1 00:00:32,923 --> 00:00:35,163 A Bengal tiger. 2 00:00:42,243 --> 00:00:45,323 She is looking for prey. 3 00:00:51,163 --> 00:00:53,323 One of these deer, perhaps. 4 00:01:23,643 --> 00:01:25,763 But the slightest sound from her... 5 00:01:26,963 --> 00:01:28,563 ...could warn them. 6 00:01:39,163 --> 00:01:41,723 She will have to try elsewhere. 7 00:01:49,883 --> 00:01:51,963 The forests of the world 8 00:01:51,963 --> 00:01:57,323 are home to two-thirds of all species of mammals. 9 00:02:06,443 --> 00:02:11,643 For them, it is the most important habitat of all. 10 00:02:22,203 --> 00:02:24,643 Equatorial Africa. 11 00:02:30,563 --> 00:02:32,643 Chimpanzees. 12 00:02:38,803 --> 00:02:43,283 This young chimp has discovered a cloud of bees. 13 00:02:43,283 --> 00:02:45,523 They're coming from a hole in the tree, 14 00:02:45,523 --> 00:02:49,283 and he knows that there could be something sweet in there. 15 00:02:52,803 --> 00:02:54,443 But it's well defended. 16 00:03:00,643 --> 00:03:05,523 The alpha male knows the kind of bee that doesn't sting. 17 00:03:12,363 --> 00:03:14,923 But they live underground. 18 00:03:16,003 --> 00:03:19,843 So, to get their honey, you need a tool. 19 00:03:24,203 --> 00:03:26,683 A straight stick should do the job. 20 00:03:29,003 --> 00:03:31,283 If it's the right length. 21 00:03:58,283 --> 00:04:03,123 A sniff tells him that there is honey down there somewhere. 22 00:04:08,243 --> 00:04:10,363 Got it. 23 00:04:21,603 --> 00:04:25,643 He found it - and the others will have to wait. 24 00:04:35,283 --> 00:04:37,363 Mm! 25 00:04:37,363 --> 00:04:39,803 That looks nice. 26 00:04:39,803 --> 00:04:42,603 Is there enough for two, perhaps? 27 00:04:51,003 --> 00:04:53,123 Apparently not. 28 00:04:58,963 --> 00:05:01,563 Perhaps he's left some behind. 29 00:05:06,283 --> 00:05:07,923 No. 30 00:05:14,003 --> 00:05:19,043 But up in the trees, there is more substantial prey. 31 00:05:28,403 --> 00:05:30,883 Red-capped mangabeys. 32 00:05:53,363 --> 00:05:56,563 The alpha male investigates. 33 00:06:12,763 --> 00:06:16,003 Others stay on the ground 34 00:06:16,003 --> 00:06:19,083 and get ahead of the mangabeys. 35 00:06:36,563 --> 00:06:40,643 And then some quietly climb into the trees. 36 00:07:00,003 --> 00:07:03,403 The trap is set. 37 00:07:26,243 --> 00:07:27,683 The leader charges. 38 00:07:34,203 --> 00:07:37,043 Some hunters return to the forest floor... 39 00:07:38,803 --> 00:07:42,163 ...to prevent their prey from coming to the ground. 40 00:08:04,003 --> 00:08:07,123 In panic, the monkeys flee directly towards 41 00:08:07,123 --> 00:08:09,403 the chimps waiting in ambush. 42 00:08:19,043 --> 00:08:21,083 And are caught. 43 00:08:28,563 --> 00:08:31,403 The chimps, young and old, 44 00:08:31,403 --> 00:08:33,643 females and males, 45 00:08:33,643 --> 00:08:36,443 all share in the feast. 46 00:08:41,203 --> 00:08:45,683 Teamwork has won, and is rewarded. 47 00:09:03,243 --> 00:09:08,403 The forests of Madagascar have their own special fauna, 48 00:09:08,403 --> 00:09:11,963 and it's unlike any other in the world. 49 00:09:19,523 --> 00:09:22,643 Among the strangest creatures 50 00:09:22,643 --> 00:09:26,323 are little mammals called tenrecs. 51 00:09:28,003 --> 00:09:30,723 They have poor eyesight, 52 00:09:30,723 --> 00:09:33,083 but a keen sense of smell, 53 00:09:33,083 --> 00:09:35,483 and will eat almost any small creature 54 00:09:35,483 --> 00:09:37,643 they can find in the leaf litter. 55 00:09:45,723 --> 00:09:50,083 And they manage to find food almost anywhere. 56 00:10:14,243 --> 00:10:17,203 One of the smaller members of the family 57 00:10:17,203 --> 00:10:19,883 is having difficulty in keeping up. 58 00:10:28,723 --> 00:10:31,243 And there are dangers around. 59 00:11:02,563 --> 00:11:07,043 The mother realises that one of her family is missing. 60 00:11:11,363 --> 00:11:15,883 She calls to the wanderer using a special instrument - 61 00:11:15,883 --> 00:11:18,643 a patch of stiff bristles on her back 62 00:11:18,643 --> 00:11:20,443 that can be vibrated. 63 00:11:39,363 --> 00:11:43,243 The wanderer recognises the summons 64 00:11:43,243 --> 00:11:44,883 and heads towards it. 65 00:11:50,763 --> 00:11:55,043 But adult and young are separated by a stream. 66 00:12:00,283 --> 00:12:03,363 It's only a metre or so across, 67 00:12:03,363 --> 00:12:07,563 but that is quite a distance for a tiny tenrec. 68 00:12:26,283 --> 00:12:31,323 Oddly, perhaps, tenrecs can swim. 69 00:12:57,363 --> 00:13:00,123 Now it'll have to climb. 70 00:13:05,083 --> 00:13:09,083 Strong toes and hooked claws 71 00:13:09,083 --> 00:13:12,483 enable it to cope with the slippery mud. 72 00:13:18,443 --> 00:13:20,403 Reunited. 73 00:13:34,203 --> 00:13:39,883 Madagascar's rainforests are tropical, hot and dense. 74 00:13:41,723 --> 00:13:45,643 The forests of North America are also thick. 75 00:13:47,403 --> 00:13:50,923 But they are very cold indeed. 76 00:13:59,363 --> 00:14:02,203 This is the home of the forest bobcat. 77 00:14:08,203 --> 00:14:10,483 High in the trees, 78 00:14:10,483 --> 00:14:14,723 a lone female has seen what she's been waiting for. 79 00:14:17,403 --> 00:14:19,483 The meal that will be essential 80 00:14:19,483 --> 00:14:21,843 if she is to survive the coming winter. 81 00:14:30,723 --> 00:14:34,403 The streams are full of newcomers. 82 00:14:36,963 --> 00:14:38,523 Salmon. 83 00:14:40,483 --> 00:14:43,283 Having spent years feeding at sea, 84 00:14:43,283 --> 00:14:46,203 they come back here to spawn. 85 00:14:50,323 --> 00:14:53,723 Otters have been waiting for them 86 00:14:53,723 --> 00:14:56,163 and know how to catch them. 87 00:15:11,643 --> 00:15:16,563 But cats don't have thick waterproof fur, like otters. 88 00:15:22,523 --> 00:15:25,923 And few like getting their feet wet. 89 00:15:35,563 --> 00:15:39,523 She's much more at home on land than in the water. 90 00:15:44,723 --> 00:15:47,803 A fallen tree across the river could help. 91 00:15:57,043 --> 00:16:00,243 She follows the salmon upstream... 92 00:16:03,923 --> 00:16:07,803 ...looking for a place where they're forced to swim close 93 00:16:07,803 --> 00:16:10,483 to the river bank. 94 00:16:20,043 --> 00:16:24,323 One of these fish could weigh more than she does. 95 00:16:29,003 --> 00:16:32,003 This is not going to be easy. 96 00:16:44,003 --> 00:16:46,523 It's too big and powerful... 97 00:16:47,643 --> 00:16:52,003 ...but these huge fish are worth fighting for. 98 00:17:07,403 --> 00:17:11,083 She follows the river still further upstream. 99 00:17:26,523 --> 00:17:28,523 It's now narrower... 100 00:17:28,523 --> 00:17:30,243 ...but swifter. 101 00:17:48,043 --> 00:17:50,803 This could be her chance. 102 00:18:24,443 --> 00:18:30,043 This is the first bobcat ever filmed catching salmon. 103 00:18:38,963 --> 00:18:43,203 It's an extraordinary display of the determination 104 00:18:43,203 --> 00:18:48,363 that she will need if she is to survive the cold months ahead. 105 00:18:59,683 --> 00:19:01,763 As temperatures fall, 106 00:19:01,763 --> 00:19:07,283 some forests have become draped in a thick layer of snow. 107 00:19:13,763 --> 00:19:17,323 Most of the animals that were here in the summer 108 00:19:17,323 --> 00:19:20,563 have long since retreated south. 109 00:19:22,963 --> 00:19:27,283 Those that remain have to dig to reach the vegetation 110 00:19:27,283 --> 00:19:29,763 that lies beneath the snow. 111 00:19:32,443 --> 00:19:34,843 But high in the trees, 112 00:19:34,843 --> 00:19:38,643 one mammal gets about without touching the ground. 113 00:19:47,403 --> 00:19:49,803 A Siberian squirrel. 114 00:19:55,283 --> 00:19:57,243 It... 115 00:19:57,243 --> 00:19:59,243 ...can glide. 116 00:20:22,923 --> 00:20:28,083 A furry membrane stretches from its wrists to its ankles. 117 00:20:32,003 --> 00:20:35,883 There could hardly be a more efficient way of travelling. 118 00:20:53,803 --> 00:20:55,843 At this time of the year, 119 00:20:55,843 --> 00:20:59,603 the female squirrels are not only feeding for themselves. 120 00:21:11,923 --> 00:21:16,283 They're also raising families. 121 00:21:21,443 --> 00:21:24,483 A disused woodpecker's nest hole 122 00:21:24,483 --> 00:21:28,523 protects the young squirrels from the sub-zero temperature. 123 00:21:38,523 --> 00:21:41,323 Their mother's precious milk must sustain them 124 00:21:41,323 --> 00:21:43,763 throughout the winter. 125 00:21:54,763 --> 00:21:56,963 Five weeks later... 126 00:21:58,963 --> 00:22:03,563 ...the warmth of spring has transformed the forests. 127 00:22:14,523 --> 00:22:19,443 It's time for the young squirrels to leave the shelter of their nest. 128 00:22:22,163 --> 00:22:25,763 But first flights are somewhat daunting. 129 00:22:44,963 --> 00:22:48,003 One of the youngsters seems keen. 130 00:22:50,203 --> 00:22:53,923 And one not quite so confident. 131 00:22:53,923 --> 00:22:58,923 The first climbs up the tree, while the other watches. 132 00:23:00,043 --> 00:23:03,763 The higher up they go, the further they will glide. 133 00:23:08,363 --> 00:23:09,603 And then... 134 00:23:12,523 --> 00:23:14,283 ...lift-off! 135 00:23:18,923 --> 00:23:21,483 Made it. 136 00:23:21,483 --> 00:23:25,403 But the other seems to have pre-flight nerves. 137 00:23:35,083 --> 00:23:39,003 Perhaps he'll try... tomorrow. 138 00:23:42,923 --> 00:23:46,043 The warm forests of Costa Rica. 139 00:23:47,483 --> 00:23:50,283 One sound rings out in the dawn. 140 00:23:55,403 --> 00:23:59,923 It can travel for almost three miles in every direction. 141 00:24:03,083 --> 00:24:07,323 It's the loudest call made by any land mammal. 142 00:24:08,923 --> 00:24:10,723 And the singer? 143 00:24:14,923 --> 00:24:17,323 A howler monkey. 144 00:24:18,763 --> 00:24:22,603 A dominant male is proclaiming his family's occupation 145 00:24:22,603 --> 00:24:25,563 of this particular patch of forest. 146 00:24:41,683 --> 00:24:46,323 They eat fruit, but primarily they are leaf-eaters, 147 00:24:46,323 --> 00:24:50,683 and they have already stripped this tree of most of its leaves. 148 00:24:55,163 --> 00:24:57,563 It's time for them to move on. 149 00:24:59,483 --> 00:25:02,723 But they rarely descend to the ground. 150 00:25:06,323 --> 00:25:09,083 Like many South American monkeys, 151 00:25:09,083 --> 00:25:11,683 they have a grasping tail 152 00:25:11,683 --> 00:25:15,443 that they use, in effect, as a fifth limb. 153 00:25:21,123 --> 00:25:25,243 With its help, they manage to bridge great gaps. 154 00:25:39,683 --> 00:25:42,403 Living in such large groups... 155 00:25:43,963 --> 00:25:47,443 ...there is always help for the youngsters. 156 00:25:54,443 --> 00:25:58,283 But sometimes, when you're 30 metres up, 157 00:25:58,283 --> 00:26:02,683 you have to take a leap of faith. 158 00:26:17,603 --> 00:26:20,403 Once, they could find great areas 159 00:26:20,403 --> 00:26:23,203 of uninterrupted forest canopy. 160 00:26:29,523 --> 00:26:35,843 But today, they have to venture into towns to find the leaves they need. 161 00:26:41,643 --> 00:26:43,963 The alpha male is the leader. 162 00:26:45,483 --> 00:26:48,043 It's up to him to find food. 163 00:26:51,483 --> 00:26:54,683 This is alien territory. 164 00:27:05,963 --> 00:27:08,163 And up here, 165 00:27:08,163 --> 00:27:10,083 there are dangers. 166 00:27:12,963 --> 00:27:15,403 They don't know exactly what they are... 167 00:27:30,443 --> 00:27:32,243 ...but they follow. 168 00:27:43,643 --> 00:27:47,683 Their grasping tails are now particularly valuable... 169 00:27:49,683 --> 00:27:52,003 ...and reach cables above them. 170 00:27:53,683 --> 00:27:58,083 But if they touch more than one uninsulated electricity cable... 171 00:28:00,723 --> 00:28:03,003 ...the shock will kill them. 172 00:28:30,523 --> 00:28:32,883 In the past three years, 173 00:28:32,883 --> 00:28:37,523 nearly 1,000 monkeys have been electrocuted here. 174 00:28:52,483 --> 00:28:56,083 He keeps a watchful eye on his family. 175 00:29:29,643 --> 00:29:31,963 Once everyone is safely across, 176 00:29:31,963 --> 00:29:33,923 he follows. 177 00:29:54,203 --> 00:29:59,043 At last, they can all feed. 178 00:30:08,483 --> 00:30:11,523 That is not only essential for the howlers... 179 00:30:14,763 --> 00:30:18,683 ...but also for many of the trees on which they feed, 180 00:30:18,683 --> 00:30:22,523 which rely on them both for pollinating the flowers 181 00:30:22,523 --> 00:30:27,323 and for distributing the seeds that the fruits contain. 182 00:30:30,523 --> 00:30:34,683 It's a partnership, with rewards for each. 183 00:30:43,683 --> 00:30:46,283 And nowhere is this interdependence 184 00:30:46,283 --> 00:30:49,283 between plants and mammals more impressive... 185 00:30:50,843 --> 00:30:53,283 ...than here in central Africa. 186 00:31:00,963 --> 00:31:03,643 These straw-coloured fruit bats 187 00:31:03,643 --> 00:31:07,363 have flown right across the continent 188 00:31:07,363 --> 00:31:11,043 in order to visit this one small particular patch 189 00:31:11,043 --> 00:31:13,123 of forest in Zambia. 190 00:31:17,443 --> 00:31:21,363 Bats are the only mammals that have powered flight. 191 00:31:28,523 --> 00:31:32,403 And this enables them to visit the Zambian forest 192 00:31:32,403 --> 00:31:36,003 at precisely the time that fruit trees are ripening. 193 00:31:41,443 --> 00:31:43,723 The roost is a crowded place. 194 00:31:48,323 --> 00:31:52,763 And bats, like all of us, have things they need to do. 195 00:32:01,363 --> 00:32:03,643 One thing is for certain. 196 00:32:04,883 --> 00:32:08,283 It's better not to be in the lower branches. 197 00:32:27,163 --> 00:32:30,403 The heat of the day has passed, 198 00:32:30,403 --> 00:32:35,243 and as the light fades, the bats start to take off. 199 00:32:39,523 --> 00:32:42,243 Guided by their acute sense of smell, 200 00:32:42,243 --> 00:32:44,683 they head off in search of fruit. 201 00:32:57,603 --> 00:33:05,363 Within just 30 minutes, some ten million bats take to the air. 202 00:33:11,843 --> 00:33:16,443 This is the largest and densest concentration of mammals 203 00:33:16,443 --> 00:33:19,483 to be found anywhere on the planet. 204 00:33:49,923 --> 00:33:55,363 They consume up to 5,000 tonnes of fruit every night. 205 00:33:57,843 --> 00:34:00,763 And within three short weeks, 206 00:34:00,763 --> 00:34:05,203 they will distribute over a billion seeds. 207 00:34:05,203 --> 00:34:08,843 Enough to plant an entire forest. 208 00:34:13,843 --> 00:34:19,083 But today, both these bats and their forest are under threat. 209 00:34:26,163 --> 00:34:28,963 Human beings have claimed the land, 210 00:34:28,963 --> 00:34:33,483 cutting down trees to create farms and build houses. 211 00:34:41,803 --> 00:34:46,003 The delicate natural balance is at risk. 212 00:34:55,763 --> 00:35:00,403 Without our protection, the survival of entire forests 213 00:35:00,403 --> 00:35:04,283 and their remarkable inhabitants are in danger. 214 00:35:18,283 --> 00:35:23,443 But the impact of human activity is not always so obvious. 215 00:35:25,923 --> 00:35:31,203 In Uganda, the warming of the world is changing the landscape. 216 00:35:38,323 --> 00:35:40,643 As temperatures rise, 217 00:35:40,643 --> 00:35:44,563 the cactus-like euphorbia trees are spreading. 218 00:35:47,043 --> 00:35:50,763 And some terrestrial animals are spreading, too. 219 00:35:57,643 --> 00:36:00,563 Not laterally, but upwards. 220 00:36:02,843 --> 00:36:07,123 This pride of lions is starting to claim new territory. 221 00:36:14,283 --> 00:36:18,523 In the branches, it can be several degrees cooler 222 00:36:18,523 --> 00:36:20,643 than at ground level. 223 00:36:26,723 --> 00:36:29,363 It's a nice place to relax... 224 00:36:32,523 --> 00:36:36,363 ...if you can find somewhere comfortable to do so. 225 00:36:41,683 --> 00:36:46,083 Lions aren't really suited for life in the trees... 226 00:36:49,923 --> 00:36:52,883 ...and they're still trying to get accustomed to it. 227 00:37:05,963 --> 00:37:09,483 But there is little point in getting properly comfortable... 228 00:37:12,643 --> 00:37:15,803 ...if there are hungry mouths to be fed. 229 00:37:23,763 --> 00:37:27,003 The dominant female leads the pride... 230 00:37:28,443 --> 00:37:31,443 ...followed closely by the cubs. 231 00:37:57,683 --> 00:38:00,163 But instead of starting to hunt, 232 00:38:00,163 --> 00:38:03,403 these lions behave rather strangely. 233 00:38:09,403 --> 00:38:12,003 They start to climb. 234 00:38:24,163 --> 00:38:26,683 It's not only cooler in the branches... 235 00:38:31,643 --> 00:38:36,323 ...they also get a better view of what is going on around them. 236 00:38:45,523 --> 00:38:50,803 Up there, their scent is less noticeable than at ground level. 237 00:38:55,163 --> 00:38:59,323 Their prey seem to forget that they are even there... 238 00:39:02,523 --> 00:39:06,403 ...and stray ever closer to their tree. 239 00:39:24,483 --> 00:39:29,403 Silently, the adult lions drop into action. 240 00:39:51,483 --> 00:39:54,483 The cubs watch. 241 00:40:09,243 --> 00:40:13,643 Now patience is all-important. 242 00:40:34,963 --> 00:40:37,763 The cubs can't stop playing. 243 00:40:39,563 --> 00:40:41,763 That is too much. 244 00:40:49,363 --> 00:40:52,643 These youngsters still have a lot to learn. 245 00:41:09,523 --> 00:41:12,443 The adult lions are also adapting. 246 00:41:26,643 --> 00:41:29,243 Many things are changing. 247 00:41:35,683 --> 00:41:39,323 The future for the hunters on the savannah 248 00:41:39,323 --> 00:41:42,003 is by no means certain. 249 00:41:55,003 --> 00:41:56,523 India. 250 00:42:00,523 --> 00:42:04,483 Hidden deep in a protected tract of jungle... 251 00:42:05,883 --> 00:42:08,323 ...a new generation of tiger cubs 252 00:42:08,323 --> 00:42:11,163 are taking their first steps into the forest. 253 00:42:23,363 --> 00:42:27,843 They are healthy and strong, and growing fast. 254 00:42:33,563 --> 00:42:38,323 Their mother will soon have to go out into the forest to hunt. 255 00:43:15,963 --> 00:43:18,643 The increasing heat of summer 256 00:43:18,643 --> 00:43:22,043 has already scorched the trees and shrubs... 257 00:43:23,403 --> 00:43:25,683 ...and the jungle is bare. 258 00:43:32,363 --> 00:43:38,003 Many prey animals have left the forest to look for food elsewhere. 259 00:43:41,203 --> 00:43:45,403 Those that remain are on high alert. 260 00:44:08,843 --> 00:44:11,283 It's increasingly hot. 261 00:44:14,043 --> 00:44:17,603 {\an8}These deer are cooling off in a forest lake. 262 00:44:26,763 --> 00:44:31,883 In the water, stealth and camouflage will be of no help to her. 263 00:44:45,323 --> 00:44:47,683 But she still needs to hunt. 264 00:45:05,803 --> 00:45:09,603 She gets as close as she can to her prey, 265 00:45:09,603 --> 00:45:12,963 exploiting every last bit of cover. 266 00:45:48,443 --> 00:45:50,483 {\an8}She splits the herd. 267 00:45:59,523 --> 00:46:01,403 {\an8}She may be powerful... 268 00:46:02,923 --> 00:46:07,763 {\an8}...but chasing prey in deep water is exhausting. 269 00:46:22,483 --> 00:46:25,683 {\an8}She selects an individual near the shore... 270 00:46:27,243 --> 00:46:29,683 {\an8}...and drives it back into the forest. 271 00:46:39,123 --> 00:46:43,443 {\an8}Once on dry land, she can use all her power and speed. 272 00:47:01,803 --> 00:47:05,923 {\an8}Within minutes, the deer is suffocated. 273 00:47:15,803 --> 00:47:19,963 The tiger's great intelligence and physical skills 274 00:47:19,963 --> 00:47:24,163 make it one of the forest's most impressive hunters. 275 00:47:29,283 --> 00:47:33,043 If we protect these rich and diverse forests, 276 00:47:33,043 --> 00:47:36,563 the mammals that live in them will thrive. 277 00:47:40,443 --> 00:47:44,123 Here in India, in the space of just 20 years, 278 00:47:44,123 --> 00:47:47,963 the number of Bengal tigers has doubled. 279 00:47:53,243 --> 00:47:57,923 There are more than 6,000 species of mammals on Earth. 280 00:47:57,923 --> 00:48:03,043 But their fate lies in the hands of just one. 281 00:48:04,483 --> 00:48:06,123 Us. 282 00:48:08,763 --> 00:48:11,803 If we make the right decisions, 283 00:48:11,803 --> 00:48:14,363 we can safeguard the future 284 00:48:14,363 --> 00:48:17,003 not just for our fellow mammals... 285 00:48:18,603 --> 00:48:22,523 ...but for all life on Earth. 286 00:48:49,243 --> 00:48:51,523 Over the course of four years, 287 00:48:51,523 --> 00:48:54,723 the Mammals team travelled across the globe... 288 00:48:55,803 --> 00:48:59,323 ...filming in a great variety of forests. 289 00:49:01,923 --> 00:49:06,083 But one story took them to an unexpected setting. 290 00:49:07,643 --> 00:49:12,843 In Costa Rica, they found themselves on the streets of Playa Hermosa. 291 00:49:15,763 --> 00:49:19,003 Despite being one of the most forested countries, 292 00:49:19,003 --> 00:49:23,323 even here wildlife is competing for space with humans. 293 00:49:27,883 --> 00:49:33,443 For howlers, living in a fragmented forest has grave consequences. 294 00:49:33,443 --> 00:49:35,483 Close to the... 295 00:49:35,483 --> 00:49:42,163 The team enlisted the help of local howler expert Ines Azofeifa Rojas. 296 00:49:42,163 --> 00:49:47,043 The male from troop two and two males from troop three. 297 00:49:48,923 --> 00:49:51,283 I love the howlers. 298 00:49:51,283 --> 00:49:53,283 They are the gardeners of the forest. 299 00:49:53,283 --> 00:49:56,723 They teach me how to live in one environment 300 00:49:56,723 --> 00:49:58,643 and help another species. 301 00:50:01,243 --> 00:50:05,563 Ines has been researching these howlers for the past seven years, 302 00:50:05,563 --> 00:50:08,363 observing them as they travel in search of food 303 00:50:08,363 --> 00:50:11,523 through the town that cuts across their forest. 304 00:50:12,683 --> 00:50:17,603 When the troop is on the move, just as in the forest, 305 00:50:17,603 --> 00:50:20,323 their instinct is to stay up high. 306 00:50:24,443 --> 00:50:28,923 So when they reach a road, they use power lines. 307 00:50:35,803 --> 00:50:37,403 One male. 308 00:50:39,003 --> 00:50:42,683 Oh, my God. This is so close to the electric cable. 309 00:50:45,003 --> 00:50:49,603 If they touch more than one uninsulated cable at the same time, 310 00:50:49,603 --> 00:50:52,763 they will get a fatal electric shock. 311 00:50:57,083 --> 00:51:01,683 Each death can have a huge consequence for the troop, 312 00:51:01,683 --> 00:51:05,963 and Ines has witnessed this first-hand. 313 00:51:10,283 --> 00:51:13,683 When we found an alpha male in the power lines, 314 00:51:13,683 --> 00:51:18,043 we also lost all the infants before one year, 315 00:51:18,043 --> 00:51:21,763 because the new alpha male kill all of these infants 316 00:51:21,763 --> 00:51:23,883 to produce a new generation. 317 00:51:23,883 --> 00:51:25,683 So this is a big problem 318 00:51:25,683 --> 00:51:27,683 because we don't lost just one individual. 319 00:51:31,003 --> 00:51:35,203 Whilst 80% of howlers that get electrocuted die... 320 00:51:37,563 --> 00:51:39,323 ...some survive. 321 00:51:43,563 --> 00:51:45,963 These are often infants. 322 00:51:51,043 --> 00:51:55,523 Attached to their mothers, they are protected from a direct shock. 323 00:52:00,523 --> 00:52:02,683 But there is hope. 324 00:52:07,203 --> 00:52:10,683 There are volunteers and organisations working 325 00:52:10,683 --> 00:52:15,163 across the area to get medical treatment to those affected. 326 00:52:23,403 --> 00:52:26,723 Ines is part of an online response team, 327 00:52:26,723 --> 00:52:30,763 on call day or night to rescue survivors. 328 00:52:30,763 --> 00:52:32,843 Last night, we received a call. 329 00:52:32,843 --> 00:52:35,323 One female was electrocution. 330 00:52:35,323 --> 00:52:38,563 This female have an infant approximately one year. 331 00:52:38,563 --> 00:52:42,803 And this infant I take to the rescue centre. 332 00:52:45,563 --> 00:52:50,443 With their help, these individuals have a chance to survive. 333 00:52:51,523 --> 00:52:54,003 But it's a long road to recovery. 334 00:52:55,323 --> 00:52:59,003 Throughout the region, there are just a handful of vets 335 00:52:59,003 --> 00:53:02,203 primed to treat electrocution victims. 336 00:53:02,203 --> 00:53:05,403 Check the mouth, the teeth, how they're doing. 337 00:53:06,723 --> 00:53:08,563 This is a very big problem 338 00:53:08,563 --> 00:53:11,043 because it's so many of them getting electrocuted 339 00:53:11,043 --> 00:53:13,443 that we can be working with one animal 340 00:53:13,443 --> 00:53:16,323 and be receiving an emergency call right away. 341 00:53:16,323 --> 00:53:18,323 The survival rate is very low. 342 00:53:18,323 --> 00:53:22,403 Maybe 15 to 20% of the patients that arrive to us after an electrocution, 343 00:53:22,403 --> 00:53:24,243 they actually are able to survive 344 00:53:24,243 --> 00:53:26,763 and be able to be released back into the wild. 345 00:53:26,763 --> 00:53:29,203 We're going to do all the regular check-up 346 00:53:29,203 --> 00:53:31,403 that these individuals need. 347 00:53:31,403 --> 00:53:33,083 Check the lungs and the heart. 348 00:53:33,083 --> 00:53:36,003 Mm-hm. Everything sounds good. 349 00:53:36,003 --> 00:53:39,323 She will be with us for at least three to four years. 350 00:53:39,323 --> 00:53:42,043 During the next year that she's going to be with us, 351 00:53:42,043 --> 00:53:44,603 she's always going to be intensive care, 352 00:53:44,603 --> 00:53:48,203 because electrocution can cause severe injuries months, 353 00:53:48,203 --> 00:53:50,323 even years after the trauma. 354 00:53:50,323 --> 00:53:53,803 Hopefully, she's going to be OK and be able to be released. 355 00:53:55,483 --> 00:53:58,963 Back in town, Ines has been identifying hot spots 356 00:53:58,963 --> 00:54:02,603 where most of the electrocutions are happening. 357 00:54:02,603 --> 00:54:07,563 We can have in one accident more than one howler electrocute. 358 00:54:07,563 --> 00:54:12,363 We have some spots that maybe we have five or six individuals 359 00:54:12,363 --> 00:54:14,923 that, in the moment, in the power line. 360 00:54:18,803 --> 00:54:22,603 There is a solution that offers safe passage. 361 00:54:24,563 --> 00:54:29,563 Today, the team are putting up a bridge in a hot spot area, 362 00:54:29,563 --> 00:54:33,643 to give the monkeys an alternative to the power lines. 363 00:54:40,923 --> 00:54:44,243 So, we have a canopy bridge that can connect 364 00:54:44,243 --> 00:54:48,443 these parcels of forest and provide access for more food 365 00:54:48,443 --> 00:54:51,243 and social interaction for the howlers. 366 00:54:58,323 --> 00:55:01,603 For Ines, it's a nervous wait. 367 00:55:01,603 --> 00:55:03,763 They are so curious. 368 00:55:03,763 --> 00:55:08,083 And the howlers are rethinking where they can cross. 369 00:55:12,323 --> 00:55:13,403 Come on, guys. 370 00:55:15,323 --> 00:55:17,083 Oh, my God! 371 00:55:21,883 --> 00:55:24,443 Running, running and running! 372 00:55:25,363 --> 00:55:26,923 Take care, little howler. 373 00:55:28,243 --> 00:55:32,563 Several canopy bridges have now been installed across the town. 374 00:55:34,243 --> 00:55:39,523 Not only has the programme reduced the electrocutions by 90%, 375 00:55:39,523 --> 00:55:42,683 it has also brought more connectivity 376 00:55:42,683 --> 00:55:44,523 to this fragmented forest. 377 00:55:46,243 --> 00:55:50,683 When the humans change the use of land, 378 00:55:50,683 --> 00:55:54,563 we forget that all of this land that we are using 379 00:55:54,563 --> 00:55:57,523 is the habitat of many other species. 380 00:55:57,523 --> 00:56:02,123 Ines's determination to help the howlers has been driven 381 00:56:02,123 --> 00:56:04,563 by reconnecting with the forest. 382 00:56:04,563 --> 00:56:07,843 So, when I began to study the howlers, 383 00:56:07,843 --> 00:56:11,803 I can connect again 384 00:56:11,803 --> 00:56:14,363 with the rights of the forest 385 00:56:14,363 --> 00:56:17,323 and also with all of the other species. 386 00:56:17,323 --> 00:56:20,403 So, my message for many people is, 387 00:56:20,403 --> 00:56:24,843 try to reconnect with whatever species that you want it - 388 00:56:24,843 --> 00:56:27,763 with plants, with trees, with amphibians - 389 00:56:27,763 --> 00:56:32,723 but try to reconnect with this same environment 390 00:56:32,723 --> 00:56:37,443 that we share with other species in the same global planet. 391 00:56:39,243 --> 00:56:44,003 With the knowledge and dedication of local champions, like Ines, 392 00:56:44,003 --> 00:56:47,443 across the series, the production team were able to document 393 00:56:47,443 --> 00:56:50,683 extraordinary moments in the lives of mammals. 394 00:56:53,163 --> 00:56:56,403 As pressure on wildlife increases, 395 00:56:56,403 --> 00:57:00,243 commitment from passionate individuals on the ground... 396 00:57:00,243 --> 00:57:01,923 Here we've got a wolf. 397 00:57:03,283 --> 00:57:05,043 ...does make a difference. 398 00:57:05,043 --> 00:57:07,603 {\an8}Can't ignore how special this place is. 399 00:57:07,603 --> 00:57:10,083 If we continue to share knowledge... 400 00:57:10,083 --> 00:57:12,043 Here's where the den is. Oh, I see. 401 00:57:12,043 --> 00:57:13,723 So, we can connect to that route. 402 00:57:13,723 --> 00:57:16,203 ...and protect the environment... 403 00:57:16,203 --> 00:57:20,163 With the education and working together 404 00:57:20,163 --> 00:57:24,043 for common goals, then I be very optimistic. 405 00:57:24,043 --> 00:57:26,763 ...there can be hope for the future of all mammals... 406 00:57:26,763 --> 00:57:29,083 Yay! 407 00:57:29,083 --> 00:57:31,243 ...including ourselves. 408 00:57:32,683 --> 00:57:35,123 We did it, we did it, we did it! 409 00:57:35,123 --> 00:57:37,003 We did it!