1 00:00:31,963 --> 00:00:33,603 Namibia, 2 00:00:33,603 --> 00:00:35,123 Southern Africa. 3 00:00:42,843 --> 00:00:45,683 A vast, dried-up lakebed... 4 00:00:57,043 --> 00:00:58,883 ...where temperatures can reach 5 00:00:58,883 --> 00:01:01,163 almost 50 degrees Celsius. 6 00:01:01,163 --> 00:01:03,363 DISTANT BRAYING 7 00:01:12,963 --> 00:01:14,843 Overheating 8 00:01:14,843 --> 00:01:16,723 is dangerous for all. 9 00:01:24,443 --> 00:01:27,763 Nonetheless, in this cauldron of heat... 10 00:01:30,883 --> 00:01:33,923 ...mammals have found a way to survive. 11 00:01:44,243 --> 00:01:45,963 Across the planet, 12 00:01:45,963 --> 00:01:49,163 {\an8}mammals have learnt how to deal with heat... 13 00:01:51,163 --> 00:01:53,443 ...in the most remarkable ways. 14 00:02:11,683 --> 00:02:14,563 The Serra da Capivara in Brazil. 15 00:02:15,763 --> 00:02:18,763 A world of harsh, dry forest... 16 00:02:23,003 --> 00:02:25,363 ...and scorched cliff faces. 17 00:02:30,043 --> 00:02:32,803 Here, the dry season lasts 18 00:02:32,803 --> 00:02:34,803 for up to seven months. 19 00:02:37,643 --> 00:02:40,043 And what little rain that falls 20 00:02:40,043 --> 00:02:41,803 quickly disappears. 21 00:02:44,323 --> 00:02:45,723 Despite this, 22 00:02:45,723 --> 00:02:48,083 one mammal has made it home. 23 00:02:50,203 --> 00:02:53,443 A family of bearded capuchins. 24 00:03:03,883 --> 00:03:05,243 They have spent the night 25 00:03:05,243 --> 00:03:07,363 high up on the cliff faces, 26 00:03:07,363 --> 00:03:10,323 safe from any predators below. 27 00:03:13,043 --> 00:03:14,443 It may be early, 28 00:03:14,443 --> 00:03:17,363 but already temperatures are beginning to soar. 29 00:03:20,043 --> 00:03:21,123 The troop 30 00:03:21,123 --> 00:03:23,123 needs to find water. 31 00:03:25,683 --> 00:03:27,883 And none need it more 32 00:03:27,883 --> 00:03:29,043 than a mother. 33 00:03:30,643 --> 00:03:31,723 Without it, 34 00:03:31,723 --> 00:03:33,803 she won't be able to produce the milk 35 00:03:33,803 --> 00:03:35,643 essential for her young baby. 36 00:03:37,803 --> 00:03:41,243 But first, they must make the treacherous journey 37 00:03:41,243 --> 00:03:43,283 down to the forest floor. 38 00:03:58,243 --> 00:04:00,883 The newborn must hold on tight. 39 00:04:06,523 --> 00:04:09,203 Others forge ahead. 40 00:04:29,363 --> 00:04:32,283 For the first to reach the forest floor... 41 00:04:34,963 --> 00:04:37,443 ...the last few cashew fruit 42 00:04:37,443 --> 00:04:40,323 provide some welcome sustenance. 43 00:04:46,363 --> 00:04:49,403 But there's not enough to go around. 44 00:04:50,763 --> 00:04:53,243 Mother and baby must go without. 45 00:04:57,043 --> 00:04:58,843 At nearly 40 degrees, 46 00:04:58,843 --> 00:05:01,243 the heat is relentless. 47 00:05:10,363 --> 00:05:11,683 Desperate, 48 00:05:11,683 --> 00:05:13,563 the troop look for anything 49 00:05:13,563 --> 00:05:15,403 that might contain water. 50 00:05:32,083 --> 00:05:34,803 Could the trees provide the solution? 51 00:05:43,603 --> 00:05:45,163 Hidden in some trunks, 52 00:05:45,163 --> 00:05:47,443 there is a little water, 53 00:05:47,443 --> 00:05:49,843 left over from the last rains. 54 00:05:57,043 --> 00:05:58,403 But reaching it 55 00:05:58,403 --> 00:06:00,563 is a real monkey puzzle. 56 00:06:06,483 --> 00:06:08,403 Mammals, however, 57 00:06:08,403 --> 00:06:11,283 are experts at solving problems. 58 00:06:14,563 --> 00:06:17,683 An older male tries a different approach. 59 00:06:22,683 --> 00:06:24,563 Perhaps a bit more brains 60 00:06:24,563 --> 00:06:26,323 and a little less brawn. 61 00:06:39,443 --> 00:06:42,883 A stick produces a dribble of success. 62 00:06:46,883 --> 00:06:49,843 Having watched all the others try, 63 00:06:49,843 --> 00:06:52,563 the mother finally gets her turn. 64 00:07:14,043 --> 00:07:16,123 WATER SLOSHES 65 00:07:30,883 --> 00:07:33,603 Her tail acts like a sponge... 66 00:07:34,723 --> 00:07:36,123 ...soaking up any water 67 00:07:36,123 --> 00:07:38,043 that has collected in the trunk. 68 00:07:42,163 --> 00:07:45,243 Being able to tap these hidden wells 69 00:07:45,243 --> 00:07:47,243 is more than just a clever trick. 70 00:07:49,283 --> 00:07:51,723 It's a life-saving lesson... 71 00:07:54,203 --> 00:07:57,483 ...and one the rest of her family quickly learn. 72 00:08:02,283 --> 00:08:04,963 Their ability to solve such problems 73 00:08:04,963 --> 00:08:07,283 will help the troop survive 74 00:08:07,283 --> 00:08:09,243 these long, hot, dry months. 75 00:08:15,443 --> 00:08:17,643 And, finally, the newborn 76 00:08:17,643 --> 00:08:20,283 can get a much-needed drink of its own. 77 00:08:32,323 --> 00:08:34,043 But there are places 78 00:08:34,043 --> 00:08:37,003 that are even hotter and even drier. 79 00:08:41,643 --> 00:08:43,123 Australia - 80 00:08:43,123 --> 00:08:46,243 the driest inhabited continent on Earth, 81 00:08:46,243 --> 00:08:49,283 with almost a million square miles of desert. 82 00:08:53,643 --> 00:08:57,523 A furnace where water is almost impossible to find. 83 00:09:10,043 --> 00:09:11,963 An Arabian camel. 84 00:09:13,323 --> 00:09:17,963 Introduced in the 1800s by early explorers, 85 00:09:17,963 --> 00:09:20,963 it's estimated that as many as one million 86 00:09:20,963 --> 00:09:22,763 now roam the outback. 87 00:09:30,843 --> 00:09:33,563 For this lone male in search of a mate, 88 00:09:33,563 --> 00:09:35,243 desert plants 89 00:09:35,243 --> 00:09:37,763 provide a few slim pickings. 90 00:09:40,923 --> 00:09:42,723 Any surplus nutrients 91 00:09:42,723 --> 00:09:45,963 can be stored in his most famous feature... 92 00:09:48,083 --> 00:09:49,483 ...his hump. 93 00:09:51,003 --> 00:09:52,483 Full of fat, 94 00:09:52,483 --> 00:09:54,563 it's a built-in energy store 95 00:09:54,563 --> 00:09:56,603 that can be tapped when needed. 96 00:10:01,763 --> 00:10:04,763 And as long as he can find food, 97 00:10:04,763 --> 00:10:08,083 he can go without drinking for months. 98 00:10:32,043 --> 00:10:33,603 At last, 99 00:10:33,603 --> 00:10:35,603 what he's been looking for. 100 00:10:37,563 --> 00:10:39,243 GRUNTING 101 00:10:39,243 --> 00:10:41,723 A herd of females. 102 00:10:56,363 --> 00:10:57,443 It's important 103 00:10:57,443 --> 00:10:59,683 that he makes a good first impression. 104 00:11:04,723 --> 00:11:08,083 GURGLING BELLOW 105 00:11:08,083 --> 00:11:10,763 And he has a special way of doing so... 106 00:11:13,363 --> 00:11:14,963 ...with a dulla. 107 00:11:16,323 --> 00:11:20,803 GURGLING 108 00:11:22,123 --> 00:11:25,043 BELLOWING 109 00:11:25,043 --> 00:11:27,403 This inflatable sac 110 00:11:27,403 --> 00:11:29,643 is unique to camels, 111 00:11:29,643 --> 00:11:32,403 and accompanied by loud gurgling... 112 00:11:32,403 --> 00:11:33,563 GURGLING 113 00:11:33,563 --> 00:11:36,203 ...is his way of attracting females. 114 00:11:53,283 --> 00:11:55,483 Has he done enough to impress? 115 00:11:59,923 --> 00:12:01,283 GRUNTING 116 00:12:01,283 --> 00:12:02,683 Apparently not. 117 00:12:02,683 --> 00:12:05,963 A raised tail is a polite way of saying, 118 00:12:05,963 --> 00:12:07,443 "No, thank you." 119 00:12:13,043 --> 00:12:15,723 Not so easy after all. 120 00:12:18,643 --> 00:12:20,443 Could she be the one? 121 00:12:20,443 --> 00:12:22,083 GRUNTING 122 00:12:27,523 --> 00:12:29,403 BELLOWING 123 00:12:29,403 --> 00:12:30,883 Looking good! 124 00:12:37,443 --> 00:12:38,963 BELLOWING 125 00:12:40,163 --> 00:12:42,163 Bad luck, Romeo. 126 00:12:42,163 --> 00:12:44,083 GURGLING 127 00:12:46,043 --> 00:12:48,283 Despite his best efforts, 128 00:12:48,283 --> 00:12:50,443 it's not been his day. 129 00:12:57,083 --> 00:12:59,043 Camels have overcome 130 00:12:59,043 --> 00:13:01,643 the desert's greatest test - 131 00:13:01,643 --> 00:13:03,163 its lack of water. 132 00:13:05,603 --> 00:13:08,043 {\an8}But this is not the only challenge 133 00:13:08,043 --> 00:13:09,363 {\an8}faced by mammals 134 00:13:09,363 --> 00:13:11,763 {\an8}in hot and arid conditions. 135 00:13:13,963 --> 00:13:15,523 {\an8}Just as dangerous 136 00:13:15,523 --> 00:13:18,043 {\an8}is the risk of overheating. 137 00:13:34,363 --> 00:13:35,883 Sifaka lemurs... 138 00:13:36,923 --> 00:13:38,283 ...in one of the hottest 139 00:13:38,283 --> 00:13:41,043 and driest places in Madagascar. 140 00:13:44,203 --> 00:13:46,643 The trees provide some shade... 141 00:13:47,563 --> 00:13:50,523 ...and a little relief from the burning sun. 142 00:13:59,603 --> 00:14:01,363 But with midday temperatures 143 00:14:01,363 --> 00:14:03,923 that can exceed 45 degrees... 144 00:14:05,363 --> 00:14:08,843 ...the heat up here soon becomes unbearable... 145 00:14:17,883 --> 00:14:20,123 ...especially for the babies... 146 00:14:21,203 --> 00:14:23,843 ...the most vulnerable members of the group. 147 00:14:33,123 --> 00:14:34,683 But sifaka 148 00:14:34,683 --> 00:14:36,603 have an unusual and clever way 149 00:14:36,603 --> 00:14:38,043 to cool down... 150 00:14:43,043 --> 00:14:46,403 {\an8}...if only they can find the right tree. 151 00:15:17,203 --> 00:15:19,123 And once they have... 152 00:15:23,443 --> 00:15:24,923 ...they hug it. 153 00:15:31,043 --> 00:15:33,083 The Salvadora tree 154 00:15:33,083 --> 00:15:35,123 is one of their favourites. 155 00:15:41,283 --> 00:15:43,323 These trees draw up cool water 156 00:15:43,323 --> 00:15:44,963 from deep below ground... 157 00:15:46,123 --> 00:15:49,403 ...so their trunks are a few degrees cooler 158 00:15:49,403 --> 00:15:51,243 than everything else around. 159 00:15:55,283 --> 00:15:57,363 At the hottest time of day, 160 00:15:57,363 --> 00:16:01,923 some embraces can last for over four hours. 161 00:16:05,603 --> 00:16:07,963 And some trees are so popular... 162 00:16:09,163 --> 00:16:11,403 ...there isn't an inch to spare. 163 00:16:17,083 --> 00:16:19,083 This remarkable behaviour 164 00:16:19,083 --> 00:16:23,123 was first recorded by scientists in 2017. 165 00:16:39,163 --> 00:16:41,123 As the world becomes hotter, 166 00:16:41,123 --> 00:16:44,043 we may see cooling behaviours like this 167 00:16:44,043 --> 00:16:46,283 become more and more common. 168 00:16:56,083 --> 00:16:59,923 But some sifakas have gone one stage further. 169 00:17:06,803 --> 00:17:09,043 They know the best place 170 00:17:09,043 --> 00:17:10,563 is within the trunk 171 00:17:10,563 --> 00:17:12,523 of the Salvadora tree. 172 00:17:19,803 --> 00:17:22,683 Here, the temperature can be even cooler. 173 00:17:29,003 --> 00:17:31,443 And that can give real respite 174 00:17:31,443 --> 00:17:33,683 from the oven outside. 175 00:17:43,323 --> 00:17:46,083 Sifakas have learnt that tree-hugging 176 00:17:46,083 --> 00:17:49,163 is an effective way to keep cool. 177 00:17:53,043 --> 00:17:54,283 But some mammals 178 00:17:54,283 --> 00:17:58,203 face a far more dangerous source of heat than the sun. 179 00:18:03,043 --> 00:18:06,443 The dry eucalyptus forests of Australia. 180 00:18:08,363 --> 00:18:12,363 Home to one of the most bizarre of all mammals. 181 00:18:16,883 --> 00:18:18,443 An echidna. 182 00:18:22,363 --> 00:18:24,683 It's one of the most ancient of mammals 183 00:18:24,683 --> 00:18:26,563 and reproduces 184 00:18:26,563 --> 00:18:28,283 by laying eggs. 185 00:18:31,323 --> 00:18:33,283 SNIFFING 186 00:18:36,043 --> 00:18:37,523 She's out foraging, 187 00:18:37,523 --> 00:18:40,083 using her highly sensitive nose 188 00:18:40,083 --> 00:18:42,403 to look for ants and termites. 189 00:18:55,243 --> 00:18:57,083 To work at its best, 190 00:18:57,083 --> 00:18:59,283 her nose has to be kept moist. 191 00:18:59,283 --> 00:19:00,643 And this has led her 192 00:19:00,643 --> 00:19:03,803 to developing an unusual skill. 193 00:19:05,803 --> 00:19:08,283 She blows snot bubbles. 194 00:19:09,803 --> 00:19:11,803 As the moisture evaporates, 195 00:19:11,803 --> 00:19:13,803 it helps to cool her down. 196 00:19:21,163 --> 00:19:24,043 But this female is not alone. 197 00:19:37,403 --> 00:19:39,043 She can be followed 198 00:19:39,043 --> 00:19:41,683 by up to ten or more males... 199 00:19:45,043 --> 00:19:47,523 ...all vying for her attention. 200 00:19:50,363 --> 00:19:51,763 It's what is known 201 00:19:51,763 --> 00:19:54,043 as a love train. 202 00:20:05,443 --> 00:20:08,083 And it can run for weeks. 203 00:20:14,363 --> 00:20:17,563 One male has managed to get close. 204 00:20:19,363 --> 00:20:22,043 With such a prickly partner, 205 00:20:22,043 --> 00:20:24,563 a gentle touch is needed. 206 00:20:27,483 --> 00:20:29,763 But some romantic liaisons 207 00:20:29,763 --> 00:20:32,123 don't last long. 208 00:20:32,123 --> 00:20:34,323 With their sensitive noses, 209 00:20:34,323 --> 00:20:36,563 echidnas can detect 210 00:20:36,563 --> 00:20:38,923 the early signs of danger. 211 00:20:45,163 --> 00:20:46,643 A bushfire. 212 00:20:51,963 --> 00:20:53,443 Their best chance of safety 213 00:20:53,443 --> 00:20:55,603 {\an8}is to get underground. 214 00:21:03,403 --> 00:21:05,643 Echidnas often go underground 215 00:21:05,643 --> 00:21:08,403 to avoid the severe heat of the day. 216 00:21:12,043 --> 00:21:14,003 But they also have to do so 217 00:21:14,003 --> 00:21:16,083 to escape the heat of a bushfire. 218 00:21:25,763 --> 00:21:28,763 Between 2019 and 2020, 219 00:21:28,763 --> 00:21:30,123 Australia experienced 220 00:21:30,123 --> 00:21:33,843 its most catastrophic bushfire season on record. 221 00:21:43,803 --> 00:21:46,763 Over 100,000 square miles, 222 00:21:46,763 --> 00:21:49,723 an area larger than the United Kingdom, 223 00:21:49,723 --> 00:21:51,203 was devastated. 224 00:21:54,843 --> 00:21:57,803 But in such dangerous conditions, 225 00:21:57,803 --> 00:22:01,443 echidna have a remarkable survival skill. 226 00:22:04,483 --> 00:22:06,643 They go into a deep sleep 227 00:22:06,643 --> 00:22:09,043 known as a torpor. 228 00:22:11,723 --> 00:22:13,843 It's a form of hibernation, 229 00:22:13,843 --> 00:22:15,843 during which their heart rate 230 00:22:15,843 --> 00:22:18,443 may slow to only four beats a minute. 231 00:22:20,603 --> 00:22:23,083 Their core body temperature drops. 232 00:22:25,283 --> 00:22:27,683 And they may only take a breath 233 00:22:27,683 --> 00:22:29,723 once every three minutes. 234 00:22:32,203 --> 00:22:33,403 By doing this, 235 00:22:33,403 --> 00:22:37,523 they can live for days without food or water. 236 00:22:54,843 --> 00:22:57,323 After the fire has passed... 237 00:23:01,683 --> 00:23:05,323 ...the echidnas begin to emerge. 238 00:23:13,963 --> 00:23:16,603 Not all are unscathed. 239 00:23:19,043 --> 00:23:20,563 Melted spines 240 00:23:20,563 --> 00:23:22,043 show that this one 241 00:23:22,043 --> 00:23:23,923 has had a close call. 242 00:23:32,723 --> 00:23:33,843 But others 243 00:23:33,843 --> 00:23:35,843 show no ill effects. 244 00:23:38,763 --> 00:23:40,643 Their unique adaptations 245 00:23:40,643 --> 00:23:42,123 have kept them safe. 246 00:23:45,363 --> 00:23:49,163 But as global temperatures rise, 247 00:23:49,163 --> 00:23:52,003 forest fires are becoming more intense... 248 00:23:53,123 --> 00:23:54,603 ...and more frequent. 249 00:23:57,563 --> 00:24:00,683 The survival skills of echidnas 250 00:24:00,683 --> 00:24:02,883 will become even more crucial. 251 00:24:11,243 --> 00:24:13,603 Going underground to avoid the heat 252 00:24:13,603 --> 00:24:15,643 makes obvious sense, 253 00:24:15,643 --> 00:24:16,843 but one mammal 254 00:24:16,843 --> 00:24:19,603 does the exact opposite. 255 00:24:22,883 --> 00:24:25,523 Harris's antelope squirrel. 256 00:24:31,083 --> 00:24:33,203 Even during the height of summer, 257 00:24:33,203 --> 00:24:34,683 when ground temperatures 258 00:24:34,683 --> 00:24:37,363 can exceed 80 degrees Celsius... 259 00:24:38,563 --> 00:24:40,363 ...he will be out foraging 260 00:24:40,363 --> 00:24:43,523 amongst the cactus of the Arizona desert. 261 00:24:48,563 --> 00:24:50,363 By being out now, 262 00:24:50,363 --> 00:24:53,723 he avoids competition from other mammals. 263 00:24:53,723 --> 00:24:57,443 But the squirrels don't have it all their own way. 264 00:25:02,483 --> 00:25:04,323 A rattlesnake, 265 00:25:04,323 --> 00:25:05,883 which is looking for 266 00:25:05,883 --> 00:25:07,643 a rodent-sized meal. 267 00:25:17,443 --> 00:25:19,403 It's a stand-off... 268 00:25:20,843 --> 00:25:22,723 ...to see who can withstand 269 00:25:22,723 --> 00:25:24,203 the most heat. 270 00:25:29,203 --> 00:25:32,003 As the ground temperature continues to rise, 271 00:25:32,003 --> 00:25:34,203 the squirrel's core temperature 272 00:25:34,203 --> 00:25:36,723 reaches 43 degrees Celsius. 273 00:25:40,003 --> 00:25:42,363 That would be fatal for humans 274 00:25:42,363 --> 00:25:44,443 and most other animals. 275 00:25:47,523 --> 00:25:49,723 But the squirrels have a clever trick 276 00:25:49,723 --> 00:25:52,803 that can quickly reduce their body temperature. 277 00:25:56,963 --> 00:25:59,123 He heat-dumps. 278 00:26:01,763 --> 00:26:03,323 By spreading its hot body 279 00:26:03,323 --> 00:26:05,963 against the cooler sand in the shade, 280 00:26:05,963 --> 00:26:08,123 a squirrel can rapidly reduce 281 00:26:08,123 --> 00:26:10,043 its body temperature down 282 00:26:10,043 --> 00:26:12,843 by up to one degree a minute. 283 00:26:18,363 --> 00:26:21,003 The rattlesnake simply can't compete. 284 00:26:23,523 --> 00:26:25,683 It has to find shelter 285 00:26:25,683 --> 00:26:27,323 to avoid overheating. 286 00:26:34,003 --> 00:26:35,683 With the coast now clear, 287 00:26:35,683 --> 00:26:38,363 the squirrel can continue his search 288 00:26:38,363 --> 00:26:41,483 {\an8}for the fruit of the spiny cholla cactus. 289 00:26:48,323 --> 00:26:49,803 But this one 290 00:26:49,803 --> 00:26:53,243 has already lost all of its low-hanging fruit. 291 00:26:55,203 --> 00:26:56,923 There's only one thing for it. 292 00:27:00,683 --> 00:27:02,283 He will have to clamber up 293 00:27:02,283 --> 00:27:04,803 the spine-covered branches. 294 00:27:09,323 --> 00:27:11,403 He must be very cautious. 295 00:27:24,163 --> 00:27:25,723 But this fruit... 296 00:27:25,723 --> 00:27:27,443 ...is a stretch... 297 00:27:27,443 --> 00:27:29,483 ...too... far. 298 00:27:32,923 --> 00:27:34,243 Try again. 299 00:28:00,003 --> 00:28:02,083 But the price of success 300 00:28:02,083 --> 00:28:03,443 can be painful. 301 00:28:05,963 --> 00:28:07,003 He has to remove 302 00:28:07,003 --> 00:28:09,483 some very sharp spines. 303 00:28:18,923 --> 00:28:21,803 A final heat-dump 304 00:28:21,803 --> 00:28:24,523 before enjoying the fruit 305 00:28:24,523 --> 00:28:25,963 of his labour. 306 00:28:30,363 --> 00:28:31,923 This tiny squirrel 307 00:28:31,923 --> 00:28:35,443 has found a clever way to deal with the heat. 308 00:28:40,083 --> 00:28:42,443 But when you're nearly six metres tall 309 00:28:42,443 --> 00:28:44,563 and weigh almost two tonnes... 310 00:28:45,883 --> 00:28:48,843 ...it's altogether a much bigger problem. 311 00:28:58,323 --> 00:28:59,803 The Hoanib Valley 312 00:28:59,803 --> 00:29:02,283 on Namibia's Skeleton Coast. 313 00:29:08,203 --> 00:29:11,803 Home to some of nature's real giants. 314 00:29:16,923 --> 00:29:18,203 Giraffes. 315 00:29:25,643 --> 00:29:29,243 This herd is guarded by a dominant bull. 316 00:29:47,403 --> 00:29:50,163 They spend much of their day out in the open, 317 00:29:50,163 --> 00:29:51,643 searching for food. 318 00:29:54,283 --> 00:29:56,163 Their tongues are black 319 00:29:56,163 --> 00:29:59,483 with a pigment that acts as a sunblock. 320 00:30:08,563 --> 00:30:10,923 But this is only one of the ways 321 00:30:10,923 --> 00:30:13,523 by which a giraffe beats the heat. 322 00:30:24,203 --> 00:30:25,643 It's now about to use 323 00:30:25,643 --> 00:30:29,203 another of its heat-beating adaptations. 324 00:30:34,243 --> 00:30:35,883 A rival male. 325 00:30:42,763 --> 00:30:44,723 He approaches the females. 326 00:30:49,843 --> 00:30:52,723 The dominant bull moves to intercept. 327 00:31:01,723 --> 00:31:03,603 The bulls square up. 328 00:31:17,243 --> 00:31:19,523 These blows are violent enough 329 00:31:19,523 --> 00:31:22,203 to tear skin and break bone. 330 00:31:31,043 --> 00:31:33,723 They're now pushing themselves to the limit. 331 00:31:34,883 --> 00:31:36,363 Their core temperatures 332 00:31:36,363 --> 00:31:39,283 are rising to near-lethal levels. 333 00:31:41,163 --> 00:31:43,243 The reason they don't overheat 334 00:31:43,243 --> 00:31:46,363 is connected to their distinctive skin pattern. 335 00:31:48,563 --> 00:31:50,083 A thermal camera reveals 336 00:31:50,083 --> 00:31:52,483 that below each brown spot 337 00:31:52,483 --> 00:31:55,243 there is a dense network of blood vessels. 338 00:31:59,923 --> 00:32:02,683 As the giraffes' body temperatures rise... 339 00:32:04,083 --> 00:32:06,083 ...these blood vessels expand... 340 00:32:07,523 --> 00:32:09,243 ...releasing body heat... 341 00:32:10,203 --> 00:32:12,563 ...so enabling them to fight on. 342 00:32:17,443 --> 00:32:18,683 The force of each blow 343 00:32:18,683 --> 00:32:21,403 is visible as a white-hot slash. 344 00:32:40,323 --> 00:32:41,843 SNORTS 345 00:32:41,843 --> 00:32:43,723 The dominant bull wins... 346 00:32:45,243 --> 00:32:47,163 ...and his rival retreats. 347 00:32:59,643 --> 00:33:02,603 In Trinidad lives a mammal 348 00:33:02,603 --> 00:33:05,563 that detects the heat that animals produce... 349 00:33:06,883 --> 00:33:09,003 ...and uses it to guide them 350 00:33:09,003 --> 00:33:11,763 to a drink of their victim's blood. 351 00:33:27,963 --> 00:33:31,243 The white-winged vampire bat. 352 00:33:34,763 --> 00:33:36,043 On the prowl 353 00:33:36,043 --> 00:33:37,683 for its next victim. 354 00:33:59,523 --> 00:34:02,163 This cockerel is fast asleep. 355 00:34:12,163 --> 00:34:13,763 But the bat must be careful. 356 00:34:15,283 --> 00:34:17,123 Cockerels are light sleepers. 357 00:34:24,003 --> 00:34:26,043 The bite must be delivered 358 00:34:26,043 --> 00:34:27,483 with precision. 359 00:34:33,723 --> 00:34:35,563 Heat-sensitive receptors 360 00:34:35,563 --> 00:34:37,203 enable vampire bats 361 00:34:37,203 --> 00:34:39,123 to detect subtle differences 362 00:34:39,123 --> 00:34:40,523 in temperature... 363 00:34:43,283 --> 00:34:45,643 ...so it can pinpoint exactly 364 00:34:45,643 --> 00:34:48,563 where the warm blood flows close to the skin. 365 00:34:58,923 --> 00:35:00,083 She bites. 366 00:35:07,323 --> 00:35:11,523 Her saliva contains a powerful anticoagulant 367 00:35:11,523 --> 00:35:13,443 known as draculin. 368 00:35:14,443 --> 00:35:16,483 It ensures that the blood 369 00:35:16,483 --> 00:35:18,763 continues to flow freely. 370 00:35:20,483 --> 00:35:22,563 This helps her feed quickly 371 00:35:22,563 --> 00:35:24,683 and avoids her being noticed. 372 00:35:33,083 --> 00:35:36,043 But blood isn't, in fact, very nutritious, 373 00:35:36,043 --> 00:35:37,523 so the bats have to drink 374 00:35:37,523 --> 00:35:39,443 over half their own body weight 375 00:35:39,443 --> 00:35:41,163 in one sitting. 376 00:35:42,923 --> 00:35:44,003 As a result, 377 00:35:44,003 --> 00:35:46,483 flight becomes nearly impossible. 378 00:35:50,163 --> 00:35:52,083 But her kidneys are remarkable... 379 00:35:54,203 --> 00:35:57,123 ...and quickly extract the water from her meal. 380 00:36:00,043 --> 00:36:01,883 So, within minutes, 381 00:36:01,883 --> 00:36:04,403 she vanishes into the darkness... 382 00:36:05,643 --> 00:36:09,203 ...leaving the cockerel none the wiser. 383 00:36:09,203 --> 00:36:11,083 CLUCKS QUIETLY 384 00:36:16,403 --> 00:36:18,043 While vampire bats use heat 385 00:36:18,043 --> 00:36:21,403 from the blood of their victims to find their meals, 386 00:36:21,403 --> 00:36:24,803 one mammal uses the heat from the sun. 387 00:36:26,603 --> 00:36:29,003 Uganda, in Africa, 388 00:36:29,003 --> 00:36:30,923 on the banks of the River Nile. 389 00:36:33,763 --> 00:36:36,003 A troop of baboons has gathered 390 00:36:36,003 --> 00:36:39,003 at the end of the long, hot dry season. 391 00:36:41,843 --> 00:36:42,923 They are waiting 392 00:36:42,923 --> 00:36:45,683 for a very special seasonal opportunity. 393 00:36:47,843 --> 00:36:49,243 It begins 394 00:36:49,243 --> 00:36:51,963 {\an8}with the annual emergence of flying termites. 395 00:36:58,043 --> 00:36:59,603 They provide the baboons 396 00:36:59,603 --> 00:37:02,443 with a small but much-needed treat. 397 00:37:12,283 --> 00:37:14,243 But the older members of the troop 398 00:37:14,243 --> 00:37:17,763 know there is another delicacy to be found here... 399 00:37:23,043 --> 00:37:24,643 ...one that provides them 400 00:37:24,643 --> 00:37:27,043 with a far more nourishing meal. 401 00:37:29,123 --> 00:37:30,883 SCREECHES 402 00:37:33,043 --> 00:37:34,723 A Nile crocodile. 403 00:37:40,483 --> 00:37:42,003 She laid her eggs... 404 00:37:43,443 --> 00:37:45,083 ...in the warm sand. 405 00:37:47,683 --> 00:37:51,283 The baboons would steal them if they could. 406 00:37:51,283 --> 00:37:52,763 BARKS 407 00:37:55,523 --> 00:37:57,523 But the crocodile, 408 00:37:57,523 --> 00:38:00,003 weighing nearly a quarter of a ton, 409 00:38:00,003 --> 00:38:03,443 is one of Africa's most formidable predators 410 00:38:03,443 --> 00:38:06,403 and well able to kill a baboon... 411 00:38:06,403 --> 00:38:07,643 SNARLS 412 00:38:07,643 --> 00:38:08,763 BARKS 413 00:38:08,763 --> 00:38:10,443 HISSES 414 00:38:10,443 --> 00:38:13,763 ...so the utmost caution is required. 415 00:38:17,363 --> 00:38:19,123 Their plan is simple. 416 00:38:24,243 --> 00:38:25,643 They wait. 417 00:38:29,803 --> 00:38:32,283 Whilst the crocodile must stay in the sun, 418 00:38:32,283 --> 00:38:33,963 guarding its nest... 419 00:38:35,843 --> 00:38:39,043 ...the baboons keep their cool in the shade... 420 00:38:40,723 --> 00:38:43,323 ...waiting for just the right moment. 421 00:38:50,683 --> 00:38:53,123 The crocodile begins to gape. 422 00:38:58,843 --> 00:39:01,363 It's a way of losing heat. 423 00:39:05,803 --> 00:39:07,603 The sun 424 00:39:07,603 --> 00:39:09,003 gets stronger. 425 00:39:12,483 --> 00:39:15,043 But the crocodile stays on guard 426 00:39:15,043 --> 00:39:17,043 and risks overheating. 427 00:39:21,483 --> 00:39:23,163 GRUNTS QUIETLY 428 00:39:29,403 --> 00:39:31,763 Eventually, it gets so hot... 429 00:39:33,243 --> 00:39:35,643 ...that it takes to the water to cool down. 430 00:39:47,883 --> 00:39:51,203 But the baboons still do... 431 00:39:51,203 --> 00:39:52,643 ...nothing. 432 00:39:55,443 --> 00:39:58,443 Their waiting game has not yet finished. 433 00:40:02,363 --> 00:40:03,683 {\an8}There's no sense 434 00:40:03,683 --> 00:40:06,083 {\an8}in overexerting yourself in the heat... 435 00:40:07,603 --> 00:40:10,323 {\an8}...when you can let hungry monitor lizards 436 00:40:10,323 --> 00:40:11,883 {\an8}do the hard work. 437 00:40:35,003 --> 00:40:36,203 Finally, 438 00:40:36,203 --> 00:40:38,923 the moment they have been waiting for. 439 00:40:41,403 --> 00:40:43,563 MONITOR LIZARD HISSES 440 00:40:43,563 --> 00:40:46,283 Now they need to move fast. 441 00:40:46,283 --> 00:40:48,803 The crocodile won't be away for long. 442 00:41:01,523 --> 00:41:02,803 BABOONS BARK 443 00:41:02,803 --> 00:41:04,403 CROCODILE HISSES 444 00:41:11,003 --> 00:41:12,683 The oppressive heat 445 00:41:12,683 --> 00:41:16,083 has allowed the baboons to get the food they want. 446 00:41:23,763 --> 00:41:26,043 But there are few places in Africa 447 00:41:26,043 --> 00:41:27,843 where the battle to find food 448 00:41:27,843 --> 00:41:29,523 is more demanding 449 00:41:29,523 --> 00:41:32,683 than the Etosha salt pan in Namibia. 450 00:41:40,603 --> 00:41:44,283 As temperatures rise across this vast wilderness, 451 00:41:44,283 --> 00:41:46,083 mammals of many kinds 452 00:41:46,083 --> 00:41:49,203 are gathering around a shrinking water hole. 453 00:41:51,923 --> 00:41:54,403 DISTANT BRAYING 454 00:41:59,523 --> 00:42:01,243 For a female jackal... 455 00:42:02,763 --> 00:42:05,083 ...this is a good place to hunt. 456 00:42:08,803 --> 00:42:11,563 But it's almost too crowded. 457 00:42:11,563 --> 00:42:13,323 ELEPHANT TRUMPETS 458 00:42:16,163 --> 00:42:18,323 For a jackal to be successful, 459 00:42:18,323 --> 00:42:20,443 it needs to be clever. 460 00:42:22,123 --> 00:42:23,643 Just a ghost 461 00:42:23,643 --> 00:42:24,803 in the background. 462 00:42:31,763 --> 00:42:33,843 Some of the largest mammals on Earth 463 00:42:33,843 --> 00:42:35,763 dominate the water's edge. 464 00:42:37,443 --> 00:42:39,123 ELEPHANT RUMBLES 465 00:42:44,723 --> 00:42:47,443 The jackal must bide her time. 466 00:42:55,883 --> 00:42:57,643 BABY ELEPHANT TRUMPETS 467 00:43:00,443 --> 00:43:01,963 DISTANT SQUAWKING 468 00:43:01,963 --> 00:43:04,523 She spots possible prey. 469 00:43:10,243 --> 00:43:11,483 Guinea fowl. 470 00:43:12,443 --> 00:43:17,603 ELEPHANT RUMBLES 471 00:43:25,443 --> 00:43:28,643 SQUAWKING 472 00:43:48,843 --> 00:43:50,403 Thirst, however, 473 00:43:50,403 --> 00:43:52,283 dominates everything else. 474 00:43:53,963 --> 00:43:56,323 And hunters and hunted 475 00:43:56,323 --> 00:43:58,603 drink alongside one another. 476 00:44:04,763 --> 00:44:06,883 Temperatures are still rising. 477 00:44:06,883 --> 00:44:09,003 BRAYING 478 00:44:10,803 --> 00:44:12,843 The drinkers start to quarrel... 479 00:44:20,283 --> 00:44:21,763 ...and she retreats. 480 00:44:27,363 --> 00:44:28,403 But then... 481 00:44:29,923 --> 00:44:32,723 ...things get even more difficult. 482 00:44:37,083 --> 00:44:38,643 A hyena. 483 00:44:44,603 --> 00:44:46,243 More than capable 484 00:44:46,243 --> 00:44:48,163 of killing a jackal. 485 00:44:56,643 --> 00:44:59,403 But driven by hunger and thirst... 486 00:44:59,403 --> 00:45:01,043 JACKAL YELPS 487 00:45:04,403 --> 00:45:07,123 ...this female holds her ground... 488 00:45:16,803 --> 00:45:18,683 JACKAL YELPS 489 00:45:18,683 --> 00:45:22,083 ...and now can get back to hunting. 490 00:45:26,283 --> 00:45:28,203 This time, she sets her sights 491 00:45:28,203 --> 00:45:29,803 on a flock of doves... 492 00:45:36,683 --> 00:45:39,923 ...and tries a more subtle approach. 493 00:45:43,643 --> 00:45:46,123 Hiding in plain sight. 494 00:45:50,523 --> 00:45:52,163 Lulling the birds 495 00:45:52,163 --> 00:45:55,003 into a false sense of security. 496 00:46:14,603 --> 00:46:17,243 She waits for the perfect moment. 497 00:46:27,003 --> 00:46:29,203 But they aren't so easily caught. 498 00:46:33,003 --> 00:46:34,163 Nonetheless... 499 00:46:35,403 --> 00:46:36,883 ...she's determined. 500 00:47:09,243 --> 00:47:11,443 Success at last. 501 00:47:16,763 --> 00:47:18,603 Her mate arrives... 502 00:47:20,043 --> 00:47:23,163 ...and he has brought their hungry pups with him. 503 00:47:30,683 --> 00:47:32,923 With so many mouths to feed... 504 00:47:34,163 --> 00:47:36,803 ...she will have to be hunting again soon. 505 00:47:36,803 --> 00:47:40,243 PUP WHINES 506 00:47:43,843 --> 00:47:46,763 Mammals have an extraordinary ability 507 00:47:46,763 --> 00:47:48,083 to find water... 508 00:47:50,123 --> 00:47:51,523 ...stay cool... 509 00:47:53,083 --> 00:47:54,643 ...and use heat 510 00:47:54,643 --> 00:47:56,163 to their advantage. 511 00:47:57,643 --> 00:47:59,763 That has enabled them to flourish 512 00:47:59,763 --> 00:48:02,763 in some of the harshest and hottest environments 513 00:48:02,763 --> 00:48:04,243 on the planet. 514 00:48:10,123 --> 00:48:13,283 But if the world is indeed to become even hotter, 515 00:48:13,283 --> 00:48:14,643 as is predicted... 516 00:48:16,563 --> 00:48:19,403 ...then the challenges facing mammals 517 00:48:19,403 --> 00:48:22,763 will become greater than they have ever been. 518 00:48:38,083 --> 00:48:39,643 In Madagascar, 519 00:48:39,643 --> 00:48:41,803 the Mammals team hoped to be the first to film 520 00:48:41,803 --> 00:48:44,403 some recently discovered behaviour... 521 00:48:46,043 --> 00:48:48,883 ...sifaka lemurs tree-hugging. 522 00:48:50,283 --> 00:48:52,203 But to get there, 523 00:48:52,203 --> 00:48:54,963 it's a three-day drive over rough terrain. 524 00:48:57,123 --> 00:48:59,803 A little too much for producer Rob Pilley. 525 00:49:02,603 --> 00:49:04,283 HE RETCHES 526 00:49:11,403 --> 00:49:13,643 Happy to be back on terra firma, 527 00:49:13,643 --> 00:49:15,443 the team set off on foot 528 00:49:15,443 --> 00:49:17,283 through the spiny forest. 529 00:49:18,723 --> 00:49:20,203 They've joined forces 530 00:49:20,203 --> 00:49:21,763 with local scientists 531 00:49:21,763 --> 00:49:23,763 from the ESSA research group. 532 00:49:25,283 --> 00:49:27,883 And thanks to their expertise, 533 00:49:27,883 --> 00:49:30,603 it doesn't take long to find the sifaka. 534 00:49:35,643 --> 00:49:37,403 WHISPERS: They're a little wary of humans, 535 00:49:37,403 --> 00:49:40,123 so we have to go really slowly, approach them slowly. 536 00:49:40,123 --> 00:49:41,923 They're quite skittish. 537 00:49:44,443 --> 00:49:46,723 The sifaka are much more nimble 538 00:49:46,723 --> 00:49:48,403 moving through the forest 539 00:49:48,403 --> 00:49:51,323 than the crew carrying bulky kit. 540 00:49:52,403 --> 00:49:53,883 Keeping up with the troop 541 00:49:53,883 --> 00:49:56,243 is not without its snags. 542 00:49:56,243 --> 00:49:57,883 Ah, everything is out to get you, 543 00:49:57,883 --> 00:50:00,243 it's just this giant cactus forest. 544 00:50:00,243 --> 00:50:02,083 They are everywhere, the spines. 545 00:50:03,523 --> 00:50:05,083 And the dense scrub 546 00:50:05,083 --> 00:50:07,523 makes getting any shots a challenge. 547 00:50:09,043 --> 00:50:12,363 Yeah, it kind of makes you almost forced to shoot 548 00:50:12,363 --> 00:50:15,003 such high-angle shots when it's so dense 549 00:50:15,003 --> 00:50:16,723 cos we can't get further back. 550 00:50:16,723 --> 00:50:18,643 Also just manoeuvring around the forest, 551 00:50:18,643 --> 00:50:20,243 it's pretty hectic. 552 00:50:20,243 --> 00:50:22,563 Trying to go quietly without snagging your camera 553 00:50:22,563 --> 00:50:24,763 or your lens or a cable or... 554 00:50:24,763 --> 00:50:26,763 ...is, uh, not easy. 555 00:50:28,483 --> 00:50:30,163 Over the following days, 556 00:50:30,163 --> 00:50:33,123 the team struggle through the heat, 557 00:50:33,123 --> 00:50:36,203 with the lemurs giving them the run-around. 558 00:50:36,203 --> 00:50:39,763 We just found a group and they've just disappeared off. 559 00:50:39,763 --> 00:50:43,043 This is going to be a marathon, not a sprint. 560 00:50:43,043 --> 00:50:44,603 Lemurs Behaving Badly! 561 00:50:51,723 --> 00:50:54,083 As temperatures rise, 562 00:50:54,083 --> 00:50:56,283 the lemurs finally seem to settle. 563 00:51:00,683 --> 00:51:02,443 HE EXHALES 564 00:51:02,443 --> 00:51:05,843 This could be a breakthrough for the team. 565 00:51:05,843 --> 00:51:08,363 WHISPERS: Stu is up front. 566 00:51:08,363 --> 00:51:09,843 It's just possible 567 00:51:09,843 --> 00:51:11,043 that we have found 568 00:51:11,043 --> 00:51:13,763 the perfect tree-hugging group. 569 00:51:17,603 --> 00:51:18,803 Fingers crossed. 570 00:51:23,643 --> 00:51:25,003 Not this time. 571 00:51:26,323 --> 00:51:28,923 Just been given the run-around all morning by these lemurs - 572 00:51:28,923 --> 00:51:30,843 starburst, every direction. 573 00:51:30,843 --> 00:51:32,283 Couldn't get a single shot. 574 00:51:32,283 --> 00:51:34,363 It's like the worst day ever! 575 00:51:39,403 --> 00:51:40,763 Back at camp, 576 00:51:40,763 --> 00:51:43,483 it's 45 degrees in the shade. 577 00:51:46,003 --> 00:51:49,203 While Stuart finds a way to cool himself off... 578 00:51:49,203 --> 00:51:50,643 Whew! That's good! 579 00:51:50,643 --> 00:51:53,883 ...Jeandre is more worried about the equipment. 580 00:51:53,883 --> 00:51:56,763 We raised the laptop up on these hard drives 581 00:51:56,763 --> 00:51:59,163 to give it some cooling. It's just too hot. 582 00:51:59,163 --> 00:52:00,603 The cameras are melting. 583 00:52:00,603 --> 00:52:02,083 The little metal pins in the camera 584 00:52:02,083 --> 00:52:03,923 have literally melted. It's... 585 00:52:03,923 --> 00:52:05,563 I've never had that on a shoot. 586 00:52:08,803 --> 00:52:10,043 Despite the heat, 587 00:52:10,043 --> 00:52:11,563 the team are forced to work 588 00:52:11,563 --> 00:52:13,403 during the hottest part of the day 589 00:52:13,403 --> 00:52:14,723 if they want to film 590 00:52:14,723 --> 00:52:17,123 this unique tree-hugging behaviour. 591 00:52:21,243 --> 00:52:24,243 But as the lemurs lead them deeper into the forest, 592 00:52:24,243 --> 00:52:26,763 they notice something is amiss. 593 00:52:28,083 --> 00:52:30,963 In the heart of this protected area, 594 00:52:30,963 --> 00:52:33,523 there are signs that trees have been felled. 595 00:52:37,043 --> 00:52:39,603 We see for the last two, three years 596 00:52:39,603 --> 00:52:42,003 increasing cutting within the forest 597 00:52:42,003 --> 00:52:43,803 and we believe that it's because 598 00:52:43,803 --> 00:52:46,243 these people are so desperate 599 00:52:46,243 --> 00:52:49,723 and cut the trees for the forage for their animals 600 00:52:49,723 --> 00:52:51,723 and then for their daily needs. 601 00:52:53,003 --> 00:52:54,763 With ongoing drought, 602 00:52:54,763 --> 00:52:56,403 crops are failing, 603 00:52:56,403 --> 00:52:58,443 and local people are forced 604 00:52:58,443 --> 00:53:01,163 to turn to the forest to make ends meet. 605 00:53:03,483 --> 00:53:05,283 Across Madagascar, 606 00:53:05,283 --> 00:53:08,043 deforestation and the effects of climate change 607 00:53:08,043 --> 00:53:10,083 are only making life harder 608 00:53:10,083 --> 00:53:12,283 for both wildlife and people. 609 00:53:13,763 --> 00:53:16,283 It's a sobering reminder to the team 610 00:53:16,283 --> 00:53:19,043 of the problems faced by these lemurs, 611 00:53:19,043 --> 00:53:22,923 who are having to adapt to a rapidly changing world. 612 00:53:25,323 --> 00:53:26,563 Back on the trail, 613 00:53:26,563 --> 00:53:29,683 the team split up to cover more ground. 614 00:53:32,563 --> 00:53:34,123 Now separated, 615 00:53:34,123 --> 00:53:36,803 the researchers have a special way to keep in touch. 616 00:53:38,723 --> 00:53:40,603 HE WHOOPS 617 00:53:41,843 --> 00:53:44,603 HE WHOOPS 618 00:53:44,603 --> 00:53:47,603 Using calls similar to the animals 619 00:53:47,603 --> 00:53:49,803 lets them maintain a low profile. 620 00:53:50,883 --> 00:53:53,323 But as they push forward, 621 00:53:53,323 --> 00:53:54,603 the heat of the day 622 00:53:54,603 --> 00:53:57,723 is taking its toll on Jeandre and Rob. 623 00:53:58,963 --> 00:54:01,043 We... we all just have to stop for a bit, 624 00:54:01,043 --> 00:54:02,483 have a breather. 625 00:54:06,123 --> 00:54:08,123 And when they start moving again, 626 00:54:08,123 --> 00:54:11,043 they quickly realise they're lost. 627 00:54:11,043 --> 00:54:12,443 It all looks the same. 628 00:54:16,043 --> 00:54:17,363 I think it's up here. 629 00:54:19,043 --> 00:54:20,843 We're not really quite sure... 630 00:54:22,923 --> 00:54:24,083 ...where we are. 631 00:54:30,443 --> 00:54:31,923 HE WHOOPS 632 00:54:39,643 --> 00:54:40,883 Ow! 633 00:54:46,803 --> 00:54:48,083 In these conditions, 634 00:54:48,083 --> 00:54:50,923 it only takes a few hours for heatstroke to set in. 635 00:54:50,923 --> 00:54:52,443 ROB WHOOPS 636 00:55:00,883 --> 00:55:02,723 WHOOPING 637 00:55:02,723 --> 00:55:04,883 Yeah, OK, they're ahead, they're ahead. That's good. 638 00:55:05,843 --> 00:55:07,443 There's a friendly face! 639 00:55:07,443 --> 00:55:09,643 UNTRANSLATED 640 00:55:09,643 --> 00:55:11,363 So nice to see you. 641 00:55:11,363 --> 00:55:13,323 Somebody wandered off that way... 642 00:55:13,323 --> 00:55:15,123 Quickly, things can go really pear-shaped 643 00:55:15,123 --> 00:55:17,563 unless you're on your game, so... 644 00:55:17,563 --> 00:55:19,203 A lesson learned, definitely. 645 00:55:21,563 --> 00:55:23,403 Despite this close call, 646 00:55:23,403 --> 00:55:25,603 the team are determined to continue. 647 00:55:29,163 --> 00:55:31,003 It's the hottest day so far, 648 00:55:31,003 --> 00:55:33,083 which should work in their favour. 649 00:55:43,563 --> 00:55:44,883 At last, 650 00:55:44,883 --> 00:55:47,243 they find a group that is settling. 651 00:55:56,483 --> 00:56:00,483 Lemurs only tree-hug in the hottest conditions. 652 00:56:02,043 --> 00:56:05,163 All the crew can do now is wait. 653 00:56:42,203 --> 00:56:43,243 Finally... 654 00:56:45,363 --> 00:56:46,603 ...what they came for. 655 00:57:00,203 --> 00:57:03,883 Thanks to the work of this research team, 656 00:57:03,883 --> 00:57:08,083 {\an8}the efforts to protect the sifakas' home 657 00:57:08,083 --> 00:57:09,123 will continue. 658 00:57:10,163 --> 00:57:12,043 With the education 659 00:57:12,043 --> 00:57:15,043 and working together at different levels, 660 00:57:15,043 --> 00:57:17,363 from locals to national, 661 00:57:17,363 --> 00:57:18,883 to international levels, 662 00:57:18,883 --> 00:57:20,963 for common goals, 663 00:57:20,963 --> 00:57:25,163 then I be very optimistic, the future of Madagascar. 664 00:57:29,963 --> 00:57:32,123 Next time... 665 00:57:32,123 --> 00:57:34,123 ...forests, where we 666 00:57:34,123 --> 00:57:39,003 discover how nearly three quarters of all mammal species 667 00:57:39,003 --> 00:57:43,203 have made their home in this, 668 00:57:43,203 --> 00:57:47,403 the richest and most diverse habitat... 669 00:57:49,083 --> 00:57:50,683 ...on Earth.