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[wind whistling]
2
00:00:51,333 --> 00:00:54,083
[Volkmar]
That morning, the sea was rather rough.
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00:01:00,291 --> 00:01:04,916
This British convoy
was detected in the mid-Atlantic…
4
00:01:08,125 --> 00:01:09,833
like a pin in a haystack.
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00:01:13,791 --> 00:01:17,291
We followed the convoy all day long.
6
00:01:31,541 --> 00:01:36,125
And then when night came, we dived.
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00:01:50,583 --> 00:01:52,166
They were so close,
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00:01:52,250 --> 00:01:56,625
we could hear the swish of the ships'
propellors running right overhead.
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00:02:01,916 --> 00:02:03,125
This was it.
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00:02:23,541 --> 00:02:25,750
When the torpedo hits, it gives a bang.
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[explosion]
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That's what we
have been waiting for, for days.
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[explosion]
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It was a wonderful sight.
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This was a perfect job.
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[narrator] It's 1941.
17
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The war is intensifying.
18
00:03:21,208 --> 00:03:23,083
And Hitler is winning.
19
00:03:26,458 --> 00:03:28,458
His air force is attacking Britain.
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00:03:28,541 --> 00:03:31,166
And London is burning.
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00:03:32,625 --> 00:03:35,666
[newscaster] German raiders
last night made a two-hour attack.
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Thousands of firebombs
were showered down in London.
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00:03:38,291 --> 00:03:41,833
[Winston Churchill]
Hitler is a monster of wickedness,
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00:03:41,916 --> 00:03:45,666
insatiable in his lust for blood.
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[narrator]
British Prime Minister Churchill
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00:03:47,666 --> 00:03:49,791
is begging America to intervene,
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but so far without success.
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[Franklin Roosevelt] Your boys
are not going into any foreign war.
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[crowd applauding]
30
00:04:03,208 --> 00:04:09,583
Together, Germany, Italy and Japan,
the Axis powers, seem unstoppable.
31
00:04:12,625 --> 00:04:17,166
And now, Hitler moves
three million troops to the Soviet border,
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00:04:17,250 --> 00:04:21,333
as he starts the next phase
of his plan to conquer the world.
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[Heinz in German] I was a messenger.
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00:05:15,125 --> 00:05:20,750
We were summoned
and each given a sealed folder.
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I took mine to my lieutenant.
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He opened it.
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"This order
is to be destroyed immediately."
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He took a lighter and burned it.
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00:05:48,333 --> 00:05:52,333
It was an order to attack
the next morning.
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[narrator] These are orders
to attack the Soviet Union.
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00:06:01,333 --> 00:06:03,708
Codenamed "Operation Barbarossa,"
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it will be
the biggest invasion in human history.
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Hitler tells his generals
he wants a war against the people.
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A war of annihilation.
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[Wolfgang] The strength of our army,
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the power being unleashed,
it was quite something.
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Quite a spectacle.
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00:07:03,125 --> 00:07:04,458
So we were confident.
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00:07:06,166 --> 00:07:07,375
[soldier in German] Fire!
50
00:07:15,916 --> 00:07:18,166
[newscaster] News has
suddenly burst from Europe
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00:07:18,250 --> 00:07:21,166
that Germany has declared war on Russia.
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00:07:26,708 --> 00:07:29,458
[newscaster 2] Adolf Hitler's
Blitzkrieg forces have been unleashed
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00:07:29,541 --> 00:07:32,041
against the Soviet Union
on a 2,000-mile front.
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[Gabbas in Russian] We woke up
thinking it was a thunderstorm.
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00:08:02,375 --> 00:08:03,708
We went outside.
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00:08:03,791 --> 00:08:07,166
"Guys, that's not a thunderstorm,
that's war."
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[commentator] This German invasion
of Soviet Russia is the ultimate proof
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00:08:52,416 --> 00:08:56,208
that Hitler has planned the domination
of every country in the world.
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[cheering]
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00:09:10,958 --> 00:09:14,500
[narrator] Such is the hatred
for Stalin's dictatorship,
61
00:09:14,583 --> 00:09:17,583
that in some areas
the Germans are even welcomed.
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00:09:22,833 --> 00:09:27,458
[Albert in German] Stalin, for them,
was synonymous with atrocities.
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00:09:28,666 --> 00:09:34,291
Stalin let a lot of people
starve to death or had them shot.
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00:09:38,375 --> 00:09:42,166
[Bernhard in German] For us they weren't
on the same level to German people.
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It was war.
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We had orders to destroy them.
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[narrator] Hitler's forces are now
rapidly spreading across the globe.
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00:10:00,291 --> 00:10:03,125
They've reached Norway
and the Arctic Circle.
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00:10:06,291 --> 00:10:08,291
They're heading towards the Middle East.
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And now he's sending
his favorite general, Rommel,
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00:10:13,125 --> 00:10:14,958
to conquer North Africa.
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00:10:20,708 --> 00:10:22,708
[wind whistling]
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00:10:38,375 --> 00:10:41,208
[Winrich in German] It was so exciting.
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We were the first
German troops to go to Africa.
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00:10:52,750 --> 00:10:57,250
We were entering the unknown.
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00:11:11,666 --> 00:11:14,875
There, right on the quay…
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…gesturing us to hurry up,
was General Rommel himself.
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00:11:25,541 --> 00:11:28,000
[narrator] Rommel's on a mission
to drive out the British
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00:11:28,083 --> 00:11:29,958
from Libya and Egypt.
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00:11:33,041 --> 00:11:35,250
For the North Africans
caught in the middle,
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00:11:35,333 --> 00:11:37,666
there's not much love
for the British Empire.
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00:11:46,041 --> 00:11:51,333
[El Latif in Arabic] World War II,
it had nothing to do with us.
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00:12:03,041 --> 00:12:07,041
The British behaved
as if they owned the country.
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00:12:18,750 --> 00:12:20,125
We hated them.
85
00:12:31,416 --> 00:12:35,666
We liked the Germans,
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00:12:35,750 --> 00:12:38,875
although we didn't know much about them.
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[explosions]
88
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[in German] Fire!
89
00:12:55,708 --> 00:12:58,250
[narrator] Rommel's Afrika Korps
makes stunning gains.
90
00:13:07,833 --> 00:13:10,083
Forcing the British out of Libya.
91
00:13:17,541 --> 00:13:19,958
[Winrich] Rommel told us
to create huge dust clouds,
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00:13:20,041 --> 00:13:23,166
which we did by attaching
brooms to our vehicles.
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00:13:28,208 --> 00:13:32,083
That effectively made it look like
94
00:13:32,166 --> 00:13:36,166
three full armies were approaching.
95
00:13:58,625 --> 00:14:02,583
The German army is so confident,
they act like they're on vacation.
96
00:14:06,875 --> 00:14:08,416
[Winrich] We had such superiority.
97
00:14:09,666 --> 00:14:14,958
We could safely do whatever
we wanted, go wherever we wanted.
98
00:14:22,833 --> 00:14:26,958
It was so easy for us.
99
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:44,250
[newscaster] New, severe fighting
in Libya was reported
100
00:14:44,333 --> 00:14:46,125
by the German High Command today.
101
00:14:50,666 --> 00:14:54,375
[narrator] Meanwhile, the German army
has been storming through Eastern Europe.
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[newscaster] Nazis smashing
towards the Russian capital
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00:15:00,500 --> 00:15:03,083
have succeeded
in breaking through another point.
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00:15:06,458 --> 00:15:09,291
[newscaster 2] The news
from Russia continues to be grave.
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00:15:10,458 --> 00:15:12,500
The position around Kiev is critical.
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00:15:15,250 --> 00:15:19,125
[Adolf Hitler] We are
1,000 kilometers beyond the border.
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00:15:19,208 --> 00:15:21,583
We are facing Leningrad.
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00:15:21,666 --> 00:15:24,166
We are standing on the Black Sea.
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00:15:24,250 --> 00:15:25,583
[crowd cheering]
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00:15:28,958 --> 00:15:32,541
[narrator] Hitler's forces are now
just 200 miles from Moscow.
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00:15:35,708 --> 00:15:38,708
And Hitler is already
planning a victory parade.
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The Red Army is retreating.
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00:15:50,416 --> 00:15:52,458
A million have been captured.
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The Nazis feed them like animals.
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00:16:38,083 --> 00:16:39,708
[Wolfgang] What happened was ruthless.
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But they were on a lower level to us.
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You see, one divided Europe
into three areas: Europe A, B and C.
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So, Russia was Europe C,
the lowest standard.
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They are not civilized.
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Subhuman.
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00:17:05,083 --> 00:17:06,625
That was our feeling.
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00:17:18,666 --> 00:17:21,333
[narrator] The Germans
are not just here to fight a war.
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00:17:23,666 --> 00:17:29,458
Hitler wants them to attack civilians too
and raze villages to the ground.
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00:17:31,833 --> 00:17:35,625
[Wolfgang] We had to burn people's houses,
one house after the other.
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00:17:37,208 --> 00:17:40,208
So, I gave the order: "Pour out gas
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and spread some straw and set them afire."
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[cattle lowing]
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00:19:14,500 --> 00:19:17,375
[narrator] As the war in Europe
descends into barbarism,
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00:19:18,541 --> 00:19:20,333
Churchill crosses the Atlantic
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00:19:20,416 --> 00:19:23,625
with a desperate plea
to America to intervene.
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00:19:26,125 --> 00:19:29,125
He and President Roosevelt
hold a secret meeting.
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00:19:30,125 --> 00:19:35,666
They talk for four days,
but Roosevelt explains his hands are tied.
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00:19:36,833 --> 00:19:39,875
Let Europe fight her own battle.
They mean nothing to us.
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00:19:39,958 --> 00:19:43,500
I haven't the slightest idea
of European affairs.
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00:19:43,583 --> 00:19:44,666
War? Not for me.
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00:19:44,750 --> 00:19:47,666
This time, America
should keep out, and I know I will.
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[narrator] The American public
is divided over the war.
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00:19:52,458 --> 00:19:54,500
But the president can give military aid.
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00:19:55,708 --> 00:19:59,041
He sends food and equipment
across the ocean to Europe.
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00:20:02,458 --> 00:20:06,500
The job of protecting the convoys
falls to the British Royal Navy,
141
00:20:06,583 --> 00:20:09,833
who are patrolling the Atlantic
and the Mediterranean Sea.
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00:20:22,250 --> 00:20:26,125
[David] My ship, HMS Barham,
was like a floating city.
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00:20:28,375 --> 00:20:31,625
In battles, we feared nobody.
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00:20:31,708 --> 00:20:33,875
[plane engine humming]
145
00:20:39,458 --> 00:20:42,416
We were the greatest navy in the world.
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00:20:42,500 --> 00:20:44,791
Britannia ruled the waves.
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00:21:20,041 --> 00:21:22,250
[narrator] David Holmes
is part of a task force
148
00:21:22,333 --> 00:21:24,458
hunting down an enemy fleet,
149
00:21:25,458 --> 00:21:29,291
but what the British don't know
is that they are also being hunted.
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00:22:22,708 --> 00:22:24,791
[David] The first torpedo struck
and I thought,
151
00:22:24,875 --> 00:22:26,500
"Don't need to worry about it."
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00:22:27,333 --> 00:22:28,708
The second one hit.
153
00:22:28,791 --> 00:22:31,083
-[explosion]
-[shouting]
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00:22:31,166 --> 00:22:32,750
And then the third and the fourth.
155
00:22:34,750 --> 00:22:37,333
Then I really knew we were in trouble.
156
00:22:42,250 --> 00:22:44,666
The ship went over at such a speed.
157
00:22:49,125 --> 00:22:52,083
I had to stand on the hull of the ship.
158
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[hull creaking]
159
00:23:19,875 --> 00:23:22,166
I went up, how high, I don't know.
160
00:23:26,375 --> 00:23:29,500
I was checking all my limbs,
to see if I've got all my limbs.
161
00:23:36,666 --> 00:23:41,541
You think to yourself, "If they
can sink that ship as easy as that,
162
00:23:41,625 --> 00:23:43,291
what chance have we got?"
163
00:23:57,291 --> 00:23:59,541
[narrator] October 1941.
164
00:24:01,500 --> 00:24:04,750
On the Eastern Front,
winter is closing in.
165
00:24:34,416 --> 00:24:37,750
The advance of Hitler's army
finally begins to slow.
166
00:24:48,166 --> 00:24:50,416
Their supply trucks can't get through.
167
00:25:02,250 --> 00:25:05,916
Wolfgang Horn witnesses
what his commander does next.
168
00:25:09,541 --> 00:25:12,250
[Wolfgang] He ordered
the shooting of Russian prisoners.
169
00:25:16,708 --> 00:25:19,916
I heard the lieutenant calling,
"This one too."
170
00:25:21,500 --> 00:25:23,208
And then a shot.
171
00:25:23,291 --> 00:25:26,250
[gun firing]
172
00:25:32,166 --> 00:25:34,500
I heard shots again and again and again.
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00:26:05,708 --> 00:26:07,166
It was hard.
174
00:26:09,250 --> 00:26:11,583
[soldier shouting in German]
175
00:26:13,041 --> 00:26:17,416
[Heinz] Some soldiers came to us
with a Russian prisoner.
176
00:26:18,250 --> 00:26:21,250
My lieutenant gave me
the order to shoot him.
177
00:26:29,166 --> 00:26:32,708
We walked along a forest path.
178
00:26:41,416 --> 00:26:43,541
I let him walk ahead of me.
179
00:26:48,333 --> 00:26:51,041
Then I said, "Turn around."
180
00:26:55,458 --> 00:26:59,708
At that time he probably assumed
that his time had come.
181
00:27:00,666 --> 00:27:04,291
I lowered my rifle and said…
182
00:27:05,833 --> 00:27:10,333
"Don't be afraid.
I'm not a killer, I am a human being."
183
00:27:14,500 --> 00:27:18,416
He took a step towards me
and held out his hand
184
00:27:19,500 --> 00:27:20,875
and said, "Thank you."
185
00:27:22,375 --> 00:27:24,166
"Peace be with you!"
186
00:27:26,375 --> 00:27:28,000
And we parted ways.
187
00:27:41,458 --> 00:27:43,875
[narrator]
Heinz Drossel is a rare exception.
188
00:27:46,041 --> 00:27:48,166
As well as prisoners, the German army
189
00:27:48,250 --> 00:27:51,500
is now engaged
in the mass execution of civilians.
190
00:27:56,500 --> 00:28:00,583
Over a million Jewish people
and other groups are murdered.
191
00:28:21,958 --> 00:28:23,500
[newscaster] Despite the heavy snow
192
00:28:23,583 --> 00:28:26,541
up and down
virtually the entire Eastern Front,
193
00:28:26,625 --> 00:28:30,083
reports here persist that
German advances are still being made.
194
00:28:34,166 --> 00:28:36,625
[narrator] November 1941.
195
00:28:54,708 --> 00:28:56,083
[missiles whistling]
196
00:28:56,166 --> 00:28:58,666
[newscaster] Reports from the East
reveal that the Luftwaffe
197
00:28:58,750 --> 00:29:02,125
are pounding the Moscow area,
hour after hour.
198
00:29:04,208 --> 00:29:07,458
[narrator] The Germans are 50 miles
from the gates of Moscow.
199
00:29:09,666 --> 00:29:11,833
[newscaster] The raids
are the heaviest yet carried out
200
00:29:11,916 --> 00:29:13,875
against the Soviet capital.
201
00:29:15,458 --> 00:29:17,541
[narrator]
Stalin has not been seen in months
202
00:29:18,291 --> 00:29:20,875
and the whole war
seems to hang in the balance.
203
00:29:24,208 --> 00:29:25,500
A meeting is called
204
00:29:25,583 --> 00:29:28,375
in the underground tunnels
of the Moscow subway system.
205
00:29:41,666 --> 00:29:43,625
[crowd applauding]
206
00:30:07,291 --> 00:30:08,541
[in Russian] Comrades!
207
00:30:09,333 --> 00:30:13,916
We have a determined enemy against us.
208
00:30:14,958 --> 00:30:20,125
These people have the impudence
209
00:30:20,208 --> 00:30:23,833
to call for the destruction
of our great Russian nation.
210
00:30:30,500 --> 00:30:32,833
So, from now on, our task
211
00:30:33,416 --> 00:30:38,708
will be to exterminate
all the Germans, to the last one.
212
00:30:42,416 --> 00:30:47,291
If these Germans really want
a war of annihilation, they can have it.
213
00:30:47,375 --> 00:30:48,916
[cheering]
214
00:31:10,416 --> 00:31:12,750
[narrator]
Now, the Red Army fightback begins.
215
00:31:15,083 --> 00:31:17,208
And the war is intensified further.
216
00:31:17,291 --> 00:31:19,125
[missiles whistling]
217
00:31:36,791 --> 00:31:41,333
Meanwhile, on the other side of the world,
Japan's forces are on the attack.
218
00:31:46,833 --> 00:31:48,375
They've annexed Korea.
219
00:31:48,958 --> 00:31:50,208
They're in China.
220
00:31:50,291 --> 00:31:54,166
And they want Hong Kong,
Malaya and the Philippines…
221
00:31:54,250 --> 00:31:56,500
as they seek
to dominate the whole of Asia.
222
00:32:01,916 --> 00:32:04,458
They know there's one thing
that could stop them.
223
00:32:06,500 --> 00:32:08,041
The U.S. Navy.
224
00:32:10,333 --> 00:32:11,916
But they have a plan for that too.
225
00:32:35,416 --> 00:32:40,500
[Takeshi in Japanese]
Training started on September 18.
226
00:32:45,375 --> 00:32:48,458
We had to fly low,
just ten meters above the water.
227
00:32:50,583 --> 00:32:54,791
We used buoys as targets.
228
00:32:56,250 --> 00:33:00,750
We were training to drop torpedoes.
229
00:33:04,291 --> 00:33:07,333
I knew the war had finally come,
230
00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:12,500
though I didn't know against who yet.
231
00:33:19,625 --> 00:33:22,583
[narrator] Japan has watched for months
as America has debated
232
00:33:22,666 --> 00:33:24,333
whether to join the war.
233
00:33:25,333 --> 00:33:29,333
Now their leaders decide
they're not going to wait to find out.
234
00:33:29,416 --> 00:33:32,208
Instead, they'll launch a surprise attack
235
00:33:32,291 --> 00:33:35,875
to destroy
the American fleet at Pearl Harbor.
236
00:33:56,583 --> 00:34:00,000
[Zenji in Japanese]
I remember that morning vividly.
237
00:34:01,416 --> 00:34:06,250
The lights from the back of the planes
238
00:34:06,333 --> 00:34:09,333
were like a swarm of fireflies.
239
00:34:12,083 --> 00:34:15,375
It was a beautiful sight.
240
00:34:17,666 --> 00:34:21,833
They had no idea what we were planning,
241
00:34:21,916 --> 00:34:25,125
but if it was Japan's destiny
to fight America,
242
00:34:25,208 --> 00:34:29,708
we could never
meet them on a level playing field.
243
00:34:30,125 --> 00:34:33,875
A surprise attack was our only option.
244
00:34:53,583 --> 00:34:55,375
[Jack] It was Sunday morning,
245
00:34:55,458 --> 00:34:59,041
and I was on third deck
of the battleship Tennessee
246
00:34:59,791 --> 00:35:02,291
and my job was to look out.
247
00:35:02,375 --> 00:35:03,833
[plane engines humming]
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All of a sudden,
a torpedo plane flew right over our bow.
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[sailors shouting]
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[explosions]
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I turned to see sailors
being blown into the water.
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Then we were just engulfed in smoke.
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[narrator] Witnessing the attacks
at Pearl Harbor is Harold Ward.
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He calls in the news of what's happening.
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00:36:30,375 --> 00:36:31,916
[Harold] So, I put on the 'phones.
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A voice from out of damage control.
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He says, "What's going on up there?"
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So, I told him that we were being
attacked by Japanese air force.
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"Don't you get wise with me, Ward.
I asked you a question."
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So, I began to describe
what I was looking at.
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And there was a dead silence
when I finished speaking.
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"Very well. Thank you."
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[newscaster] We interrupt this program
to bring you a special news bulletin.
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The Japanese have attacked
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, by air.
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00:37:31,416 --> 00:37:32,791
[telegraph beeping]
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00:37:32,875 --> 00:37:37,791
[newscaster 2] All Army and Navy bases
on the island of Oahu and Hawaii…
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00:37:37,875 --> 00:37:40,291
[newscaster 3] President Roosevelt
said in a statement today
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00:37:40,375 --> 00:37:45,125
that the Japanese have attacked
the Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from the air.
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00:37:45,208 --> 00:37:46,333
I'll repeat that.
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00:37:46,416 --> 00:37:48,833
President Roosevelt says that the Japanese
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00:37:48,916 --> 00:37:51,875
have attacked Pearl Harbor
in Hawaii from the air.
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[Zenji]
I saw smoke rising into the clouds.
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It must have been 1,000 meters high.
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Then we got a Morse code message:
"Tiger, tiger, tiger!"
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The mission was a success.
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We were so happy!
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[narrator] The Japanese have tried
to take out the entire Pacific Fleet.
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They have sunk
five battleships and three destroyers.
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And killed over 2,000 people.
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But they haven't destroyed it all.
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[Richard]
I saw the destruction the next day.
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I really couldn't believe it was true.
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It was a shame and a humiliation.
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I realized, this is only the beginning.
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Now, this has to be war.
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[Roosevelt] Yesterday, December 7th, 1941,
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00:39:44,541 --> 00:39:49,375
a date which will live in infamy,
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the United States of America
was suddenly and deliberately attacked
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by forces of the Empire of Japan.
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I ask that the Congress declare
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a State of War.
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[applause]
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[narrator] Now, finally,
America fires up its war machine.
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And it will take its revenge
on the Japanese.
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[subdued theme song playing]