1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:03,400 There is scarcely another period in history 4 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:05,800 where freedom and oppression 5 00:01:05,880 --> 00:01:10,800 are as close to each other as in the 1920s and 1930s. 6 00:01:24,080 --> 00:01:27,880 It was a calamity for humankind. 7 00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:30,520 And I was part of that humankind. 8 00:02:30,760 --> 00:02:33,720 The Eldorado heralds a new freedom 9 00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:36,840 where gay men, lesbian women, 10 00:02:36,920 --> 00:02:41,600 trans men and trans women can be free and self-determined for the first time. 11 00:03:15,760 --> 00:03:18,480 In Berlin's nightlife, we see two new faces: 12 00:03:19,120 --> 00:03:23,360 Lisa and Gottfried, newly married, in their early twenties, 13 00:03:23,440 --> 00:03:27,880 like so many who visit the Eldorado they are ready to just drift along, 14 00:03:27,960 --> 00:03:30,960 to discover new things, to discover new loves. 15 00:03:37,120 --> 00:03:40,280 Lisa, full name Lisa von Dobeneck, 16 00:03:40,360 --> 00:03:44,080 and Gottfried von Cramm have known each other since childhood. 17 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:47,240 They grew up in neighboring castles. 18 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:50,680 Lisa was a born Dobeneck. 19 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:54,880 And they lived 15 kilometers from one of our estates. 20 00:03:54,960 --> 00:03:57,560 It was called the "Babylon of Sin" 21 00:03:57,640 --> 00:04:01,360 because it's where the Cramms were free to do anything. 22 00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:08,080 Lisa and Gottfried want the big life. 23 00:04:08,160 --> 00:04:13,320 And of course that eventually stops happening in this rural environment 24 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:15,960 but instead in the magnet of wild Berlin. 25 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:29,280 ABOLISH PARAGRAPH 218 26 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:38,480 THE GIRLFRIEND WOMEN LOVE 27 00:04:39,640 --> 00:04:41,120 THE ISLAND 28 00:04:41,200 --> 00:04:42,760 WOMEN'S LOVE 29 00:04:42,840 --> 00:04:44,360 THE GIRLFRIEND 30 00:04:44,440 --> 00:04:45,840 THE THIRD SEX 31 00:05:00,480 --> 00:05:05,000 This is the first time Lisa and Gottfried discover a world unknown to them. 32 00:05:05,080 --> 00:05:09,800 The Eldorado was synonymous with the fact that something new was beginning here. 33 00:05:54,040 --> 00:05:57,480 …with swastika flags blowing all across the Reich today… 34 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:16,960 Adolf Hitler and Ernst Röhm meet as early as 1919 in the right-wing movement. 35 00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:21,360 They very quickly become friends on a first-name basis 36 00:06:21,440 --> 00:06:23,960 and have a close friendship for years. 37 00:06:24,040 --> 00:06:27,360 … to stand strong for all eternity. 38 00:07:28,640 --> 00:07:31,440 ELDORADO HERE IT IS RIGHT! 39 00:07:55,560 --> 00:07:58,880 Men out of the Reichstag! 40 00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:01,960 And men out of the Landtag 41 00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:05,240 And men out of the manor 42 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:08,320 We'll make it into a women's house 43 00:09:49,760 --> 00:09:52,360 Magnus Hirschfeld also frequents the Eldorado. 44 00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:56,080 He loves observing queer life. 45 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:32,840 TRANSVESTITES: THE EROTIC DRESS-UP IMPULSE 46 00:10:43,600 --> 00:10:46,520 On the queer city map of Berlin, 47 00:10:46,600 --> 00:10:51,160 there is one focal point for progressive thinking: 48 00:10:51,240 --> 00:10:55,040 Magnus Hirschfeld's Institute for Sexual Science. 49 00:11:52,280 --> 00:11:55,120 For Ernst Röhm, Magnus Hirschfeld embodies the enemy. 50 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:57,680 He is Jewish, a social democrat, 51 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:02,240 and he championed the rights of trans men and trans women. 52 00:12:02,320 --> 00:12:07,200 As such, he is the opposite of the masculine ideology 53 00:12:07,280 --> 00:12:09,560 that Ernst Röhm adheres to. 54 00:12:10,600 --> 00:12:14,200 But both have something in common, they are not openly homosexual. 55 00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:19,320 Magnus Hirschfeld knows that he would lose his reputation as a scientist. 56 00:12:19,400 --> 00:12:23,760 And Ernst Röhm knows that he would be expelled from the Nazi Party. 57 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:49,760 "Dear Dr. Heimsoth." 58 00:12:50,360 --> 00:12:51,960 "A handshake first of all." 59 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:56,400 "I can remember a number of same-sex feelings and acts 60 00:12:56,480 --> 00:12:58,280 reaching back to my childhood, 61 00:12:58,360 --> 00:13:01,280 but I have also associated with many women." 62 00:13:01,360 --> 00:13:03,960 "Never, however, to my particular enjoyment." 63 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:22,800 "All women are loathsome to me." 64 00:13:22,880 --> 00:13:25,840 "I am not at all unhappy about my disposition, 65 00:13:25,920 --> 00:13:30,840 even if it has caused me considerable difficulties at times." 66 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:33,480 "Internally, I may even be proud of it." 67 00:13:34,120 --> 00:13:35,720 "At least I believe so." 68 00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:45,520 WITH A COMPANIONABLE HANDSHAKE YOURS, ERNST RÖHM 69 00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:12,840 But there is also another reality. 70 00:14:12,920 --> 00:14:15,360 After all, Germany does not only consist of cities, 71 00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:18,520 but a large part of it is towns, villages. 72 00:14:19,480 --> 00:14:24,440 For those, what is happening in Berlin and other major cities is alien. 73 00:14:24,520 --> 00:14:29,720 The also feel intimidated by this rapid change. 74 00:15:02,560 --> 00:15:05,440 We want to school the Germans 75 00:15:05,520 --> 00:15:09,800 insofar as that there is no life without law 76 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:13,520 and that there is no law without power 77 00:15:13,600 --> 00:15:16,840 and there is no power without strength 78 00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:21,160 and that any strength has to be rooted in our own nation! 79 00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:26,360 He sounded to me like Hitler always sounded when he gave a speech, 80 00:15:26,440 --> 00:15:28,320 like a madman. 81 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:31,560 The yelling and the things he said. 82 00:15:31,640 --> 00:15:34,720 And of course he talked about the Jews, yes. 83 00:15:35,360 --> 00:15:38,840 It was a horrible thing to listen to. 84 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:45,200 I didn't concern myself with it any further. 85 00:15:45,760 --> 00:15:50,280 I was an innocent young man. 86 00:15:53,640 --> 00:15:56,200 I had fallen in love, you see. 87 00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:06,840 We had a villa in Sauerbrunn 88 00:16:06,920 --> 00:16:09,840 where we spent our summers. 89 00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:17,280 And someone else who went there on holiday every year was Lumpi. 90 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:20,960 That's how I met him. 91 00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:24,960 He lived in Budapest and I lived in Vienna. 92 00:16:27,680 --> 00:16:30,520 Lumpi and I became friends. 93 00:16:31,600 --> 00:16:33,680 We did a lot of stuff together. 94 00:16:35,160 --> 00:16:38,440 I loved him. After all, why not? 95 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:46,440 We were both Jewish. 96 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:52,240 But we didn't give it much thought. 97 00:16:59,960 --> 00:17:03,920 We were pretty removed from it all, as you'd put it. 98 00:17:09,720 --> 00:17:13,280 But the trouble was in the air. 99 00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:19,920 Not just in Berlin or in Germany, but everywhere in Europe. 100 00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:25,960 The SA recruited its members 101 00:18:26,040 --> 00:18:31,280 mostly among young men from lower class and lower middle-classes. 102 00:18:31,360 --> 00:18:35,120 Because of its relatively low-threshold admission criteria, 103 00:18:35,200 --> 00:18:38,160 it didn't consist of only radical nationalists, 104 00:18:38,240 --> 00:18:42,520 but also of outsiders, eccentrics and quite a number of criminals. 105 00:19:05,160 --> 00:19:08,120 The storm trooper, Karl Ernst, worked in Berlin, 106 00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:12,960 sometimes as a doorman in gay and lesbian nightclubs, sometimes as a bellhop. 107 00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:08,720 To the movement! 108 00:20:31,800 --> 00:20:35,320 There is one man in the Nazi movement 109 00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:38,800 whose dangerousness Ernst Röhm underestimated for a long time. 110 00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:41,960 That is the Reich Leader of the SS, Heinrich Himmler. 111 00:20:43,880 --> 00:20:48,440 As a young person, Heinrich Himmler was very interested 112 00:20:48,520 --> 00:20:50,800 in this kind of fraternity-based comradeship 113 00:20:50,880 --> 00:20:55,280 But at the same time he always feared the danger inherent in the possibility 114 00:20:55,360 --> 00:20:59,200 of these manly friendships giving rise to erotic attraction. 115 00:21:01,680 --> 00:21:06,440 At this point in time, Himmler was the leader of the SS, the Schutzstaffel. 116 00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:20,160 To distance himself from the SA, which is widely decried as homosexual, 117 00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:25,600 he plans to forge this SS into an elite organization. 118 00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:30,280 For him, that includes that its members should ideally be blond and blue-eyed. 119 00:21:30,360 --> 00:21:33,080 So he invariably seems to consider external criteria 120 00:21:33,160 --> 00:21:35,960 to be an ostensible proof of "good Aryan blood". 121 00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:51,240 Gottfried von Cramm becomes a star during those years. 122 00:21:53,120 --> 00:21:57,400 After two extremely close games, the German champion tears a muscle, 123 00:21:57,480 --> 00:22:01,480 and from then on cannot really resist Perry. 124 00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:05,480 Gottfried started playing tennis at the age of ten, 125 00:22:05,560 --> 00:22:10,120 and at 13 he decided that he would become the best tennis player in the world. 126 00:22:11,920 --> 00:22:13,320 The moment he gets to Berlin, 127 00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:17,520 he immediately joins this very famous tennis club, "Rot-Weiß". 128 00:22:18,120 --> 00:22:22,240 And one of its members is Hermann Göring, 129 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:26,400 the eventual Interior Minister of the Nazi government. 130 00:22:27,760 --> 00:22:31,000 Gottfried is a handsome man, a tall man. 131 00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:33,840 He has blue eyes, blond hair. 132 00:22:34,360 --> 00:22:38,440 He embodies the prototype of an Aryan. 133 00:22:38,520 --> 00:22:43,040 And he gets prompted early on to become a member of the Nazi Party. 134 00:22:44,080 --> 00:22:45,920 We know that Gottfried refuses, 135 00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:50,000 and of course over the years that becomes more and more of a problem. 136 00:23:09,640 --> 00:23:13,040 Of course we don't know any details about how the meeting comes about. 137 00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:17,600 But we do know that Gottfried meets a young man, 138 00:23:17,680 --> 00:23:19,920 of a similarly young age as Gottfried. 139 00:23:22,440 --> 00:23:25,600 This young man is called Manasse, Manasse Herbst. 140 00:23:28,560 --> 00:23:34,440 Gottfried and Manasse certainly come from very different worlds. 141 00:23:34,520 --> 00:23:39,280 Manasse comes from a Jewish family in the poor Scheunenviertel. 142 00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:41,280 He's an actor. 143 00:23:41,360 --> 00:23:45,960 But to make ends meet, he works as a bartender at the Jockey, 144 00:23:46,040 --> 00:23:50,400 a small jazz bar a few blocks from the Eldorado. 145 00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:55,400 Maybe there was a moment of recognition. 146 00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:16,680 There exists a genuine threat for homosexual men: Paragraph 175. 147 00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:24,880 The paragraph criminalizes homosexual relations between men. 148 00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:27,200 But it is tricky in its application 149 00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:33,880 since many courts demand proof of coital acts. 150 00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:37,520 And that isn't exactly an easy task for the police. 151 00:24:54,360 --> 00:24:57,160 A lot of the time you didn't know you were on one of them, 152 00:24:57,240 --> 00:24:59,200 because you never ended up being charged. 153 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:03,280 But we know that the pink lists eventually had thousands of names written on them. 154 00:25:03,360 --> 00:25:06,120 FIRST NAME: JOSEF CRIMINAL CATEGORY: § 175 155 00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:09,360 But Gottfried possesses this inner freedom, 156 00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:11,320 that if he falls in love, 157 00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:12,960 he pursues that love. 158 00:25:18,280 --> 00:25:22,600 After their first meeting, Gottfried and Manasse see each other regularly. 159 00:25:24,920 --> 00:25:27,200 Of course, Lisa knows all about it. 160 00:25:27,840 --> 00:25:32,200 There is no being secretive; instead it is all being lived out in the open. 161 00:25:37,160 --> 00:25:38,360 What are you doing? 162 00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:42,920 Come here! Come on! 163 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:49,080 And the three of them now start a new type of relationship, 164 00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:52,200 which apparently works well, too. 165 00:26:01,960 --> 00:26:06,360 For Lisa, the move to Berlin is also liberating. 166 00:26:06,440 --> 00:26:10,400 She wants to live independently, and experience herself in a new way. 167 00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:12,800 And she very quickly forms friendships 168 00:26:12,880 --> 00:26:17,560 with the modern women that this Berlin has created. 169 00:26:17,640 --> 00:26:21,480 With female authors, with female athletes, with female photographers. 170 00:26:21,560 --> 00:26:25,040 It's important to note, Lisa also does photography herself. 171 00:26:25,120 --> 00:26:28,800 She's an avid jazz dancer, she's an avid equestrian, 172 00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:32,000 she plays hockey and even becomes the German champion. 173 00:26:33,960 --> 00:26:39,000 And this stems from a deeper movement that began even before the 1920s 174 00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:40,360 where you free yourself 175 00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:44,280 from this "being confined by clothes, by houses." 176 00:26:45,440 --> 00:26:48,880 So she has this tough way of speaking and goes her own way. 177 00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:56,320 Relatively quickly, she had affairs, also with lesbian friends. 178 00:26:56,400 --> 00:27:00,640 She was curious, had a sexual thirst for adventure that she lived freely. 179 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:41,240 The relationship between Gottfried and Lisa 180 00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:46,880 is one that is characterized by this almost endless trust in each other, 181 00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:50,560 that whatever one does, it is okay. 182 00:27:59,440 --> 00:28:02,160 ELECTION CAMPAIGN IN GERMANY 183 00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:11,400 Shortly before they seize power, 184 00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:16,280 the Nazis once again significantly increased their street terror. 185 00:28:16,360 --> 00:28:19,880 There were massive street fights with fatal casualties. 186 00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:22,480 The purpose behind all of this 187 00:28:22,560 --> 00:28:27,600 was to attempt to demonstrate the instability of democracy. 188 00:28:29,440 --> 00:28:32,480 And they presented themselves as the part of law and order 189 00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:35,240 that, after winning the election, 190 00:28:35,320 --> 00:28:38,280 would once again restore security, order and peace. 191 00:28:40,680 --> 00:28:43,240 TAKE TO THE STREETS! ADOLF HITLER 192 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:45,120 It is not so much fear 193 00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:49,160 that the people associate with the Nazis 194 00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:53,520 but the hope for a reinvigorated Germany 195 00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:57,440 and the promise of a golden future. 196 00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:07,320 Hello, good evening. 197 00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:57,360 WORKER, EVA KATTER, IS KNOWN TO WEAR MEN'S CLOTHING 198 00:31:57,440 --> 00:32:04,280 INSTITUTE FOR SEXUAL SCIENCE MEDICAL CERTIFICATE 199 00:33:09,120 --> 00:33:12,480 A few years later I went to Budapest 200 00:33:12,560 --> 00:33:15,160 to spend my Easter holidays there 201 00:33:15,240 --> 00:33:18,920 and I stayed with Lumpi, in the Andrássy út, 202 00:33:19,480 --> 00:33:22,440 I don't remember the street number, near the opera. 203 00:33:26,920 --> 00:33:31,120 During that first visit, we were up to so many shenanigans. 204 00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:40,600 They didn't have a real bathroom. 205 00:33:41,320 --> 00:33:44,480 They had this, what we in Vienna called a "lavor". 206 00:33:45,760 --> 00:33:47,800 His mom would fill it with water 207 00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:52,960 and put us both, naked, into this bathtub, see? 208 00:33:56,040 --> 00:34:02,320 And as Lumpi saw me, he got a boner. 209 00:34:03,280 --> 00:34:06,400 As he saw me naked. I did notice it. 210 00:34:07,080 --> 00:34:11,480 But we didn't touch each other sexually. 211 00:34:11,560 --> 00:34:16,320 But I was always very flustered. 212 00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:33,080 In the early 30s, 213 00:34:33,159 --> 00:34:36,719 Hitler tries to come to power through legal means 214 00:34:36,800 --> 00:34:42,000 by using as much propaganda as possible to get people's votes 215 00:34:42,080 --> 00:34:46,040 and to take over parliament in order to then destroy it from within. 216 00:34:54,040 --> 00:34:57,480 SPD DIVISION BERLIN FRIEDRICHSFELDE 217 00:35:23,920 --> 00:35:27,160 CUPID IN THE BROWN HOUSE 218 00:35:27,240 --> 00:35:29,800 RÖHM APPROVES THE SA PARADE 219 00:35:29,880 --> 00:35:34,960 "THAT MAN SAT ALONE AT THE TABLE" "OF COURSE YOU FELT PROVOKED" 220 00:35:36,160 --> 00:35:41,200 PIGSTY AND SWASTIKA 221 00:35:41,280 --> 00:35:44,600 "Revelations about Hitler's chief mercenary." 222 00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:49,200 "Welt am Sonntag is publishing a letter by Lieutenant Colonel Ret. Röhm…" 223 00:35:52,640 --> 00:35:55,880 THE RÖHMIAN WEDDING 224 00:36:24,600 --> 00:36:28,640 A TREMENDOUS VICTORY HAS BEEN ACHIEVED! 225 00:36:31,120 --> 00:36:32,480 Same sex! 226 00:37:46,760 --> 00:37:47,760 Germans, 227 00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:53,080 fellow members of the German Nation. 228 00:37:54,360 --> 00:37:56,480 On January 30th, 229 00:37:57,400 --> 00:38:00,120 the die has been cast in Germany. 230 00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:03,040 And I do not believe 231 00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:09,560 that the enemies who were laughing back then are still laughing today. 232 00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:14,360 Sieg! 233 00:38:14,440 --> 00:38:15,520 Heil! 234 00:38:16,320 --> 00:38:17,760 -Sieg! -Heil! 235 00:38:18,360 --> 00:38:23,400 On January 30th, 1933, Hitler is appointed chancellor. 236 00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:30,920 REICH CHANCELLOR HITLER! 237 00:38:37,600 --> 00:38:41,040 Hitler becomes the Führer of his totalitarian regime. 238 00:39:08,400 --> 00:39:12,920 The Nazi ideology has no use at all anymore 239 00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:15,560 for determining your life individually. 240 00:39:15,640 --> 00:39:19,160 Instead everything is only ever subject to a higher idea. 241 00:39:19,240 --> 00:39:22,080 Every individual in this national community 242 00:39:22,160 --> 00:39:25,760 has to defer to this higher purpose. 243 00:40:00,120 --> 00:40:04,240 Shortly before the Nazis even seize power, the Eldorado is closed down. 244 00:40:05,320 --> 00:40:07,920 No farewells, no send-off. 245 00:40:09,360 --> 00:40:14,880 And the queer community loses one of its most important ports of call. 246 00:40:35,960 --> 00:40:38,920 And then, to go from bad to worse, 247 00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:43,720 the Eldorado is used as advertising space for the Nazis. 248 00:40:44,560 --> 00:40:48,640 ELDORADO HERE IT IS RIGHT! 249 00:40:48,720 --> 00:40:50,640 VOTE FOR HITLER - LIST 1 250 00:41:35,800 --> 00:41:37,040 In 1933, 251 00:41:37,120 --> 00:41:42,640 the life that Gottfried and Manasse had led also changes drastically. 252 00:41:45,280 --> 00:41:48,960 Manasse very quickly loses all his theater engagements 253 00:41:49,040 --> 00:41:52,120 because as a Jew he is no longer allowed to work in the theater. 254 00:41:52,200 --> 00:41:58,280 He realizes very early on that he is no longer safe in Germany. 255 00:42:00,320 --> 00:42:04,760 Everyone is aware that the situation is quickly escalating. 256 00:42:07,640 --> 00:42:10,920 More and more, the relationship is overshadowed by the question, 257 00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:14,040 how can Manasse safely get out of Germany? 258 00:42:16,360 --> 00:42:18,720 But Gottfried wants to play tennis. 259 00:42:20,400 --> 00:42:24,880 And if that means he has to play tennis in Nazi Germany, 260 00:42:24,960 --> 00:42:26,760 then he will play for Germany. 261 00:42:28,400 --> 00:42:29,760 The pressure is mounting. 262 00:42:29,840 --> 00:42:33,480 He has a romantic relationship with a homosexual Jew. 263 00:42:33,560 --> 00:42:37,480 But at the same time his popularity also grows, 264 00:42:37,560 --> 00:42:40,240 both nationally and internationally. 265 00:42:41,200 --> 00:42:44,400 And maybe he's thinking that as long as he keeps winning, 266 00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:47,480 the regime can't touch him. 267 00:42:49,920 --> 00:42:54,320 And with Cramm's decision to play for Germany, there was no other option. 268 00:44:00,560 --> 00:44:04,200 Magnus Hirschfeld meanwhile is on a tour of the world. 269 00:44:09,200 --> 00:44:12,760 While he can't make public appearances in Germany anymore, 270 00:44:12,840 --> 00:44:15,400 he's still being celebrated internationally. 271 00:44:22,800 --> 00:44:27,160 THE PRETTY MAGNUS HIRSCHFELD, BIGGEST TURNIP PIG OF THE 20TH CENTURY 272 00:46:28,280 --> 00:46:32,280 I consign to the flames the writings of Heinrich Mann, 273 00:46:32,360 --> 00:46:35,640 Ernst Glaeser, Erich Kästner. 274 00:46:36,680 --> 00:46:40,640 I consign to the flames the writings of the School of Sigmund Freud… 275 00:49:19,360 --> 00:49:21,280 MY DEAR CHIEF OF STAFF! 276 00:49:57,600 --> 00:49:59,280 At the beginning of 1934, 277 00:49:59,360 --> 00:50:02,240 the SA has reached its highest member count 278 00:50:02,320 --> 00:50:05,280 with approximately 4.5 million members. 279 00:50:07,640 --> 00:50:11,640 It has become something that is increasingly causing Hitler problems. 280 00:50:32,800 --> 00:50:35,400 It seems to Heinrich Himmler that the moment has come 281 00:50:35,480 --> 00:50:40,400 to lead his SS out of the shadow of Ernst Röhm and his SA 282 00:50:40,480 --> 00:50:43,040 and to expand his own position of power. 283 00:52:29,560 --> 00:52:31,120 -Get dressed! -Out! 284 00:52:56,600 --> 00:52:58,800 Two days later Hitler decided 285 00:52:58,880 --> 00:53:02,800 to make Röhm the offer that he should shoot himself. 286 00:53:14,880 --> 00:53:17,280 Only after Röhm refuses to kill himself 287 00:53:17,360 --> 00:53:19,640 is he shot dead by two SS captains. 288 00:53:36,560 --> 00:53:39,360 On June 30th and the following two days, 289 00:53:39,440 --> 00:53:42,640 a total of around 90 people are shot, 290 00:53:42,720 --> 00:53:45,000 around 1,000 people are arrested. 291 00:53:45,080 --> 00:53:49,120 Among them aren't only Ernst Röhm and some of his SA men, 292 00:53:49,200 --> 00:53:52,320 but political opponents and members of parliament. 293 00:53:53,120 --> 00:53:57,320 It is the regime's first state-sanctioned mass murder. 294 00:54:15,000 --> 00:54:17,720 Hitler welcomed the SA murders, 295 00:54:17,800 --> 00:54:21,920 saying that the sexual debauchery inside the SA had recently increased so much 296 00:54:22,000 --> 00:54:25,680 that it supposedly damaged t he reputation of National Socialism. 297 00:54:59,400 --> 00:55:02,600 It was a huge, a huge scandal. 298 00:55:02,680 --> 00:55:05,960 It was on the front page of every newspaper. 299 00:55:06,040 --> 00:55:08,560 I gave the order to shoot 300 00:55:08,640 --> 00:55:13,920 the chief culprits of this treason, 301 00:55:14,000 --> 00:55:20,000 and I gave the order to burn out these ulcers of our internal well poisoning 302 00:55:20,080 --> 00:55:22,080 and the poisoning from foreign countries. 303 00:55:22,160 --> 00:55:24,800 I must have heard it on the radio, 304 00:55:24,880 --> 00:55:29,440 because I have a very clear memory of that moment 305 00:55:29,520 --> 00:55:33,800 that I found out what happened there. 306 00:55:33,880 --> 00:55:36,680 It, it frightened you. 307 00:55:36,760 --> 00:55:42,040 No matter if you were homosexual or not homosexual. 308 00:55:42,120 --> 00:55:45,880 As a human… It could have happened to anyone. 309 00:55:48,880 --> 00:55:52,080 And it showed who Hitler was. 310 00:56:02,000 --> 00:56:05,360 Due to the SS committing the murders of the SA, 311 00:56:05,440 --> 00:56:09,880 Himmler has once again clearly proven his loyalty to Hitler. 312 00:56:10,480 --> 00:56:14,160 And Hitler thanks him by satisfying Himmler's wish 313 00:56:14,240 --> 00:56:16,560 and separating the SS from the SA. 314 00:56:16,640 --> 00:56:19,480 It is now directly under Hitler's command. 315 00:56:21,800 --> 00:56:24,800 Which is what Heinrich Himmler had wanted all along. 316 00:56:26,880 --> 00:56:33,720 This ultimately creates the basis of Himmler's rise and career. 317 00:56:35,760 --> 00:56:37,480 After the Röhm murders, 318 00:56:37,560 --> 00:56:42,480 he bit by bit takes over the leadership of the political police in all German states 319 00:56:42,560 --> 00:56:46,000 until he eventually becomes both chief of the whole of the German police 320 00:56:46,080 --> 00:56:49,400 as well as Reich leader of the SS and Gestapo. 321 00:56:53,560 --> 00:56:57,320 Heinrich Himmler becomes the leader of the fight against homosexuality. 322 00:56:57,400 --> 00:57:00,960 His goal is to eradicate homosexuality. 323 00:57:01,840 --> 00:57:04,480 "Homosexuality tears down any accomplishment 324 00:57:04,560 --> 00:57:07,280 and destroys the state in its very foundation." 325 00:57:07,360 --> 00:57:09,800 "For only the nation that has a great many children 326 00:57:09,880 --> 00:57:13,120 has an entitlement to world power and world domination." 327 00:57:13,680 --> 00:57:16,920 "Homosexuality has to be combated at all costs, 328 00:57:17,000 --> 00:57:21,200 otherwise it will be the end of Germany, the end of the Germanic world." 329 00:57:21,280 --> 00:57:23,840 It is the sword of the revolution 330 00:57:25,520 --> 00:57:28,560 that the only enemy no longer causing damage 331 00:57:29,440 --> 00:57:32,480 is the one who is dead and who is annihilated. 332 00:57:33,240 --> 00:57:36,840 The pink lists previously compiled by the police 333 00:57:36,920 --> 00:57:40,000 now not only fall into the hands of the German police, 334 00:57:40,080 --> 00:57:42,440 but also the hands of the Gestapo. 335 00:57:47,600 --> 00:57:54,400 There is then a wave of persecution and sentencing like never seen before. 336 00:57:57,040 --> 00:58:02,240 …IN RESPECT TO HOMOSEXUALITY… 337 00:58:19,320 --> 00:58:21,440 Many, I think, were also surprised 338 00:58:21,520 --> 00:58:24,400 by how quickly the police stepped in, 339 00:58:24,480 --> 00:58:27,160 how quickly you ended up in court. 340 00:58:27,760 --> 00:58:29,960 They don't yet know how to protect themselves. 341 00:58:30,040 --> 00:58:31,680 They have address books at home 342 00:58:31,760 --> 00:58:36,520 that suddenly turn up as evidence in court. 343 00:58:38,120 --> 00:58:41,400 Denunciations are expressly encouraged. 344 00:58:41,480 --> 00:58:43,880 And the German people deliver. 345 00:58:43,960 --> 00:58:47,120 Neighbors monitor if you get a visitor 346 00:58:47,200 --> 00:58:50,200 and pull the bedroom curtains closed. 347 00:58:50,880 --> 00:58:56,960 Neighbors make statements on women wearing pants and looking lesbian. 348 00:58:57,840 --> 00:59:02,400 So the police are called upon to remove these individuals 349 00:59:02,480 --> 00:59:06,440 that one no longer wants to tolerate within Nazi Germany. 350 00:59:13,320 --> 00:59:17,400 Thus you see between 1933 and 1936, 351 00:59:17,480 --> 00:59:22,800 Manasse tries again and again to find a place where he can keep living, 352 00:59:22,880 --> 00:59:24,600 a place outside Germany. 353 00:59:24,680 --> 00:59:27,520 And they try to meet up, whether it be in Berlin 354 00:59:27,600 --> 00:59:30,960 or in cities where Gottfried plays tennis, 355 00:59:31,040 --> 00:59:34,000 in order to be able to keep seeing each other. 356 00:59:34,080 --> 00:59:38,040 It must have been very, very exhausting and also very oppressive. 357 00:59:38,120 --> 00:59:40,040 They are young lovers after all. 358 00:59:41,160 --> 00:59:45,920 And that easiness suddenly changes to this intense, 359 00:59:46,000 --> 00:59:49,080 "How can I get out of here? How can I get to safety?" 360 00:59:58,240 --> 01:00:00,440 And there is one last meeting. 361 01:00:00,520 --> 01:00:05,720 And for many years, that is the last night they can spend with each other. 362 01:00:08,640 --> 01:00:13,360 Gottfried transfers prize money he won in various tournaments to Manasse, 363 01:00:13,440 --> 01:00:19,680 so that in early 1936 Manasse is able to emigrate to Palestine and be safe. 364 01:00:26,200 --> 01:00:31,040 He also loses Lisa that same year because Lisa files for divorce. 365 01:00:31,760 --> 01:00:38,400 We know from her later letters that she often regretted this step, 366 01:00:38,480 --> 01:00:40,400 but is also convinced 367 01:00:40,480 --> 01:00:41,960 that she couldn't exist 368 01:00:42,040 --> 01:00:46,560 alongside this huge love that Gottfried has for tennis. 369 01:00:48,520 --> 01:00:52,640 She says that if she had continued to live this life with him, 370 01:00:53,440 --> 01:00:56,400 she would have had to give up everything important to her. 371 01:00:56,480 --> 01:00:59,160 Because there was barely room for her anymore. 372 01:01:07,960 --> 01:01:13,480 One of the biggest tennis matches in Gottfried von Cramm's career 373 01:01:13,560 --> 01:01:16,880 is the 1937 Davis Cup at Wimbledon 374 01:01:16,960 --> 01:01:20,440 against his American opponent, Donald Budge. 375 01:01:22,480 --> 01:01:27,000 At this time, Gottfried is one of the most popular athletes in the world. 376 01:01:27,080 --> 01:01:31,320 The Nazi regime expects their tennis player, 377 01:01:31,400 --> 01:01:33,120 the German player, to win. 378 01:01:34,680 --> 01:01:39,800 There are 15,000 spectators, Queen Mary herself 379 01:01:39,880 --> 01:01:43,080 and part of the global public watching. 380 01:01:43,160 --> 01:01:45,360 There had never been anything quite like it. 381 01:01:45,440 --> 01:01:47,880 And to this day, 382 01:01:47,960 --> 01:01:52,400 this match is remembered as one of the greatest games of tennis of all time. 383 01:01:53,840 --> 01:01:56,200 There is an anecdote by Donald Budge 384 01:01:56,280 --> 01:02:01,520 that Gottfried had a call shortly before the match, 385 01:02:01,600 --> 01:02:03,080 supposedly from Hitler, 386 01:02:03,160 --> 01:02:06,600 threatening him that if he did not win this game, 387 01:02:08,200 --> 01:02:10,200 they could no longer protect him. 388 01:02:39,920 --> 01:02:44,120 A match unfolds where it looks for the most part 389 01:02:44,200 --> 01:02:46,400 as if Gottfried would be the winner. 390 01:03:12,920 --> 01:03:14,920 At the very end, in the fifth set, 391 01:03:15,000 --> 01:03:17,920 he ends up losing eight to six 392 01:03:18,960 --> 01:03:23,440 and does what he has also become famous for, 393 01:03:23,520 --> 01:03:25,800 he honors the victor. 394 01:03:45,920 --> 01:03:48,440 That delighted the audience. 395 01:03:48,520 --> 01:03:51,800 And everyone understood that this tennis player, 396 01:03:51,880 --> 01:03:56,160 while he might play for Nazi Germany, is not identical with Nazi Germany. 397 01:04:00,960 --> 01:04:03,640 Which then poses the question: 398 01:04:04,800 --> 01:04:06,880 does that still serve the regime? 399 01:04:11,480 --> 01:04:14,920 After the defeat, Gottfried goes on a tour of the world 400 01:04:15,000 --> 01:04:18,520 where he rushes from one tennis tournament to the next. 401 01:04:18,600 --> 01:04:20,560 At a press conference, 402 01:04:20,640 --> 01:04:25,760 he is asked what he thinks about the persecution of Jews in Germany. 403 01:04:25,840 --> 01:04:28,800 And he clearly states that he does not agree with it. 404 01:04:28,880 --> 01:04:33,560 So he makes no bones about his distaste for National Socialism, 405 01:04:33,640 --> 01:04:37,120 which means he puts himself in more and more danger. 406 01:04:45,680 --> 01:04:48,400 ONE PEOPLE, ONE REICH, ONE FÜHRER! 407 01:04:48,480 --> 01:04:54,200 FREE GERMAN AUSTRIA GREETS YOU! 408 01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:01,280 ONE PEOPLE, ONE REICH, ONE FÜHRER! 409 01:05:07,600 --> 01:05:10,960 The Austrians became Nazis overnight. 410 01:05:19,440 --> 01:05:24,920 He had 400,000 people at Heldenplatz 411 01:05:25,000 --> 01:05:26,760 cheering for him. 412 01:05:27,800 --> 01:05:32,120 As Führer and Chancellor of the German Nations of the Reich, 413 01:05:32,880 --> 01:05:35,560 I now declare before German history, 414 01:05:35,640 --> 01:05:40,080 the accession of my homeland to the German Reich! 415 01:05:41,040 --> 01:05:43,800 Heil! Heil! 416 01:05:55,760 --> 01:05:59,080 JEWRY IS GANGSTERISM 417 01:05:59,160 --> 01:06:01,280 When you went out into the street, 418 01:06:01,360 --> 01:06:05,240 the whole city was full of these posters: "Jews banned." 419 01:06:05,320 --> 01:06:07,480 There were posters everywhere you looked. 420 01:06:07,560 --> 01:06:10,240 NON-ARYAN SHOP HERZMANSKYARYAN AGAIN 421 01:06:10,840 --> 01:06:13,640 But I still went out into the street. 422 01:06:16,040 --> 01:06:18,400 I really was just wandering the city. 423 01:06:20,320 --> 01:06:23,120 Suddenly I see a crowd of people. 424 01:06:23,200 --> 01:06:26,000 And there's my Aunt Gretel on her knees, 425 01:06:26,080 --> 01:06:30,960 made to clean the pavement with a toothbrush. 426 01:06:32,760 --> 01:06:37,000 JEW 427 01:06:45,680 --> 01:06:51,560 The day after Hitler came here, this letter comes in a blue envelope. 428 01:06:54,280 --> 01:06:55,520 "Dear Walter, 429 01:06:57,560 --> 01:07:01,640 Since you visited me, everything has become so dreadful in Budapest." 430 01:07:01,720 --> 01:07:03,840 "You wouldn't recognize it anymore." 431 01:07:04,720 --> 01:07:07,360 "I also hear dreadful things out of Vienna." 432 01:07:07,440 --> 01:07:10,200 "How are you? Are you safe?" 433 01:07:11,520 --> 01:07:15,720 "My parents have to give up the business, even though we converted." 434 01:07:16,320 --> 01:07:18,840 "They're trying to get us out of the country." 435 01:07:18,920 --> 01:07:21,840 "But we have no family or close friends." 436 01:07:21,920 --> 01:07:22,960 "Except you." 437 01:07:24,000 --> 01:07:27,560 "The Nazis are ever-present everywhere and I am very scared." 438 01:07:29,640 --> 01:07:31,640 "Can you help us somehow?" 439 01:07:32,840 --> 01:07:34,080 "What will you do?" 440 01:07:35,480 --> 01:07:36,840 "If you go, 441 01:07:36,920 --> 01:07:39,720 please take me with you and write to me quickly." 442 01:07:39,800 --> 01:07:40,760 "Your Lumpi." 443 01:07:44,560 --> 01:07:47,120 It was a desperate letter. 444 01:07:47,200 --> 01:07:50,920 But I didn't answer the letter because I… 445 01:07:51,000 --> 01:07:53,400 At the time the letter arrived, 446 01:07:53,480 --> 01:07:59,560 we were already in a very, very precarious situation in Vienna. 447 01:08:01,720 --> 01:08:03,920 And then, that night, 448 01:08:04,000 --> 01:08:08,280 they came into our apartment at two in the morning 449 01:08:08,360 --> 01:08:10,480 and took my father 450 01:08:12,120 --> 01:08:13,840 and sent him to Dachau. 451 01:08:14,920 --> 01:08:18,760 It was terrible. How could I have helped him? 452 01:08:21,279 --> 01:08:22,319 Yes… 453 01:08:23,120 --> 01:08:26,000 That was the end of Lumpi for me. 454 01:08:52,640 --> 01:08:58,640 Blessed are You, Lord our God, Ruler of the universe, 455 01:09:00,080 --> 01:09:02,920 who has sanctified us with His good deeds, 456 01:09:04,120 --> 01:09:07,479 and commanded us to light a candle for the Sabbath. 457 01:09:17,800 --> 01:09:22,040 During the nights of the 9th and 10th of November, 1938, 458 01:09:22,120 --> 01:09:26,040 the Pogrom takes place in the entire Reich. 459 01:09:30,600 --> 01:09:32,760 It was long called the Night of Broken Glass, 460 01:09:32,840 --> 01:09:35,319 downplaying its severity. 461 01:09:35,399 --> 01:09:38,399 During those nights, synagogues burn all over Germany. 462 01:09:38,479 --> 01:09:41,399 Jewish stores as well as homes 463 01:09:41,479 --> 01:09:46,319 are looted, robbed and destroyed. 464 01:09:46,399 --> 01:09:51,120 Many, many Jews are arrested, and sent to concentration camps. 465 01:10:15,520 --> 01:10:17,240 It's a cold March 466 01:10:17,320 --> 01:10:21,560 when Gottfried returns from his six-month world tour. 467 01:10:21,640 --> 01:10:24,160 And on the first evening back, 468 01:10:24,240 --> 01:10:28,200 he sits down with his mother and his brothers for supper. 469 01:10:29,400 --> 01:10:33,960 There was a dinner in Brüggen, where everyone came together. 470 01:10:35,000 --> 01:10:39,200 And then suddenly, like knock, knock, knock on heaven's door. 471 01:10:39,800 --> 01:10:42,640 Grandma went out and returned all pale, saying, 472 01:10:42,720 --> 01:10:45,280 "Gottfried, they're asking for you." 473 01:10:45,880 --> 01:10:49,800 It was two Gestapo officers, they immediately took him with them. 474 01:10:49,880 --> 01:10:51,440 And so he was in prison. 475 01:10:52,040 --> 01:10:56,160 The arrest was really theatrically staged. 476 01:10:56,240 --> 01:11:00,080 They could just have written a letter telling him to come to the police station. 477 01:11:00,160 --> 01:11:04,760 But I think the Nazi regime pretty deliberately chose 478 01:11:04,840 --> 01:11:06,480 to do this very publicly. 479 01:11:18,920 --> 01:11:20,680 On May 14th, 1938, 480 01:11:20,760 --> 01:11:26,720 Gottfried is sentenced to one year in prison for violation of Paragraph 175. 481 01:11:27,560 --> 01:11:31,160 The basis for that is his five-year relationship with Manasse Herbst. 482 01:11:31,240 --> 01:11:33,400 "We had to consider the aggravating factor 483 01:11:33,480 --> 01:11:37,800 that the accused engaged in homosexual activity 484 01:11:37,880 --> 01:11:39,880 so quickly after his wedding." 485 01:11:39,960 --> 01:11:42,960 "But most egregious was that the accused, 486 01:11:43,040 --> 01:11:45,280 with his standing in German sports 487 01:11:45,880 --> 01:11:48,480 with his world-renowned name and his overall position, 488 01:11:48,560 --> 01:11:50,920 didn't shy away from engaging 489 01:11:51,000 --> 01:11:55,160 in homosexual intercourse with a Galician Jew." 490 01:12:01,160 --> 01:12:07,880 It's lucky that Manasse had already left Germany at that time. 491 01:12:07,960 --> 01:12:10,040 Or he would not have survived that. 492 01:12:37,840 --> 01:12:40,480 From the beginning, 493 01:12:40,560 --> 01:12:45,640 concentration camps were an instrument of Nazi terror. 494 01:12:45,720 --> 01:12:48,000 Prisoners marked as homosexual 495 01:12:48,080 --> 01:12:50,800 faced particular cruelty 496 01:12:50,880 --> 01:12:54,200 and rarely experienced solidarity from other prisoner groups. 497 01:12:54,280 --> 01:12:56,480 BADGES FOR PRISONERS IN CONCENTRATION CAMPS 498 01:12:56,560 --> 01:12:59,480 Homosexuals have to wear a pink triangle. 499 01:12:59,560 --> 01:13:02,120 EMIGRANTS, BIBLE SCHOLARS, HOMOSEXUALS 500 01:13:02,200 --> 01:13:06,720 They are forced to do hard labor under the harshest, most terrible conditions. 501 01:13:06,800 --> 01:13:09,080 The rations are disastrous, 502 01:13:09,160 --> 01:13:10,840 so that many, many of the prisoners 503 01:13:10,920 --> 01:13:14,120 die from the unspeakable conditions of imprisonment. 504 01:13:14,200 --> 01:13:18,120 Some of them are abused in medical trials, 505 01:13:18,200 --> 01:13:20,800 not all of them survive. 506 01:13:21,680 --> 01:13:25,320 There's also the option to get castrated 507 01:13:25,400 --> 01:13:27,560 with the offer or the promise 508 01:13:27,640 --> 01:13:30,560 that you get to leave the concentration camp afterwards. 509 01:13:30,640 --> 01:13:33,480 However, we know from various documents 510 01:13:33,560 --> 01:13:36,480 that a lot of them were not released despite that. 511 01:13:55,800 --> 01:14:00,440 Many prisoners who were accused of homosexuality, 512 01:14:00,520 --> 01:14:03,000 often based on denunciations, 513 01:14:03,080 --> 01:14:05,680 don't survive imprisonment in the camps. 514 01:14:06,320 --> 01:14:11,920 Their prosecution reaches its peak between 1937 and 1939, 515 01:14:12,800 --> 01:14:17,000 immediately before Hitler starts his war against Europe. 516 01:14:39,280 --> 01:14:43,200 In 1941, Hitler puts Heinrich Himmler in charge 517 01:14:43,280 --> 01:14:47,320 of the so-called "final solution of the Jewish question." 518 01:14:47,400 --> 01:14:50,320 That means Heinrich Himmler is tasked 519 01:14:50,920 --> 01:14:55,000 with the order to exterminate German and European Jews. 520 01:16:50,320 --> 01:16:53,560 I searched for Lumpi all my life. 521 01:16:55,240 --> 01:16:58,560 I wanted to know where he was, what had happened to him. 522 01:17:22,720 --> 01:17:26,560 Only now have I seen this pictures. 523 01:17:26,640 --> 01:17:29,920 And only now has it all come out. 524 01:17:36,280 --> 01:17:39,200 He was in a labor camp and starved to death. 525 01:17:42,200 --> 01:17:47,720 It was terrible to me that he died like that. 526 01:17:48,320 --> 01:17:52,280 Not only… The only thing you can say is that he didn't deserve that. 527 01:17:55,080 --> 01:18:00,560 MARTYRS OF WAR 528 01:18:00,640 --> 01:18:01,920 Terrible. 529 01:18:02,000 --> 01:18:03,200 And what do I see? 530 01:18:03,840 --> 01:18:10,400 This, this large stone, the photograph of this large stone that says, 531 01:18:10,480 --> 01:18:15,280 "Fülöp Loránt", 24 years old or maybe 25. 532 01:18:15,360 --> 01:18:21,360 FÜLÖP LÓRÁNT 25 YEARS 533 01:18:33,040 --> 01:18:36,520 In Vienna you say that there's a lot to verkiefeln. 534 01:18:36,600 --> 01:18:42,440 It's something you can never accept if you can't verkiefeln something. 535 01:18:44,040 --> 01:18:44,920 Yeah. 536 01:18:49,240 --> 01:18:54,080 I'm glad that if Lumpi is remembered by history, 537 01:18:54,160 --> 01:18:57,400 I did my very small part in that. 538 01:19:08,040 --> 01:19:11,520 Not knowing what happened to a loved one 539 01:19:11,600 --> 01:19:15,680 is unfortunately very common for many Jewish victims. 540 01:19:16,200 --> 01:19:19,640 For many of them we learn only much later or sometimes never at all 541 01:19:19,720 --> 01:19:22,080 where they were murdered. 542 01:19:35,160 --> 01:19:40,000 Homosexual survivors want to, but can't share their stories. 543 01:19:40,520 --> 01:19:42,080 It's too dangerous. 544 01:19:42,960 --> 01:19:44,680 After 1945, 545 01:19:44,760 --> 01:19:47,520 the state-sponsored persecution of homosexuals 546 01:19:47,600 --> 01:19:49,640 is not recognized as an injustice. 547 01:19:50,720 --> 01:19:55,280 West Germany adopts the Nazi Paragraph 175. 548 01:19:55,840 --> 01:19:59,280 Society considers homosexuals to be criminals and perverts. 549 01:19:59,960 --> 01:20:03,760 Families remain silent, historians don't ask questions. 550 01:20:04,640 --> 01:20:06,640 The persecution continues. 551 01:20:11,440 --> 01:20:14,600 CRIMINAL CASE AGAINST GOTTFRIED VON CRAMM 552 01:20:14,680 --> 01:20:19,680 In 1951, Gottfried tries, incidentally like many other homosexuals as well, 553 01:20:19,760 --> 01:20:22,480 to have the conviction according to Paragraph 175 554 01:20:22,560 --> 01:20:24,920 deleted from his record. 555 01:20:25,840 --> 01:20:27,320 Without an expungement, 556 01:20:27,400 --> 01:20:29,680 he can't receive a visa to be able 557 01:20:29,760 --> 01:20:33,960 to participate in tennis tournaments in the US, Great Britain or France. 558 01:20:35,920 --> 01:20:37,720 There is a trial 559 01:20:38,840 --> 01:20:42,440 for which Manasse Herbst also returns to Germany 560 01:20:42,520 --> 01:20:44,480 for the first time in 1951. 561 01:20:48,240 --> 01:20:52,440 That means he returns to the country that had wanted to kill him. 562 01:20:52,520 --> 01:20:56,560 And it is the first reunion between Gottfried and Manasse. 563 01:21:05,000 --> 01:21:06,960 Lisa is also questioned. 564 01:21:07,040 --> 01:21:10,480 She confirms the relationship between Manasse and Gottfried. 565 01:21:10,560 --> 01:21:13,400 For one moment, they fearlessly rebuild 566 01:21:13,480 --> 01:21:17,600 on the freedom that they lived in the late 20s. 567 01:21:18,400 --> 01:21:23,600 And all that in the extremely conservative 50s in a German court. 568 01:21:23,680 --> 01:21:25,320 DECLINED AN EARLY EXPUNGEMENT 569 01:21:25,400 --> 01:21:27,640 Like for other convicted homosexuals, 570 01:21:27,720 --> 01:21:31,080 Gottfried's expungement is denied. 571 01:21:31,160 --> 01:21:34,800 He can't get a visa for the most important tennis tournaments. 572 01:21:36,200 --> 01:21:39,880 He does win other tournaments in countries where he's admitted, 573 01:21:39,960 --> 01:21:43,720 but the really important ones he can't play in, 574 01:21:43,800 --> 01:21:49,240 exactly because he has a previous criminal conviction under Nazi Paragraph 175. 575 01:22:01,800 --> 01:22:05,160 I emigrated to the US 576 01:22:05,240 --> 01:22:10,160 and have lived here since 1939, happily. 577 01:22:11,400 --> 01:22:15,640 I became a composer and have spent my whole life composing. 578 01:25:34,560 --> 01:25:38,240 ELDORADO HERE IT IS RIGHT! 579 01:25:38,320 --> 01:25:39,680 PANTRY AT THE ELDORADO 580 01:25:55,440 --> 01:25:58,480 I think the queer life in Berlin 581 01:25:58,560 --> 01:26:01,560 had to completely reinvent itself. 582 01:26:01,640 --> 01:26:04,000 And that has worked out pretty well 583 01:26:04,520 --> 01:26:08,520 when you look at how queer life in Berlin is really thriving 584 01:26:08,600 --> 01:26:12,040 and how multifaceted and diverse it has become. 585 01:26:13,200 --> 01:26:15,480 But drawing on something? 586 01:26:15,560 --> 01:26:17,480 I don't think we could draw on anything. 587 01:26:17,560 --> 01:26:20,520 For a long time, 588 01:26:20,600 --> 01:26:24,320 we didn't even know anything about the persecution of homosexuals. 589 01:26:24,400 --> 01:26:27,400 And in that sense, today's queer Berlin… 590 01:26:28,120 --> 01:26:30,760 certainly isn't a… 591 01:26:32,720 --> 01:26:37,120 a continuation in any shape or form of the 1920s. 592 01:26:39,000 --> 01:26:40,560 That really was lost. 593 01:26:42,000 --> 01:26:45,120 No names. No memory. Nothing.