1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:08,942 --> 00:00:11,461 President's car is now turning onto Elm Street, 4 00:00:11,545 --> 00:00:12,997 and it will be only a matter of minutes 5 00:00:13,081 --> 00:00:15,032 before he arrives at the Trade Mart. 6 00:00:21,455 --> 00:00:23,573 It--it a--it appears as though 7 00:00:23,657 --> 00:00:25,875 something has happened in the motorcade route. 8 00:00:25,959 --> 00:00:27,344 Something, I repeat, has happened 9 00:00:27,428 --> 00:00:28,778 in the motorcade route. 10 00:00:30,331 --> 00:00:32,282 This is Walter Cronkite in our newsroom, 11 00:00:32,366 --> 00:00:35,052 and there has been an attempt, 12 00:00:35,136 --> 00:00:37,821 as perhaps you know now, on the life of President Kennedy. 13 00:00:39,307 --> 00:00:40,991 It was the first time 14 00:00:41,075 --> 00:00:44,428 that the public had seen a murder on television. 15 00:00:44,512 --> 00:00:46,596 We heard Kennedy had been shot 16 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:48,532 and he was being brought to the emergency room 17 00:00:48,616 --> 00:00:51,035 at Parkland Hospital. 18 00:00:51,119 --> 00:00:53,603 Within minutes of seeing President Kennedy, 19 00:00:53,687 --> 00:00:55,139 doctors at Parkland concluded 20 00:00:55,223 --> 00:00:57,574 that the neck wound was an entrance wound 21 00:00:57,658 --> 00:01:00,544 and the head wound was an exit wound. 22 00:01:00,628 --> 00:01:04,814 My president had been assassinated and was dead. 23 00:01:04,898 --> 00:01:07,751 My goodness, you've just taken care of the president, 24 00:01:07,835 --> 00:01:08,718 and he's dead. 25 00:01:08,802 --> 00:01:10,254 Did that really happen, 26 00:01:10,338 --> 00:01:11,721 or was this a nightmare? 27 00:01:11,805 --> 00:01:12,989 My God. 28 00:01:13,073 --> 00:01:15,092 Parkland Hospital doctors were quoted 29 00:01:15,176 --> 00:01:17,361 as saying they thought at least one bullet entered 30 00:01:17,445 --> 00:01:19,396 Mr. Kennedy's neck from the front. 31 00:01:19,480 --> 00:01:21,565 The Parkland doctors were 32 00:01:21,649 --> 00:01:23,600 a serious problem for the U.S. government 33 00:01:23,684 --> 00:01:26,770 because they had provided evidence 34 00:01:26,854 --> 00:01:28,805 that there was a shooter somewhere in the front, 35 00:01:28,889 --> 00:01:31,708 and that ran totally contrary to the official narrative 36 00:01:31,792 --> 00:01:34,978 of a lone shooter from above and behind. 37 00:01:35,062 --> 00:01:36,313 All this mattered, 38 00:01:36,397 --> 00:01:39,849 because Oswald had to have had an accomplice. 39 00:01:39,933 --> 00:01:41,518 The government narrative is 40 00:01:41,602 --> 00:01:43,937 that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone... 41 00:01:45,339 --> 00:01:48,858 Killing President Kennedy, case closed. 42 00:01:50,511 --> 00:01:53,430 And as we know, it was not case closed 43 00:01:53,514 --> 00:01:56,266 at that particular point. 44 00:01:56,350 --> 00:01:59,469 Who was behind all of this? 45 00:01:59,553 --> 00:02:01,771 Certain people in our government tampered 46 00:02:01,855 --> 00:02:04,608 with critical evidence in order to make sure 47 00:02:04,692 --> 00:02:05,942 the American people would not know the truth 48 00:02:06,026 --> 00:02:08,578 about who murdered the president. 49 00:02:08,662 --> 00:02:11,715 Documents are withheld by the FBI, the CIA. 50 00:02:11,799 --> 00:02:14,451 Intelligence agencies did all the wrong things 51 00:02:14,535 --> 00:02:17,287 if they were looking for conspiracy. 52 00:02:17,371 --> 00:02:19,723 A lot of people just decided to keep their mouths shut, 53 00:02:19,807 --> 00:02:22,126 including the Parkland doctors. 54 00:02:22,210 --> 00:02:23,827 I didn't want to be a target 55 00:02:23,911 --> 00:02:27,030 for those who had killed our president. 56 00:02:30,851 --> 00:02:34,671 So I didn't tell anybody for over 30 years 57 00:02:34,755 --> 00:02:37,774 that I was present in Trauma Room 1. 58 00:02:37,858 --> 00:02:40,310 Because so many people did die 59 00:02:40,394 --> 00:02:43,447 who had been involved in the assassination. 60 00:02:43,531 --> 00:02:46,583 And he said, you must never, ever say that 61 00:02:46,667 --> 00:02:48,918 that was an entrance wound again 62 00:02:49,002 --> 00:02:50,487 if you know what's good for you. 63 00:02:52,673 --> 00:02:56,626 What actually happened in Trauma Room 1 never came out, 64 00:02:56,710 --> 00:02:58,061 never became public. 65 00:02:58,145 --> 00:03:00,197 I was there. 66 00:03:00,281 --> 00:03:01,665 I know what I saw. 67 00:03:01,749 --> 00:03:03,933 I was there. I remember it in detail. 68 00:03:04,017 --> 00:03:07,137 It's etched in my memory forever. 69 00:03:07,221 --> 00:03:08,438 What's more likely, 70 00:03:08,522 --> 00:03:10,039 Parkland doctors telling the truth 71 00:03:10,123 --> 00:03:12,493 or the autopsy telling the truth? 72 00:03:13,727 --> 00:03:16,313 The Parkland doctors told the truth. 73 00:03:16,397 --> 00:03:19,349 These doctors are about as trustworthy as you can get. 74 00:03:19,433 --> 00:03:21,951 This country has not been told the truth 75 00:03:22,035 --> 00:03:23,771 about the JFK assassination. 76 00:03:25,273 --> 00:03:28,192 Will people feel that they have 77 00:03:28,276 --> 00:03:32,362 a better understanding of what actually happened? 78 00:03:34,748 --> 00:03:36,233 Absolutely. 79 00:04:08,349 --> 00:04:09,899 Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. 80 00:04:09,983 --> 00:04:13,169 This is Bob Walker speaking from Dallas Love Field, 81 00:04:13,253 --> 00:04:16,506 where a large crowd is gathered now to await 82 00:04:16,590 --> 00:04:19,108 the arrival of President and Mrs. John Fitzgerald Kennedy 83 00:04:19,192 --> 00:04:22,412 from Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth. 84 00:04:24,398 --> 00:04:25,949 We were aware 85 00:04:26,033 --> 00:04:28,485 that the president was coming to Dallas. 86 00:04:28,569 --> 00:04:30,237 It had been well publicized. 87 00:04:33,073 --> 00:04:36,360 Police were circling the field all morning long 88 00:04:36,444 --> 00:04:37,827 from the early morning hours, 89 00:04:37,911 --> 00:04:40,714 and a huge contingent of police are on hand. 90 00:04:42,683 --> 00:04:46,270 Next big jet approaching, and this one should contain 91 00:04:46,354 --> 00:04:48,738 the president and Mrs. Kennedy. 92 00:04:48,822 --> 00:04:51,375 Here comes Jack! 93 00:04:51,459 --> 00:04:53,327 He was like a rock star. 94 00:04:56,096 --> 00:04:58,682 He was handsome and rich. 95 00:04:58,766 --> 00:05:00,350 He had a pretty wife. 96 00:05:00,434 --> 00:05:01,518 I liked him. 97 00:05:01,602 --> 00:05:04,288 I thought he was really cool. 98 00:05:05,839 --> 00:05:07,257 Right into us now. 99 00:05:12,713 --> 00:05:16,165 And the crowd below is cheering. 100 00:05:16,249 --> 00:05:17,567 There's Mrs. Kennedy 101 00:05:17,651 --> 00:05:19,936 and the President of the United States. 102 00:05:20,020 --> 00:05:22,972 And I can see his suntan all the way from here. 103 00:05:23,056 --> 00:05:25,975 Crowd waving, as you can see. 104 00:05:26,059 --> 00:05:28,144 People standing up all over everything available 105 00:05:28,228 --> 00:05:31,415 to get a glimpse of the president and his wife. 106 00:05:31,499 --> 00:05:33,417 Oh, I idolized him. 107 00:05:33,501 --> 00:05:35,703 I was a Democrat, of course. 108 00:05:38,439 --> 00:05:41,658 And he's broken away from his plan 109 00:05:41,742 --> 00:05:45,729 and gone right up to the fence to shake hands with people. 110 00:05:45,813 --> 00:05:47,030 Boy, this is something. 111 00:05:47,114 --> 00:05:48,998 It makes the eggshells even thinner 112 00:05:49,082 --> 00:05:50,867 for the Secret Service, whose job it is 113 00:05:50,951 --> 00:05:52,902 to guard the man. 114 00:05:52,986 --> 00:05:55,038 I was very excited that the president 115 00:05:55,122 --> 00:05:57,958 and Jacqueline Kennedy were coming to Dallas. 116 00:06:00,528 --> 00:06:04,981 And I was sorry that I was on call at Parkland 117 00:06:05,065 --> 00:06:07,717 because I wanted to go down and see the parade. 118 00:06:07,801 --> 00:06:10,554 And back they go to the car. 119 00:06:10,638 --> 00:06:14,241 The Governor Connally standing in the car beaming. 120 00:06:16,477 --> 00:06:18,995 Now the motorcade will very shortly start to move out 121 00:06:19,079 --> 00:06:22,198 for downtown Dallas, where thousands should already 122 00:06:22,282 --> 00:06:25,602 be on the street right now waiting for a view 123 00:06:25,686 --> 00:06:27,387 of the president and his wife. 124 00:06:29,957 --> 00:06:33,042 The route of the location of the parade 125 00:06:33,126 --> 00:06:36,446 had been published in the paper two or three days before. 126 00:06:36,530 --> 00:06:38,615 So everyone knew the route. 127 00:06:38,699 --> 00:06:41,951 And that's the reason that there were so many thousands 128 00:06:42,035 --> 00:06:43,971 of people standing on the streets. 129 00:06:45,506 --> 00:06:47,991 There was some discussion as to whether 130 00:06:48,075 --> 00:06:51,712 it was really good for him to come to Dallas. 131 00:06:53,781 --> 00:06:56,232 And here is the President of the United States. 132 00:06:56,316 --> 00:06:57,701 And what a crowd. 133 00:06:57,785 --> 00:06:59,603 What a tremendous welcome he's getting now. 134 00:06:59,687 --> 00:07:01,304 We can--and there's Jackie. 135 00:07:01,388 --> 00:07:03,006 She's getting just as big a welcome. 136 00:07:03,090 --> 00:07:04,508 There is Lyndon Johnson 137 00:07:04,592 --> 00:07:06,309 and Lady Bird passing by in the second car. 138 00:07:06,393 --> 00:07:09,012 And the crowd is absolutely going wild. 139 00:07:09,096 --> 00:07:11,748 This is a friendly crowd in downtown Dallas. 140 00:07:14,935 --> 00:07:18,021 So my wife and children, with everybody else, went out, 141 00:07:18,105 --> 00:07:20,356 and when the little motorcade coming by, 142 00:07:20,440 --> 00:07:23,092 they saw this crowd of people, and they slowed down, 143 00:07:23,176 --> 00:07:25,946 and Kennedy waved at them. 144 00:07:27,347 --> 00:07:29,533 President's car is now turning onto Elm Street, 145 00:07:29,617 --> 00:07:31,167 and it will be only a matter of minutes 146 00:07:31,251 --> 00:07:33,269 before he arrives at the Trade Mart. 147 00:07:33,353 --> 00:07:35,038 I was on Stemmons Freeway earlier, 148 00:07:35,122 --> 00:07:37,340 and even the freeway was jam-packed with spectators. 149 00:07:37,424 --> 00:07:40,043 Yes, we were all aware that he was coming to Dallas. 150 00:07:40,127 --> 00:07:42,646 I think the whole city was excited about it 151 00:07:42,730 --> 00:07:44,097 one way or another. 152 00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:49,085 Certainly, a lot of the people were very excited 153 00:07:49,169 --> 00:07:52,188 and made great preparation for him to come. 154 00:07:52,272 --> 00:07:54,390 And thousands and thousands of people who were 155 00:07:54,474 --> 00:07:57,360 crowding the streets here are following the motorcade 156 00:07:57,444 --> 00:08:01,598 even further down Main Street towards Stemmons Freeway. 157 00:08:01,682 --> 00:08:03,733 A wonderful welcome having been given 158 00:08:03,817 --> 00:08:06,286 to the president here in downtown Dallas. 159 00:08:14,628 --> 00:08:15,745 It--it a-- 160 00:09:07,715 --> 00:09:09,999 The first time that I suspected 161 00:09:10,083 --> 00:09:12,802 that some major event had occurred 162 00:09:12,886 --> 00:09:15,204 was when the operator was paging 163 00:09:15,288 --> 00:09:18,174 through the loudspeaker system, "The president's been shot, 164 00:09:18,258 --> 00:09:21,010 and they're bringing him to the emergency room." 165 00:09:21,094 --> 00:09:23,446 They've called from the emergency room, 166 00:09:23,530 --> 00:09:25,882 said that they're bringing President Kennedy in. 167 00:09:25,966 --> 00:09:27,183 He'd been shot. 168 00:09:27,267 --> 00:09:29,986 There was a bunch of other top-notch people 169 00:09:30,070 --> 00:09:31,404 that were being paged. 170 00:09:53,560 --> 00:09:57,146 The nurse ran in and said, "The president has been shot." 171 00:09:57,230 --> 00:09:59,515 I ran downstairs as fast as I could 172 00:09:59,599 --> 00:10:03,119 and went into Trauma Room number 1. 173 00:10:03,203 --> 00:10:05,321 We heard Kennedy had been shot 174 00:10:05,405 --> 00:10:07,223 and he was being brought to the emergency room 175 00:10:07,307 --> 00:10:09,358 at Parkland Hospital. 176 00:10:09,442 --> 00:10:12,729 When I heard that, ran down three flights of stairs 177 00:10:12,813 --> 00:10:14,530 into the main corridor. 178 00:10:14,614 --> 00:10:17,867 And that's when you get this tremendous rush 179 00:10:17,951 --> 00:10:20,369 of adrenaline in your body. 180 00:10:20,453 --> 00:10:23,640 And I thought, oh, it's gonna be like John Wayne. 181 00:10:23,724 --> 00:10:25,374 He'll be sitting on the gurney, 182 00:10:25,458 --> 00:10:28,578 and he'll be like, you know, oh, it's only a flesh wound. 183 00:10:28,662 --> 00:10:30,330 You know, I had no idea. 184 00:10:32,065 --> 00:10:35,018 The first reports say that President Kennedy has been 185 00:10:35,102 --> 00:10:38,321 seriously wounded by this shooting. 186 00:10:38,405 --> 00:10:39,689 Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. 187 00:10:39,773 --> 00:10:41,224 You'll excuse the fact that I'm out of breath, 188 00:10:41,308 --> 00:10:44,060 but about 10 or 15 minutes ago, 189 00:10:44,144 --> 00:10:46,796 a tragic thing, from all indications at this point, 190 00:10:46,880 --> 00:10:47,864 has happened in the city of Dallas. 191 00:10:47,948 --> 00:10:49,298 Let me quote to you this. 192 00:10:49,382 --> 00:10:51,500 "President Kennedy and Governor John Connally have 193 00:10:51,584 --> 00:10:54,203 "been cut down by assassins' bullets in Downtown Dallas. 194 00:10:54,287 --> 00:10:56,372 "They were riding in an open automobile 195 00:10:56,456 --> 00:10:58,041 "when the shots were fired. 196 00:10:58,125 --> 00:10:59,609 "The president, his limp body carried 197 00:10:59,693 --> 00:11:01,344 "in the arms of his wife, Jacqueline, 198 00:11:01,428 --> 00:11:03,630 has rushed to Parkland Hospital." 199 00:11:04,765 --> 00:11:07,250 I would have expected them to bring him to Parkland. 200 00:11:07,334 --> 00:11:10,053 First of all, it was probably the closest hospital, 201 00:11:10,137 --> 00:11:11,988 but it was the number one trauma hospital 202 00:11:12,072 --> 00:11:13,422 in that part of the country. 203 00:11:13,506 --> 00:11:16,559 Parkland is the designated trauma center 204 00:11:16,643 --> 00:11:20,496 for all of the greater Dallas-Fort Worth area. 205 00:11:20,580 --> 00:11:23,800 I had taken care of, already, hundreds of patients 206 00:11:23,884 --> 00:11:28,204 with gunshot wounds and injuries and car accidents. 207 00:11:28,288 --> 00:11:32,041 We were seeing two to three gunshot wounds a day, 208 00:11:32,125 --> 00:11:33,810 plus stab wounds, 209 00:11:33,894 --> 00:11:36,813 plus blunt trauma, such as automobile accidents. 210 00:11:36,897 --> 00:11:39,282 And we were seeing about 5,000 a year of those. 211 00:11:39,366 --> 00:11:41,184 That's where I would have wanted to be 212 00:11:41,268 --> 00:11:42,285 if that had happened to me. 213 00:11:42,369 --> 00:11:43,519 There's no doubt about that. 214 00:11:43,603 --> 00:11:45,755 Parkland's well-known for their care 215 00:11:45,839 --> 00:11:49,209 in those kind of emergencies, and that's what they do best. 216 00:12:06,827 --> 00:12:10,446 Within a half a minute, door came flying open, 217 00:12:10,530 --> 00:12:12,415 and here came the gurney with Jackie 218 00:12:12,499 --> 00:12:14,417 and the two Secret Service guys, 219 00:12:14,501 --> 00:12:19,288 and had a terribly wounded man on their hands. 220 00:12:19,372 --> 00:12:22,692 The president was being wheeled on the gurney 221 00:12:22,776 --> 00:12:24,627 towards Trauma Room 1. 222 00:12:24,711 --> 00:12:26,830 I remember the Secret Service men 223 00:12:26,914 --> 00:12:30,199 and the look on their face, 224 00:12:30,283 --> 00:12:32,601 if you can imagine how relieved they were 225 00:12:32,685 --> 00:12:37,106 to pass off the mortally wounded president 226 00:12:37,190 --> 00:12:40,176 to the doctors to take care of him. 227 00:12:40,260 --> 00:12:42,746 And you just feel a flush coming over your body, 228 00:12:42,830 --> 00:12:47,283 and you think, my goodness, I'm about to take care 229 00:12:47,367 --> 00:12:49,118 of the President of the United States. 230 00:12:54,307 --> 00:12:56,760 When I first walked into Trauma Room 1 231 00:12:56,844 --> 00:12:58,094 and saw the president, 232 00:12:58,178 --> 00:13:00,964 the president was on a cart. 233 00:13:01,048 --> 00:13:05,234 He had his arms out there ready to be resuscitated. 234 00:13:05,318 --> 00:13:08,471 I was looking at him, thinking, 235 00:13:08,555 --> 00:13:10,940 he's not going to make it probably. 236 00:13:11,024 --> 00:13:14,043 But you really need to get an airway and an IV going, 237 00:13:14,127 --> 00:13:15,979 then do your examination. 238 00:13:16,063 --> 00:13:17,747 And that's what we did. 239 00:13:17,831 --> 00:13:20,516 Dr. Carrico was the second-year resident 240 00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:22,418 in charge of the emergency room, 241 00:13:22,502 --> 00:13:24,653 and he was attempting to intubate the president, 242 00:13:24,737 --> 00:13:26,856 putting a tube into the windpipe. 243 00:13:26,940 --> 00:13:29,658 There had been an attempt by a couple of junior residents 244 00:13:29,742 --> 00:13:31,761 to get an IV going, but because he was 245 00:13:31,845 --> 00:13:34,330 in such profound shock, the veins were collapsed. 246 00:13:34,414 --> 00:13:36,265 But I made a little nick in the vein 247 00:13:36,349 --> 00:13:39,268 and bare-handedly threaded the catheter in. 248 00:13:39,352 --> 00:13:44,340 And they said, Goldstrich, go get the defibrillator. 249 00:13:44,424 --> 00:13:47,143 So I ran out of the room and got it out 250 00:13:47,227 --> 00:13:49,712 and pushed it as hard as I could on the wheels 251 00:13:49,796 --> 00:13:50,880 and got it back there. 252 00:13:50,964 --> 00:13:52,181 And I'm thinking, you know, 253 00:13:52,265 --> 00:13:53,649 maybe this is gonna save his life. 254 00:13:55,802 --> 00:13:58,054 I was just a fourth-year medical student. 255 00:13:58,138 --> 00:14:00,107 I was never the guy in charge. 256 00:14:01,641 --> 00:14:04,527 We took over as more senior personnel, 257 00:14:04,611 --> 00:14:08,497 and Dr. Malcolm Perry was really the staff person 258 00:14:08,581 --> 00:14:11,567 that seemed to subsequently be the one 259 00:14:11,651 --> 00:14:14,770 that was looked as to being the lead surgeon 260 00:14:14,854 --> 00:14:17,706 that cared for President Kennedy. 261 00:14:17,790 --> 00:14:20,243 The next person that I recall coming in 262 00:14:20,327 --> 00:14:21,811 was Dr. Bob McClelland. 263 00:14:21,895 --> 00:14:25,114 Dr. Perry and Dr. Baxter had just walked 264 00:14:25,198 --> 00:14:27,016 into that room ahead of me. 265 00:14:27,100 --> 00:14:29,718 And Dr. Perry was standing on the right side 266 00:14:29,802 --> 00:14:32,221 of the cart the president was lying on, 267 00:14:32,305 --> 00:14:35,475 Dr. Baxter opposite him on the left side. 268 00:14:36,977 --> 00:14:39,328 So they motioned me on through. 269 00:14:39,412 --> 00:14:42,065 And I pushed the door open to Trauma Room 1, 270 00:14:42,149 --> 00:14:43,732 walked by Mrs. Kennedy, 271 00:14:43,816 --> 00:14:47,136 and was greeted by the horrific sight 272 00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:51,975 of President Kennedy lying on his back on a cart 273 00:14:52,059 --> 00:14:54,944 with an operating room light shining down 274 00:14:55,028 --> 00:14:57,480 on his bloody head. 275 00:14:57,564 --> 00:15:01,350 And I've still got that fixed in my mind to this moment. 276 00:15:05,438 --> 00:15:08,491 The most dramatic things to me were 277 00:15:08,575 --> 00:15:11,527 the chaos in the emergency room, 278 00:15:11,611 --> 00:15:14,430 the Secret Service with their machine guns 279 00:15:14,514 --> 00:15:17,000 looking around frantically, 280 00:15:17,084 --> 00:15:21,905 the president lying on a surgical bed, 281 00:15:21,989 --> 00:15:25,875 and with Mrs. Kennedy sitting by 282 00:15:25,959 --> 00:15:30,213 with the flecks of the president's brain 283 00:15:30,297 --> 00:15:32,332 on her skirt. 284 00:15:34,934 --> 00:15:40,423 The whole atmosphere together was very chaotic. 285 00:15:40,507 --> 00:15:43,292 The emergency room nurse, Doris Nelson, 286 00:15:43,376 --> 00:15:45,228 was letting people in, 287 00:15:45,312 --> 00:15:48,331 and there was a policeman or a Secret Service agent. 288 00:15:48,415 --> 00:15:50,366 I'm not sure which. 289 00:15:50,450 --> 00:15:52,969 That pit area was jammed 290 00:15:53,053 --> 00:15:55,771 with men in business suits, shoulder to shoulder. 291 00:15:55,855 --> 00:15:59,008 And this uniformed man had just sort of 292 00:15:59,092 --> 00:16:00,809 unobtrusively slipped in. 293 00:16:00,893 --> 00:16:04,413 And I noticed that handcuffed to his left wrist 294 00:16:04,497 --> 00:16:06,082 was a briefcase. 295 00:16:06,166 --> 00:16:10,286 And someone says, there's the man with the nuclear codes. 296 00:16:10,370 --> 00:16:12,888 We were maybe thinking this was the first stage 297 00:16:12,972 --> 00:16:15,808 of some kind of Russian attack or whatnot. 298 00:16:16,709 --> 00:16:19,095 What was a wonderful welcome in downtown Dallas 299 00:16:19,179 --> 00:16:21,864 has become a scene of indescribable horror 300 00:16:21,948 --> 00:16:24,867 as hundreds of people crowd outside the back door 301 00:16:24,951 --> 00:16:27,536 to the emergency room here at Parkland Hospital. 302 00:16:27,620 --> 00:16:28,771 And people are wondering, 303 00:16:28,855 --> 00:16:30,873 is our president going to live? 304 00:16:34,861 --> 00:16:36,812 There is no certain road to the presidency. 305 00:16:36,896 --> 00:16:38,314 There are no guarantees. 306 00:16:38,398 --> 00:16:40,083 The question really is, 307 00:16:40,167 --> 00:16:41,784 which candidate can meet the problems 308 00:16:41,868 --> 00:16:44,020 that the United States is going to face in the '60s? 309 00:16:48,841 --> 00:16:52,628 I do not believe that any of us 310 00:16:52,712 --> 00:16:55,398 would exchange places with any other people 311 00:16:55,482 --> 00:16:58,434 or any other generation. 312 00:16:58,518 --> 00:17:02,505 The energy, the faith, the devotion 313 00:17:02,589 --> 00:17:06,042 which we bring to this endeavor 314 00:17:06,126 --> 00:17:09,312 will light our country and all who serve it. 315 00:17:09,396 --> 00:17:12,615 And the glow from that fire 316 00:17:12,699 --> 00:17:15,884 can truly light the world. 317 00:17:15,968 --> 00:17:19,022 We were talking about him that morning-- 318 00:17:19,106 --> 00:17:22,825 the charisma that he created and the new excitement 319 00:17:22,909 --> 00:17:26,162 that he was presenting for our country. 320 00:17:26,246 --> 00:17:30,466 I remember thinking, this is really historical. 321 00:17:30,550 --> 00:17:33,969 I'm in the middle of something really historical. 322 00:17:50,670 --> 00:17:53,522 This is the president, and I remember 323 00:17:53,606 --> 00:17:55,258 there was no expression, 324 00:17:55,342 --> 00:17:57,193 there was no movement of his face. 325 00:17:57,277 --> 00:18:00,163 His eyes were open, and it was an impressive view 326 00:18:00,247 --> 00:18:02,065 that I'll never forget, 327 00:18:02,149 --> 00:18:05,668 because here was my hero, 328 00:18:05,752 --> 00:18:09,722 and it was a very sad situation. 329 00:18:12,225 --> 00:18:16,045 The first thing I noticed was a very small wound 330 00:18:16,129 --> 00:18:18,147 in his neck in the front. 331 00:18:19,966 --> 00:18:23,552 I do remember that very early on, 332 00:18:23,636 --> 00:18:26,189 even when his clothes were still on, 333 00:18:26,273 --> 00:18:28,524 I saw the wound in his neck. 334 00:18:28,608 --> 00:18:31,860 We could tell that the wound was in the front of the neck 335 00:18:31,944 --> 00:18:36,932 just above where the shirt and tie was. 336 00:18:37,016 --> 00:18:38,901 So it was visible to you. 337 00:18:38,985 --> 00:18:42,338 In my own mind, the wound was pretty small, 338 00:18:42,422 --> 00:18:45,274 maybe a nickel, maybe a dime. 339 00:18:45,358 --> 00:18:48,877 And that small wound, Malcolm originally thought 340 00:18:48,961 --> 00:18:51,097 it must be an entrance wound because it was so small. 341 00:18:59,005 --> 00:19:02,658 And as I walked by, Dr. Perry leaned across the president 342 00:19:02,742 --> 00:19:06,028 and handed me a surgical retractor and said, 343 00:19:06,112 --> 00:19:09,398 Bob, would you go and stand at the head of the cart 344 00:19:09,482 --> 00:19:12,601 and lean over and put that retractor in the wound 345 00:19:12,685 --> 00:19:16,439 and pull it open so he and Dr. Baxter could look down 346 00:19:16,523 --> 00:19:19,208 into the wound and see what they needed to see. 347 00:19:21,060 --> 00:19:25,148 I saw Dr. Perry make the cut right through the wound 348 00:19:25,232 --> 00:19:27,150 that we thought was an entrance wound. 349 00:19:27,234 --> 00:19:30,919 So Dr. Perry expanded this, and we helped retract 350 00:19:31,003 --> 00:19:33,656 and helped hold things and inserted the tube 351 00:19:33,740 --> 00:19:35,475 and got an airway control. 352 00:19:43,015 --> 00:19:45,301 We were trying to save our president. 353 00:19:45,385 --> 00:19:47,536 And we were trying to do everything we could 354 00:19:47,620 --> 00:19:49,556 to save him. 355 00:19:51,023 --> 00:19:52,941 The thing that really hit me 356 00:19:53,025 --> 00:19:55,110 when I got to the head of the cart 357 00:19:55,194 --> 00:19:58,181 was the wound in the back of his head. 358 00:19:58,265 --> 00:20:01,350 I said, my God, have you seen the back of his head? 359 00:20:01,434 --> 00:20:02,602 It's gone. 360 00:20:35,167 --> 00:20:36,985 What was striking, even more than Kennedy, 361 00:20:37,069 --> 00:20:39,622 was Mrs. Kennedy with blood splotched 362 00:20:39,706 --> 00:20:41,357 all over her pink coat. 363 00:20:41,441 --> 00:20:44,193 And that was kind of startling to see her like that. 364 00:20:44,277 --> 00:20:47,896 As I recall, Mrs. Kennedy was not emotional. 365 00:20:47,980 --> 00:20:51,534 My impression was that she knew this could happen, 366 00:20:51,618 --> 00:20:57,139 and it had happened, and she was prepared for it. 367 00:20:57,223 --> 00:20:58,874 Everyone should be trying to help Jack 368 00:20:58,958 --> 00:21:01,109 in whatever way they could, 369 00:21:01,193 --> 00:21:02,978 and that was the way I could do it the best, 370 00:21:03,062 --> 00:21:06,749 by making it always a climate of affection. 371 00:21:06,833 --> 00:21:09,885 I was really focused on Jacqueline Kennedy. 372 00:21:09,969 --> 00:21:13,522 She took the center of attention 373 00:21:13,606 --> 00:21:15,258 because she was a beautiful lady 374 00:21:15,342 --> 00:21:20,128 in a dramatic, very distraught condition. 375 00:21:20,212 --> 00:21:23,499 But she was still very much in command of herself 376 00:21:23,583 --> 00:21:25,734 and was not weeping or hysterical 377 00:21:25,818 --> 00:21:29,605 or anything as people might imagine. 378 00:21:29,689 --> 00:21:34,142 I do not think it altogether inappropriate 379 00:21:34,226 --> 00:21:38,013 to introduce myself to this audience. 380 00:21:38,097 --> 00:21:41,950 I am the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris. 381 00:21:42,034 --> 00:21:43,752 And I've enjoyed it. 382 00:21:45,538 --> 00:21:47,723 She had this pink suit on, 383 00:21:47,807 --> 00:21:49,925 and I wondered why she wore a pink suit 384 00:21:50,009 --> 00:21:51,794 with the red gloves. 385 00:21:51,878 --> 00:21:53,696 And of course, looking a little closer, 386 00:21:53,780 --> 00:21:57,232 you could see that the red gloves were actually blood, 387 00:21:57,316 --> 00:21:58,767 and it was on her hands. 388 00:21:58,851 --> 00:22:01,103 She was splattered with blood, 389 00:22:01,187 --> 00:22:05,240 and I usually don't say this because it's a bit gruesome, 390 00:22:05,324 --> 00:22:07,360 was gray matter was brain. 391 00:22:10,196 --> 00:22:12,214 Mrs. Kennedy, when she first came in 392 00:22:12,298 --> 00:22:14,483 with the president to Trauma Room 1, 393 00:22:14,567 --> 00:22:18,621 she was holding a large segment of his cerebrum in her hand 394 00:22:18,705 --> 00:22:21,890 and handed it to Dr. Jenkins when she came in. 395 00:22:21,974 --> 00:22:23,492 In fact, you've seen those pictures 396 00:22:23,576 --> 00:22:27,162 when she's climbing back onto the rear of the car. 397 00:22:27,246 --> 00:22:31,199 People wonder why she was retaining this piece of brain 398 00:22:31,283 --> 00:22:34,169 that had been blown out of the president's head 399 00:22:34,253 --> 00:22:36,305 onto the rear deck of the limousine. 400 00:22:36,389 --> 00:22:39,207 And she was crawling back and came in 401 00:22:39,291 --> 00:22:41,577 with that piece of brain in her hand 402 00:22:41,661 --> 00:22:43,362 and handed it to Dr. Jenkins. 403 00:22:45,932 --> 00:22:49,084 He had a major wound of his right side of his head 404 00:22:49,168 --> 00:22:51,754 that was wide-open with brain and loss of skull 405 00:22:51,838 --> 00:22:54,823 and with the whole scalp peeled back. 406 00:22:54,907 --> 00:22:57,660 So it was a horrendous wound, and it was obvious 407 00:22:57,744 --> 00:23:00,680 that probably, this was a lethal wound. 408 00:23:02,715 --> 00:23:04,700 I could look down at Kennedy, 409 00:23:04,784 --> 00:23:06,435 and it was apparent that the top of his head 410 00:23:06,519 --> 00:23:07,603 looked like it was blown off. 411 00:23:07,687 --> 00:23:09,004 It was all bloody. 412 00:23:09,088 --> 00:23:11,239 And at that instant, I felt like 413 00:23:11,323 --> 00:23:13,709 he was already dead when I saw him. 414 00:23:13,793 --> 00:23:18,714 The back half of his right cerebral hemisphere was gone. 415 00:23:18,798 --> 00:23:21,183 And as I stood there, the right half 416 00:23:21,267 --> 00:23:23,819 of the cerebellum fell out of that hole 417 00:23:23,903 --> 00:23:26,321 in the back of his head onto the cart. 418 00:23:26,405 --> 00:23:30,593 So this was obvious that this was a mortal--a fatal wound. 419 00:23:34,146 --> 00:23:37,099 My initial impression, seeing two wounds, 420 00:23:37,183 --> 00:23:39,101 was, how would you put it together? 421 00:23:39,185 --> 00:23:41,937 Well, a small wound here, a big wound back here. 422 00:23:42,021 --> 00:23:45,140 We thought that there was an entrance wound in the neck 423 00:23:45,224 --> 00:23:46,975 and an exit wound in the back of the head 424 00:23:47,059 --> 00:23:49,244 at that particular time, 425 00:23:49,328 --> 00:23:51,780 because I've seen a fair number of gunshot wounds, 426 00:23:51,864 --> 00:23:54,883 and usually the entrance wound is smaller 427 00:23:54,967 --> 00:23:56,985 than the exit wound. 428 00:23:57,069 --> 00:24:00,623 I thought that he had a lethal injury. 429 00:24:00,707 --> 00:24:03,959 But I felt that you never know. 430 00:24:04,043 --> 00:24:06,128 So, you know, here's our president. 431 00:24:06,212 --> 00:24:08,347 So let's do everything we can. 432 00:24:10,817 --> 00:24:13,802 We were probably 10 or 12 minutes 433 00:24:13,886 --> 00:24:15,538 into the resuscitation. 434 00:24:21,260 --> 00:24:22,778 We'd done the tracheotomy. 435 00:24:22,862 --> 00:24:24,212 We'd gotten the IV going. 436 00:24:24,296 --> 00:24:26,014 We'd put in two chest tubes. 437 00:24:26,098 --> 00:24:28,116 And we had gotten the heart tracing. 438 00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:31,954 By that time, we got the EKG machine in, 439 00:24:32,038 --> 00:24:33,689 and there was just a straight line. 440 00:24:33,773 --> 00:24:34,823 A straight line. 441 00:24:34,907 --> 00:24:36,258 A straight line. 442 00:24:42,682 --> 00:24:46,334 He then obviously wasn't breathing on his own at all. 443 00:24:46,418 --> 00:24:51,540 His head was cradled in Dr. Jenkins' hands, 444 00:24:51,624 --> 00:24:56,829 and he murmured to me, "Last rites, last rites." 445 00:24:58,698 --> 00:25:00,082 A call has been sent out 446 00:25:00,166 --> 00:25:02,918 from some of the top surgical specialists in Dallas, 447 00:25:03,002 --> 00:25:06,722 and a call also went out for a priest. 448 00:25:09,441 --> 00:25:12,495 And so we all agreed we should pronounce him, 449 00:25:12,579 --> 00:25:14,763 and officially, we would have Dr. Kemp Clark 450 00:25:14,847 --> 00:25:16,431 make that announcement. 451 00:25:16,515 --> 00:25:18,701 Dr. Clark took the responsibility 452 00:25:18,785 --> 00:25:20,803 because it was primarily a brain injury, 453 00:25:20,887 --> 00:25:22,638 and he's a neurosurgeon. 454 00:25:22,722 --> 00:25:25,007 And we felt like that was the wound 455 00:25:25,091 --> 00:25:28,143 that caused the demise. 456 00:25:28,227 --> 00:25:30,779 I think we all knew that the president was dead, 457 00:25:30,863 --> 00:25:34,517 and it was just a matter of who was going to make the call. 458 00:25:34,601 --> 00:25:37,019 And with that, he pronounced the president dead. 459 00:25:44,143 --> 00:25:47,395 Then is when I was 460 00:25:47,479 --> 00:25:51,700 emotionally affected. 461 00:26:11,003 --> 00:26:13,321 I mean, to see somebody die 462 00:26:13,405 --> 00:26:15,824 is something that we saw a lot of. 463 00:26:15,908 --> 00:26:19,161 But it was shocking to see the most famous person 464 00:26:19,245 --> 00:26:22,798 in the world and his wife there. 465 00:26:22,882 --> 00:26:25,000 That's imprinted in my mind, 466 00:26:25,084 --> 00:26:27,435 and it's always been there. 467 00:26:27,519 --> 00:26:33,008 It was almost like a machine that was roaring shut off. 468 00:26:33,092 --> 00:26:37,345 And there was a kind of stillness in the room. 469 00:26:37,429 --> 00:26:42,301 And you know that that person has left this world. 470 00:26:51,143 --> 00:26:54,129 They said, let's make the time of death 1:00. 471 00:26:54,213 --> 00:26:56,498 And that was well before 1:00. 472 00:26:56,582 --> 00:26:59,167 And then they said, well, that'll give Johnson time 473 00:26:59,251 --> 00:27:01,737 to get out of the hospital and get to Air Force One 474 00:27:01,821 --> 00:27:03,923 and maybe be sworn in. 475 00:27:05,191 --> 00:27:07,442 I left Trauma Room 1 476 00:27:07,526 --> 00:27:11,647 right after we had decided that he was dead. 477 00:27:11,731 --> 00:27:13,181 A gentleman walked up to me 478 00:27:13,265 --> 00:27:15,183 with a large badge in his hand, 479 00:27:15,267 --> 00:27:18,320 and he said, I'm with the FBI, 480 00:27:18,404 --> 00:27:20,355 and I need to call J. Edgar Hoover 481 00:27:20,439 --> 00:27:23,091 and tell him the condition of the president. 482 00:27:23,175 --> 00:27:25,360 And right behind him was another gentleman 483 00:27:25,444 --> 00:27:26,895 with a large badge, and he said, 484 00:27:26,979 --> 00:27:28,563 I'm with the Secret Service, 485 00:27:28,647 --> 00:27:30,599 and I need to call Joseph Kennedy 486 00:27:30,683 --> 00:27:33,769 and tell him the condition of his son. 487 00:27:33,853 --> 00:27:36,238 And here they were asking me the condition of the president, 488 00:27:36,322 --> 00:27:38,406 and I knew he was dead. 489 00:27:38,490 --> 00:27:40,142 I didn't want to be the first one 490 00:27:40,226 --> 00:27:43,478 to announce this to the world, that he was dead. 491 00:27:46,465 --> 00:27:49,618 I think the most important part was Mrs. Kennedy said 492 00:27:49,702 --> 00:27:51,920 she didn't want him pronounced until a priest arrived. 493 00:27:52,004 --> 00:27:54,690 A priest had not arrived. 494 00:27:54,774 --> 00:27:57,660 So I told them, 495 00:27:57,744 --> 00:27:59,094 I said, he's not doing well. 496 00:28:01,613 --> 00:28:05,133 At that moment, I was really in shock. 497 00:28:05,217 --> 00:28:07,369 And I just stood there. 498 00:28:07,453 --> 00:28:10,172 Everyone started exiting the room. 499 00:28:10,256 --> 00:28:12,507 Everyone was leaving. 500 00:28:12,591 --> 00:28:17,713 And before long, Mrs. Kennedy then starts 501 00:28:17,797 --> 00:28:19,682 walking over towards the president, 502 00:28:19,766 --> 00:28:21,133 and I'm just standing there. 503 00:28:32,779 --> 00:28:35,998 Dr. Baxter and I saw our opportunity to leave. 504 00:28:36,082 --> 00:28:37,833 But just as we began to do that, 505 00:28:37,917 --> 00:28:40,769 the door to Trauma Room 1 came open again, 506 00:28:40,853 --> 00:28:42,521 and a priest came in. 507 00:28:50,129 --> 00:28:52,180 The Catholic priest comes in 508 00:28:52,264 --> 00:28:55,383 and does the last rites of the church. 509 00:28:55,467 --> 00:28:57,585 And we would have had to push him out of the way 510 00:28:57,669 --> 00:28:59,387 in order to get out of the room. 511 00:28:59,471 --> 00:29:02,324 And so we froze against the wall 512 00:29:02,408 --> 00:29:06,028 and found ourselves, inappropriately we felt, 513 00:29:06,112 --> 00:29:08,314 present at the president's last rites. 514 00:29:11,017 --> 00:29:14,469 Mrs. Kennedy stood across next to Father Huber 515 00:29:14,553 --> 00:29:16,438 at the head of the president's cart. 516 00:29:16,522 --> 00:29:20,208 He leaned over and said into the president's left ear... 517 00:29:20,292 --> 00:29:23,178 I forgive you your sins in the name of the Father, 518 00:29:23,262 --> 00:29:25,380 and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. 519 00:29:25,464 --> 00:29:29,417 His wife was standing there during this entire time. 520 00:29:29,501 --> 00:29:32,254 And I couldn't hear what Mrs. Kennedy asked, 521 00:29:32,338 --> 00:29:35,623 but Father Huber said to her very quietly, 522 00:29:35,707 --> 00:29:39,194 he said, yes, I've given him conditional absolution. 523 00:29:39,278 --> 00:29:43,049 She grimaced when she heard that word "conditional." 524 00:29:54,260 --> 00:29:57,545 He's covered up, but she takes his hand, 525 00:29:57,629 --> 00:30:00,082 and she does a ring ceremony. 526 00:30:00,166 --> 00:30:02,384 She exchanged a ring from her finger 527 00:30:02,468 --> 00:30:04,252 onto the president's finger 528 00:30:04,336 --> 00:30:07,455 and a ring from his finger onto hers. 529 00:30:07,539 --> 00:30:09,691 She stood next to his bare foot 530 00:30:09,775 --> 00:30:13,161 that was protruding out from underneath the sheet. 531 00:30:13,245 --> 00:30:15,363 She stood there for a moment, then leaned over 532 00:30:15,447 --> 00:30:17,732 and kissed his foot and walked out of the room. 533 00:30:23,455 --> 00:30:25,307 Who was behind all of this? 534 00:30:25,391 --> 00:30:26,474 We didn't know that. 535 00:30:26,558 --> 00:30:27,910 They certainly didn't know it that day 536 00:30:27,994 --> 00:30:31,947 when they were ushering Vice President Johnson 537 00:30:32,031 --> 00:30:33,415 out of the emergency room. 538 00:30:33,499 --> 00:30:36,751 He was rushed to Air Force One. 539 00:30:36,835 --> 00:30:41,056 Mr. and Mrs. Johnson hurried out of the emergency ward, 540 00:30:41,140 --> 00:30:42,757 surrounded by Secret Service men, 541 00:30:42,841 --> 00:30:45,961 and were rushed off to the airport. 542 00:30:46,045 --> 00:30:47,162 I think they wanted him 543 00:30:47,246 --> 00:30:48,864 out of town as quickly as possible. 544 00:30:48,948 --> 00:30:51,233 But he couldn't get out of town as quickly as possible 545 00:30:51,317 --> 00:30:53,368 because he wanted Mrs. Kennedy with him, 546 00:30:53,452 --> 00:30:56,222 and Mrs. Kennedy didn't want to leave the president. 547 00:31:02,628 --> 00:31:05,881 It felt like a bad dream, 548 00:31:05,965 --> 00:31:11,619 and I kept hoping that I would awaken at any minute 549 00:31:11,703 --> 00:31:15,341 and find out that I had just had a horrible nightmare. 550 00:31:17,243 --> 00:31:19,962 Nothing will ever erase the picture 551 00:31:20,046 --> 00:31:22,730 of my one time in the presence 552 00:31:22,814 --> 00:31:25,717 of the president and the first lady. 553 00:31:27,219 --> 00:31:29,371 I went outside the hospital 554 00:31:29,455 --> 00:31:34,109 and stood with the crowd that had gathered. 555 00:31:34,193 --> 00:31:35,978 I didn't say anything. 556 00:31:36,062 --> 00:31:40,048 I felt like an ordinary person 557 00:31:40,132 --> 00:31:43,685 who had great admiration 558 00:31:43,769 --> 00:31:46,654 and love and respect for President Kennedy, 559 00:31:46,738 --> 00:31:51,377 and my president had been assassinated and was dead. 560 00:31:54,180 --> 00:31:56,131 This is official word. 561 00:31:56,215 --> 00:31:57,683 We repeat... 562 00:32:07,159 --> 00:32:10,445 The President of the United States is dead. 563 00:32:10,529 --> 00:32:12,981 A flash from Dallas: 564 00:32:13,065 --> 00:32:16,018 two priests who were with President Kennedy say 565 00:32:16,102 --> 00:32:17,519 he is dead. 566 00:32:17,603 --> 00:32:21,189 With the greatest regret, this flash: 567 00:32:21,273 --> 00:32:24,092 two priests who were with President Kennedy say 568 00:32:24,176 --> 00:32:26,612 he has died of bullet wounds. 569 00:32:34,987 --> 00:32:38,540 From Dallas, Texas, the flash, apparently official, 570 00:32:38,624 --> 00:32:40,708 President Kennedy died 571 00:32:40,792 --> 00:32:44,346 at 1:00 p.m. Central Standard Time, 572 00:32:44,430 --> 00:32:47,149 2:00 Eastern Standard Time, 573 00:32:47,233 --> 00:32:49,901 some 38 minutes ago. 574 00:32:57,176 --> 00:33:00,528 We went back upstairs and just kind of sat there 575 00:33:00,612 --> 00:33:03,598 and looked at one another, as if, you know, 576 00:33:03,682 --> 00:33:06,734 did that really happen, or was this a nightmare? 577 00:33:06,818 --> 00:33:10,705 The discussion was up in the operating room lounge 578 00:33:10,789 --> 00:33:14,609 just to try to talk and determine 579 00:33:14,693 --> 00:33:17,712 how Kennedy had been shot and where he had been shot 580 00:33:17,796 --> 00:33:19,814 and with what he had been shot, 581 00:33:19,898 --> 00:33:21,816 how many times had he been shot. 582 00:33:21,900 --> 00:33:24,519 And we were just in the beginning of that 583 00:33:24,603 --> 00:33:26,054 when Dr. Perry got the call 584 00:33:26,138 --> 00:33:28,740 to see if he could come down and meet with the press. 585 00:33:41,720 --> 00:33:44,206 So at the press conference, Dr. Perry, 586 00:33:44,290 --> 00:33:47,142 in describing the wound here, 587 00:33:47,226 --> 00:33:51,213 said that he thought that it looked like an entrance wound. 588 00:33:51,297 --> 00:33:53,881 So we were thinking, there were two wounds. 589 00:33:53,965 --> 00:33:56,484 Had to be an entrance wound and an exit wound. 590 00:33:56,568 --> 00:33:58,586 That was the only way we could put it together. 591 00:33:58,670 --> 00:34:03,058 And so I thought it was an entrance wound. 592 00:34:03,142 --> 00:34:06,694 When he left the room, someone came up to him 593 00:34:06,778 --> 00:34:12,000 who Dr. Perry thought maybe was a Secret Service man. 594 00:34:12,084 --> 00:34:16,438 And he told Dr. Perry, you must never, ever say that 595 00:34:16,522 --> 00:34:18,773 that was an entrance wound again 596 00:34:18,857 --> 00:34:20,408 if you know what's good for you. 597 00:34:22,728 --> 00:34:25,447 We are told that the gunshot wound, 598 00:34:25,531 --> 00:34:26,848 the fatal wound inflicted 599 00:34:26,932 --> 00:34:29,684 on the President of the United States, 600 00:34:29,768 --> 00:34:31,153 entered at the base of the throat 601 00:34:31,237 --> 00:34:35,474 and came out at the base of the neck on the back side. 602 00:35:06,305 --> 00:35:09,023 Inside Trauma Room 1, we have the Parkland doctors 603 00:35:09,107 --> 00:35:11,777 and staff trying to save the president's life. 604 00:35:14,680 --> 00:35:18,566 And they notice and they make note of the fact that 605 00:35:18,650 --> 00:35:21,503 the back of the president's head was missing. 606 00:35:21,587 --> 00:35:23,405 And within three to five hours, 607 00:35:23,489 --> 00:35:27,275 most of the staff at Parkland memorialize their observations 608 00:35:27,359 --> 00:35:31,397 by writing down what, in fact, they observed. 609 00:35:37,102 --> 00:35:40,222 I just wrote on a progress note sheet of paper, 610 00:35:40,306 --> 00:35:42,757 like you would put in a patient's chart. 611 00:35:42,841 --> 00:35:45,444 I just said, this was an entrance wound. 612 00:35:47,679 --> 00:35:49,431 We were asked to turn it in to Dr. Clark, 613 00:35:49,515 --> 00:35:50,965 the chief of neurosurgery, 614 00:35:51,049 --> 00:35:53,601 and I gave it to his secretary. 615 00:35:53,685 --> 00:35:55,437 There was no motive to lie. 616 00:35:55,521 --> 00:35:56,838 They had no interest in anything 617 00:35:56,922 --> 00:35:59,558 other than telling the truth. 618 00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:03,411 The first wound described 619 00:36:03,495 --> 00:36:05,580 was a wound in the back of the head 620 00:36:05,664 --> 00:36:07,949 and would seem to indicate a shot from behind. 621 00:36:08,033 --> 00:36:10,118 But the doctors also said there was a wound 622 00:36:10,202 --> 00:36:12,287 in the throat at the front, which seemed to indicate 623 00:36:12,371 --> 00:36:14,021 a shot from the other direction. 624 00:36:14,105 --> 00:36:18,426 There was no outside influences at all 625 00:36:18,510 --> 00:36:20,728 to tell them what to do or not to do 626 00:36:20,812 --> 00:36:23,731 as it related to their observations. 627 00:36:23,815 --> 00:36:25,833 So we have to say that, if we're dealing 628 00:36:25,917 --> 00:36:28,703 with trustworthy people, the Parkland doctors 629 00:36:28,787 --> 00:36:30,538 are about as trustworthy as you can get. 630 00:36:37,028 --> 00:36:41,849 This is Situation Room relay to wayside. 631 00:36:41,933 --> 00:36:45,787 We have report quoting Mr. Kilduff in Dallas 632 00:36:45,871 --> 00:36:48,956 that the president is dead, 633 00:36:49,040 --> 00:36:52,694 that he died about 35 minutes ago. 634 00:36:52,778 --> 00:36:56,598 Front office desires plane return Washington. 635 00:36:56,682 --> 00:36:59,251 This is Situation Room out. 636 00:37:01,052 --> 00:37:05,673 Dr. Earl Rose, who was the medical examiner at that time, 637 00:37:05,757 --> 00:37:09,477 had requested that the autopsy be done in Dallas County. 638 00:37:09,561 --> 00:37:11,779 I think it was his opinion 639 00:37:11,863 --> 00:37:14,882 that if a murder occurs in Dallas County, 640 00:37:14,966 --> 00:37:17,319 the autopsy is done in Dallas County. 641 00:37:17,403 --> 00:37:19,987 Dr. Rose had been sitting in his office, 642 00:37:20,071 --> 00:37:22,824 which looked out onto a corridor 643 00:37:22,908 --> 00:37:26,261 that led to the exit and the loading dock at Parkland. 644 00:37:26,345 --> 00:37:29,163 And he saw this little procession coming along 645 00:37:29,247 --> 00:37:31,899 down the corridor, heading toward the exit, 646 00:37:31,983 --> 00:37:34,068 and that consisted of the president, 647 00:37:34,152 --> 00:37:36,438 who had now been placed in his coffin, 648 00:37:36,522 --> 00:37:39,106 and Mrs. Kennedy was walking 649 00:37:39,190 --> 00:37:41,443 along the left side of that cart. 650 00:37:41,527 --> 00:37:43,110 Two Secret Service men were 651 00:37:43,194 --> 00:37:45,112 heading up the little procession, 652 00:37:45,196 --> 00:37:49,351 one of whom was carrying a Thompson submachine gun. 653 00:37:49,435 --> 00:37:50,985 Well, when Dr. Rose saw that, 654 00:37:51,069 --> 00:37:53,988 he stepped out of his office into the corridor, 655 00:37:54,072 --> 00:37:57,292 held his hand up to ask them to stop, 656 00:37:57,376 --> 00:37:59,927 because, he said, I'm required by law 657 00:38:00,011 --> 00:38:03,265 to tell you that any murder that's committed 658 00:38:03,349 --> 00:38:06,701 in the state of Texas, the victim must undergo 659 00:38:06,785 --> 00:38:09,571 a postmortem exam in this state. 660 00:38:09,655 --> 00:38:12,006 And they have a loud conversation, 661 00:38:12,090 --> 00:38:16,344 and I hear them saying, we're doing the autopsy here. 662 00:38:16,428 --> 00:38:17,545 This is the state of Texas. 663 00:38:17,629 --> 00:38:19,714 The law is that he has the autopsy. 664 00:38:19,798 --> 00:38:21,316 And the Secret Service says, no way. 665 00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:22,884 We're taking him away. 666 00:38:22,968 --> 00:38:26,388 Then the Secret Service man with the submachine gun 667 00:38:26,472 --> 00:38:29,223 walked slowly over to Dr. Rose 668 00:38:29,307 --> 00:38:32,494 and put his hands underneath his armpits 669 00:38:32,578 --> 00:38:35,162 and gently lifted him up off the floor 670 00:38:35,246 --> 00:38:38,933 and placed him over against the wall of the corridor 671 00:38:39,017 --> 00:38:42,169 and then shook his finger in his face 672 00:38:42,253 --> 00:38:44,572 as if to say, stand out of our way. 673 00:38:44,656 --> 00:38:46,474 And then they turned around 674 00:38:46,558 --> 00:38:50,829 and headed out the rear entrance to the ambulance. 675 00:38:54,165 --> 00:38:57,419 So they were not about to leave the president's body there 676 00:38:57,503 --> 00:38:58,720 for any purpose. 677 00:38:58,804 --> 00:39:00,655 They took him out of Dallas. 678 00:39:00,739 --> 00:39:03,975 Within 30 or 40 minutes, he was gone. 679 00:39:10,281 --> 00:39:12,567 Everything changed as soon as JFK's body 680 00:39:12,651 --> 00:39:15,069 left Parkland Hospital. 681 00:39:15,153 --> 00:39:17,839 So the Parkland physicians were no longer 682 00:39:17,923 --> 00:39:21,292 a part of the story, so that's a problem. 683 00:39:23,395 --> 00:39:26,648 I'm Doug Horne, and, uh, 684 00:39:26,732 --> 00:39:30,217 I was successful in obtaining a job 685 00:39:30,301 --> 00:39:34,956 with the Assassination Records Review Board in 1995. 686 00:39:35,040 --> 00:39:38,326 I was kicked upstairs and became the chief analyst 687 00:39:38,410 --> 00:39:40,695 for military records. 688 00:39:40,779 --> 00:39:42,864 The review board was tasked 689 00:39:42,948 --> 00:39:45,132 with ensuring that proper searches were done 690 00:39:45,216 --> 00:39:47,502 by all the agencies of the government 691 00:39:47,586 --> 00:39:49,287 for assassination records. 692 00:40:05,336 --> 00:40:07,855 This country has not been told the truth 693 00:40:07,939 --> 00:40:10,291 about the JFK assassination. 694 00:40:10,375 --> 00:40:12,994 This is why I decided I wanted to go work 695 00:40:13,078 --> 00:40:15,129 for the Review Board. 696 00:40:15,213 --> 00:40:18,199 The Parkland observations that I think constitute 697 00:40:18,283 --> 00:40:19,967 some of the very best evidence we have 698 00:40:20,051 --> 00:40:23,137 of what really happened to President Kennedy. 699 00:40:23,221 --> 00:40:26,107 Some of the Parkland doctors believe, 700 00:40:26,191 --> 00:40:28,610 based on what they saw in Trauma Room 1, 701 00:40:28,694 --> 00:40:31,679 that President Kennedy was shot from the front. 702 00:40:31,763 --> 00:40:37,485 They have not deviated from what they observed in 1963, 703 00:40:37,569 --> 00:40:39,387 60 years ago. 704 00:40:39,471 --> 00:40:41,255 Well, the Parkland doctors are the first ones 705 00:40:41,339 --> 00:40:43,391 that saw the president when he came in. 706 00:40:43,475 --> 00:40:44,759 They saw his body. 707 00:40:44,843 --> 00:40:46,428 And the observation, for the most part, 708 00:40:46,512 --> 00:40:48,596 is that there was a large head wound in the rear 709 00:40:48,680 --> 00:40:51,666 and there was an entry wound in the throat. 710 00:40:51,750 --> 00:40:54,168 This is the prevailing wisdom 711 00:40:54,252 --> 00:40:57,104 coming out of Parkland that day. 712 00:40:57,188 --> 00:41:00,074 My name is Matt Crumpton, and I am an attorney. 713 00:41:00,158 --> 00:41:03,144 So I've got a background in looking at evidence 714 00:41:03,228 --> 00:41:04,546 and analyzing it. 715 00:41:04,630 --> 00:41:07,248 And I was always interested in the case, 716 00:41:07,332 --> 00:41:09,451 where I started to do a deep dive 717 00:41:09,535 --> 00:41:12,386 in the same way that a jury would look at a case. 718 00:41:12,470 --> 00:41:14,321 And years later, 719 00:41:14,405 --> 00:41:16,791 I continued to look at it as the case progressed, 720 00:41:16,875 --> 00:41:18,059 more and more records came out. 721 00:41:21,046 --> 00:41:23,698 This is a beast of a subject. There are people 722 00:41:23,782 --> 00:41:25,332 who have spent their whole lives doing this. 723 00:41:25,416 --> 00:41:28,536 And Doug Horne was very, very involved 724 00:41:28,620 --> 00:41:30,404 in the granular details. 725 00:41:30,488 --> 00:41:33,508 He's had access to, you know, information 726 00:41:33,592 --> 00:41:36,544 that the vast majority of people in this case 727 00:41:36,628 --> 00:41:38,112 have not had access to. 728 00:41:38,196 --> 00:41:41,182 I think the medical evidence in the Kennedy assassination 729 00:41:41,266 --> 00:41:43,150 is the most enduring mystery. 730 00:41:43,234 --> 00:41:45,487 And if you're a person like me 731 00:41:45,571 --> 00:41:47,822 who has studied it for decades, 732 00:41:47,906 --> 00:41:49,557 you certainly think it's probably 733 00:41:49,641 --> 00:41:51,626 the most interesting evidence 734 00:41:51,710 --> 00:41:54,829 because it's fraught with conflict and contradiction, 735 00:41:54,913 --> 00:41:57,098 and there are some real mysteries 736 00:41:57,182 --> 00:41:58,466 to try to unravel here. 737 00:42:01,219 --> 00:42:04,138 And the only way to do that is to go issue by issue. 738 00:42:04,222 --> 00:42:06,574 So we start with the body. 739 00:42:09,695 --> 00:42:12,847 Parkland was stunned by what happened 740 00:42:12,931 --> 00:42:15,783 when the Secret Service, essentially, 741 00:42:15,867 --> 00:42:18,319 takes a body out of town. 742 00:42:18,403 --> 00:42:21,472 They didn't expect that to happen. 743 00:42:23,909 --> 00:42:26,293 When it comes to matters of national security, 744 00:42:26,377 --> 00:42:29,430 they step on the toes of the state government all the time. 745 00:42:29,514 --> 00:42:32,634 So even if it wasn't a conspiracy, 746 00:42:32,718 --> 00:42:35,737 the federal government wanted to have absolute control 747 00:42:35,821 --> 00:42:38,940 over the body of the President of the United States. 748 00:42:39,024 --> 00:42:40,642 They don't care what some county coroner 749 00:42:40,726 --> 00:42:43,377 in Dallas says to them. 750 00:42:43,461 --> 00:42:45,947 The Secret Service knew that it was going to move the body 751 00:42:46,031 --> 00:42:48,115 to Washington for the autopsy. 752 00:42:48,199 --> 00:42:50,985 That was their intention right away. 753 00:42:51,069 --> 00:42:54,255 Washington, D.C. was controlling the narrative 754 00:42:54,339 --> 00:42:58,610 on what had happened to JFK in Dealey Plaza. 755 00:43:17,195 --> 00:43:20,214 Mrs. John F. Kennedy left the hospital 756 00:43:20,298 --> 00:43:21,683 at approximately the same time 757 00:43:21,767 --> 00:43:24,451 the coffin carrying the body of her husband left. 758 00:43:24,535 --> 00:43:27,555 The coffin went to a private air installation 759 00:43:27,639 --> 00:43:29,741 at Dallas's Love Field. 760 00:43:30,876 --> 00:43:34,428 Lyndon Johnson actually told Kennedy's press secretary, 761 00:43:34,512 --> 00:43:36,631 Malcolm Kilduff, at the hospital 762 00:43:36,715 --> 00:43:39,200 that he wanted to get out of there as soon as possible 763 00:43:39,284 --> 00:43:42,336 because he didn't know if the Russians were behind this 764 00:43:42,420 --> 00:43:44,471 and it was an international conspiracy 765 00:43:44,555 --> 00:43:46,007 and that he was in danger and they were trying 766 00:43:46,091 --> 00:43:48,142 to take down the whole government. 767 00:43:48,226 --> 00:43:50,544 There was Lyndon Johnson running around on the floor, 768 00:43:50,628 --> 00:43:52,647 saying, "There's been a conspiracy! 769 00:43:52,731 --> 00:43:55,482 I gotta get out to Air Force One right away." 770 00:43:55,566 --> 00:43:57,418 At the time JFK was assassinated, 771 00:43:57,502 --> 00:44:00,588 it's just the height of the Cold War. 772 00:44:00,672 --> 00:44:03,725 Our goal is not the victory of might, 773 00:44:03,809 --> 00:44:05,960 but the vindication of right, 774 00:44:06,044 --> 00:44:08,696 not peace at the expense of freedom, 775 00:44:08,780 --> 00:44:10,497 but both peace and freedom. 776 00:44:10,581 --> 00:44:14,669 So the biggest fear was, was the USSR involved? 777 00:44:14,753 --> 00:44:17,171 Did they play a role in the assassination? 778 00:44:17,255 --> 00:44:21,108 That's what was on everyone's mind. 779 00:44:21,192 --> 00:44:22,877 Vice President Johnson is expected 780 00:44:22,961 --> 00:44:26,013 to be sworn in as president aboard an airliner 781 00:44:26,097 --> 00:44:29,116 before flying back to the nation's capital. 782 00:44:29,200 --> 00:44:30,685 The bronze casket was put 783 00:44:30,769 --> 00:44:33,187 on Air Force One, the president's plane, 784 00:44:33,271 --> 00:44:36,307 where the swearing in ceremonies were held. 785 00:44:39,044 --> 00:44:41,128 Lyndon B. Johnson has been sworn in 786 00:44:41,212 --> 00:44:42,596 as the President of the United States. 787 00:44:55,927 --> 00:44:59,731 The body will go to Bethesda Naval Hospital, we are told. 788 00:45:02,801 --> 00:45:07,088 Once that body was placed on the airplane at Love Field, 789 00:45:07,172 --> 00:45:09,056 everything changed, 790 00:45:09,140 --> 00:45:11,893 and the federal government controlled the narrative 791 00:45:11,977 --> 00:45:13,527 that was given to the American people 792 00:45:13,611 --> 00:45:15,129 about what had happened. 793 00:45:20,318 --> 00:45:23,070 I went home and told my wife what happened 794 00:45:23,154 --> 00:45:27,074 and started being in shock, 795 00:45:27,158 --> 00:45:28,876 staying in shock. 796 00:45:28,960 --> 00:45:30,311 I started watching television. 797 00:45:30,395 --> 00:45:32,346 I watched every bit of what was going on. 798 00:45:32,430 --> 00:45:34,115 I couldn't believe that, indeed, 799 00:45:34,199 --> 00:45:36,217 I was a part of that. 800 00:45:36,301 --> 00:45:38,519 I really hadn't realized 801 00:45:38,603 --> 00:45:41,055 that this had been on television. 802 00:45:41,139 --> 00:45:43,457 And that's when I realized that everybody 803 00:45:43,541 --> 00:45:46,127 in the world knew about it by that time. 804 00:45:46,211 --> 00:45:47,829 Walter Cronkite was following it. 805 00:45:47,913 --> 00:45:50,364 Everybody around the world was following it. 806 00:45:50,448 --> 00:45:53,400 In Dallas, a suspect in a Dallas theater 807 00:45:53,484 --> 00:45:55,469 pulled a gun, shot one policeman, 808 00:45:55,553 --> 00:45:57,872 wounded another, and-- but was captured. 809 00:45:57,956 --> 00:46:00,942 And when he was captured, he yelled, "It's all over now," 810 00:46:01,026 --> 00:46:02,276 and screaming hysterically, 811 00:46:02,360 --> 00:46:05,046 was taken into custody by the police. 812 00:46:08,733 --> 00:46:11,618 The man has been identified as Lee H. Oswald. 813 00:46:11,702 --> 00:46:14,555 Lee Harvey Oswald had been arrested, 814 00:46:14,639 --> 00:46:16,523 and so we were beginning to try 815 00:46:16,607 --> 00:46:18,359 to put some of this together, 816 00:46:18,443 --> 00:46:20,627 because when I went home that afternoon, 817 00:46:20,711 --> 00:46:23,597 I didn't know anything about Lee Harvey Oswald 818 00:46:23,681 --> 00:46:27,234 and that he was the accused assassin. 819 00:46:27,318 --> 00:46:28,402 The man was brought immediately 820 00:46:28,486 --> 00:46:30,437 to police headquarters. 821 00:46:30,521 --> 00:46:32,974 That man said to have been an employee of the building 822 00:46:33,058 --> 00:46:35,709 from which the shot is believed to have come. 823 00:46:35,793 --> 00:46:39,380 This is 24-year-old Lee H. Oswald. 824 00:46:39,464 --> 00:46:41,348 Now, here is the gun 825 00:46:41,432 --> 00:46:44,502 that police say was used to kill the president. 826 00:46:46,271 --> 00:46:47,721 No, I have not been charged with that. 827 00:46:47,805 --> 00:46:50,324 In fact, nobody has said that to me yet. 828 00:46:50,408 --> 00:46:51,658 The first thing I heard about it was 829 00:46:51,742 --> 00:46:55,396 when the newspaper reporters in the hall, uh, 830 00:46:55,480 --> 00:46:57,765 asked me that question. 831 00:46:57,849 --> 00:46:59,801 Within an hour of the assassination, 832 00:46:59,885 --> 00:47:01,302 Oswald was arrested, 833 00:47:01,386 --> 00:47:03,370 and it was all across the media 834 00:47:03,454 --> 00:47:05,773 that Oswald was the shooter, 835 00:47:05,857 --> 00:47:07,741 firing three shots from behind, 836 00:47:07,825 --> 00:47:09,210 hitting President Kennedy 837 00:47:09,294 --> 00:47:10,978 and then Governor John Connally. 838 00:47:11,062 --> 00:47:14,148 And it makes sense that it's Oswald because he worked 839 00:47:14,232 --> 00:47:16,450 at the Texas School Book Depository. 840 00:47:16,534 --> 00:47:20,305 So, I mean, you've got to take a really close look at Oswald. 841 00:47:22,607 --> 00:47:25,026 In Dallas, Texas, three shots were fired 842 00:47:25,110 --> 00:47:28,629 at President Kennedy's motorcade in downtown Dallas. 843 00:47:28,713 --> 00:47:33,267 News media said that Lee Harvey Oswald was 844 00:47:33,351 --> 00:47:36,321 the lone assassin, case closed. 845 00:47:43,494 --> 00:47:46,680 And as we know, it was not case closed 846 00:47:46,764 --> 00:47:48,916 at that particular point. 847 00:47:55,941 --> 00:47:58,192 It was a 2 hour and 13 minute flight 848 00:47:58,276 --> 00:48:01,195 to get from Dallas, Texas, to Andrews Air Force Base 849 00:48:01,279 --> 00:48:03,481 south of Washington, D.C. 850 00:48:24,869 --> 00:48:27,621 The Secret Service, in the White House Situation Room, 851 00:48:27,705 --> 00:48:29,991 ordered that the autopsy be done 852 00:48:30,075 --> 00:48:31,692 at Bethesda Naval Hospital. 853 00:48:31,776 --> 00:48:35,362 And here is-- here is the plane now. 854 00:48:35,446 --> 00:48:37,231 Made the flight back from Dallas. 855 00:48:44,355 --> 00:48:47,474 What you see is a special truck that has been moved up 856 00:48:47,558 --> 00:48:49,911 to the rear of the presidential jet 857 00:48:49,995 --> 00:48:53,915 on which the coffin will be brought out. 858 00:48:53,999 --> 00:48:58,819 Casket is dark brown in color, slightly reddish. 859 00:48:58,903 --> 00:49:05,076 A Navy ambulance is being drawn up just near the truck. 860 00:49:06,044 --> 00:49:10,531 Behind the casket is Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy. 861 00:49:10,615 --> 00:49:13,800 To her right is her brother-in-law, 862 00:49:13,884 --> 00:49:16,670 the Attorney General Robert Kennedy. 863 00:49:16,754 --> 00:49:23,144 Mrs. Kennedy is apparently getting into the ambulance. 864 00:49:23,228 --> 00:49:28,249 And the Navy ambulance moves off with the casket. 865 00:49:28,333 --> 00:49:31,152 Now being dramatized here at Andrews Air Force Base 866 00:49:31,236 --> 00:49:33,487 as the new president addresses the microphones. 867 00:49:33,571 --> 00:49:34,821 Ladies and gentlemen, 868 00:49:34,905 --> 00:49:37,324 the President of the United States. 869 00:49:37,408 --> 00:49:40,928 I will do my best. 870 00:49:41,012 --> 00:49:44,932 That is all I can do. 871 00:49:45,016 --> 00:49:49,854 I ask for your help and God's. 872 00:49:53,458 --> 00:49:56,110 So at 6:20, Lyndon leaves. 873 00:49:56,194 --> 00:49:57,711 At 6:21, the lights go out, 874 00:49:57,795 --> 00:49:59,780 and there's no more TV coverage. 875 00:49:59,864 --> 00:50:01,348 And so it would have been after that 876 00:50:01,432 --> 00:50:02,984 that the president's body, 877 00:50:03,068 --> 00:50:05,987 either in sheets or a body bag--it's unclear-- 878 00:50:06,071 --> 00:50:07,989 would have been placed in a helicopter 879 00:50:08,073 --> 00:50:10,691 and quickly flown to Bethesda Naval Hospital. 880 00:50:10,775 --> 00:50:12,693 This is Doug Horne's theory, 881 00:50:12,777 --> 00:50:16,663 that the body was switched out of the bronze casket 882 00:50:16,747 --> 00:50:20,334 on the plane and put into a shipping casket. 883 00:50:20,418 --> 00:50:23,971 And so the bronze casket is taken to Bethesda 884 00:50:24,055 --> 00:50:27,708 in the ambulance with Jackie and RFK in it. 885 00:50:27,792 --> 00:50:29,510 But that casket is actually empty, 886 00:50:29,594 --> 00:50:30,777 is what the theory says. 887 00:50:35,500 --> 00:50:37,151 The Secret Service decided, 888 00:50:37,235 --> 00:50:39,720 while the plane was en route to Washington, 889 00:50:39,804 --> 00:50:41,855 that the body would go by helicopter. 890 00:50:41,939 --> 00:50:44,825 Now, the shipping casket arrived 20 minutes 891 00:50:44,909 --> 00:50:47,928 before the Dallas bronze casket to Bethesda. 892 00:50:48,012 --> 00:50:51,132 This is a-- this is a shell game. 893 00:50:51,216 --> 00:50:54,468 Now, this is obviously a very controversial theory. 894 00:50:54,552 --> 00:50:56,603 The idea is that the body arrived 895 00:50:56,687 --> 00:50:59,240 20 minutes early to Bethesda. 896 00:51:05,196 --> 00:51:07,781 Sergeant Boyajian and his Marines were sent 897 00:51:07,865 --> 00:51:11,252 to Bethesda to provide physical security 898 00:51:11,336 --> 00:51:12,837 for the president's autopsy. 899 00:51:17,742 --> 00:51:21,928 And he wrote that the casket arrived at 1835 hours. 900 00:51:22,012 --> 00:51:26,433 That's military time for 6:35 p.m. 901 00:51:26,517 --> 00:51:30,271 And when the motorcade arrived at 6:55, 902 00:51:30,355 --> 00:51:33,707 Secret Service agents recorded that time in their reports, 903 00:51:33,791 --> 00:51:35,442 and all the newspapermen recorded 904 00:51:35,526 --> 00:51:36,843 that time in their reports. 905 00:51:36,927 --> 00:51:38,979 So these two times are firmly established. 906 00:51:39,063 --> 00:51:42,183 The primary documents that are relied on 907 00:51:42,267 --> 00:51:45,703 for this assertion would be the Boyajian report. 908 00:51:47,438 --> 00:51:49,890 I think it makes this not a crazy thing. 909 00:51:49,974 --> 00:51:52,693 The person who was in charge of the working party, 910 00:51:52,777 --> 00:51:55,296 who off-loaded the shipping casket at 6:35, 911 00:51:55,380 --> 00:51:57,264 was Petty Officer Dennis David. 912 00:51:57,348 --> 00:52:01,368 As I recall, it was a black, unmarked ambulance. 913 00:52:01,452 --> 00:52:04,538 And we off-loaded a casket, 914 00:52:04,622 --> 00:52:06,973 and it was carried into the autopsy room. 915 00:52:07,057 --> 00:52:11,612 This casket is a plain, gray box, 916 00:52:11,696 --> 00:52:13,980 if you will, a metal box. 917 00:52:14,064 --> 00:52:15,449 Anybody who's ever been to Vietnam 918 00:52:15,533 --> 00:52:17,451 would know what I'm talking about. 919 00:52:17,535 --> 00:52:19,120 We shipped hundreds of bodies out of there 920 00:52:19,204 --> 00:52:20,387 in the same type of casket. 921 00:52:20,471 --> 00:52:22,456 It's just a plain shipping casket. 922 00:52:22,540 --> 00:52:25,892 It definitely wasn't the fancy casket 923 00:52:25,976 --> 00:52:28,779 that they showed on TV, which I saw later on. 924 00:52:30,147 --> 00:52:34,868 So the question that really matters is, 925 00:52:34,952 --> 00:52:37,604 what happened to President Kennedy's body 926 00:52:37,688 --> 00:52:40,641 at the hospital between the time it really arrived, 927 00:52:40,725 --> 00:52:44,245 6:35 p.m., and the time the official autopsy started, 928 00:52:44,329 --> 00:52:46,480 which was shortly after 8:00? 929 00:52:46,564 --> 00:52:49,150 The theory is that, between 6:30 and 8:00, 930 00:52:49,234 --> 00:52:51,552 the body was physically tampered with... 931 00:52:53,338 --> 00:52:56,089 So that any evidence that would show a front shot, 932 00:52:56,173 --> 00:52:58,625 like the wound here, 933 00:52:58,709 --> 00:53:02,563 any of that evidence would be obscured. 934 00:53:02,647 --> 00:53:04,765 Any shots that aren't consistent 935 00:53:04,849 --> 00:53:06,900 with coming from the sixth floor sniper's nest 936 00:53:06,984 --> 00:53:10,704 at the School Book Depository had to be removed. 937 00:53:10,788 --> 00:53:14,808 Because some of the Parkland doctors believe 938 00:53:14,892 --> 00:53:17,061 that President Kennedy was shot from the front. 939 00:53:18,963 --> 00:53:22,183 By the time JFK's body arrives at Bethesda, 940 00:53:22,267 --> 00:53:25,486 the narrative is clearly that the president was shot 941 00:53:25,570 --> 00:53:28,289 by a lone gunman from above and behind. 942 00:53:28,373 --> 00:53:33,093 And so the body needs to support that narrative. 943 00:53:33,177 --> 00:53:35,496 And one way to support it is to remove 944 00:53:35,580 --> 00:53:37,198 all of the metal in the body 945 00:53:37,282 --> 00:53:40,234 that indicates there was a crossfire. 946 00:53:40,318 --> 00:53:42,887 You're gonna sanitize the crime scene, in effect. 947 00:53:44,221 --> 00:53:47,908 24-year-old Lee Harvey Oswald charged 948 00:53:47,992 --> 00:53:49,776 with the murder of the president. 949 00:53:49,860 --> 00:53:51,245 Oswald was arrested less than two hours 950 00:53:51,329 --> 00:53:52,746 after the president was shot. 951 00:53:52,830 --> 00:53:54,881 Police say Oswald worked in the building from which 952 00:53:54,965 --> 00:53:57,651 the shots that killed the president were fired. 953 00:53:57,735 --> 00:54:00,020 That gun is a powerful military rifle, 954 00:54:00,104 --> 00:54:01,839 which police found in the building. 955 00:54:04,174 --> 00:54:06,927 He has not confessed. He has made no statement. 956 00:54:07,011 --> 00:54:09,730 Charges of murder have been accepted against him. 957 00:54:09,814 --> 00:54:12,666 - I, uh-- - I don't know what this is all about. 958 00:54:12,750 --> 00:54:14,985 Did you shoot the president? 959 00:54:17,254 --> 00:54:19,373 Investigation and arrest 960 00:54:19,457 --> 00:54:22,142 has been rapid, to say the least. 961 00:54:27,197 --> 00:54:29,616 The pathologists for President Kennedy's autopsy 962 00:54:29,700 --> 00:54:31,852 were two Navy pathologists, 963 00:54:31,936 --> 00:54:33,887 Commander James J. Humes 964 00:54:33,971 --> 00:54:37,391 and Commander J. Thornton Boswell. 965 00:54:37,475 --> 00:54:40,927 Humes and Boswell were not very well versed at all 966 00:54:41,011 --> 00:54:42,229 on gunshots. 967 00:54:42,313 --> 00:54:44,398 They had not done many gunshots at all. 968 00:54:44,482 --> 00:54:48,502 The problem is, they weren't forensic pathologists. 969 00:54:48,586 --> 00:54:50,637 They were people that would do an autopsy 970 00:54:50,721 --> 00:54:52,939 if your aunt died of a heart attack, 971 00:54:53,023 --> 00:54:55,809 not a high-level government official 972 00:54:55,893 --> 00:54:57,911 that gets shot in the head, 973 00:54:57,995 --> 00:54:59,546 where you need to know the entrance wound, 974 00:54:59,630 --> 00:55:01,147 the exit wound, the bullet path, 975 00:55:01,231 --> 00:55:04,451 so you can determine later whence the bullets came. 976 00:55:04,535 --> 00:55:06,052 It is hard to believe that 977 00:55:06,136 --> 00:55:08,121 you've got the President of the United States, 978 00:55:08,205 --> 00:55:11,592 and the autopsy is going to be done 979 00:55:11,676 --> 00:55:14,795 by no practicing forensic pathologists. 980 00:55:14,879 --> 00:55:17,898 I believe that Humes and Boswell 981 00:55:17,982 --> 00:55:20,701 were chosen to do the autopsy 982 00:55:20,785 --> 00:55:23,904 because they were under military control. 983 00:55:23,988 --> 00:55:25,739 The results of the autopsy could be 984 00:55:25,823 --> 00:55:28,008 controlled by the military, 985 00:55:28,092 --> 00:55:30,628 which means controlled by the federal government. 986 00:55:32,563 --> 00:55:35,248 James Jenkins was a hospital corpsman 987 00:55:35,332 --> 00:55:37,150 who was assisting with the autopsy, 988 00:55:37,234 --> 00:55:41,154 and he's on record saying that he believed 989 00:55:41,238 --> 00:55:44,642 that the military was really in control of the autopsy. 990 00:55:46,677 --> 00:55:49,129 There's so many people that are now gone. 991 00:55:49,213 --> 00:55:51,698 You know, when I'm gone, there will be nobody else 992 00:55:51,782 --> 00:55:53,884 from the autopsy team at all. 993 00:55:56,487 --> 00:56:02,309 It was my job to do for them what they requested 994 00:56:02,393 --> 00:56:06,780 without actually being told to do it every time. 995 00:56:06,864 --> 00:56:10,351 So my focus was on 996 00:56:10,435 --> 00:56:12,753 exactly what was going on at that table, 997 00:56:12,837 --> 00:56:15,155 doing what I was asked to do, 998 00:56:15,239 --> 00:56:16,957 listening to what they were doing, 999 00:56:17,041 --> 00:56:19,910 and anticipating a request. 1000 00:56:22,947 --> 00:56:25,231 In those days, the military was, 1001 00:56:25,315 --> 00:56:28,134 if you were told to do something, you did it, 1002 00:56:28,218 --> 00:56:29,202 or else. 1003 00:56:29,286 --> 00:56:31,705 And the "or else" was not pleasant. 1004 00:56:31,789 --> 00:56:33,907 Military doctors follow orders. 1005 00:56:33,991 --> 00:56:35,476 If you don't, your career is over. 1006 00:56:35,560 --> 00:56:38,979 I believe that Humes and Boswell received 1007 00:56:39,063 --> 00:56:40,547 a very firm set of instructions 1008 00:56:40,631 --> 00:56:44,751 before President Kennedy's body arrived at 6:35. 1009 00:56:44,835 --> 00:56:47,988 You will not report shots from the front. 1010 00:56:48,072 --> 00:56:50,691 You will only report shots from behind. 1011 00:56:50,775 --> 00:56:52,993 We already have a man arrested. 1012 00:56:53,077 --> 00:56:54,895 That's the way it has to be. 1013 00:56:54,979 --> 00:56:57,364 You'll be doing a patriotic duty for your country. 1014 00:56:57,448 --> 00:56:59,400 They're engaged in a charade. 1015 00:56:59,484 --> 00:57:03,570 The charade is to pretend like you're doing a real autopsy 1016 00:57:03,654 --> 00:57:05,205 and come up with results that say 1017 00:57:05,289 --> 00:57:07,273 there was one shooter from above and behind 1018 00:57:07,357 --> 00:57:10,444 and there were no gunmen from the front. 1019 00:57:10,528 --> 00:57:12,946 Humes had one paramount task he had to perform 1020 00:57:13,030 --> 00:57:15,281 before the autopsy began at 8:00 1021 00:57:15,365 --> 00:57:18,051 That was to remove President Kennedy's brain 1022 00:57:18,135 --> 00:57:21,755 and remove any evidence 1023 00:57:21,839 --> 00:57:24,057 in the form of shots from the front. 1024 00:57:24,141 --> 00:57:25,959 So in any standard autopsy, 1025 00:57:26,043 --> 00:57:27,861 when there's a gunshot wound involved, 1026 00:57:27,945 --> 00:57:30,664 the tracks of the wounds would be dissected 1027 00:57:30,748 --> 00:57:32,933 so that we could see the trajectory 1028 00:57:33,017 --> 00:57:36,570 and see where the bullet actually went within the body. 1029 00:57:36,654 --> 00:57:40,240 After Dr. Humes removed President Kennedy's brain 1030 00:57:40,324 --> 00:57:42,876 to take out all the bullet fragments he could find, 1031 00:57:42,960 --> 00:57:44,911 he then put the brain back in the head 1032 00:57:44,995 --> 00:57:47,714 so that it could be inside the body 1033 00:57:47,798 --> 00:57:50,016 at the beginning of the 8:00 autopsy. 1034 00:57:50,100 --> 00:57:53,854 There were no metal fragments, 1035 00:57:53,938 --> 00:57:57,658 no bullets, no partial bullets, 1036 00:57:57,742 --> 00:58:01,227 anything of significance that were found. 1037 00:58:08,886 --> 00:58:11,605 It was very tense that night. 1038 00:58:11,689 --> 00:58:13,373 The atmosphere was very tense. 1039 00:58:13,457 --> 00:58:17,043 And it was not so much the fact is 1040 00:58:17,127 --> 00:58:19,913 that the president had been assassinated. 1041 00:58:19,997 --> 00:58:23,917 It was a contention between the military officers 1042 00:58:24,001 --> 00:58:26,019 that Dr. Humes had come in with 1043 00:58:26,103 --> 00:58:28,021 and Dr. Humes himself. 1044 00:58:28,105 --> 00:58:29,790 He was constantly being called back 1045 00:58:29,874 --> 00:58:32,292 to talk to one of the people. 1046 00:58:32,376 --> 00:58:33,560 It was jam-packed. 1047 00:58:33,644 --> 00:58:35,228 It was very hysterical. 1048 00:58:35,312 --> 00:58:37,948 We were interfered with constantly, yes. 1049 00:58:55,165 --> 00:58:59,385 When I got to review the autopsy report, 1050 00:58:59,469 --> 00:59:03,089 the x-rays, and most significantly, 1051 00:59:03,173 --> 00:59:05,091 the photographs that were taken, 1052 00:59:05,175 --> 00:59:08,061 it was the first time that I really cried, 1053 00:59:08,145 --> 00:59:09,329 had tears in my eyes, 1054 00:59:09,413 --> 00:59:12,866 because he was such a young person, 1055 00:59:12,950 --> 00:59:14,400 had done so much for the country, 1056 00:59:14,484 --> 00:59:18,605 and was just taken out of the prime of his life. 1057 00:59:18,689 --> 00:59:20,273 My name is Michael Baden. 1058 00:59:20,357 --> 00:59:24,410 I am a physician and forensic pathologist. 1059 00:59:24,494 --> 00:59:30,483 And I was asked to head the forensic pathology unit 1060 00:59:30,567 --> 00:59:34,287 that would investigate the autopsy findings. 1061 00:59:34,371 --> 00:59:37,357 The House Select Committee on Assassinations 1062 00:59:37,441 --> 00:59:40,260 investigation took place 15 years 1063 00:59:40,344 --> 00:59:43,029 after the death of President Kennedy. 1064 00:59:43,113 --> 00:59:46,166 And in the course of our investigation, 1065 00:59:46,250 --> 00:59:50,270 the bottom line was, we determined that 1066 00:59:50,354 --> 00:59:53,707 President Kennedy had been struck 1067 00:59:53,791 --> 00:59:56,276 by two bullets from behind 1068 00:59:56,360 --> 00:59:59,412 and only two bullets from behind. 1069 00:59:59,496 --> 01:00:01,548 I simply cannot agree with his reasoning 1070 01:00:01,632 --> 01:00:06,086 because he had to overrule and abandon 1071 01:00:06,170 --> 01:00:08,521 the personal observations of the Parkland doctors, 1072 01:00:08,605 --> 01:00:11,257 who said there was a large exit wound 1073 01:00:11,341 --> 01:00:12,893 in the right rear of the head. 1074 01:00:12,977 --> 01:00:15,395 He examined photographs of the brain, 1075 01:00:15,479 --> 01:00:17,864 and when Dr. Baden noted that there was no damage 1076 01:00:17,948 --> 01:00:20,100 to the right cerebellum. 1077 01:00:20,184 --> 01:00:25,005 The central conclusions were unanimously agreed to 1078 01:00:25,089 --> 01:00:27,992 by eight of the panel members. 1079 01:00:31,561 --> 01:00:35,448 Bethesda was kind of a secret autopsy. 1080 01:00:35,532 --> 01:00:38,619 The people doing the autopsy were not trained. 1081 01:00:38,703 --> 01:00:41,487 And then the many politicians and other people 1082 01:00:41,571 --> 01:00:44,024 who were there were not knowledgeable 1083 01:00:44,108 --> 01:00:46,092 about how an autopsy should be done. 1084 01:00:50,547 --> 01:00:53,734 I agree with Dr. Baden about one thing. 1085 01:00:53,818 --> 01:00:58,588 The autopsy was under the thumb of military authority. 1086 01:01:05,062 --> 01:01:07,781 Jim Jenkins saw Dr. Humes remove the brain 1087 01:01:07,865 --> 01:01:12,953 shortly after 8:00, at which point Dr. Humes says, 1088 01:01:13,037 --> 01:01:14,688 "The brain's fallen out in my hands." 1089 01:01:14,772 --> 01:01:17,590 You know, it almost fell out in his hand. 1090 01:01:17,674 --> 01:01:20,060 And at that time, I noticed 1091 01:01:20,144 --> 01:01:23,063 the brain stem hadn't been torn, 1092 01:01:23,147 --> 01:01:24,765 it had been severed. 1093 01:01:24,849 --> 01:01:27,400 But it had been severed on two different sides. 1094 01:01:27,484 --> 01:01:29,569 So I just assumed that the bullet had severed 1095 01:01:29,653 --> 01:01:32,472 the brain stem, and I was a little surprised 1096 01:01:32,556 --> 01:01:36,409 when I saw that it had been actually surgically cut. 1097 01:01:36,493 --> 01:01:40,280 Jim Jenkins' opinion was that this brain must have 1098 01:01:40,364 --> 01:01:43,016 been removed earlier that evening. 1099 01:01:43,100 --> 01:01:46,653 The audience was extremely disturbed by this, 1100 01:01:46,737 --> 01:01:49,155 to the point where Dr. Humes, I think, panicked. 1101 01:01:49,239 --> 01:01:52,358 And so he announced that it's apparent 1102 01:01:52,442 --> 01:01:53,994 there's been surgery of the head area. 1103 01:01:54,078 --> 01:01:56,362 And at this point, Dr. Boswell looks up 1104 01:01:56,446 --> 01:01:58,231 and says to the gallery in the morgue, 1105 01:01:58,315 --> 01:02:00,100 "Was there surgery in Dallas?" 1106 01:02:00,184 --> 01:02:02,068 So he's playing along with Humes. 1107 01:02:02,152 --> 01:02:03,770 These guys knew there was no surgery in Dallas. 1108 01:02:03,854 --> 01:02:05,005 They did it themselves. 1109 01:02:05,089 --> 01:02:07,841 So the FBI agents heard him say that 1110 01:02:07,925 --> 01:02:09,593 and put it in their written report. 1111 01:02:14,431 --> 01:02:16,416 It was just a real short statement. 1112 01:02:16,500 --> 01:02:20,670 Humes said, "There's been a surgery in the head area." 1113 01:02:22,206 --> 01:02:24,490 They're just literally saying what Dr. Humes said, 1114 01:02:24,574 --> 01:02:27,193 which is, it appears there was surgery done. 1115 01:02:27,277 --> 01:02:29,930 So the question is, what does that mean? 1116 01:02:30,014 --> 01:02:32,766 And that goes into the theory of body alteration 1117 01:02:32,850 --> 01:02:36,169 to obscure any evidence that would lead them 1118 01:02:36,253 --> 01:02:39,072 to the conclusion of shots from the front 1119 01:02:39,156 --> 01:02:41,507 or from any other direction. 1120 01:02:41,591 --> 01:02:44,277 The third pathologist was a forensic pathologist. 1121 01:02:44,361 --> 01:02:47,147 This is Pierre Finck, from the Army. 1122 01:02:47,231 --> 01:02:48,548 But generally, he wasn't 1123 01:02:48,632 --> 01:02:51,101 conducting autopsies himself either. 1124 01:02:52,837 --> 01:02:55,421 Dr. Humes and Dr. Finck, 1125 01:02:55,505 --> 01:02:57,741 they began to examine the head. 1126 01:03:02,913 --> 01:03:05,198 And they found a wound. 1127 01:03:05,282 --> 01:03:08,068 It was on the right side of the head. 1128 01:03:08,152 --> 01:03:12,438 It was slightly above the ear and forward of the ear, 1129 01:03:12,522 --> 01:03:14,607 just barely in the hairline. 1130 01:03:14,691 --> 01:03:18,111 I thought he was shot from the front 1131 01:03:18,195 --> 01:03:21,247 because entrance wounds are small 1132 01:03:21,331 --> 01:03:24,050 and exit wounds are large. 1133 01:03:24,134 --> 01:03:26,186 And it was a small wound. 1134 01:03:26,270 --> 01:03:28,721 And Dr. Finck made a comment, 1135 01:03:28,805 --> 01:03:31,257 "That probably was from a bullet." 1136 01:03:31,341 --> 01:03:33,226 That was the wound they were examining 1137 01:03:33,310 --> 01:03:35,595 when Dr. Humes was called to talk 1138 01:03:35,679 --> 01:03:39,632 with the individuals in the gallery. 1139 01:03:39,716 --> 01:03:42,502 It was just below his hairline, right up here. 1140 01:03:42,586 --> 01:03:45,538 And the entry wound was about the size of a dime. 1141 01:03:45,622 --> 01:03:48,074 It was clearly a wound of entrance, not of exit. 1142 01:03:48,158 --> 01:03:49,910 And he came back. 1143 01:03:49,994 --> 01:03:51,677 And no time during the autopsy 1144 01:03:51,761 --> 01:03:54,447 did they ever go back to this one. 1145 01:03:54,531 --> 01:03:57,583 It was not listed in the official autopsy. 1146 01:03:57,667 --> 01:04:00,086 They never made it into the official record. 1147 01:04:00,170 --> 01:04:02,956 That bullet would have been removed during the surgery. 1148 01:04:03,040 --> 01:04:06,692 The Parkland doctors said that there was an exit wound 1149 01:04:06,776 --> 01:04:09,629 in the back right side of Kennedy's head. 1150 01:04:09,713 --> 01:04:12,432 The entrance wound would have been about here. 1151 01:04:12,516 --> 01:04:15,668 Whereas that's not what the autopsy showed in Bethesda. 1152 01:04:15,752 --> 01:04:19,239 The autopsy report determined that the bullet 1153 01:04:19,323 --> 01:04:21,674 had entered the back of the head 1154 01:04:21,758 --> 01:04:27,080 and exited the right side of the skull. 1155 01:04:27,164 --> 01:04:29,382 And the Parkland doctors thought there was 1156 01:04:29,466 --> 01:04:31,284 a big hole there, but the autopsy showed 1157 01:04:31,368 --> 01:04:34,054 there was just a normal half an inch bullet wound 1158 01:04:34,138 --> 01:04:36,656 in the back of the head. 1159 01:04:36,740 --> 01:04:39,860 I tend to believe what the Parkland doctors said, 1160 01:04:39,944 --> 01:04:42,963 which causes some problems and confusion 1161 01:04:43,047 --> 01:04:44,848 when you go look at the autopsy. 1162 01:04:50,520 --> 01:04:55,141 When President Kennedy arrives at Bethesda, 1163 01:04:55,225 --> 01:04:59,679 Dr. Humes, as normally, looks at the front of the body, 1164 01:04:59,763 --> 01:05:03,183 then turns the body over to examine the back. 1165 01:05:03,267 --> 01:05:06,052 That back wound was located 1166 01:05:06,136 --> 01:05:10,423 right at the top of the shoulder blade back here, 1167 01:05:10,507 --> 01:05:13,159 halfway between the top of that point 1168 01:05:13,243 --> 01:05:15,728 and the spinal column. 1169 01:05:15,812 --> 01:05:19,866 The bullet that goes in the back goes in a few inches, 1170 01:05:19,950 --> 01:05:22,903 and Dr. Humes probed it, 1171 01:05:22,987 --> 01:05:25,471 which you're not supposed to do with bullet wounds 1172 01:05:25,555 --> 01:05:27,407 because you can make artificial tracks. 1173 01:05:27,491 --> 01:05:30,610 Dr. Humes could not find any point of exit 1174 01:05:30,694 --> 01:05:32,245 anywhere else in the body. 1175 01:05:32,329 --> 01:05:33,646 In other words, it dead-ended. 1176 01:05:33,730 --> 01:05:36,700 They found that the wound didn't go anywhere. 1177 01:05:39,903 --> 01:05:42,655 They weren't really interested, it seems, that-- 1178 01:05:42,739 --> 01:05:47,327 on how it happened, where it happened from. 1179 01:05:47,411 --> 01:05:50,396 Nobody had mentioned whether he had got shot 1180 01:05:50,480 --> 01:05:52,749 in the front or the back or the side or what. 1181 01:06:04,528 --> 01:06:06,446 I first saw the neck wound 1182 01:06:06,530 --> 01:06:09,082 when Dr. Boswell and I unwrapped the body. 1183 01:06:09,166 --> 01:06:12,885 It looked like a gaping gash. 1184 01:06:12,969 --> 01:06:14,787 We didn't examine it. 1185 01:06:14,871 --> 01:06:17,290 We were told not to bother with it; 1186 01:06:17,374 --> 01:06:18,491 it was a trach. 1187 01:06:18,575 --> 01:06:20,460 So we didn't examine it. 1188 01:06:20,544 --> 01:06:23,930 Specifically, Pierre Finck was told to stop 1189 01:06:24,014 --> 01:06:25,431 when they were looking at the neck wound. 1190 01:06:25,515 --> 01:06:26,466 It's just a tracheotomy. 1191 01:06:26,550 --> 01:06:27,867 Stop. Move on. 1192 01:06:27,951 --> 01:06:30,636 There was a big, gaping tracheotomy wound 1193 01:06:30,720 --> 01:06:32,138 in the anterior neck. 1194 01:06:32,222 --> 01:06:33,573 They obliterated-- 1195 01:06:33,657 --> 01:06:36,076 literally obliterated that wound. 1196 01:06:36,160 --> 01:06:40,546 The problem is, the first thing that Bethesda didn't do 1197 01:06:40,630 --> 01:06:43,049 was call Parkland Emergency Department 1198 01:06:43,133 --> 01:06:45,769 and ask them, what did you do to the body? 1199 01:06:47,071 --> 01:06:49,622 Had they called us first, 1200 01:06:49,706 --> 01:06:53,559 yes, they would have known that there was a wound in the neck. 1201 01:06:53,643 --> 01:06:55,828 They didn't have all the information. 1202 01:07:01,418 --> 01:07:05,638 That Saturday morning after the assassination on Friday, 1203 01:07:05,722 --> 01:07:08,574 we were just sitting in our office, talking. 1204 01:07:08,658 --> 01:07:11,978 Dr. Perry got a phone call from Washington, 1205 01:07:12,062 --> 01:07:15,281 from Dr. Boswell, one of the pathologists. 1206 01:07:15,365 --> 01:07:20,386 The call was that, we have a rifle injury to the back, 1207 01:07:20,470 --> 01:07:22,855 but we don't see an exit wound. 1208 01:07:22,939 --> 01:07:25,891 And we also have a gunshot wound to the head. 1209 01:07:25,975 --> 01:07:30,530 We didn't know, when we were called from Bethesda, 1210 01:07:30,614 --> 01:07:33,599 that there was a gunshot wound to the back 1211 01:07:33,683 --> 01:07:36,052 just to the right of the midline. 1212 01:07:37,821 --> 01:07:39,839 We didn't know there was a wound in the back 1213 01:07:39,923 --> 01:07:41,974 because after the president died, 1214 01:07:42,058 --> 01:07:44,277 we didn't feel like it was appropriate 1215 01:07:44,361 --> 01:07:46,579 for us to do any more examining 1216 01:07:46,663 --> 01:07:48,181 or turning of the body or whatever. 1217 01:07:48,265 --> 01:07:52,585 The Naval Hospital in Bethesda didn't know 1218 01:07:52,669 --> 01:07:55,021 that there was a wound in the front of the neck 1219 01:07:55,105 --> 01:07:57,223 because Dr. Perry's incision had gone through it, 1220 01:07:57,307 --> 01:07:59,559 and they didn't pick up on the fact that there was 1221 01:07:59,643 --> 01:08:01,761 a little divot in the bottom part of that wound 1222 01:08:01,845 --> 01:08:03,863 that was what we thought was the entrance wound. 1223 01:08:03,947 --> 01:08:08,234 But Bethesda, they said it was their opinion 1224 01:08:08,318 --> 01:08:13,357 that the neck wound came from the back and out the front. 1225 01:08:29,773 --> 01:08:31,991 If the autopsy had been done in Dallas, 1226 01:08:32,075 --> 01:08:34,860 Dr. Rose would have immediately been told that 1227 01:08:34,944 --> 01:08:37,663 that was a wound, and so he could have put that together. 1228 01:08:37,747 --> 01:08:39,465 I just think the clarification would have been 1229 01:08:39,549 --> 01:08:41,601 a little better upfront 1230 01:08:41,685 --> 01:08:43,853 if it had been done in Dallas County. 1231 01:08:46,089 --> 01:08:49,309 So when the Bethesda pathologists called Parkland, 1232 01:08:49,393 --> 01:08:52,578 they both found out something that the other didn't know. 1233 01:08:52,662 --> 01:08:54,780 So the Parkland doctors were not aware 1234 01:08:54,864 --> 01:08:57,417 of the wound in Kennedy's back, 1235 01:08:57,501 --> 01:09:01,254 and the Bethesda autopsy doctors were not aware 1236 01:09:01,338 --> 01:09:05,458 that the tracheotomy was done over an existing wound 1237 01:09:05,542 --> 01:09:06,926 in Kennedy's throat. 1238 01:09:07,010 --> 01:09:08,728 Dr. Humes originally concluded 1239 01:09:08,812 --> 01:09:10,163 one shot to the head from behind 1240 01:09:10,247 --> 01:09:12,232 and one shot in the upper back from behind, 1241 01:09:12,316 --> 01:09:14,066 which did not exit the body. 1242 01:09:14,150 --> 01:09:15,568 He changed his conclusions 1243 01:09:15,652 --> 01:09:18,404 following the phone calls to Dr. Perry 1244 01:09:18,488 --> 01:09:20,973 and decided that a bullet transited 1245 01:09:21,057 --> 01:09:24,144 President Kennedy's body from high in his back 1246 01:09:24,228 --> 01:09:26,746 and came out the throat. 1247 01:09:26,830 --> 01:09:30,150 The problem is that the evidence shows 1248 01:09:30,234 --> 01:09:33,119 that the wound was actually lower and to the right, 1249 01:09:33,203 --> 01:09:35,621 such that the exit wound, if there was one, 1250 01:09:35,705 --> 01:09:37,557 would have been closer to the president's chest. 1251 01:09:37,641 --> 01:09:39,476 It wouldn't have been at his throat. 1252 01:09:43,947 --> 01:09:46,966 So we have to explain this inconsistency somehow. 1253 01:09:47,050 --> 01:09:49,735 This is something that, anyone who's studied the case 1254 01:09:49,819 --> 01:09:51,804 agrees that this is a major issue. 1255 01:09:51,888 --> 01:09:54,740 And it's determined that the Warren Commission's gonna 1256 01:09:54,824 --> 01:09:56,493 figure out what happened. 1257 01:10:00,464 --> 01:10:02,982 President Johnson quickly appointed a commission 1258 01:10:03,066 --> 01:10:05,785 to discover the real facts of the assassination, 1259 01:10:05,869 --> 01:10:08,654 a commission of seven Americans so distinguished 1260 01:10:08,738 --> 01:10:11,557 that their conclusions must be above suspicion, 1261 01:10:11,641 --> 01:10:14,093 or so it was thought. 1262 01:10:14,177 --> 01:10:18,097 My general impression was that the Warren Commission 1263 01:10:18,181 --> 01:10:22,202 was set up perhaps to kind of get this over with. 1264 01:10:22,286 --> 01:10:23,636 I, like many other people, 1265 01:10:23,720 --> 01:10:27,240 thought that this was kind of a slapdash study 1266 01:10:27,324 --> 01:10:30,676 that was done to just kind of cover things up, 1267 01:10:30,760 --> 01:10:33,078 you know, sort of look at what happened 1268 01:10:33,162 --> 01:10:35,080 and make a fairly quick conclusion 1269 01:10:35,164 --> 01:10:37,934 and get it out of the people in the country's minds. 1270 01:10:39,536 --> 01:10:42,522 The Warren Commission did interview the Parkland doctors, 1271 01:10:42,606 --> 01:10:44,357 not all of them, but many of them. 1272 01:10:44,441 --> 01:10:45,691 And they got their perspective, 1273 01:10:45,775 --> 01:10:48,027 including that those doctors thought there was 1274 01:10:48,111 --> 01:10:50,630 an exit wound in the back of the president's head. 1275 01:10:50,714 --> 01:10:52,898 The assassination of President Kennedy was, 1276 01:10:52,982 --> 01:10:56,402 inevitably, a mystery story on a grand scale. 1277 01:10:56,486 --> 01:10:59,104 Parkland Hospital doctors were quoted as saying 1278 01:10:59,188 --> 01:11:00,806 they thought at least one bullet entered 1279 01:11:00,890 --> 01:11:02,842 Mr. Kennedy's neck from the front. 1280 01:11:02,926 --> 01:11:05,345 All this mattered, because if there were 1281 01:11:05,429 --> 01:11:06,946 any shots from the overpass, 1282 01:11:07,030 --> 01:11:09,014 if there were more than three shots, 1283 01:11:09,098 --> 01:11:12,552 then Oswald had to have had an accomplice. 1284 01:11:12,636 --> 01:11:15,120 There were concerns in the United States 1285 01:11:15,204 --> 01:11:19,925 about there being a conspiracy about there being two shooters, 1286 01:11:20,009 --> 01:11:22,061 one shooting President Kennedy, 1287 01:11:22,145 --> 01:11:23,729 one shooting Governor Connally, 1288 01:11:23,813 --> 01:11:25,931 or whether there was a conspiracy, 1289 01:11:26,015 --> 01:11:30,570 be it of Russians or Cubans or Castro 1290 01:11:30,654 --> 01:11:34,123 or some rogue government agency. 1291 01:11:49,873 --> 01:11:51,957 I think the problem is that they're left 1292 01:11:52,041 --> 01:11:56,262 with only two bullets to do all of the damage to two men. 1293 01:11:56,346 --> 01:11:59,299 The known wounds were a shot in the back 1294 01:11:59,383 --> 01:12:00,833 and a shot in the head. 1295 01:12:00,917 --> 01:12:02,935 And they're trying to account for those two wounds, 1296 01:12:03,019 --> 01:12:05,705 plus Governor Connally's wounds, 1297 01:12:05,789 --> 01:12:07,507 with two bullets. 1298 01:12:07,591 --> 01:12:08,874 The only way to do that is 1299 01:12:08,958 --> 01:12:11,176 to have one bullet strike both men. 1300 01:12:11,260 --> 01:12:14,947 So an ambitious junior counselor, Arlen Specter, 1301 01:12:15,031 --> 01:12:17,717 invents the single bullet theory 1302 01:12:17,801 --> 01:12:20,386 to solve a shortage of evidence. 1303 01:12:20,470 --> 01:12:23,323 In the 1960s, Specter gained national attention 1304 01:12:23,407 --> 01:12:25,725 for his work on the Warren Commission, 1305 01:12:25,809 --> 01:12:27,427 investigating the assassination 1306 01:12:27,511 --> 01:12:28,828 of President John F. Kennedy, 1307 01:12:28,912 --> 01:12:31,497 as coauthor of the single bullet theory, 1308 01:12:31,581 --> 01:12:35,318 supporting the belief there was only one shooter involved. 1309 01:12:36,820 --> 01:12:38,738 He decides he wants a bullet 1310 01:12:38,822 --> 01:12:40,440 that hit President Kennedy first 1311 01:12:40,524 --> 01:12:42,808 to be the one that hit Governor Connally. 1312 01:12:42,892 --> 01:12:45,811 And he twisted himself in knots 1313 01:12:45,895 --> 01:12:47,413 trying to sell that story. 1314 01:12:47,497 --> 01:12:51,083 The possibility of one bullet having inflicted the wounds 1315 01:12:51,167 --> 01:12:53,886 on both the president's neck and the governor's body 1316 01:12:53,970 --> 01:12:55,855 came in a very gradual way. 1317 01:12:55,939 --> 01:12:59,058 The trajectory was such that it was almost certain 1318 01:12:59,142 --> 01:13:01,193 that the bullet which came out of the president's neck 1319 01:13:01,277 --> 01:13:03,896 with great velocity would have had to have hit 1320 01:13:03,980 --> 01:13:07,684 either the car or someone in the car. 1321 01:13:16,560 --> 01:13:18,878 Well, the single bullet theory is sheer, absolute, 1322 01:13:18,962 --> 01:13:20,613 unadulterated nonsense. 1323 01:13:20,697 --> 01:13:23,349 You have the bullet coming out of John Kennedy, 1324 01:13:23,433 --> 01:13:26,552 moving then downward and to the left, and yet 1325 01:13:26,636 --> 01:13:29,389 it slams into John Connally behind the right armpit. 1326 01:13:29,473 --> 01:13:31,391 Well, Connally was sitting directly in front of Kennedy. 1327 01:13:31,475 --> 01:13:33,659 So you've got to have the bullet coming out of Kennedy, 1328 01:13:33,743 --> 01:13:36,396 stopping abruptly in midair, turning to the right, 1329 01:13:36,480 --> 01:13:39,331 coming back about 20 inches, stopping again, 1330 01:13:39,415 --> 01:13:40,866 turning around now to the left, 1331 01:13:40,950 --> 01:13:42,101 and going into Connally. 1332 01:13:42,185 --> 01:13:44,003 So that's the single bullet theory. 1333 01:13:44,087 --> 01:13:46,506 It is better than any roller coaster ride 1334 01:13:46,590 --> 01:13:49,341 that anybody has ever seen anywhere in the world. 1335 01:13:49,425 --> 01:13:52,612 It is a bullet that rightfully deserves 1336 01:13:52,696 --> 01:13:55,448 the characterization that we critics have given to it-- 1337 01:13:55,532 --> 01:13:56,882 a magic bullet. 1338 01:13:56,966 --> 01:13:58,384 The big issue was, 1339 01:13:58,468 --> 01:14:00,285 is this an entrance wound or an exit wound? 1340 01:14:00,369 --> 01:14:03,022 It was very small. And we were always taught 1341 01:14:03,106 --> 01:14:06,692 that an exit wound is larger than an entrance wound. 1342 01:14:06,776 --> 01:14:10,295 To me, it's just inconceivable 1343 01:14:10,379 --> 01:14:11,731 that the first shot 1344 01:14:11,815 --> 01:14:14,133 that went through his neck entered my back. 1345 01:14:14,217 --> 01:14:15,601 I don't believe that. I never will believe that. 1346 01:14:15,685 --> 01:14:17,954 They can't run enough tests to make me believe that. 1347 01:14:19,623 --> 01:14:21,874 I don't think my impressions have changed 1348 01:14:21,958 --> 01:14:24,309 from the day of the assassination. 1349 01:14:24,393 --> 01:14:29,465 I've always thought that this looked like an entrance wound. 1350 01:14:31,067 --> 01:14:34,219 Without a single bullet theory to wound both men, 1351 01:14:34,303 --> 01:14:37,289 there has to be at least one additional assassin. 1352 01:14:37,373 --> 01:14:40,409 And the Warren Commission couldn't have that. 1353 01:14:43,680 --> 01:14:45,197 The Warren report hinges 1354 01:14:45,281 --> 01:14:47,332 on the single bullet theory being true. 1355 01:14:47,416 --> 01:14:51,604 If it's not true, then we're left with either a conspiracy 1356 01:14:51,688 --> 01:14:53,072 or just a bunch of question marks 1357 01:14:53,156 --> 01:14:55,859 as if it was never investigated at all. 1358 01:14:56,960 --> 01:15:00,079 On September 24, 1964, 1359 01:15:00,163 --> 01:15:01,947 the commission presented its findings 1360 01:15:02,031 --> 01:15:04,116 in the form of this report to the president. 1361 01:15:04,200 --> 01:15:06,886 "We concluded that, in the absence of solid evidence, 1362 01:15:06,970 --> 01:15:09,272 there was no second gunman." 1363 01:15:12,809 --> 01:15:14,460 I don't remember the exact moment 1364 01:15:14,544 --> 01:15:17,329 that I heard the results of the Warren Commission. 1365 01:15:17,413 --> 01:15:20,766 But I was aware that it wasn't the full truth. 1366 01:15:20,850 --> 01:15:22,968 The conclusion of the Warren Report is that 1367 01:15:23,052 --> 01:15:24,904 the Parkland doctors must have just been 1368 01:15:24,988 --> 01:15:27,139 incorrect in their conclusion. 1369 01:15:27,223 --> 01:15:30,375 Even President Lyndon Johnson had serious questions 1370 01:15:30,459 --> 01:15:32,745 about the single bullet theory. 1371 01:15:32,829 --> 01:15:34,780 He told Senator Richard Russell, 1372 01:15:34,864 --> 01:15:36,315 who was on the Warren Commission, 1373 01:15:36,399 --> 01:15:39,268 during a recorded phone call, that he didn't believe it. 1374 01:15:47,844 --> 01:15:51,296 The problem is-- the inconsistency 1375 01:15:51,380 --> 01:15:55,051 is that Johnson still believed that Oswald acted alone. 1376 01:15:57,053 --> 01:15:59,972 The Warren Commission started with a conclusion 1377 01:16:00,056 --> 01:16:02,374 that Oswald did it and he did it alone. 1378 01:16:02,458 --> 01:16:05,578 And they then worked to confirm that, 1379 01:16:05,662 --> 01:16:06,979 and then they disregarded 1380 01:16:07,063 --> 01:16:08,598 substantial evidence to the contrary. 1381 01:16:11,200 --> 01:16:13,352 Certain people in our government tampered 1382 01:16:13,436 --> 01:16:16,221 with critical evidence in order to make sure 1383 01:16:16,305 --> 01:16:17,790 the American people would not know the truth 1384 01:16:17,874 --> 01:16:20,993 about who murdered the president. 1385 01:16:21,077 --> 01:16:22,828 And that's about as bad as it gets. 1386 01:16:24,781 --> 01:16:27,299 I'm talking about photographs that don't look correct, 1387 01:16:27,383 --> 01:16:29,301 that look like they must have been altered. 1388 01:16:29,385 --> 01:16:33,639 The photographs and x-rays that we see are not consistent 1389 01:16:33,723 --> 01:16:36,576 with what the Parkland doctors and many other people 1390 01:16:36,660 --> 01:16:38,210 who were there at Bethesda say. 1391 01:16:38,294 --> 01:16:41,180 When I saw the autopsy pictures, 1392 01:16:41,264 --> 01:16:45,117 my first response was, I wanted to tell everybody 1393 01:16:45,201 --> 01:16:48,520 that that didn't reflect what actually transpired. 1394 01:16:48,604 --> 01:16:50,623 I noted a wound when I came into the room, 1395 01:16:50,707 --> 01:16:53,158 which was at the right posterior portion of the head. 1396 01:16:53,242 --> 01:16:56,395 There was a massive wound at the back of his head. 1397 01:16:56,479 --> 01:16:59,064 The two pictures that I've seen that you showed me 1398 01:16:59,148 --> 01:17:01,233 that are supposedly from the archives 1399 01:17:01,317 --> 01:17:03,335 are not what I saw that night. 1400 01:17:03,419 --> 01:17:05,437 Now, I don't know where those pictures came from. 1401 01:17:05,521 --> 01:17:06,706 It had a big hole in it. 1402 01:17:06,790 --> 01:17:09,008 This whole area was gone. 1403 01:17:09,092 --> 01:17:11,543 This part of the head was gone. 1404 01:17:11,627 --> 01:17:13,378 There was no scalp there. 1405 01:17:13,462 --> 01:17:15,280 How could all these people, 1406 01:17:15,364 --> 01:17:17,216 including the doctors at Parkland, 1407 01:17:17,300 --> 01:17:19,852 conclude that the back of the head was missing? 1408 01:17:19,936 --> 01:17:21,053 And then we go to Bethesda, 1409 01:17:21,137 --> 01:17:22,321 and all of a sudden, it's patched up. 1410 01:17:22,405 --> 01:17:23,222 What happened? 1411 01:17:23,306 --> 01:17:24,724 In order to probe that, 1412 01:17:24,808 --> 01:17:27,226 you had to go back to Parkland 1413 01:17:27,310 --> 01:17:29,461 and speak to these doctors. 1414 01:17:45,328 --> 01:17:47,680 When I saw the autopsy pictures, 1415 01:17:47,764 --> 01:17:50,916 I thought somebody had really tampered with the whole thing, 1416 01:17:51,000 --> 01:17:53,152 and it made me very suspicious 1417 01:17:53,236 --> 01:17:57,289 because it didn't look anything like what I saw there. 1418 01:17:57,373 --> 01:17:59,725 And they had also completely sewed up 1419 01:17:59,809 --> 01:18:04,196 the temporoparietal side of his head, and it was closed. 1420 01:18:04,280 --> 01:18:06,999 And I said, how can they do-- why would they do that? 1421 01:18:07,083 --> 01:18:09,134 The cerebellum was not protruding. 1422 01:18:09,218 --> 01:18:11,871 We examined the cerebellum photographically, 1423 01:18:11,955 --> 01:18:13,138 and it was intact. 1424 01:18:13,222 --> 01:18:14,907 Maybe the left lobe was, 1425 01:18:14,991 --> 01:18:16,776 but the right lobe had fallen out. 1426 01:18:16,860 --> 01:18:17,843 I saw that. 1427 01:18:17,927 --> 01:18:19,044 He's wrong. 1428 01:18:19,128 --> 01:18:20,680 There was no gaping hole, 1429 01:18:20,764 --> 01:18:22,347 and there was no cerebellum 1430 01:18:22,431 --> 01:18:25,084 that fell out on the car, period. 1431 01:18:25,168 --> 01:18:26,652 Andrew Purdy was counsel 1432 01:18:26,736 --> 01:18:28,553 to the House Assassinations Committee. 1433 01:18:28,637 --> 01:18:30,856 He says the Dallas doctors are wrong. 1434 01:18:30,940 --> 01:18:32,391 When you think of the body 1435 01:18:32,475 --> 01:18:35,227 as being face up and you think, particularly in Dallas, 1436 01:18:35,311 --> 01:18:37,529 of the amount of blood that was involved there, 1437 01:18:37,613 --> 01:18:40,666 people couldn't distinguish where things were. 1438 01:18:40,750 --> 01:18:43,268 It must have been a terrible, tragic sight. 1439 01:18:43,352 --> 01:18:46,438 It was very hard for people to recollect 1440 01:18:46,522 --> 01:18:49,308 exactly where what was when that wasn't their purpose. 1441 01:18:49,392 --> 01:18:51,276 Their purpose was to save the president's life, 1442 01:18:51,360 --> 01:18:53,946 and these recollections afterwards are faulty. 1443 01:18:54,030 --> 01:18:55,981 Who is that last guy? 1444 01:18:56,065 --> 01:18:57,750 - Who is that guy? - Is he a neurosurgeon? 1445 01:18:59,368 --> 01:19:02,988 The wound, when we were taking care of the president, 1446 01:19:03,072 --> 01:19:05,090 was not that bloody, actually. 1447 01:19:05,174 --> 01:19:07,192 - No. - He had already bled out 1448 01:19:07,276 --> 01:19:10,763 significantly at the time of the injury. 1449 01:19:10,847 --> 01:19:12,097 Well, he wasn't there, so he... 1450 01:19:12,181 --> 01:19:13,432 - He wasn't there. - Not--you know, 1451 01:19:13,516 --> 01:19:16,268 he's not capable of rendering an opinion. 1452 01:19:16,352 --> 01:19:20,706 He's just going by autopsy x-ray, most likely. 1453 01:19:20,790 --> 01:19:23,042 That's a whole different perspective. 1454 01:19:23,126 --> 01:19:26,511 And those x-rays that I've seen are wrong. 1455 01:19:26,595 --> 01:19:30,916 I was both on the right side and on the left side 1456 01:19:31,000 --> 01:19:32,852 in the course of the treatment. 1457 01:19:32,936 --> 01:19:36,188 And I didn't see any facial damage 1458 01:19:36,272 --> 01:19:38,423 or any area in the forehead-- 1459 01:19:38,507 --> 01:19:40,692 any damage in the forehead area. 1460 01:19:40,776 --> 01:19:42,161 It just--it wasn't there. 1461 01:19:42,245 --> 01:19:44,096 No, that's why it's inconsistent 1462 01:19:44,180 --> 01:19:46,065 with the pictures-- the x-ray pictures, 1463 01:19:46,149 --> 01:19:48,333 which show orbital destruction 1464 01:19:48,417 --> 01:19:51,070 that would show things externally. 1465 01:19:56,159 --> 01:19:59,544 But obviously, this has been tampered with 1466 01:19:59,628 --> 01:20:02,047 because they've replaced the scalp 1467 01:20:02,131 --> 01:20:04,600 that was wide-open when I saw the wound. 1468 01:20:07,436 --> 01:20:10,222 I mean, they've done that at the autopsy. 1469 01:20:10,306 --> 01:20:12,758 That's--that's the work in Washington. 1470 01:20:12,842 --> 01:20:15,094 I had seen this massive hole 1471 01:20:15,178 --> 01:20:16,762 in the back of the president's head. 1472 01:20:16,846 --> 01:20:20,332 But then in one of the pictures, as I recall, 1473 01:20:20,416 --> 01:20:24,269 it looked to me like they were pulling a flap of scalp 1474 01:20:24,353 --> 01:20:26,705 up over this hole and covering it. 1475 01:20:26,789 --> 01:20:29,274 And in fact, I thought I could see the finger and the thumb 1476 01:20:29,358 --> 01:20:31,476 of whoever was pulling this flap. 1477 01:20:31,560 --> 01:20:35,147 And I thought that it was pulled up to cover that hole. 1478 01:20:35,231 --> 01:20:38,050 Someone told me, oh, no, that wasn't a flap. 1479 01:20:38,134 --> 01:20:39,384 That's just the way it looked. 1480 01:20:39,468 --> 01:20:40,920 I said, no, it didn't. 1481 01:20:46,242 --> 01:20:47,592 The government handled the problem 1482 01:20:47,676 --> 01:20:50,695 of the Parkland doctors badly and dishonorably. 1483 01:20:50,779 --> 01:20:53,232 They should have shown them those photographs and said, 1484 01:20:53,316 --> 01:20:56,201 is this the way President Kennedy looked 1485 01:20:56,285 --> 01:20:57,753 in Trauma Room 1? 1486 01:20:59,288 --> 01:21:00,539 The Parkland doctors would have said, 1487 01:21:00,623 --> 01:21:02,407 no, that's not the way the president looked 1488 01:21:02,491 --> 01:21:03,943 at Parkland Hospital. 1489 01:21:04,027 --> 01:21:06,295 And you can see that in the Zapruder film. 1490 01:21:08,297 --> 01:21:10,816 I think the Zapruder film had a lot to do 1491 01:21:10,900 --> 01:21:15,154 with concerns about how the president was shot. 1492 01:21:15,238 --> 01:21:17,689 President Kennedy was the first person 1493 01:21:17,773 --> 01:21:21,726 to be seen on a video being killed. 1494 01:21:21,810 --> 01:21:23,929 This is one of the most important films 1495 01:21:24,013 --> 01:21:25,965 that exists in history. 1496 01:21:26,049 --> 01:21:28,633 And nevertheless, the American people didn't know 1497 01:21:28,717 --> 01:21:32,004 about the Zapruder film until Robert Groden 1498 01:21:32,088 --> 01:21:34,974 and Dick Gregory went on the "Geraldo" show. 1499 01:21:35,058 --> 01:21:36,942 Eh, was it 1975? 1500 01:21:41,530 --> 01:21:44,316 This is very heavy. It's the film shot 1501 01:21:44,400 --> 01:21:48,387 by the Dallas dress manufacturer Abraham Zapruder, 1502 01:21:48,471 --> 01:21:51,924 and it's the execution of President Kennedy. 1503 01:21:52,008 --> 01:21:53,825 And, you know, before he goes behind the sign, 1504 01:21:53,909 --> 01:21:55,961 the president is waving to the crowd. 1505 01:21:56,045 --> 01:21:58,163 When he comes out from behind the sign, he is shot. 1506 01:21:58,247 --> 01:21:59,631 And then Governor Connally is shot. 1507 01:21:59,715 --> 01:22:02,634 He's already been hit. He's already been hit. 1508 01:22:02,718 --> 01:22:06,371 And now, at the bottom of the screen, the head shot. 1509 01:22:06,455 --> 01:22:08,307 That's the shot that blew off his head. 1510 01:22:08,391 --> 01:22:11,260 It's the most horrifying thing I've ever seen in a movie. 1511 01:22:13,396 --> 01:22:15,614 The Zapruder film is an 8-millimeter film 1512 01:22:15,698 --> 01:22:18,183 that was taken by Abraham Zapruder, 1513 01:22:18,267 --> 01:22:19,952 who was in Dealey Plaza that day, 1514 01:22:20,036 --> 01:22:22,054 and he was standing on the grassy knoll 1515 01:22:22,138 --> 01:22:24,924 on a concrete platform so he had a better view. 1516 01:22:25,008 --> 01:22:28,360 As the president was coming down from Houston Street 1517 01:22:28,444 --> 01:22:32,397 and making his turn, it was about halfway down there, 1518 01:22:32,481 --> 01:22:33,999 I heard a shot. 1519 01:22:34,083 --> 01:22:38,237 Then he just slumped to the side like this. 1520 01:22:38,321 --> 01:22:39,671 Then I heard another shot or two. 1521 01:22:39,755 --> 01:22:41,606 I couldn't say whether it was one or two. 1522 01:22:41,690 --> 01:22:44,009 And I saw his head practically open up, 1523 01:22:44,093 --> 01:22:45,945 all blood and everything. 1524 01:22:46,029 --> 01:22:47,879 And I kept on shooting. 1525 01:22:47,963 --> 01:22:49,714 When you see the Zapruder film, 1526 01:22:49,798 --> 01:22:52,851 you see the motorcade coming off of Houston Street 1527 01:22:52,935 --> 01:22:56,855 and making a slow turn onto Elm Street, 1528 01:22:56,939 --> 01:23:00,092 heading toward the triple underpass. 1529 01:23:00,176 --> 01:23:03,262 And they look perfectly okay until they make 1530 01:23:03,346 --> 01:23:05,264 that slow turn, and all of a sudden, 1531 01:23:05,348 --> 01:23:08,367 both of the president's hands go up to his neck like that, 1532 01:23:08,451 --> 01:23:11,070 like something has happened. 1533 01:23:11,154 --> 01:23:13,138 This bullet hole in his neck, 1534 01:23:13,222 --> 01:23:16,308 we thought--in fact, Dr. Perry said to the newsmen 1535 01:23:16,392 --> 01:23:19,078 right after we got out of Trauma Room 1 1536 01:23:19,162 --> 01:23:21,846 that maybe we thought this was an entrance wound 1537 01:23:21,930 --> 01:23:24,449 here in his neck, near his windpipe, 1538 01:23:24,533 --> 01:23:26,651 just above his clavicle. 1539 01:23:26,735 --> 01:23:29,188 And Mrs. Kennedy has realized something is wrong, 1540 01:23:29,272 --> 01:23:33,325 and she's leaning over to him as if to ask, what's wrong? 1541 01:23:33,409 --> 01:23:35,127 And just as she does that, 1542 01:23:35,211 --> 01:23:39,298 the president's head literally explodes violently, 1543 01:23:39,382 --> 01:23:42,267 and he's thrown backward and to the left. 1544 01:23:42,351 --> 01:23:44,970 And that's when I think a missile hit him 1545 01:23:45,054 --> 01:23:46,838 from the picket fence. 1546 01:23:46,922 --> 01:23:50,675 The fatal wound came from the front, I think, 1547 01:23:50,759 --> 01:23:52,744 and other people believe that too. 1548 01:23:52,828 --> 01:23:55,714 Powers and Kenny O'Donnell, 1549 01:23:55,798 --> 01:23:58,817 who were riding in one of the cars behind, 1550 01:23:58,901 --> 01:24:02,354 they were convinced that that fatal shot came 1551 01:24:02,438 --> 01:24:05,408 from the grassy knoll and the picket fence. 1552 01:24:06,975 --> 01:24:09,961 Self-proclaimed eyewitnesses all claim 1553 01:24:10,045 --> 01:24:12,064 seeing a second gunman 1554 01:24:12,148 --> 01:24:14,533 shooting from behind the picket fence. 1555 01:24:14,617 --> 01:24:16,535 The shot that killed President Kennedy didn't come 1556 01:24:16,619 --> 01:24:17,702 from the Book Depository. 1557 01:24:17,786 --> 01:24:19,538 They were talking about the fact 1558 01:24:19,622 --> 01:24:21,640 that Mr. Oswald was up in that School Book. 1559 01:24:21,724 --> 01:24:23,808 And I kept saying, no, he was not there. 1560 01:24:23,892 --> 01:24:24,909 I saw this. 1561 01:24:24,993 --> 01:24:26,078 I was standing here. 1562 01:24:26,162 --> 01:24:28,313 I saw this. I saw the whole thing. 1563 01:24:28,397 --> 01:24:30,482 I looked up. Right there in the bushes, 1564 01:24:30,566 --> 01:24:33,018 this man was shooting with a rifle. 1565 01:24:33,102 --> 01:24:35,487 And I saw a puff of smoke and a flash of light 1566 01:24:35,571 --> 01:24:38,490 at the very instant that Kennedy's head exploded. 1567 01:24:38,574 --> 01:24:40,025 This is the view of Elm Street 1568 01:24:40,109 --> 01:24:42,361 from the grassy knoll, up behind the picket fence 1569 01:24:42,445 --> 01:24:46,098 where some critics claim another gunman lay concealed. 1570 01:24:46,182 --> 01:24:47,666 Came from that picket fence. 1571 01:24:47,750 --> 01:24:50,635 I glanced over to underneath that green tree, 1572 01:24:50,719 --> 01:24:52,637 and you could see a little puff of smoke. 1573 01:24:52,721 --> 01:24:55,507 It looked like a puff of steam or cigarette smoke. 1574 01:24:55,591 --> 01:24:57,242 The Zapruder film does not show 1575 01:24:57,326 --> 01:24:59,644 the back of the president's head getting blown out. 1576 01:24:59,728 --> 01:25:02,847 We see the shot to the right temple, 1577 01:25:02,931 --> 01:25:05,016 and we know from the witnesses 1578 01:25:05,100 --> 01:25:06,902 that there was a blast out of the head. 1579 01:25:08,671 --> 01:25:11,923 The Parkland doctors are telling us the truth, 1580 01:25:12,007 --> 01:25:14,759 truth beyond any and all doubt. 1581 01:25:14,843 --> 01:25:17,629 The issue, in retrospect, 1582 01:25:17,713 --> 01:25:20,932 was, if Oswald was in the sixth floor Depository, 1583 01:25:21,016 --> 01:25:23,435 how could he have been shot from the front, then? 1584 01:25:23,519 --> 01:25:27,439 And so was there more than one assailant? 1585 01:25:27,523 --> 01:25:30,442 Arlen Specter came to Parkland, 1586 01:25:30,526 --> 01:25:33,812 and he said, we have people who will testify 1587 01:25:33,896 --> 01:25:36,047 that they saw the president shot 1588 01:25:36,131 --> 01:25:39,318 from the front from the railroad track. 1589 01:25:39,402 --> 01:25:43,155 But he said, we don't believe they have credible testimony. 1590 01:25:43,239 --> 01:25:46,057 But I don't want you to say anything else about that. 1591 01:25:46,141 --> 01:25:48,627 The Zapruder film, when he's hit, 1592 01:25:48,711 --> 01:25:51,963 you see this whole flash of bone, you know, coming out. 1593 01:25:52,047 --> 01:25:54,666 And that was compatible with what I saw 1594 01:25:54,750 --> 01:25:57,536 from his right side, where I was located. 1595 01:25:57,620 --> 01:26:02,040 How could a gunshot from the rear 1596 01:26:02,124 --> 01:26:05,510 peel the scalp from the front back? 1597 01:26:05,594 --> 01:26:08,880 And my opinion is that this was a flap from the-- 1598 01:26:08,964 --> 01:26:11,716 the whole right side bunched up into the back of the-- 1599 01:26:11,800 --> 01:26:14,153 - It was, yeah. - At the base of the occiput. 1600 01:26:14,237 --> 01:26:15,820 Yeah. And you see that, 1601 01:26:15,904 --> 01:26:18,857 and I think that kind of fell back into place a little bit. 1602 01:26:18,941 --> 01:26:20,959 But then the missile went on through 1603 01:26:21,043 --> 01:26:23,862 and blew out the back of his head. 1604 01:26:23,946 --> 01:26:25,664 Yeah. It was temporal also. 1605 01:26:25,748 --> 01:26:27,832 And you can see that in the Zapruder film. 1606 01:26:27,916 --> 01:26:30,034 - But I saw that on him. - Yeah. 1607 01:26:30,118 --> 01:26:31,186 - Mm-hmm. - Yeah. 1608 01:26:34,156 --> 01:26:37,676 I think it's honorable that the Parkland physicians 1609 01:26:37,760 --> 01:26:42,214 and nurses have maintained their original positions 1610 01:26:42,298 --> 01:26:47,652 and have not deviated from what they observed in 1963, 1611 01:26:47,736 --> 01:26:49,288 60 years ago. 1612 01:26:49,372 --> 01:26:56,195 The evidence shows that the murder of the president 1613 01:26:56,279 --> 01:27:00,365 was a straightforward shooting, period. 1614 01:27:00,449 --> 01:27:01,766 What's more likely, 1615 01:27:01,850 --> 01:27:03,735 Parkland doctors telling the truth 1616 01:27:03,819 --> 01:27:05,704 or the autopsy telling the truth? 1617 01:27:05,788 --> 01:27:09,040 In all probability, there was a conspiracy, 1618 01:27:09,124 --> 01:27:11,843 i.e., there was more than one shooter. 1619 01:27:11,927 --> 01:27:15,714 And I think that shooter was behind the picket fence 1620 01:27:15,798 --> 01:27:18,650 on the grassy knoll, and then someone was 1621 01:27:18,734 --> 01:27:21,970 in the sixth floor of the Book Depository. 1622 01:27:24,707 --> 01:27:27,392 That first day, in the first 24 hours, 1623 01:27:27,476 --> 01:27:30,995 we, I think, all thought that that was an entrance wound. 1624 01:27:31,079 --> 01:27:35,700 I've always entertained a strong possibility 1625 01:27:35,784 --> 01:27:40,439 of there being more than one shooter. 1626 01:27:40,523 --> 01:27:42,173 It was a lie. 1627 01:27:42,257 --> 01:27:45,794 They really didn't tell the truth about it. 1628 01:27:55,504 --> 01:28:00,091 I didn't ever think he would be in Parkland on the gurney 1629 01:28:00,175 --> 01:28:01,960 and we would be taking care of him 1630 01:28:02,044 --> 01:28:05,180 and watch him take his last breath. 1631 01:28:08,784 --> 01:28:10,602 Probably one of the most dramatic moments 1632 01:28:10,686 --> 01:28:13,872 in U.S. history and a pivotal moment 1633 01:28:13,956 --> 01:28:16,191 for me and my whole life. 1634 01:28:18,260 --> 01:28:20,445 I've had a very interesting life. 1635 01:28:20,529 --> 01:28:22,914 I've had a lot of intersections 1636 01:28:22,998 --> 01:28:24,983 with events and people, 1637 01:28:25,067 --> 01:28:28,353 but none as dramatic and as strong 1638 01:28:28,437 --> 01:28:30,639 as the events of that day. 1639 01:28:32,007 --> 01:28:34,710 Sometimes the sadness comes out. 1640 01:28:36,244 --> 01:28:38,497 The thought of the assassination 1641 01:28:38,581 --> 01:28:41,400 and my participation in it, as well as others, 1642 01:28:41,484 --> 01:28:43,201 never goes away. 1643 01:28:43,285 --> 01:28:47,306 You replay that day in your mind. 1644 01:28:47,390 --> 01:28:49,941 It certainly is the most significant event 1645 01:28:50,025 --> 01:28:52,895 that ever occurred in my life. 1646 01:28:54,262 --> 01:28:58,517 I take my being there very seriously. 1647 01:28:58,601 --> 01:29:01,720 And I don't really enjoy 1648 01:29:01,804 --> 01:29:04,756 telling the story of what happened. 1649 01:29:04,840 --> 01:29:07,926 But it was a very important time, 1650 01:29:08,010 --> 01:29:11,614 and it was my destiny to be there. 1651 01:29:14,249 --> 01:29:16,335 In America, I think it was one of the most 1652 01:29:16,419 --> 01:29:20,372 significant events of the century, 1653 01:29:20,456 --> 01:29:23,508 but also a loss of innocence.