --> 01:05:03,859
[interviewer]
It had nothing to do with the fact

1077
01:05:03,859 --> 01:05:06,654
that you had received a lot of money
for your research

1078
01:05:06,654 --> 01:05:09,281
from this very same group over the years?

1079
01:05:09,281 --> 01:05:11,283
No. I mean... [splutters]

1080
01:05:11,283 --> 01:05:12,618
No. [chuckles]

1081
01:05:13,243 --> 01:05:16,956
I do wish that that money, you know,
was my personal money.

1082
01:05:16,956 --> 01:05:19,959
It never-- It wasn't.
It was university given to--

1083
01:05:19,959 --> 01:05:23,295
It was money given
to the university to do research.

1084
01:05:23,295 --> 01:05:27,841
And that's how we fund research programs,
is through grants from the cattlemen,

1085
01:05:27,841 --> 01:05:31,804
through, uh, you know, the meat institute,
all those different organizations.

1086
01:05:31,804 --> 01:05:35,307
[interviewer] Are you saying it isn't
a conflict of interest for you to regulate

1087
01:05:35,307 --> 01:05:38,560
the very industry that has funded
so many of your studies?

1088
01:05:38,560 --> 01:05:42,898
It didn't necessarily change the way
I looked at the industry at all.

1089
01:05:42,898 --> 01:05:46,694
If anything, you know,
I knew where the pathogens were

1090
01:05:46,694 --> 01:05:48,278
and how to control them

1091
01:05:48,278 --> 01:05:51,198
and all of those different components
of the industry.

1092
01:05:51,198 --> 01:05:54,618
So I think it just made me
a stronger person in that position.

1093
01:05:55,744 --> 01:05:58,372
[interviewer] Was your nomination
also great news, do you think,

1094
01:05:58,372 --> 01:06:01,542
for the consumers that rely on
the government to keep their food safe?

1095
01:06:01,542 --> 01:06:04,795
Yes. I'm a very strong consumer advocate.

1096
01:06:12,511 --> 01:06:16,390
And, you know, it's not just, you know,
Mindy Brashears, you know.

1097
01:06:16,390 --> 01:06:18,142
It's everyone in government.

1098
01:06:18,142 --> 01:06:22,354
They get into this...
you know, into this political realm.

1099
01:06:22,354 --> 01:06:25,774
And it doesn't seem like they really

1100
01:06:25,774 --> 01:06:29,361
are paying attention
to the people's business.

1101
01:06:30,529 --> 01:06:34,283
[interviewer] Have you made a decision
on the Marler petition yet?

1102
01:06:34,283 --> 01:06:35,784
No, we have not.

1103
01:06:35,784 --> 01:06:40,539
We are examining and assessing
the requests in the context

1104
01:06:40,539 --> 01:06:44,793
of our larger salmonella initiative.

1105
01:06:44,793 --> 01:06:49,214
Their goal in each of the petitions
is to do a better job

1106
01:06:49,214 --> 01:06:54,887
at reducing salmonella,
the strains that make people sick.

1107
01:06:54,887 --> 01:06:58,098
We have the same exact goal.

1108
01:06:59,558 --> 01:07:04,021
When Mike Taylor deemed
- E. coli O157:
- H7 an adulterant,

1109
01:07:04,021 --> 01:07:05,898
he had complete authority to do that.

1110
01:07:05,898 --> 01:07:08,567
There's absolutely no reason that,

1111
01:07:08,567 --> 01:07:14,782
uh, Sandy Eskin couldn't do exactly
the same thing on her own right now.

1112
01:07:14,782 --> 01:07:16,283
[interviewer] She has the authority?

1113
01:07:16,283 --> 01:07:20,954
Absolutely. She has the authority to deem
salmonella an adulterant in chicken.

1114
01:07:20,954 --> 01:07:22,664
[interviewer] So why doesn't she?

1115
01:07:22,664 --> 01:07:25,459
Because, uh, the industry would...

1116
01:07:25,459 --> 01:07:28,128
And I should say this
knowing that it's chicken,

1117
01:07:28,128 --> 01:07:32,091
the industry would squawk, um,
and they would squawk loudly.

1118
01:07:32,091 --> 01:07:34,176
[chickens clucking loudly]

1119
01:07:36,011 --> 01:07:39,431
I feel like the industry
hasn't held up their end of the bargain.

1120
01:07:40,849 --> 01:07:41,892
You can go to Europe

1121
01:07:41,892 --> 01:07:43,769
and buy packages that are labeled,

1122
01:07:43,769 --> 01:07:45,771
you know, "pathogen-free" there.

1123
01:07:45,771 --> 01:07:47,856
You can't get that in the United States.

1124
01:07:49,858 --> 01:07:51,235
[Sarah] They went back to the farm,

1125
01:07:51,235 --> 01:07:54,279
and they prioritized getting rid
of the worst types of salmonella

1126
01:07:54,279 --> 01:07:55,489
that make humans sick.

1127
01:07:56,073 --> 01:07:58,617
[Bill] They vaccinate chicken
against salmonella.

1128
01:07:58,617 --> 01:08:02,412
They sometimes eradicate flocks
that are contaminated with salmonella,

1129
01:08:02,412 --> 01:08:05,874
and they do those interventions
before they hit the slaughterhouse

1130
01:08:05,874 --> 01:08:10,379
because once they hit the slaughterhouse,
you know, it's not gonna help.

1131
01:08:10,879 --> 01:08:12,881
[tense music plays]

1132
01:08:17,136 --> 01:08:20,597
So it's not like we can't do it.

1133
01:08:20,597 --> 01:08:26,311
Um, we just don't have
the political will yet to do it.

1134
01:08:29,148 --> 01:08:31,066
[whirring]

1135
01:08:31,066 --> 01:08:34,069
When you look at what happened
to Stephanie Ingberg,

1136
01:08:34,736 --> 01:08:37,531
there's no question
we're not doing enough.

1137
01:08:37,531 --> 01:08:40,701
The government's not doing enough.
The industry's not doing enough.

1138
01:08:40,701 --> 01:08:42,161
[heart monitor beeping]

1139
01:08:45,122 --> 01:08:47,166
[Scott] Stephanie, you know,
when we first found out

1140
01:08:47,166 --> 01:08:50,794
that first morning that she was back
that she may not live very much longer,

1141
01:08:50,794 --> 01:08:56,300
{\an8}the fact that she didn't die, uh,
gave us hope. She was still with us.

1142
01:08:56,300 --> 01:08:59,136
She was still in a coma.
We couldn't communicate with her.

1143
01:08:59,136 --> 01:09:01,889
They... they didn't know
why she wasn't waking up.

1144
01:09:01,889 --> 01:09:04,766
And I think that's what led
to the question about the brain injury,

1145
01:09:04,766 --> 01:09:06,143
that she just wasn't waking up.

1146
01:09:06,143 --> 01:09:08,228
[heart monitor beeping]

1147
01:09:08,979 --> 01:09:10,814
The priest came in saying a prayer.

1148
01:09:12,107 --> 01:09:14,860
And during that prayer,
her eyes just started to slit open.

1149
01:09:14,860 --> 01:09:16,862
And that was the first sign of waking up.

1150
01:09:18,155 --> 01:09:18,989
Yeah.

1151
01:09:21,742 --> 01:09:23,410
[sniffles] Okay.

1152
01:09:23,410 --> 01:09:25,913
[Stephanie]
I specifically remember when I woke up,

1153
01:09:26,413 --> 01:09:29,958
{\an8}everyone was surrounding me,
and everyone was very emotional around me.

1154
01:09:29,958 --> 01:09:32,586
{\an8}I'm like, "What is the big deal?
Why is everyone so sad right now?"

1155
01:09:32,586 --> 01:09:34,046
{\an8}"I don't understand."

1156
01:09:34,046 --> 01:09:36,131
[dramatic music plays]

1157
01:09:39,509 --> 01:09:43,931
So they were telling me
that I got, um, a strain of E. coli.

1158
01:09:43,931 --> 01:09:45,015
[Pablo] Okay.

1159
01:09:45,515 --> 01:09:47,643
Do you have any pain when I poke in there?

1160
01:09:47,643 --> 01:09:48,602
- No.
- [Pablo] No.

1161
01:09:49,853 --> 01:09:53,273
[Stephanie] And it can give you HUS,
which is a fatal kidney disease,

1162
01:09:53,273 --> 01:09:54,441
which is what I got.

1163
01:09:58,862 --> 01:10:03,325
[Pablo] This condition in her body was
like a nuclear bomb exploding inside you,

1164
01:10:03,325 --> 01:10:05,953
{\an8}where it hits every single organ,

1165
01:10:05,953 --> 01:10:08,664
{\an8}and then you have to get there
and pick up the pieces.

1166
01:10:10,916 --> 01:10:13,460
{\an8}[Pablo in scene] Okay, good,
we're gonna go to the left side now.

1167
01:10:14,419 --> 01:10:17,881
[Stephanie] It took me a long time
to rebuild my strength.

1168
01:10:18,632 --> 01:10:20,550
- [Pablo] Feels better, huh?
- [chuckles]

1169
01:10:20,550 --> 01:10:24,304
My coma kind of knocked me out
for the hardest parts,

1170
01:10:24,304 --> 01:10:25,722
but I know there were moments

1171
01:10:25,722 --> 01:10:28,725
that my family and my doctors
didn't think I was gonna make it through,

1172
01:10:28,725 --> 01:10:30,477
which has been really hard on them.

1173
01:10:30,477 --> 01:10:34,314
And it's hard for me
to know that I put them through that pain.

1174
01:10:35,023 --> 01:10:35,857
Um...

1175
01:10:38,360 --> 01:10:39,194
But...

1176
01:10:39,695 --> 01:10:40,529
Yeah.

1177
01:10:41,697 --> 01:10:44,866
Control it all the way.
I'm gonna look at your knees as you go.

1178
01:10:44,866 --> 01:10:47,202
[Stephanie]
I had a lot of physical therapy,

1179
01:10:47,202 --> 01:10:49,955
a handful of outpatient dialysis visits.

1180
01:10:49,955 --> 01:10:51,957
I had doctor's appointments every day.

1181
01:10:51,957 --> 01:10:55,460
My mom couldn't go back to work
for months because she had to drive me

1182
01:10:55,460 --> 01:10:58,839
to probably two
or three doctor's appointments every day.

1183
01:10:58,839 --> 01:11:03,635
You know, I had a few goals
set in place that helped motivate me.

1184
01:11:03,635 --> 01:11:05,554
You know, I was graduating in May.

1185
01:11:05,554 --> 01:11:09,308
Being able to, um,
you know, walk at graduation

1186
01:11:10,225 --> 01:11:13,103
was one of my biggest goals
because at the time I couldn't walk.

1187
01:11:13,103 --> 01:11:15,439
[crowd cheering]

1188
01:11:21,987 --> 01:11:23,113
[sniffles]

1189
01:11:23,113 --> 01:11:26,325
And I'm crying,
but I achieved all those goals.

1190
01:11:26,325 --> 01:11:29,786
{\an8}You know, I... I got to go to prom.
I got to walk at graduation...

1191
01:11:29,786 --> 01:11:31,079
[camera shutter clicks]

1192
01:11:33,832 --> 01:11:36,626
...which, you know,
I feel like I'm pretty lucky

1193
01:11:36,626 --> 01:11:38,879
to be able to say I was able to do,

1194
01:11:38,879 --> 01:11:41,423
given the circumstances. [sniffles]

1195
01:11:42,758 --> 01:11:45,302
You are still having
protein spillage in the urine.

1196
01:11:45,969 --> 01:11:48,347
That is unfortunately not normal.

1197
01:11:48,347 --> 01:11:51,641
And that's why we're using,
uh, this medication, Lisinopril.

1198
01:11:52,184 --> 01:11:54,394
Unfortunately, uh,

1199
01:11:55,395 --> 01:11:59,191
it's been four years now,
and I'm not seeing this going away.

1200
01:12:00,567 --> 01:12:02,861
[Stephanie] I'm kind of nervous
for what the future holds

1201
01:12:02,861 --> 01:12:06,198
with my kidney health and everything.
I try not to think about it.

1202
01:12:07,908 --> 01:12:09,785
I have to take a medication every day

1203
01:12:09,785 --> 01:12:13,789
to try to tighten the filters
in my kidneys.

1204
01:12:14,748 --> 01:12:17,209
I've talked to my nephrologist,
and there's a possibility

1205
01:12:17,209 --> 01:12:19,336
that I might have to get
a kidney transplant.

1206
01:12:19,336 --> 01:12:23,673
I mean, I might have to be
on dialysis for the rest of my life.

1207
01:12:23,673 --> 01:12:25,342
Like, you never wanna hear that.

1208
01:12:25,842 --> 01:12:27,844
[chair creaking]

1209
01:12:30,430 --> 01:12:34,059
{\an8}[Sarah] I think some people tend
to brush off foodborne illness.

1210
01:12:36,520 --> 01:12:37,813
Oh, it's a little stomach ache.

1211
01:12:37,813 --> 01:12:40,732
You know, it's some extra time
in the bathroom. It's no big deal.

1212
01:12:42,526 --> 01:12:45,362
[Stephanie] It is so much more
than that, you know.

1213
01:12:45,362 --> 01:12:49,658
It's comas and brain damage
and kidney trauma

1214
01:12:49,658 --> 01:12:52,369
and definitely should be taken seriously.

1215
01:12:52,369 --> 01:12:54,538
I ate a salad, and, you know,

1216
01:12:54,538 --> 01:12:58,375
now I have
long-term health effects from it.

1217
01:12:58,375 --> 01:13:00,460
[tense music plays]

1218
01:13:02,671 --> 01:13:06,925
[Brian] If you were to develop a list
of the highest-risk foods right now,

1219
01:13:06,925 --> 01:13:10,887
romaine lettuce would be near the top,
if not at the top.

1220
01:13:12,180 --> 01:13:14,516
[interviewer]
I'm curious if you eat romaine?

1221
01:13:14,516 --> 01:13:15,434
I don't.

1222
01:13:16,143 --> 01:13:17,561
[interviewer] Do you eat romaine?

1223
01:13:17,561 --> 01:13:21,606
[splutters] I do steer clear of romaine
for the most part.

1224
01:13:21,606 --> 01:13:22,691
[laughs]

1225
01:13:22,691 --> 01:13:25,152
I mean, I think about it
every time I eat it.

1226
01:13:25,152 --> 01:13:29,030
I, you know...
I've rolled the dice. [laughs]

1227
01:13:29,698 --> 01:13:32,659
{\an8}[interviewer] Are there any foods
that you both absolutely avoid?

1228
01:13:33,160 --> 01:13:37,205
{\an8}Bagged-- We don't buy
prepackaged bagged salads.

1229
01:13:37,205 --> 01:13:38,206
- Um...
- [Julie] Yeah.

1230
01:13:38,206 --> 01:13:43,879
We kind of tend to shy away from romaine,
especially from Yuma or Salinas.

1231
01:13:45,255 --> 01:13:47,757
[birds chirping]

1232
01:13:52,012 --> 01:13:54,473
[interviewer]
Has the LGMA response prevented

1233
01:13:54,473 --> 01:13:56,683
leafy greens outbreaks in your opinion?

1234
01:13:57,767 --> 01:14:01,313
{\an8}LGMA has made a significant difference
in this industry.

1235
01:14:02,189 --> 01:14:04,191
[interviewer] Are there any studies
that document

1236
01:14:04,191 --> 01:14:07,986
the improvement of safety
after the implementation of LGMA?

1237
01:14:07,986 --> 01:14:10,155
[inhales, exhales]

1238
01:14:16,036 --> 01:14:17,787
I don't know of any. [inhales]

1239
01:14:17,787 --> 01:14:20,665
[interviewer] So you say
that you feel confident

1240
01:14:20,665 --> 01:14:22,459
that it's prevented certain outbreaks--

1241
01:14:22,459 --> 01:14:23,460
Absolutely.

1242
01:14:23,460 --> 01:14:25,128
[interviewer] I want to run through

1243
01:14:26,087 --> 01:14:28,340
some things that have gone down
the past five years.

1244
01:14:28,340 --> 01:14:31,635
So September 2017,
eight people sick from spinach.

1245
01:14:31,635 --> 01:14:36,932
November 2017, 67 people sick
from another unknown leafy green outbreak.

1246
01:14:36,932 --> 01:14:40,685
Then the following year in March,
a big one, 248 people, five dead.

1247
01:14:40,685 --> 01:14:42,312
April 2018, ten people.

1248
01:14:42,312 --> 01:14:45,607
October 2018,
three separate leafy green outbreaks,

1249
01:14:45,607 --> 01:14:47,108
sickening 135 people.

1250
01:14:47,108 --> 01:14:50,070
November, same thing, 167 people sick.

1251
01:14:50,070 --> 01:14:52,822
November 2019,
two more outbreaks that same year.

1252
01:14:52,822 --> 01:14:55,575
October 2020, 40 people.

1253
01:14:55,575 --> 01:14:57,702
This isn't a great track record, is it?

1254
01:14:58,745 --> 01:15:00,288
I think we have a lot to be proud of.

1255
01:15:00,288 --> 01:15:03,917
Certainly, every one of those
is... is a tragic incident

1256
01:15:03,917 --> 01:15:06,086
and the effect it had on those consumers.

1257
01:15:06,086 --> 01:15:10,757
But I am confident of the progress
that we have made through the LGMA

1258
01:15:10,757 --> 01:15:13,260
and the difference we have made
in the industry.

1259
01:15:15,095 --> 01:15:17,097
[tense music plays]

1260
01:15:19,015 --> 01:15:21,309
[Christine] One thing that jumped out
at me when reporting

1261
01:15:21,309 --> 01:15:23,103
on these romaine lettuce outbreaks

1262
01:15:23,103 --> 01:15:26,231
is how little the federal government

1263
01:15:26,231 --> 01:15:28,275
was doing to address them.

1264
01:15:28,275 --> 01:15:30,819
[machine whirring]

1265
01:15:30,819 --> 01:15:33,947
For many years, we've given
the responsibility to the businesses

1266
01:15:33,947 --> 01:15:37,409
and let them take responsibility,
and that's not working.

1267
01:15:38,285 --> 01:15:39,911
[interviewer] I'm being asked to wrap up.

1268
01:15:39,911 --> 01:15:43,873
What do you want the viewers
to know about this issue?

1269
01:15:44,457 --> 01:15:46,251
{\an8}Well, I would like your viewers to know

1270
01:15:46,251 --> 01:15:49,462
{\an8}that the US has among
the safest food systems in the world.

1271
01:15:49,462 --> 01:15:53,717
But we plan to work together
to create an even safer, more digital,

1272
01:15:53,717 --> 01:15:57,762
transparent, and sustainable food system
that's going to be good for consumers.

1273
01:15:57,762 --> 01:16:01,016
It'll be good for producers,
and it will be good for the planet.

1274
01:16:03,560 --> 01:16:05,937
I can't even tell you how many times

1275
01:16:05,937 --> 01:16:10,150
I have heard policymakers,
executives, leaders say the phrase,

1276
01:16:10,150 --> 01:16:12,569
"America has the safest food system
in the world."

1277
01:16:12,569 --> 01:16:17,365
But there seems
to have been this endless cycle

1278
01:16:17,365 --> 01:16:23,246
of failure and outbreaks
and recalls and illnesses and deaths.

1279
01:16:23,246 --> 01:16:25,081
You know, when I hear politicians say,

1280
01:16:25,081 --> 01:16:27,375
"We've got the safest food system
in the world,"

1281
01:16:27,375 --> 01:16:30,545
it's just... it's laughable. We don't have
the safest food system in the world.

1282
01:16:30,545 --> 01:16:33,465
I mean, these pathogens are controllable.
We're not controlling them.

1283
01:16:33,465 --> 01:16:35,884
We're in the United States.
We expect better.

1284
01:16:37,010 --> 01:16:41,473
And when the safety of our food supply
lets us down, it lets us down big-time.

1285
01:16:41,473 --> 01:16:44,893
[dramatic music plays]

1286
01:16:58,782 --> 01:17:00,784
[chickens clucking]

1287
01:17:13,088 --> 01:17:16,841
{\an8}[Brian] Right now, the government is not
doing enough to protect consumers.

1288
01:17:18,259 --> 01:17:21,346
{\an8}And then consumers,
because the burden is often on them

1289
01:17:21,346 --> 01:17:22,639
when it gets to that level,

1290
01:17:22,639 --> 01:17:25,934
you know, they have to make sure that
they're taking the proper steps at home.

1291
01:17:25,934 --> 01:17:28,019
[upbeat music plays]

1292
01:17:30,271 --> 01:17:34,442
I would say number one food
on my list that I avoid is cantaloupe.

1293
01:17:35,735 --> 01:17:37,487
You cannot properly clean the outside,

1294
01:17:37,487 --> 01:17:40,532
and once you bring that knife through it,
it's too late.

1295
01:17:40,532 --> 01:17:42,617
And there's no kill step for cantaloupe.

1296
01:17:43,910 --> 01:17:45,745
Number two is sprouts.

1297
01:17:46,579 --> 01:17:49,791
Every other year,
there's a significant outbreak

1298
01:17:49,791 --> 01:17:52,293
where there's just no way to clean them.

1299
01:17:53,628 --> 01:17:56,923
I would say number three
would be bagged lettuce.

1300
01:17:58,299 --> 01:18:01,261
Your spring mix.
Your different salad mixes.

1301
01:18:01,261 --> 01:18:05,098
You don't necessarily know
how many heads of lettuce that came from.

1302
01:18:05,098 --> 01:18:07,434
Or do you even know
if it came from any one place?

1303
01:18:13,106 --> 01:18:15,984
[Bill] All the outbreaks
that I've been involved in

1304
01:18:16,651 --> 01:18:20,780
are triple-washed, bagged,
and shipped around the country.

1305
01:18:22,449 --> 01:18:25,910
You know, buy it in a whole head
and wash it yourself.

1306
01:18:26,536 --> 01:18:28,246
Control your own environment.

1307
01:18:30,665 --> 01:18:32,333
[Sarah] Today,
when we were ordering lunch,

1308
01:18:32,333 --> 01:18:35,003
I avoided everything that has
that little star on it on the menu

1309
01:18:35,003 --> 01:18:38,631
saying consumption of undercooked meat
can expose you to risk.

1310
01:18:38,631 --> 01:18:40,967
So there was
some raw fish they were serving,

1311
01:18:40,967 --> 01:18:42,844
and I, uh, took a pass on that one.

1312
01:18:45,889 --> 01:18:48,975
[Timothy] You need to decide, "Am I
a person who loves raw oysters enough

1313
01:18:48,975 --> 01:18:53,104
that I want to take the risks
that are associated with raw oysters?"

1314
01:18:53,938 --> 01:18:56,691
[Sarah] I don't wanna be one
of those people who ends up losing a limb

1315
01:18:56,691 --> 01:18:58,693
because of, uh, you know, a night out.

1316
01:18:58,693 --> 01:19:00,069
Yeah.

1317
01:19:02,238 --> 01:19:03,865
Thank you. Thank you very much.

1318
01:19:03,865 --> 01:19:04,991
Thanks.

1319
01:19:07,285 --> 01:19:08,453
What are you having?

1320
01:19:08,995 --> 01:19:14,209
I'm gonna have a hamburger cooked
to 155 degrees internal temperature,

1321
01:19:14,709 --> 01:19:16,336
uh, french fries,

1322
01:19:16,336 --> 01:19:17,378
and that's it.

1323
01:19:17,378 --> 01:19:18,797
[server] Okay. You got it.

1324
01:19:19,297 --> 01:19:21,925
[burgers sizzling]

1325
01:19:21,925 --> 01:19:25,178
[Ben] When you go to a restaurant
and you want to order a hamburger,

1326
01:19:25,178 --> 01:19:28,056
the best thing to do
is order to temperature,

1327
01:19:28,640 --> 01:19:32,977
because medium rare, rare, well-done,
those are all subjective.

1328
01:19:32,977 --> 01:19:36,481
You can't look at color
or whether juices run clear.

1329
01:19:36,481 --> 01:19:39,901
And if they say, "We don't have
a thermometer. We can't cook to that."

1330
01:19:39,901 --> 01:19:41,778
Then I'd order something else.

1331
01:19:41,778 --> 01:19:42,904
[bell dings]

1332
01:19:50,578 --> 01:19:53,331
I think when I first started
doing this kind of work,

1333
01:19:53,331 --> 01:19:54,833
I kind of thought that,

1334
01:19:55,542 --> 01:19:58,795
you know, if you sued enough people
and you took enough money,

1335
01:19:58,795 --> 01:20:00,672
that that would change their behavior.

1336
01:20:00,672 --> 01:20:03,800
I just turned 64, you know,

1337
01:20:03,800 --> 01:20:08,221
and I just don't feel like
I've accomplished what I was hoping to do.

1338
01:20:09,013 --> 01:20:10,056
So...

1339
01:20:10,056 --> 01:20:14,394
'Cause I really did think, you know...
I really did think that, you know,

1340
01:20:14,394 --> 01:20:17,230
by the time I got to this stage that,

1341
01:20:18,022 --> 01:20:22,277
um, you know, this kind of thing
wouldn't be happening anymore.

1342
01:20:23,152 --> 01:20:24,362
But it happens

1343
01:20:24,863 --> 01:20:25,822
all the time.

1344
01:20:26,322 --> 01:20:29,951
<i>♪ Buried, banging at your door ♪</i>

1345
01:20:32,620 --> 01:20:34,873
<i>♪ Don't hear a sound... ♪</i>

1346
01:20:34,873 --> 01:20:39,544
After my son died,
I assumed that either the government,

1347
01:20:40,253 --> 01:20:41,796
you know, laws and policies,

1348
01:20:41,796 --> 01:20:44,549
or science and technology
would take care of this.

1349
01:20:44,549 --> 01:20:49,429
We wouldn't be dealing with food safety
like we're talking about in 1993.

1350
01:20:50,763 --> 01:20:52,765
<i>♪ A rising steam... ♪</i>

1351
01:20:54,934 --> 01:20:59,689
Regulators have the ability
to set the tone and to build a framework

1352
01:20:59,689 --> 01:21:02,108
that encourages industry
to do the right thing.

1353
01:21:02,108 --> 01:21:04,319
<i>♪ On the devil's tree ♪</i>

1354
01:21:06,362 --> 01:21:08,156
<i>♪ I clutched a branch... ♪</i>

1355
01:21:08,156 --> 01:21:12,076
If the public makes their voices heard

1356
01:21:13,036 --> 01:21:16,748
and puts pressure on their legislators,

1357
01:21:16,748 --> 01:21:20,710
let them know that this is not acceptable,

1358
01:21:20,710 --> 01:21:26,341
then I believe, yes,
legislators will act on their behalf.

1359
01:21:27,425 --> 01:21:30,261
<i>♪ I walk alone ♪</i>

1360
01:21:30,261 --> 01:21:32,388
<i>♪ Beside myself... ♪</i>

1361
01:21:32,388 --> 01:21:35,934
I think you just have to keep fighting
the battles that are in front of you,

1362
01:21:35,934 --> 01:21:39,270
and I still think
there are things more to do, um,

1363
01:21:39,270 --> 01:21:41,731
so I guess I got to get busy.

1364
01:21:41,731 --> 01:21:45,443
["Flesh and Bone" by Black Math continues]

1365
01:21:54,243 --> 01:21:55,536
<i>♪ Ah ♪</i>

1366
01:21:57,622 --> 01:22:01,084
<i>♪ Ooh-ooh-ooh ♪</i>

1367
01:22:05,546 --> 01:22:09,801
<i>♪ Ah ♪</i>

1368
01:22:09,801 --> 01:22:12,220
<i>♪ I walk alone ♪</i>

1369
01:22:12,971 --> 01:22:15,473
<i>♪ Beside myself ♪</i>

1370
01:22:16,224 --> 01:22:18,601
<i>♪ Nowhere to go ♪</i>

1371
01:22:22,605 --> 01:22:25,149
<i>♪ This bleeding heart ♪</i>

1372
01:22:25,858 --> 01:22:28,945
<i>♪ Is in my hands ♪</i>

1373
01:22:28,945 --> 01:22:32,198
<i>♪ I fell apart ♪</i>

1374
01:22:32,198 --> 01:22:35,493
<i>♪ My flesh and bone ♪</i>

1375
01:22:38,579 --> 01:22:41,749
<i>♪ My flesh and bone ♪</i>

1376
01:22:43,418 --> 01:22:45,211
<i>♪ Ah ♪</i>

1377
01:22:45,211 --> 01:22:48,006
<i>♪ My flesh and bone ♪</i>

1378
01:22:48,006 --> 01:22:51,384
["Flesh and Bone" by Black Math ends]

1379
01:22:53,136 --> 01:22:55,805
{\an8}[sizzling]