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DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
The deep ocean.

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00:00:40,163 --> 00:00:41,723
For mammals,

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it's one of the most
inhospitable places on Earth.

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BEEPING

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00:00:46,523 --> 00:00:50,323
MAN OVER RADIO: Can we move another
camera to channel three? OK.

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Anything we've got. Yeah.

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BEEPING

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Survival in this alien world...

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...requires extreme adaptations.

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00:01:07,683 --> 00:01:11,643
We have only recently begun
to explore these depths.

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BEEPING

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So if you're watching on channel
one, the Supersampler is... Yeah.

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The heck is that?!

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00:01:22,803 --> 00:01:25,883
Oh, my gosh!
Oh, my goodness, what is that?

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Yet, some mammals
have been coming here

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for millions of years.

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It's a sperm whale.

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{\an8}Oh, my goodness.
Look at that shape.

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{\an8}WOMAN: Holy cow!

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{\an8}Wow!
Unbelievable.

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BEEPING

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Like all mammals,
sperm whales breathe air.

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Yet, almost a mile underwater,

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in the freezing darkness,

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they seem completely at home.

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They, like many mammals,

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have overcome the challenges
of living in water

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in the most remarkable ways.

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Many mammals, encountering water,

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prefer to do no more
than dip their toes into it.

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{\an8}Northern Sri Lanka,
late in the dry season.

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A troop of macaques

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are looking for what little fruit
is left in the forest.

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Their search has brought them
to a jungle pool.

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But there's more for them here

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than just a refreshing drink.

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Water lilies.

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Enough to fill the empty stomachs
of the entire troop.

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But the flowers
are just out of reach.

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Got it!

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But a single flower
merely whets the appetite.

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For the real prize...

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...they must take the plunge.

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For an animal that spends
nearly all of its time on land,

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macaques are surprisingly
competent in water.

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They're looking for
the lilies' juicy seed pods...

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...which are packed
full of nutrients.

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An excellent solution to the
macaques' seasonal food crisis.

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LOUD SPLASH

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Thanks to their natural curiosity...

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...and willingness
to explore new opportunities...

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...these macaques have discovered
that it can pay to jump into water.

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Freshwater ponds in a jungle
may be few and far between.

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00:06:07,603 --> 00:06:09,883
In Central Canada, however,

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water is everywhere.

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Moist soil is easy to dig...

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...and just underground

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there is a network of tunnels.

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The work of a particularly
industrious little mammal.

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SNIFFING

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A star-nosed mole.

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Virtually blind,

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he relies on his
super-sensitive nose.

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It's not just for smelling.

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It's also...

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...for feeling.

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And it is 100 times more sensitive

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than our own fingertips.

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To fuel his active lifestyle,

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he must eat up to twice
his body weight every day.

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And worms, as they burrow,

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simply drop into his tunnels
of their own accord.

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Life underground can be pretty good.

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THUNDER RUMBLES

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HEAVY RAINFALL

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But every spring,

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torrential rain saturates the soil.

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Before long,
the mole's tunnels are flooded.

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He can hold his breath
for little more than 30 seconds.

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He must get out or he'll drown.

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Made it!

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But having taken a breath...

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...he dives straight back in.

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Large feet, excellent for digging,

85
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also make very effective paddles.

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And his water-resistant coat

87
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keeps him warm...

88
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...so he's well equipped
for swimming.

89
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But, nonetheless, there's a problem.

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How do you sniff out prey
underwater?

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AIR BLOWS

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First, he blows bubbles
into the submerged leaves.

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Smells pass into them.

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00:10:18,963 --> 00:10:21,563
And sniffing them with his nose

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enables him to detect
something edible...

96
00:10:30,203 --> 00:10:34,723
...so he can locate possible prey
even underwater.

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Star-nosed moles
are one of the few mammals

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that are just as at home in the
water as they are in soil.

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Beyond land,

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the oceans that cover
two-thirds of our planet

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are full of possible food.

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For most mammals, it's out of reach.

103
00:11:12,763 --> 00:11:16,443
But that doesn't stop some
from trying to get it.

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00:11:23,843 --> 00:11:25,803
{\an8}A female coyote,

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00:11:25,803 --> 00:11:28,563
{\an8}patrolling the Pacific coast
of Mexico.

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Living on the edge of a desert

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means often relying
on the ocean for food.

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SEA BIRDS CALL

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This female would make a meal
of a sea bird

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if only she could catch one.

111
00:12:03,923 --> 00:12:06,163
BIRDS SQUAWK

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00:12:16,003 --> 00:12:18,883
She can't afford to keep failing.

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00:12:47,923 --> 00:12:50,003
SEA BIRDS CAW

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00:13:03,403 --> 00:13:06,563
Driven by hunger, she moves on.

115
00:13:11,203 --> 00:13:13,603
The desert stretches 2,000 miles

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00:13:13,603 --> 00:13:16,523
along Mexico's Baja coast.

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Coyotes living here
are forced to explore

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tangled mangroves and deep creeks.

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SEA BIRDS CAW

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After a long day
under the desert sun,

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persistence pays off.

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A dead body cast up by the waves.

123
00:14:16,763 --> 00:14:19,363
It's the carcass of a grey whale...

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00:14:21,683 --> 00:14:23,643
...rotting in the sun.

125
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Enough to feed her for months.

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PATTERING

127
00:14:37,323 --> 00:14:40,403
But other hungry beachcombers
have found it, too.

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00:14:50,363 --> 00:14:52,683
GROWLS

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00:14:59,483 --> 00:15:01,363
SNARLS

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00:15:08,123 --> 00:15:10,963
They quarrel over the best bits.

131
00:15:15,723 --> 00:15:20,483
But a 40-tonne whale is more
than enough food to go round.

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00:15:32,043 --> 00:15:35,443
The daily tides
provide so much food

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{\an8}that the Baja's Pacific coastline

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{\an8}supports up to 14 times
the number of coyotes

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00:15:41,883 --> 00:15:43,763
{\an8}than occur inland.

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HOWLING

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00:15:51,723 --> 00:15:54,123
But extending scavenging on shore

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00:15:54,123 --> 00:15:56,123
to hunting in the sea

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00:15:56,123 --> 00:15:58,243
requires very different skills.

140
00:16:01,123 --> 00:16:03,523
Nonetheless, 50 million years ago,

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00:16:03,523 --> 00:16:06,163
the ancestors of marine mammals

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00:16:06,163 --> 00:16:09,443
started to do exactly that.

143
00:16:14,923 --> 00:16:18,603
A bottlenose dolphin
and her two young

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00:16:18,603 --> 00:16:22,003
cruise the shallows of Florida Bay.

145
00:16:25,203 --> 00:16:28,243
The coastal waters here
are full of fish.

146
00:16:30,083 --> 00:16:33,603
But much of the bay
is less than a metre deep.

147
00:16:35,603 --> 00:16:39,443
For a large mammal with a tail
that beats up and down,

148
00:16:39,443 --> 00:16:42,043
just moving around here
is a challenge.

149
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But she has a simple solution.

150
00:16:48,243 --> 00:16:50,283
She swims on her side.

151
00:16:56,643 --> 00:16:59,523
But it's still a struggle
to keep up with a fish.

152
00:17:01,603 --> 00:17:03,403
Let alone catch one.

153
00:17:13,803 --> 00:17:17,123
And a single fish won't feed
a family.

154
00:17:22,883 --> 00:17:26,203
But this intelligent mother
has another,

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00:17:26,203 --> 00:17:28,683
even more ingenious, solution.

156
00:17:32,603 --> 00:17:33,963
Beating her tail,

157
00:17:33,963 --> 00:17:35,963
she churns up the water...

158
00:17:40,483 --> 00:17:42,723
...creating a muddy barrier...

159
00:17:44,123 --> 00:17:46,643
...around a shoal of fish.

160
00:17:50,243 --> 00:17:51,843
In a bid to escape...

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00:17:54,003 --> 00:17:55,683
...the fish are forced...

162
00:17:57,283 --> 00:17:59,083
...to leap.

163
00:18:11,643 --> 00:18:14,203
She's not the only one
that gets a meal.

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00:18:17,363 --> 00:18:19,923
Her young family can also feed.

165
00:18:47,843 --> 00:18:50,483
But rings of muddy water

166
00:18:50,483 --> 00:18:54,163
aren't the only way in which
dolphins hunt in Florida.

167
00:18:59,043 --> 00:19:02,443
This family uses an S-shaped barrier

168
00:19:02,443 --> 00:19:04,403
to spook the fish.

169
00:19:24,963 --> 00:19:28,683
Why Florida's dolphins
use different shapes

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00:19:28,683 --> 00:19:30,483
remains a mystery.

171
00:19:42,243 --> 00:19:44,443
But this ingenuity

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00:19:44,443 --> 00:19:46,923
enables marine mammals

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00:19:46,923 --> 00:19:49,763
to move far beyond the shallows.

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00:20:00,283 --> 00:20:02,723
Californian sea lions.

175
00:20:02,723 --> 00:20:04,243
BARKING

176
00:20:04,243 --> 00:20:08,163
They may spend over 70%
of their lives out at sea.

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00:20:11,083 --> 00:20:14,083
They know the opportunities
offered by the open ocean

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00:20:14,083 --> 00:20:15,403
are endless.

179
00:20:17,083 --> 00:20:20,003
The trick is how to make
the most of them.

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00:20:20,003 --> 00:20:21,483
BARKING

181
00:20:25,203 --> 00:20:28,483
The sea lions have spent
a lot of energy to get here,

182
00:20:28,483 --> 00:20:32,203
and the sardines they seek are
widely dispersed beneath them.

183
00:20:37,203 --> 00:20:39,563
The hunters need to round them up.

184
00:20:42,363 --> 00:20:44,123
Striped marlin arrive.

185
00:20:46,563 --> 00:20:48,443
Up to four metres long

186
00:20:48,443 --> 00:20:51,163
and with a deadly spear
on their nose,

187
00:20:51,163 --> 00:20:53,323
they, too, are hunting.

188
00:20:56,763 --> 00:20:58,443
Watched by the sea lions...

189
00:21:00,403 --> 00:21:02,363
...the marlin go to work.

190
00:21:10,643 --> 00:21:12,723
They herd the sardines
into a ball...

191
00:21:14,443 --> 00:21:17,643
...and then drive them
up towards the surface.

192
00:21:26,003 --> 00:21:29,563
This is what the sea lions
have been waiting for.

193
00:21:40,323 --> 00:21:43,083
Fast and flexible,

194
00:21:43,083 --> 00:21:46,523
the sea lions take advantage
of the marlin's efforts...

195
00:21:47,843 --> 00:21:50,083
...and collect an easy meal.

196
00:22:03,403 --> 00:22:05,403
These canny sea lions

197
00:22:05,403 --> 00:22:08,883
have learnt how to let marlin
do the hard work.

198
00:22:18,283 --> 00:22:22,403
But sea lions don't stay
permanently in water.

199
00:22:27,563 --> 00:22:29,323
The Galapagos Islands.

200
00:22:30,923 --> 00:22:34,643
Specks of land in the vast emptiness
of the Pacific Ocean.

201
00:22:39,923 --> 00:22:42,843
Here, pregnant Galapagos sea lions

202
00:22:42,843 --> 00:22:46,203
haul out on a beach to give birth.

203
00:22:49,563 --> 00:22:51,843
BARKING

204
00:23:02,603 --> 00:23:04,283
GRUNTS

205
00:23:14,643 --> 00:23:16,643
PUP WHINES

206
00:23:22,843 --> 00:23:25,603
{\an8}Unable to swim
when it's newly born,

207
00:23:25,603 --> 00:23:28,243
{\an8}a pup relies completely
on its mother

208
00:23:28,243 --> 00:23:31,083
{\an8}for her care and her milk.

209
00:23:31,083 --> 00:23:32,683
PUP WHINES

210
00:23:36,203 --> 00:23:39,883
Within two weeks, thanks to the
richness of this milk,

211
00:23:39,883 --> 00:23:42,883
it will be strong enough
to venture into the water.

212
00:23:45,763 --> 00:23:47,643
But a newborn pup

213
00:23:47,643 --> 00:23:50,163
is something of a shock
to its older brother.

214
00:23:53,883 --> 00:23:55,523
For the last two years,

215
00:23:55,523 --> 00:23:57,923
he's had his mother all to himself.

216
00:24:01,683 --> 00:24:03,963
The new pup is a sure sign

217
00:24:03,963 --> 00:24:06,963
that he must now find his own feet.

218
00:24:11,963 --> 00:24:14,003
BLEATS

219
00:24:19,443 --> 00:24:23,323
A sheltered inlet is a safe place
for pups and other juveniles

220
00:24:23,323 --> 00:24:25,683
to build up their confidence.

221
00:24:37,843 --> 00:24:40,923
Now, under the watchful eye
of a dominant bull...

222
00:24:42,923 --> 00:24:45,483
...the young sea lions acquire
the skills they'll need

223
00:24:45,483 --> 00:24:47,043
for a life at sea.

224
00:24:56,643 --> 00:24:58,723
BARKS

225
00:25:02,923 --> 00:25:05,283
But this is the time of year

226
00:25:05,283 --> 00:25:07,283
when sea lions also mate.

227
00:25:09,043 --> 00:25:10,963
GRUNTING

228
00:25:14,483 --> 00:25:17,243
While the bull's attention
is elsewhere...

229
00:25:21,803 --> 00:25:26,003
...the pup ventures beyond
the safety of the rock pool.

230
00:25:37,203 --> 00:25:38,683
It's a mistake.

231
00:25:41,123 --> 00:25:43,363
The waters surrounding the Galapagos

232
00:25:43,363 --> 00:25:45,523
are patrolled by sharks.

233
00:25:54,443 --> 00:25:56,643
The pup strays further
from the pool...

234
00:25:58,763 --> 00:26:00,923
...while the bull is preoccupied.

235
00:26:21,603 --> 00:26:24,323
The pup can outmanoeuvre
the shark...

236
00:26:26,283 --> 00:26:28,003
...but not for long.

237
00:26:30,603 --> 00:26:32,403
Alerted by the commotion...

238
00:26:35,043 --> 00:26:37,163
...the bull takes action.

239
00:26:43,283 --> 00:26:45,643
Weighing a quarter of a tonne,

240
00:26:45,643 --> 00:26:48,243
the bull is more than a match
for the shark.

241
00:26:50,323 --> 00:26:52,043
Biting at its tail,

242
00:26:52,043 --> 00:26:53,603
he chases it away.

243
00:26:56,083 --> 00:26:59,843
For the pup, it's an important
lesson learned.

244
00:26:59,843 --> 00:27:01,363
BLEATS

245
00:27:03,923 --> 00:27:05,123
Many others...

246
00:27:06,443 --> 00:27:08,003
...are less fortunate.

247
00:27:09,683 --> 00:27:12,443
Nearly half of these young sea lions

248
00:27:12,443 --> 00:27:15,483
will not survive beyond
their second birthday.

249
00:27:18,243 --> 00:27:21,883
This pup is safely back on land,

250
00:27:21,883 --> 00:27:25,883
and not too old
for a reassuring cuddle.

251
00:27:28,763 --> 00:27:30,563
GRUNTS SOFTLY

252
00:27:33,883 --> 00:27:36,483
One small group of mammals, however,

253
00:27:36,483 --> 00:27:39,723
have completely cut their ties
with the land.

254
00:27:56,443 --> 00:27:58,403
WHALE SONG

255
00:28:03,723 --> 00:28:07,763
Humpback whale calves can swim
from the moment they're born.

256
00:28:13,363 --> 00:28:17,043
The warm coastal shallows
off Western Australia

257
00:28:17,043 --> 00:28:19,443
provide excellent nurseries.

258
00:28:22,883 --> 00:28:24,963
In their first few days,

259
00:28:24,963 --> 00:28:28,363
mothers and babies
form a strong bond.

260
00:28:35,563 --> 00:28:38,203
Tucked gently under her fin,

261
00:28:38,203 --> 00:28:40,163
this mother gives her daughter

262
00:28:40,163 --> 00:28:43,163
an early lesson
in holding its breath.

263
00:28:48,523 --> 00:28:50,763
But they won't stay here for long.

264
00:28:53,003 --> 00:28:55,723
The reef may be an excellent
place to give birth...

265
00:28:57,483 --> 00:28:59,603
...but there's almost
nothing to eat here...

266
00:29:01,083 --> 00:29:02,723
...so mothers and young

267
00:29:02,723 --> 00:29:07,403
must now make the long journey
to richer waters around Antarctica.

268
00:29:18,163 --> 00:29:21,323
But once they've left the safety
of the shallow reef

269
00:29:21,323 --> 00:29:23,683
they are vulnerable.

270
00:29:33,603 --> 00:29:35,163
A pod of orca...

271
00:29:36,723 --> 00:29:40,203
...six strong,
patrols the migration route.

272
00:29:42,043 --> 00:29:44,083
They are a formidable force.

273
00:29:48,363 --> 00:29:51,563
But the humpback mother
puts her baby high on her back

274
00:29:51,563 --> 00:29:52,883
to protect it...

275
00:29:54,683 --> 00:29:57,683
...and then goes on
the attack herself.

276
00:30:00,643 --> 00:30:02,563
Slashing her powerful tail

277
00:30:02,563 --> 00:30:04,723
and long five-metre fins,

278
00:30:04,723 --> 00:30:07,003
she could easily kill an orca.

279
00:30:11,283 --> 00:30:13,163
But the orca have a plan.

280
00:30:18,643 --> 00:30:21,083
Some of the pod distract
the mother...

281
00:30:23,403 --> 00:30:25,723
...while others ram the calf.

282
00:30:53,003 --> 00:30:54,723
Once it's separated...

283
00:30:56,803 --> 00:30:58,483
...they drown it.

284
00:31:12,203 --> 00:31:14,243
Since 1986,

285
00:31:14,243 --> 00:31:17,603
when commercial whaling
was largely banned,

286
00:31:17,603 --> 00:31:21,883
humpback numbers have risen here
from a few hundred

287
00:31:21,883 --> 00:31:24,923
to more than 35,000.

288
00:31:27,323 --> 00:31:29,763
With so many calves on the move,

289
00:31:29,763 --> 00:31:32,963
some orca have specialised
in hunting them.

290
00:31:35,763 --> 00:31:39,123
A small pod - just three.

291
00:31:47,243 --> 00:31:49,203
The humpback calf they're pursuing

292
00:31:49,203 --> 00:31:52,403
has more than just its mother
at its side.

293
00:31:57,643 --> 00:31:59,083
It also has...

294
00:32:00,323 --> 00:32:02,443
...a 40-tonne male.

295
00:32:11,083 --> 00:32:13,523
This is a much bigger challenge.

296
00:32:25,163 --> 00:32:27,203
But rather than give up...

297
00:32:29,163 --> 00:32:31,483
...the orca bide their time.

298
00:32:55,763 --> 00:32:57,283
The male humpback,

299
00:32:57,283 --> 00:32:59,803
believing, perhaps,
that the orca have gone...

300
00:33:01,603 --> 00:33:03,363
...now dives.

301
00:33:10,283 --> 00:33:12,603
The killers seize their opportunity.

302
00:33:20,843 --> 00:33:23,083
They kidnap the calf.

303
00:33:38,843 --> 00:33:41,483
{\an8}They appear to mimic
the mother's behaviour,

304
00:33:41,483 --> 00:33:43,683
{\an8}putting the young calf
on their backs

305
00:33:43,683 --> 00:33:46,443
and carrying him along
in the slipstream.

306
00:33:52,083 --> 00:33:54,083
Young and naive,

307
00:33:54,083 --> 00:33:56,843
the calf goes willingly with them.

308
00:34:03,003 --> 00:34:05,723
Now, far from his mother...

309
00:34:08,123 --> 00:34:10,843
...the orca attack him.

310
00:34:25,363 --> 00:34:27,643
During the months of migration,

311
00:34:27,643 --> 00:34:31,203
the pod may kill as many
as five calves a day.

312
00:34:35,243 --> 00:34:37,363
They catch so many

313
00:34:37,363 --> 00:34:40,963
that sometimes they eat
no more than the tongue...

314
00:34:43,563 --> 00:34:46,803
{\an8}...and leave the rest
for the sharks.

315
00:34:53,483 --> 00:34:55,843
This is what can happen

316
00:34:55,843 --> 00:34:58,243
when prey is so abundant

317
00:34:58,243 --> 00:35:01,043
and hunters have such skill.

318
00:35:13,603 --> 00:35:17,403
False killer whales are less
than half the size of orcas...

319
00:35:19,083 --> 00:35:21,283
...but they are equally clever.

320
00:35:25,123 --> 00:35:29,403
They roam the ocean in groups
up to 50 strong.

321
00:35:33,043 --> 00:35:36,803
Right now, they're on the hunt
for other mammals.

322
00:35:36,803 --> 00:35:38,723
HIGH-PITCHED SQUEAKING

323
00:35:42,323 --> 00:35:44,883
Ocean-going bottlenose dolphins.

324
00:35:58,803 --> 00:36:01,683
But the false killers
aren't looking for prey.

325
00:36:04,043 --> 00:36:07,283
These two groups
are old acquaintances.

326
00:36:12,883 --> 00:36:15,163
In the waters around New Zealand,

327
00:36:15,163 --> 00:36:18,003
they are almost always found
together.

328
00:36:27,163 --> 00:36:30,283
{\an8}Lifelong bonds within species
are common...

329
00:36:33,243 --> 00:36:36,843
...but they are rarely seen
between different species.

330
00:36:40,203 --> 00:36:41,843
Such friendships

331
00:36:41,843 --> 00:36:44,203
between bottlenose dolphins
and false killers...

332
00:36:46,363 --> 00:36:49,323
...have been documented
going back 20 years...

333
00:36:51,003 --> 00:36:55,523
...so it's entirely possible
that individuals of both species

334
00:36:55,523 --> 00:36:57,563
recognise each other.

335
00:37:02,323 --> 00:37:05,323
They team up not only to play...

336
00:37:08,483 --> 00:37:10,203
...but in order to hunt.

337
00:37:13,563 --> 00:37:15,123
So, when one goes...

338
00:37:17,083 --> 00:37:18,723
...they all go.

339
00:37:33,523 --> 00:37:37,323
A huge school of kahawai fish.

340
00:37:49,763 --> 00:37:52,483
The false killers
swim under the shoal...

341
00:37:54,243 --> 00:37:56,243
...and drive it to the surface.

342
00:37:58,603 --> 00:38:01,523
Here, the dolphins attack.

343
00:38:12,083 --> 00:38:14,363
But despite helping,

344
00:38:14,363 --> 00:38:17,363
the whales don't appear to feed.

345
00:38:19,323 --> 00:38:22,603
For them,
the kahawai are just the bait.

346
00:38:26,923 --> 00:38:30,643
The false killers know the commotion
will attract bigger fish.

347
00:38:34,403 --> 00:38:35,963
Kingfish arrive.

348
00:38:37,523 --> 00:38:41,043
They're up to ten times heavier
than the kahawai,

349
00:38:41,043 --> 00:38:42,963
and one metre long.

350
00:38:47,523 --> 00:38:49,243
Too big for the dolphins.

351
00:38:51,323 --> 00:38:55,323
So, now it's the turn of the false
killer whales to feed.

352
00:39:07,403 --> 00:39:09,483
They form small groups

353
00:39:09,483 --> 00:39:11,083
and break up the school...

354
00:39:16,563 --> 00:39:20,203
...and then go after the fish
that get separated.

355
00:39:39,723 --> 00:39:42,243
Not all the whales make a catch.

356
00:39:44,443 --> 00:39:46,723
But they won't go hungry.

357
00:39:51,563 --> 00:39:56,163
Extraordinarily, the successful
hunters share their food.

358
00:40:19,083 --> 00:40:20,723
By helping one another...

359
00:40:21,843 --> 00:40:25,083
...they ensure that no-one
goes without.

360
00:40:43,403 --> 00:40:46,523
Teamwork, intelligence
and cooperation

361
00:40:46,523 --> 00:40:50,323
has enabled marine mammals
to flourish in the high seas.

362
00:40:52,963 --> 00:40:56,923
But one part of the ocean is still
beyond the reach of most.

363
00:40:59,523 --> 00:41:01,003
The deep.

364
00:41:02,803 --> 00:41:06,883
Only a very few are capable
of venturing here.

365
00:41:15,763 --> 00:41:18,803
A pod of sperm whales resting
near the surface.

366
00:41:27,723 --> 00:41:31,883
They spend just 7%
of their lives asleep,

367
00:41:31,883 --> 00:41:34,443
less than almost any other mammal.

368
00:41:36,203 --> 00:41:38,883
But they're also waiting here

369
00:41:38,883 --> 00:41:41,323
for another very special reason.

370
00:42:02,323 --> 00:42:05,243
The birth of a baby.

371
00:42:26,003 --> 00:42:27,883
CLICKING

372
00:42:27,883 --> 00:42:31,203
Helped into the world
by supportive relatives,

373
00:42:31,203 --> 00:42:35,083
the newborn is already
more than three metres long.

374
00:42:44,243 --> 00:42:49,043
It will grow up surrounded
and protected by close family.

375
00:43:22,123 --> 00:43:25,563
It thirsts for its mother's milk,

376
00:43:25,563 --> 00:43:29,083
but the food the mother needs
in order to produce it

377
00:43:29,083 --> 00:43:31,403
is 1,000 metres below,

378
00:43:31,403 --> 00:43:34,923
far beyond the reach
of a young calf.

379
00:43:38,163 --> 00:43:40,843
So, whilst the family
looks after the newborn...

380
00:43:43,403 --> 00:43:46,603
...the mother sets off
in search of a meal.

381
00:43:52,683 --> 00:43:55,483
Adult sperm whales may remain below,

382
00:43:55,483 --> 00:43:57,763
holding their breath, for an hour.

383
00:44:03,043 --> 00:44:07,083
As they descend, their bodies
change in an astonishing way.

384
00:44:16,763 --> 00:44:20,123
The increasing pressure
squeezes their lungs

385
00:44:20,123 --> 00:44:22,563
until they collapse completely.

386
00:44:29,803 --> 00:44:31,483
To save oxygen,

387
00:44:31,483 --> 00:44:34,243
their digestion,
kidney and liver shut down.

388
00:44:38,163 --> 00:44:41,923
{\an8}A special camera records
a rare and privileged view

389
00:44:41,923 --> 00:44:45,083
{\an8}of a hunting sperm whale,

390
00:44:45,083 --> 00:44:47,163
{\an8}sending out a stream of clicks

391
00:44:47,163 --> 00:44:50,683
{\an8}to detect prey
in the pitch blackness.

392
00:44:50,683 --> 00:44:53,283
CLICKING

393
00:44:53,283 --> 00:44:57,003
{\an8}At this depth, they start
to hunt for giant squid.

394
00:45:01,203 --> 00:45:02,723
{\an8}As the whale closes in,

395
00:45:02,723 --> 00:45:04,763
{\an8}their clicks speed up.

396
00:45:04,763 --> 00:45:06,883
RAPID CLICKING

397
00:45:09,403 --> 00:45:13,603
{\an8}A puff of ink is released
by the fleeing squid,

398
00:45:13,603 --> 00:45:16,643
{\an8}but the sperm whale isn't fooled...

399
00:45:18,323 --> 00:45:21,563
{\an8}...and the squid is eaten
in a last cloud of ink.

400
00:45:35,683 --> 00:45:37,763
As this mother returns,

401
00:45:37,763 --> 00:45:40,403
her calf, like all mammal babies,

402
00:45:40,403 --> 00:45:43,363
has only one thing on its mind.

403
00:45:45,883 --> 00:45:47,683
Milk.

404
00:46:02,603 --> 00:46:04,723
It's growing faster now

405
00:46:04,723 --> 00:46:07,523
than during its 16 months
in the womb.

406
00:46:10,123 --> 00:46:13,123
And it will consume
up to 100 litres,

407
00:46:13,123 --> 00:46:15,683
300,000 calories,

408
00:46:15,683 --> 00:46:18,683
every day for the next two years.

409
00:46:22,003 --> 00:46:24,003
To meet this demand,

410
00:46:24,003 --> 00:46:27,763
its mother will have to dive
up to 15 times every day.

411
00:46:32,363 --> 00:46:35,523
It is her ability to reach
such extreme depths

412
00:46:35,523 --> 00:46:39,003
and turn what she eats
into rich milk

413
00:46:39,003 --> 00:46:42,203
that will be the key
to her baby's success.

414
00:46:51,803 --> 00:46:53,443
Today,

415
00:46:53,443 --> 00:46:55,843
protected almost worldwide,

416
00:46:55,843 --> 00:46:58,923
the outlook for this mother
and baby,

417
00:46:58,923 --> 00:47:01,203
and all sperm whales,

418
00:47:01,203 --> 00:47:02,683
is bright.

419
00:47:11,603 --> 00:47:16,003
Even so, sperm whales
still face many threats.

420
00:47:19,443 --> 00:47:23,363
Every year, enough fishing line
is lost in our oceans

421
00:47:23,363 --> 00:47:25,603
to stretch to the moon and back...

422
00:47:27,843 --> 00:47:30,443
...together with 20 million traps,

423
00:47:30,443 --> 00:47:33,643
and carrying 14 billion hooks.

424
00:47:37,723 --> 00:47:42,043
The whales become entangled
in these so-called "ghost nets".

425
00:47:48,563 --> 00:47:51,563
The lines cut into their bodies...

426
00:47:55,163 --> 00:47:58,483
...and the floats can prevent them
from diving.

427
00:48:04,243 --> 00:48:08,283
Theirs is a slow
and agonising death.

428
00:48:15,523 --> 00:48:18,643
We are now aware
of the threats we create.

429
00:48:20,923 --> 00:48:25,843
Surely, we should now do everything
we can to prevent them.

430
00:48:40,563 --> 00:48:43,163
The greatest challenge
for the Mammals team

431
00:48:43,163 --> 00:48:46,523
was not only filming false
killer whales in New Zealand,

432
00:48:46,523 --> 00:48:48,683
but trying for the first time

433
00:48:48,683 --> 00:48:51,603
to place a data-recording
camera onto one.

434
00:48:52,883 --> 00:48:58,243
With only 150 individuals somewhere
within 4,500 square miles,

435
00:48:58,243 --> 00:49:01,043
just finding them
will be hard enough.

436
00:49:01,043 --> 00:49:05,003
Luckily, they have the help
of Jochen Zaeschmar,

437
00:49:05,003 --> 00:49:07,123
who has been studying
this group of whales

438
00:49:07,123 --> 00:49:08,843
for the last 20 years.

439
00:49:10,643 --> 00:49:13,243
He has a directional hydrophone,

440
00:49:13,243 --> 00:49:16,443
with which he can hear the false
killer whales' whistles...

441
00:49:18,323 --> 00:49:21,563
...but only from less
than ten miles away.

442
00:49:23,403 --> 00:49:24,643
Nothing.

443
00:49:24,643 --> 00:49:27,763
I was kind of hoping...
kind of hoping to hear something.

444
00:49:27,763 --> 00:49:31,723
Cameraman Andre Rerekura
scans the horizon,

445
00:49:31,723 --> 00:49:35,883
but picking out a fin in the open
ocean is no small feat.

446
00:49:37,723 --> 00:49:39,563
The scale of the task ahead

447
00:49:39,563 --> 00:49:42,803
is dawning on assistant producer
Kyle Swann.

448
00:49:42,803 --> 00:49:44,803
Searching.
Searching, searching.

449
00:49:44,803 --> 00:49:47,403
That's kind of the strategy,

450
00:49:47,403 --> 00:49:49,563
but so far, no luck.

451
00:49:49,563 --> 00:49:51,683
With only a brief few weeks

452
00:49:51,683 --> 00:49:54,163
during which it's possible
to film them,

453
00:49:54,163 --> 00:49:56,243
it's a disappointing start.

454
00:50:02,563 --> 00:50:04,003
There's absolutely nothing.

455
00:50:05,403 --> 00:50:09,643
Over the coming days,
the team search without pause.

456
00:50:15,883 --> 00:50:17,763
Nothing.

457
00:50:17,763 --> 00:50:19,283
Absolutely nothing.

458
00:50:19,283 --> 00:50:20,563
Nothing again.

459
00:50:21,723 --> 00:50:24,123
Still, keep trying.

460
00:50:26,003 --> 00:50:29,043
They have spent 20 days
with no whales...

461
00:50:30,483 --> 00:50:33,683
...but Andre spots something
promising in the distance.

462
00:50:33,683 --> 00:50:37,643
There's a few birds,
but nothing crazy.

463
00:50:37,643 --> 00:50:40,403
Yeah, well, that's where I heard
some faint whistles there.

464
00:50:43,483 --> 00:50:45,643
Worth a look while we're here.

465
00:50:50,883 --> 00:50:52,523
Ah, I've got something!

466
00:50:52,523 --> 00:50:55,163
Whoa! We have a haul.
Oh, my God, yeah.

467
00:50:55,163 --> 00:50:56,763
It's promising.
It looks...

468
00:50:56,763 --> 00:50:59,323
I've seen a stumpy nose!

469
00:50:59,323 --> 00:51:01,603
I think we've got falsies!

470
00:51:01,603 --> 00:51:03,643
Whoa!
Falsies!

471
00:51:03,643 --> 00:51:05,843
No way! Woohoo!

472
00:51:05,843 --> 00:51:07,003
We have 'em!

473
00:51:07,003 --> 00:51:08,803
HE LAUGHS

474
00:51:14,203 --> 00:51:15,803
But with the sun setting

475
00:51:15,803 --> 00:51:19,043
and the whales capable
of covering 100 miles a day,

476
00:51:19,043 --> 00:51:21,763
the team hop on their liveaboard

477
00:51:21,763 --> 00:51:24,043
to follow the whales overnight.

478
00:51:27,283 --> 00:51:30,723
The crew takes turns on watch,

479
00:51:30,723 --> 00:51:33,083
using their eyes and ears.

480
00:51:36,923 --> 00:51:39,083
ANDRE: Yeah, we've pretty much
done circles all night.

481
00:51:39,083 --> 00:51:41,323
We're in the same spot we found
them yesterday afternoon,

482
00:51:41,323 --> 00:51:42,963
so they don't go far.

483
00:51:42,963 --> 00:51:44,923
Like Jochen says, they just sleep.

484
00:51:44,923 --> 00:51:48,523
So they've probably had
more sleep than us!

485
00:51:48,523 --> 00:51:51,003
Falsies off the bow!
Big old falsies off the bow.

486
00:51:52,643 --> 00:51:55,803
Woohoo-hoo!
There's one just here.

487
00:51:55,803 --> 00:51:58,283
Oh, my God,
this is just amazing.

488
00:52:00,323 --> 00:52:02,203
They're in a good mood.

489
00:52:02,203 --> 00:52:05,123
A new dawn presents a new challenge.

490
00:52:07,003 --> 00:52:08,883
Back on the filming boat,

491
00:52:08,883 --> 00:52:12,323
the team follow the false killers
as they hunt.

492
00:52:13,803 --> 00:52:17,443
No-one has ever recorded them
creating a bait ball before.

493
00:52:19,243 --> 00:52:22,483
But the whales can swim at 20mph,

494
00:52:22,483 --> 00:52:26,323
so Andre has brought
a little extra propulsion.

495
00:52:30,723 --> 00:52:32,643
ANDRE: The scooter's a game-changer.

496
00:52:34,403 --> 00:52:37,923
You can free-dive down with,
you know, a full lung of air,

497
00:52:37,923 --> 00:52:39,323
all your energy,

498
00:52:39,323 --> 00:52:43,603
and hold your breath for a minute
and a half to two minutes with ease.

499
00:52:43,603 --> 00:52:46,843
The scooter lets him
keep up with false killers

500
00:52:46,843 --> 00:52:50,683
and helps propel him swiftly
into the heart of the action.

501
00:53:01,883 --> 00:53:03,883
Once the feeding frenzy is over,

502
00:53:03,883 --> 00:53:06,683
the whales turn their attention
to Andre.

503
00:53:10,403 --> 00:53:12,843
ANDRE: This incredible interaction.

504
00:53:12,843 --> 00:53:15,843
It just... just made me
realise how amazing

505
00:53:15,843 --> 00:53:17,803
and intelligent these animals are.

506
00:53:17,803 --> 00:53:20,043
CLICKING

507
00:53:20,043 --> 00:53:22,203
It was really unique
and really special.

508
00:53:25,803 --> 00:53:28,603
That was... Woo!

509
00:53:28,603 --> 00:53:30,443
I can't even explain that!

510
00:53:34,163 --> 00:53:37,043
Having captured
this extraordinary behaviour,

511
00:53:37,043 --> 00:53:40,443
the team switch to the most
difficult goal of the trip...

512
00:53:42,683 --> 00:53:45,723
...to place a suction tag on a whale.

513
00:53:48,283 --> 00:53:50,843
For 20 years,
Jochen has studied this group

514
00:53:50,843 --> 00:53:52,723
of false killer whales,

515
00:53:52,723 --> 00:53:54,603
but this would be a first.

516
00:53:57,683 --> 00:54:01,523
The tag contains a camera
and a data collector.

517
00:54:01,523 --> 00:54:04,843
Combined, they will give Jochen
new insights

518
00:54:04,843 --> 00:54:07,403
into how these animals
spend their time underwater.

519
00:54:09,603 --> 00:54:12,243
Getting close enough to attach a tag

520
00:54:12,243 --> 00:54:16,003
will take every ounce of Jochen's
expertise and understanding.

521
00:54:18,203 --> 00:54:19,803
Here they are.

522
00:54:19,803 --> 00:54:22,283
While they're just chilled,
I'll just go in there real slow.

523
00:54:23,603 --> 00:54:25,643
Hope to... Hope to get lucky.

524
00:54:27,963 --> 00:54:29,763
OK, OK, OK, OK.

525
00:54:31,643 --> 00:54:33,883
Beautiful, beautiful,
beautiful, beautiful.

526
00:54:33,883 --> 00:54:36,283
OK.
No, no, no.

527
00:54:37,363 --> 00:54:39,803
No. No, no, on the next one,
on the next one.

528
00:54:39,803 --> 00:54:42,883
They're going down a bit.
We'll get them, we'll get them.

529
00:54:44,043 --> 00:54:46,203
Trying to find
that perfect moment!

530
00:54:46,203 --> 00:54:48,203
Heart's going through the roof!

531
00:54:53,163 --> 00:54:55,243
JOCHEN: This is a bunch
of different males.

532
00:54:55,243 --> 00:54:57,123
Let's see, though,
see how they like us.

533
00:54:58,443 --> 00:55:00,603
They're all coming together now.

534
00:55:09,563 --> 00:55:12,283
There's just so, so many factors.

535
00:55:12,283 --> 00:55:14,203
The way the angle of the camera is,

536
00:55:14,203 --> 00:55:16,243
where it comes up next to you.

537
00:55:16,243 --> 00:55:18,363
I'm hopeful. It's hard work.

538
00:55:18,363 --> 00:55:20,163
They're not making it easy.

539
00:55:20,163 --> 00:55:21,843
As the wind drops,

540
00:55:21,843 --> 00:55:24,643
the team have a brief
but perfect opportunity.

541
00:55:28,043 --> 00:55:29,443
JOCHEN: So I'm just going to...

542
00:55:30,763 --> 00:55:33,163
...ease my way over towards them.

543
00:55:33,163 --> 00:55:34,403
Wait.

544
00:55:39,643 --> 00:55:40,883
OK, this is it.

545
00:55:45,763 --> 00:55:47,963
Yeah!
We did it! We did it!

546
00:55:47,963 --> 00:55:49,443
We did it!

547
00:55:49,443 --> 00:55:51,363
THEY LAUGH

548
00:55:51,363 --> 00:55:52,603
Well done!

549
00:55:57,603 --> 00:55:59,643
Woooo!

550
00:56:01,003 --> 00:56:03,603
We did it. We did it!
I'm so happy!

551
00:56:06,163 --> 00:56:08,243
THEY CHEER

552
00:56:08,243 --> 00:56:11,123
It's not just the achievement
of getting the tag on,

553
00:56:11,123 --> 00:56:14,003
it's the promise
of what it will reveal.

554
00:56:17,243 --> 00:56:20,883
{\an8}And that turns out
to be astounding.

555
00:56:20,883 --> 00:56:22,963
Intimate food sharing

556
00:56:22,963 --> 00:56:24,803
and new hunting strategies

557
00:56:24,803 --> 00:56:28,043
have been recorded
for the very first time,

558
00:56:28,043 --> 00:56:32,483
giving us a new perspective
on mammals' lives underwater.

559
00:56:35,403 --> 00:56:38,643
Next time -
we venture into the cold.

560
00:56:38,643 --> 00:56:41,523
A vast and unforgiving world...

561
00:56:41,523 --> 00:56:44,323
BARKING AND GROWLING

562
00:56:44,323 --> 00:56:48,203
...where mammals,
through sheer tenacity

563
00:56:48,203 --> 00:56:50,203
and adapation...

564
00:56:52,203 --> 00:56:55,723
...have found a way to make it home.