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Downloaded from
YTS.BZ
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Am I the only one that is just,
like, so fixated on microplastics?
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.BZ
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{\an8}Microplastics are in everything now.
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- Microplastics.
- Hello?
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{\an8}We've all got microplastics in our body…
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- There's microplastics in your balls now.
- Right now?
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Well, you just ruined my day.
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{\an8}There's plastic in everything,
and you're consuming it all the time.
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{\an8}Literally, your toothbrush
is getting plastic into your mouth.
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{\an8}Do you chew gum? That's made of plastic.
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{\an8}These clothes? This is polyester.
That's made of plastic.
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{\an8}We don't know
what these plastics are doing to us.
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{\an8}You and me and everyone you meet
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has enough plastic
in their ******* brain to make a spoon.
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{\an8}We're finding them
all over the body, not just the brain.
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{\an8}The blood, the lungs,
the heart, the arteries,
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{\an8}the gut, the liver, the kidneys,
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{\an8}breast milk.
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{\an8}Okay, I'm full of microplastics.
Now what? What do you want me to do?
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{\an8}Huh? Huh? Huh?
Tell me because I don't know.
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{\an8}I saw a gastro doctor today,
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{\an8}and she said
she never drinks bottled water
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{\an8}because of the microplastics
and their correlation to colon cancer.
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{\an8}Plastic also leaches out
a crap-ton of chemicals.
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{\an8}I was pissed when I found out
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{\an8}that the toxic chemicals
contained obesogens.
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{\an8}Do you know what obesogens are?
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{\an8}The more technology, the more plastic,
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{\an8}the more plastic in the bodies.
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{\an8}It's causing people's penises to shrink,
balls to shrink,
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{\an8}sperm counts are lowering,
and miscarriages to go up.
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{\an8}This is so crazy and alarming.
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{\an8}What do we do
to try to keep the human race alive?
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{\an8}So what are the solutions
to these problems?
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{\an8}We can start by looking inside our homes.
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And now, tonight's very special guest,
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the one and only Shanna fucking Swan.
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Well, I have to say…
I've never had an introduction like that.
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In order to understand
the impacts of chemicals in plastic,
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you have to see
the effect on reproduction.
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{\an8}Fertility worldwide is going down rapidly.
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{\an8}Your book, Count Down,
says that the modern world
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{\an8}is threatening sperm counts and imperiling
the future of the human race.
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That's my story, and I'm sticking to it.
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And it is tightly linked to chemicals
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that are commonly used in plastic.
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I've been talking about these chemicals
for about a quarter of a century.
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{\an8}More than ever, people are worried about
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{\an8}how all the chemicals
we're exposed to are affecting our health.
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At the same time,
the use of testosterone has increased.
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My audience has always
been other scientists.
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I published in scientific journals
pretty much exclusively.
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And what I realized was that
that hasn't worked.
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- Are human penises getting smaller?
- Yeah.
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Shanna, why didn't you start with that?
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Now I am focused, I am honed in.
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This is something
that affects me directly, Shanna.
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There's a lot of crises
in the world right now.
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I don't want to scare people,
but I want to tell them
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that this is also an important crisis.
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This is also something
we have to pay attention to.
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And actually,
in terms of our survival as a species,
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it may be
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one of the most important.
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{\an8}One way to understand
the impacts of these chemicals
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that can affect our bodies
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is to look at couples who are having
a lot of problems getting pregnant.
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- Hi!
- Hi! How are you?
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{\an8}- Are you Monique?
- Yeah, I'm Monique.
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{\an8}- I'm Shanna.
- Nice to meet you, Shanna.
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{\an8}We recruited six couples
who are trying to conceive
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{\an8}but have not been able to.
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{\an8}And the question is, if we lower
people's exposure to chemicals
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{\an8}that are in plastic,
can we change their fertility?
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{\an8}- Hi. How are you?
- Hi!
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{\an8}Can you just tell me a little bit
about why you want to do this?
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{\an8}- For a baby.
- Yeah.
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{\an8}That's what we've been
working on for a long time now.
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{\an8}We've been trying to conceive
for about 22 months this month.
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After about a year, we said,
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"It's kind of weird
that nothing's happened."
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{\an8}We have been trying since we got married.
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{\an8}So that was about two years ago.
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{\an8}We have been trying to get pregnant
for over ten years now.
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{\an8}Two and a half years, I guess? Yeah.
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Having to, like, have sex
all the time and, like, do these tests.
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And it just becomes…
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It's, like, it's no fun.
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Say what you always call yourself.
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Ah. I say, "You know, Julie,
I'm not a human dildo."
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And then we proceed to go ahead and do it,
and I'm happy to be a human dildo.
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But it is a dehumanizing thing.
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- I'm really excited about answers.
- That's wonderful.
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- Wonderful, yes.
- Yeah.
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Wouldn't it be great
if we can figure this out?
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So let's turn to products.
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- Okay.
- Okay?
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- There's plastic in here.
- Mm.
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This is a three-month intervention…
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Why don't you read that?
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…to look at the effect
of lowering your exposure
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to plastics and chemicals in plastic
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on your fertility.
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It's not a quote, unquote
"scientific study."
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We have no control group.
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It's very small.
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And all of these couples who are infertile
but have unexplained infertility.
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So nothing in their lifestyle
was obviously causing this,
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with the exception of chemicals
in their environment.
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These chemicals are ubiquitous.
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They're everywhere in our daily lives.
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In hard plastics.
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In soft plastics.
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They're in fabrics.
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The kitchen is home to obvious examples.
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From utensils and cutting boards
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to tea bags and coffee pods
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and any number of containers.
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Food packaging is often made of plastic.
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And when heated, these chemicals
go into the things that we eat.
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They're often in places you can't see,
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like the linings of tin and aluminum cans
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used for soup and beverages.
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But that's just the tip of the iceberg.
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They're in our closets.
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In the fabrics and dyes of our clothing.
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They're in our personal care products.
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From brushes to shampoos
to deodorants and lotions.
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They're in fragrances.
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And our children are absolutely inundated
with plastics in their toys.
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So we ingest them.
We absorb them through our skin.
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{\an8}We inhale them.
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{\an8}Every which way that they can
get into our bodies, they do.
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And as they pass through our bodies,
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they wreak all sorts of havoc.
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We've done a lot of research at home
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on chemicals in the environment.
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But learning more about plastics,
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it's opening my eyes
to how much bigger it is.
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- They're all plastics.
- Oh, yeah.
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It's a plastic kingdom, you know?
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These things we use a lot too.
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I know.
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Now I cannot live without.
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These do contain chemicals
that are concerning.
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And this is a problem. I use it every day.
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I think we have a lot of products.
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There have been more reports
of plastics and microplastics,
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but I never would have thought
that they're in my body as well.
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One of the first things we did,
we threw away a cutting board.
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So that felt good.
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Thirty-five percent
of the microplastics in the ocean
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come from textiles.
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- Oh my gosh. Here's another.
- Oh!
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So this room is like
a chemical warfare room.
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- Yeah.
- Is what you're saying.
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It's just for smells.
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- It's the Latino cleaning product.
- Oof!
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When you actually look at your life
and how much plastic is in your life,
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it's everywhere,
it's everywhere in my house.
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I'm looking at something like,
"I have to throw that away."
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So beyond just removing
obvious plastics from all over the house,
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I asked the couples to try these changes.
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Try to avoid food and beverage products
that come in plastic packaging,
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whether it's from the store or takeout.
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Try to avoid
fragrance products and perfumes.
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Try to use only natural
personal care products.
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Avoid synthetic textiles
and petrochemical dyes.
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And avoid handling receipts.
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Almost all receipts contain bisphenol A.
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Would you mind tossing that for us?
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- You don't want the receipt?
- No.
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I feel like right now
we are in the movie The Matrix.
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And they said, "Do you want
the blue pill or the red pill?"
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I guess I forgot
which one's the one that enters…
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The red pill is the one that he takes.
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- And I think I just took the red pill.
- Yeah.
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What makes something interesting to me
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is if it's a puzzle
that I think I can help solve.
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The question of,
was sperm count declining?
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And then if so, why?
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And how do you show that?
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That is a puzzle that I've been solving,
you know, for 25 years.
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{\an8}How I got into this whole area
is because I was appointed to a committee
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{\an8}of the National Academy of Sciences
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{\an8}to look at these newly emerging chemicals,
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which they called "hormonally active
agents in the environment."
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The committee brought this paper to me,
which came out of Denmark in 1992.
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They reported 50% decline
in 50 years in sperm count.
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That's huge.
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When I first saw it, I was skeptical.
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I thought other factors
could explain that decline.
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We reanalyzed the data.
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And to my surprise, nothing had changed.
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The sperm count had declined
by more than 50%.
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That was a big wake-up call for me.
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In fact, in 2023,
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{\an8}we found that the trend
was accelerating dramatically.
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{\an8}The decline was more than twice as fast
as we had reported previously.
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{\an8}What could cause this?
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This was too fast to be genetic.
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Then it's environment.
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{\an8}- Can we talk about these tests?
- Oh, yeah.
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- I'm super excited about that.
- Yeah.
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At the beginning of the study,
we get measures
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of their body burden
of environmental chemicals
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by looking in their urine.
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So we asked them for a urine sample.
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How do you pronounce the…
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"Phlalatates"?
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- Phthalates?
- Phthalates.
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Do you have a preference where we start?
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Let's start with Jesse.
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- In case mine upset me.
- Here we go.
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And I cry.
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The first page says
that you have high phthalates.
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- High phthalates.
- That's gonna come up afterwards.
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- You have high phthalates?
- Wouldn't you know it?
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This is exciting.
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I was shocked.
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It was really frightening to see
we had accumulated so many chemicals.
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It's clearly showing us
the things we're doing right now
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are absolutely contributing
to what I would say
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are pretty unacceptable
levels of these chemicals.
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I can share your frustration, I mean…
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And then we look at measures of semen
quality by asking for a sperm sample.
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We go to concentration.
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That's the number
that most people think about.
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- Okay. Mm-hm.
- Like, when I study sperm decline.
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So the calculated total motile count,
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{\an8}23 is the value.
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{\an8}Reference should be
greater than or equal to 40.
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Um, we're gonna go over…
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When Shanna talked about
the results of my sperm test,
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it definitely was
a very, very weird feeling.
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I don't think most men are running around
getting sperm tests until it's…
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right up against the deadline
of when you need to know this,
239
00:13:01,530 --> 00:13:05,074
which is normally after you want to get
pregnant and something hasn't worked.
240
00:13:05,075 --> 00:13:07,619
Below this point, which is maybe 48…
241
00:13:07,620 --> 00:13:10,997
{\an8}It's the first time
I had really had explained to me
242
00:13:10,998 --> 00:13:13,792
{\an8}why that count wasn't optimal,
243
00:13:13,793 --> 00:13:15,752
{\an8}or really had anything explained to me.
244
00:13:15,753 --> 00:13:19,005
{\an8}You are technically sub-fertile,
245
00:13:19,006 --> 00:13:20,548
infertile, depending on how you…
246
00:13:20,549 --> 00:13:23,218
- So that's kind of scary, right?
- Yes.
247
00:13:23,219 --> 00:13:26,221
It's like, well, are you less of a man
because of it or anything?
248
00:13:26,222 --> 00:13:27,514
Is something wrong with you?
249
00:13:27,515 --> 00:13:30,683
But I was thinking,
I have to stare at this and look at this
250
00:13:30,684 --> 00:13:33,854
and I have to deal with this
in order to try to make this baby.
251
00:13:35,731 --> 00:13:38,441
When I talk about their test results,
252
00:13:38,442 --> 00:13:42,862
I want to reassure them
that this does not mean
253
00:13:42,863 --> 00:13:45,031
that they cannot get pregnant.
254
00:13:45,032 --> 00:13:47,116
You are making sperm all the time.
255
00:13:47,117 --> 00:13:51,371
It takes 70 days to create a new sperm.
256
00:13:51,372 --> 00:13:54,749
And that's why we chose
this three-month window
257
00:13:54,750 --> 00:13:56,084
for your intervention.
258
00:13:56,085 --> 00:13:57,877
So I think the message is,
259
00:13:57,878 --> 00:13:59,671
"It doesn't look great right now."
260
00:13:59,672 --> 00:14:02,800
"It can change,
and you can help with the change."
261
00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:08,012
We will also look at changes
in their body mass index
262
00:14:08,013 --> 00:14:12,141
because these chemicals
not only affect your fertility,
263
00:14:12,142 --> 00:14:14,978
they also have other health consequences,
264
00:14:14,979 --> 00:14:17,105
such as increased obesity.
265
00:14:17,106 --> 00:14:19,732
Here's a care package for you.
266
00:14:19,733 --> 00:14:22,944
Then we give them a packet of products
267
00:14:22,945 --> 00:14:25,990
that will help them lower their exposure.
268
00:14:27,533 --> 00:14:31,912
Because the good news is there are
fantastic alternatives out there.
269
00:14:33,205 --> 00:14:37,959
You can replace most of the plastic
in your kitchen with metal,
270
00:14:37,960 --> 00:14:41,004
glass, ceramics, or bamboo.
271
00:14:41,005 --> 00:14:44,340
You can use brushes
and floss made from bamboo
272
00:14:44,341 --> 00:14:48,261
and find personal care products
without scent.
273
00:14:48,262 --> 00:14:51,514
And then at the end
of the three-month period,
274
00:14:51,515 --> 00:14:54,101
we measure everything again and…
275
00:14:54,810 --> 00:14:59,481
we'll see if this lowers
their exposure and maybe even…
276
00:15:00,274 --> 00:15:01,692
they get pregnant.
277
00:15:02,568 --> 00:15:04,777
I'm excited for the next 90 days.
278
00:15:04,778 --> 00:15:07,614
I am bound and determined
to get those numbers down
279
00:15:07,615 --> 00:15:10,366
for the plastics
or chemicals in our bodies.
280
00:15:10,367 --> 00:15:13,369
And I live by the motto,
"Happy wife, happy life."
281
00:15:13,370 --> 00:15:17,165
So I'll follow her suggestions
and do everything as well.
282
00:15:17,166 --> 00:15:19,042
I like the cardboard container there.
283
00:15:19,043 --> 00:15:20,627
- Yeah, looks great.
- Looks pretty good.
284
00:15:20,628 --> 00:15:22,545
It's 100% plastic-free.
285
00:15:22,546 --> 00:15:24,547
I hope that we get pregnant.
286
00:15:24,548 --> 00:15:26,549
- That would be fantastic.
- Yeah.
287
00:15:26,550 --> 00:15:28,968
- A baby, yeah.
- A baby would be amazing.
288
00:15:28,969 --> 00:15:31,179
- They don't look spongy.
- So it's like loofah.
289
00:15:31,180 --> 00:15:34,016
Will we get pregnant because of it?
I have no idea.
290
00:15:34,975 --> 00:15:36,976
I think with infertility, at least for us,
291
00:15:36,977 --> 00:15:38,895
it's been like, what the hell do we do?
292
00:15:38,896 --> 00:15:40,146
And this is something to do.
293
00:15:40,147 --> 00:15:42,857
And so I'd like to see
those things down in three months.
294
00:15:42,858 --> 00:15:44,108
Hopefully, they are down.
295
00:15:44,109 --> 00:15:45,818
- Hopefully help you.
- Yeah.
296
00:15:45,819 --> 00:15:49,030
I don't think anyone
has actually done this experiment
297
00:15:49,031 --> 00:15:52,617
to see the effect on conception
298
00:15:52,618 --> 00:15:54,828
and hopefully live birth.
299
00:15:55,621 --> 00:15:58,082
It's not straightforward. It's not easy.
300
00:15:58,707 --> 00:16:00,792
But it's super important.
301
00:16:00,793 --> 00:16:04,253
Plastics are a huge class
of man-made materials.
302
00:16:04,254 --> 00:16:08,883
But unfortunately, many of the chemicals
added to plastic are toxic.
303
00:16:08,884 --> 00:16:10,677
{\an8}Including phthalates
304
00:16:10,678 --> 00:16:12,721
{\an8}and bisphenols.
305
00:16:13,847 --> 00:16:16,474
Phthalates make plastic soft and flexible.
306
00:16:16,475 --> 00:16:20,728
On the other hand, the bisphenols,
like BPA, make plastic hard,
307
00:16:20,729 --> 00:16:23,357
like a baby bottle or a water bottle.
308
00:16:23,941 --> 00:16:28,737
These are chemicals that we call
endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
309
00:16:29,697 --> 00:16:32,532
{\an8}When talking about endocrine,
we're referring to hormones.
310
00:16:32,533 --> 00:16:35,785
Hormones are our
natural signaling molecules.
311
00:16:35,786 --> 00:16:38,705
They're like text messages that we send
312
00:16:38,706 --> 00:16:42,751
from the brain to the heart or the kidney.
313
00:16:43,419 --> 00:16:48,924
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals
are known to hack these molecular signals.
314
00:16:49,633 --> 00:16:51,759
We have a robust body of evidence
315
00:16:51,760 --> 00:16:55,848
that these chemicals can contribute
to early heart attacks and stroke.
316
00:16:56,640 --> 00:17:00,101
You can have small shifts
in normal thyroid hormone function
317
00:17:00,102 --> 00:17:02,061
in the developing brains of young children
318
00:17:02,062 --> 00:17:04,022
that can produce autism,
319
00:17:04,023 --> 00:17:07,484
attention deficit disorder,
as well as cognitive deficits.
320
00:17:08,068 --> 00:17:11,779
At least 50 or so synthetic chemicals
are obesogens.
321
00:17:11,780 --> 00:17:14,533
Chemicals that literally make us fatter.
322
00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:18,202
Studies have shown that bisphenol A
323
00:17:18,203 --> 00:17:22,081
can actually reprogram the epigenome
324
00:17:22,082 --> 00:17:25,001
such that mice will get bigger.
325
00:17:25,002 --> 00:17:29,630
Those signals get passed
on four or even five generations
326
00:17:29,631 --> 00:17:31,799
down the family tree.
327
00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:35,344
If a pregnant mother
is exposed to a toxic chemical,
328
00:17:35,345 --> 00:17:40,726
{\an8}she is exposing the reproductive organs
of three generations.
329
00:17:41,310 --> 00:17:43,728
So the mother
is obviously exposing herself.
330
00:17:43,729 --> 00:17:46,856
Then the toxic chemical
goes through to her baby.
331
00:17:46,857 --> 00:17:48,649
That's two generations.
332
00:17:48,650 --> 00:17:50,693
And then in the female child,
333
00:17:50,694 --> 00:17:56,532
the eggs are already forming
in the infant's ovaries even before birth.
334
00:17:56,533 --> 00:18:00,536
And therefore, the reproductive cells
of the third generation
335
00:18:00,537 --> 00:18:02,331
are exposed to the toxic chemical.
336
00:18:02,998 --> 00:18:05,666
You could describe this as toxic trespass.
337
00:18:05,667 --> 00:18:07,919
The thing about
endocrine-disrupting chemicals
338
00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:09,712
{\an8}is not just that they alter hormones,
339
00:18:09,713 --> 00:18:13,175
{\an8}but they also have
carcinogenic principles.
340
00:18:13,884 --> 00:18:17,054
They are promoting the cell to divide.
341
00:18:17,805 --> 00:18:20,516
The faster your cells are proliferating,
342
00:18:21,308 --> 00:18:24,560
the faster and the more precise and quick
343
00:18:24,561 --> 00:18:28,941
your DNA repair system needs to be
to correct that.
344
00:18:29,608 --> 00:18:31,318
Sometimes, things don't get fixed.
345
00:18:31,902 --> 00:18:34,237
Now you have a mutation
346
00:18:34,238 --> 00:18:39,326
that has created the ability
of that cell to be carcinogenic.
347
00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:44,539
So now we're seeing
this rise in breast cancer,
348
00:18:44,540 --> 00:18:45,957
ovarian cancer,
349
00:18:45,958 --> 00:18:48,543
endometrial cancer, uterine cancer,
350
00:18:48,544 --> 00:18:51,129
and even prostate cancer.
351
00:18:51,130 --> 00:18:54,382
So it's important to understand
352
00:18:54,383 --> 00:18:58,302
you are disrupting your natural balance
353
00:18:58,303 --> 00:19:01,597
when you have these outside exposures
354
00:19:01,598 --> 00:19:04,810
that can "mimic" your own hormones.
355
00:19:08,689 --> 00:19:13,359
I feel very strongly
that it's a basic human right
356
00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:16,238
to have a child if you choose to.
357
00:19:17,573 --> 00:19:20,367
It's always been
extremely important to me.
358
00:19:21,535 --> 00:19:25,539
I had my first child at 27,
then I had my son three years later.
359
00:19:26,165 --> 00:19:28,292
And then there was a gap.
360
00:19:29,626 --> 00:19:33,045
I began trying to conceive at an older age
361
00:19:33,046 --> 00:19:36,800
and had several miscarriages,
which were extremely painful.
362
00:19:37,926 --> 00:19:41,305
{\an8}I was close to giving up, but I kept on.
363
00:19:42,389 --> 00:19:45,850
And at 42, I gave birth again.
364
00:19:45,851 --> 00:19:49,520
So I have three wonderful children
and six grandchildren
365
00:19:49,521 --> 00:19:51,315
and one great-grandchild.
366
00:19:53,567 --> 00:19:56,110
Having the privilege to know her
367
00:19:56,111 --> 00:20:01,365
and see that continuity
and see our family in her
368
00:20:01,366 --> 00:20:04,076
and the joy that she brings
to all of us is just--
369
00:20:04,077 --> 00:20:06,037
I can't tell you. I'm almost in tears.
370
00:20:06,038 --> 00:20:08,457
It's so wonderful for me.
371
00:20:10,083 --> 00:20:14,630
And so it's important to me to help
people whose fertility is impaired.
372
00:20:15,672 --> 00:20:20,259
I think it is unethical, criminal,
373
00:20:20,260 --> 00:20:25,473
that chemicals in their environment
or other factors beyond their control
374
00:20:25,474 --> 00:20:26,934
can interfere with that right.
375
00:20:35,108 --> 00:20:37,444
We've always known that we want children.
376
00:20:40,447 --> 00:20:43,658
Though we've created
a lot of problems here on this Earth,
377
00:20:43,659 --> 00:20:45,201
I do think kids are the future
378
00:20:45,202 --> 00:20:47,411
and they are kind of the answer
and the solution
379
00:20:47,412 --> 00:20:49,039
to a lot of these problems.
380
00:20:51,166 --> 00:20:53,835
I think there is a harmony
to be struck there.
381
00:20:58,882 --> 00:21:00,049
My hope for them
382
00:21:00,050 --> 00:21:03,971
would be they would live
with minimal impact on the planet
383
00:21:04,763 --> 00:21:06,974
and caring for other people.
384
00:21:17,317 --> 00:21:21,071
{\an8}We are trying to get pregnant
for about two years now.
385
00:21:22,781 --> 00:21:27,828
When we met, it was hard
because I was getting divorced.
386
00:21:29,746 --> 00:21:30,831
This weekend?
387
00:21:31,498 --> 00:21:34,793
I didn't want Cecilia to grow up alone.
388
00:21:36,003 --> 00:21:39,297
And I think now
we are with the right time,
389
00:21:39,298 --> 00:21:40,716
with the right person.
390
00:21:42,134 --> 00:21:44,803
It's just like a dream for both of us.
391
00:21:46,096 --> 00:21:50,809
And then Cecilia started asking
all the time, brother or sister.
392
00:21:51,518 --> 00:21:53,437
And we got the first dog.
393
00:21:54,021 --> 00:21:57,106
It was not enough,
and she asked for the other dog.
394
00:21:57,107 --> 00:22:01,153
And hopefully,
we have a baby before the third dog.
395
00:22:03,030 --> 00:22:05,698
{\an8}Baptism proclaims the faith of the Church.
396
00:22:05,699 --> 00:22:08,827
{\an8}I baptize you in the name of the Father…
397
00:22:09,494 --> 00:22:11,370
And he doesn't like it.
398
00:22:11,371 --> 00:22:12,456
…of the Son,
399
00:22:13,498 --> 00:22:15,708
and of the Holy Spirit.
400
00:22:15,709 --> 00:22:16,960
Sorry.
401
00:22:17,669 --> 00:22:19,754
I've always wanted to have
a family of my own
402
00:22:19,755 --> 00:22:21,547
that's really peaceful and wonderful.
403
00:22:21,548 --> 00:22:24,508
I had amazing grandparents
and an amazing mother.
404
00:22:24,509 --> 00:22:27,346
Um, and there's a piece of that
that's kind of missing,
405
00:22:27,971 --> 00:22:30,849
and always was missing,
so I want it to be that for this child.
406
00:22:31,516 --> 00:22:34,727
And I think that's why
I'll be so disappointed
407
00:22:34,728 --> 00:22:36,562
if we never have a baby.
408
00:22:36,563 --> 00:22:39,065
Just-- I want to see
a little version of you.
409
00:22:39,066 --> 00:22:40,649
I think it'd be so cool.
410
00:22:40,650 --> 00:22:44,321
I think you'd be the best mom ever.
And I really want to see that for you.
411
00:22:44,821 --> 00:22:47,448
- Like, I really want to see that for you.
- Sorry.
412
00:22:47,449 --> 00:22:48,408
You know?
413
00:22:49,910 --> 00:22:51,911
Yeah. Okay, I'm good.
414
00:22:51,912 --> 00:22:53,038
Yeah, I'm good.
415
00:22:57,709 --> 00:23:02,339
My fertility routines
have really grown over the last two years.
416
00:23:03,382 --> 00:23:07,259
We want to get pregnant,
and I will do what I can do.
417
00:23:07,260 --> 00:23:09,388
So you take all of these every day?
418
00:23:10,305 --> 00:23:11,931
- Every morning.
- Every morning?
419
00:23:11,932 --> 00:23:13,015
Yeah, actually.
420
00:23:13,016 --> 00:23:17,728
We have unexplained infertility.
There's nothing "wrong with me."
421
00:23:17,729 --> 00:23:20,398
I check my pH every morning…
422
00:23:20,399 --> 00:23:22,983
I've been looking
at what's right for my body
423
00:23:22,984 --> 00:23:25,569
based on blood testing
and hormone testing.
424
00:23:25,570 --> 00:23:28,239
- What is this?
- To make sure my body's healthy.
425
00:23:28,240 --> 00:23:30,866
So this is when I would have ovulated,
released the egg,
426
00:23:30,867 --> 00:23:33,285
and then they're looking
for my progesterone to rise
427
00:23:33,286 --> 00:23:34,620
four to five days after.
428
00:23:34,621 --> 00:23:37,957
It's a really nice way to be able
to track my hormones every day.
429
00:23:37,958 --> 00:23:40,042
Many of the specialists we've seen
430
00:23:40,043 --> 00:23:44,338
have had very narrow scopes of practice,
um, so they're not interested.
431
00:23:44,339 --> 00:23:48,801
And when I tell them, "Oh, I'm trying
to mitigate my endocrine disruption,"
432
00:23:48,802 --> 00:23:51,262
they say, "What does that mean?"
433
00:23:51,263 --> 00:23:53,222
"Here, take this time-release capsule."
434
00:23:53,223 --> 00:23:55,891
Right? And time-release capsules
have plastics in them.
435
00:23:55,892 --> 00:23:58,853
Do you use that to time your intercourse?
436
00:23:58,854 --> 00:24:01,565
Um, we just have sex all the time, Shanna.
437
00:24:04,276 --> 00:24:08,446
To know that
there's these environmental factors
438
00:24:08,447 --> 00:24:11,365
that are in the world
that are harming my chances
439
00:24:11,366 --> 00:24:16,287
and taking away
my choice for parenthood is, um…
440
00:24:16,288 --> 00:24:19,165
- It's so overwhelming.
- Yeah, you don't really get a choice.
441
00:24:19,166 --> 00:24:20,583
I don't think anyone does anymore.
442
00:24:20,584 --> 00:24:22,209
- No.
- Because it's in the water.
443
00:24:22,210 --> 00:24:24,295
It's in the air. It's in the soil.
444
00:24:24,296 --> 00:24:26,882
I mean, is it daunting
and overwhelming? Absolutely.
445
00:24:28,383 --> 00:24:31,343
So how did we get to this place
446
00:24:31,344 --> 00:24:35,182
where we're all surrounded
by toxic chemicals in our homes,
447
00:24:36,349 --> 00:24:37,559
in our stores,
448
00:24:38,935 --> 00:24:41,062
and all throughout the environment?
449
00:24:41,938 --> 00:24:44,024
How does that even happen?
450
00:24:47,027 --> 00:24:50,613
{\an8}120, 130 years ago,
451
00:24:50,614 --> 00:24:52,657
{\an8}most plastics were plant-based.
452
00:24:53,325 --> 00:24:55,576
And then in the early 1900s,
453
00:24:55,577 --> 00:25:00,372
the petroleum industry discovered
polyethylene, polypropylene,
454
00:25:00,373 --> 00:25:03,209
polyethylene terephthalamide, polystyrene.
455
00:25:03,210 --> 00:25:05,878
Reactors and fractionating columns
456
00:25:05,879 --> 00:25:08,756
crack and reform the oil's molecules,
457
00:25:08,757 --> 00:25:11,967
turning them into new liquids,
gases, granules.
458
00:25:11,968 --> 00:25:14,136
When you pump the oil out of the ground,
459
00:25:14,137 --> 00:25:17,097
they separate it into a whole bunch
of different components.
460
00:25:17,098 --> 00:25:20,476
One of those components
turns into what we now see
461
00:25:20,477 --> 00:25:22,103
as the petroleum-based plastics.
462
00:25:23,396 --> 00:25:28,484
These inexpensive,
lightweight materials were so ubiquitous
463
00:25:28,485 --> 00:25:32,863
that people just went crazy inventing
all different things to do with it.
464
00:25:32,864 --> 00:25:37,077
It's a remarkable
new polyester film called Mylar.
465
00:25:38,245 --> 00:25:39,703
Can you tear it?
466
00:25:39,704 --> 00:25:41,789
It's almost impossible.
467
00:25:41,790 --> 00:25:44,208
Scientists could do no harm, right?
468
00:25:44,209 --> 00:25:47,169
It was a love affair with plastic.
469
00:25:47,170 --> 00:25:50,798
And it wasn't till quite a lot later
470
00:25:50,799 --> 00:25:53,802
that we realized there was a cost to this.
471
00:25:56,471 --> 00:25:59,014
Global manufacturing
of chemicals and plastics
472
00:25:59,015 --> 00:26:01,225
is increasing very rapidly,
473
00:26:01,226 --> 00:26:03,686
about three
to three and a half percent per year,
474
00:26:03,687 --> 00:26:06,313
which means if we continue
on the present course,
475
00:26:06,314 --> 00:26:10,609
we will have twice as much plastic
in the world by 2040 or 2050
476
00:26:10,610 --> 00:26:12,237
as we have today.
477
00:26:13,238 --> 00:26:14,363
And at the same time,
478
00:26:14,364 --> 00:26:18,076
{\an8}we live in a world that is awash
in manufactured chemicals.
479
00:26:19,035 --> 00:26:21,036
Since about 1950,
480
00:26:21,037 --> 00:26:26,667
at least 100,000 manufactured chemicals
have been developed.
481
00:26:26,668 --> 00:26:29,545
In many cases,
they've never been tested for toxicity,
482
00:26:29,546 --> 00:26:31,590
{\an8}and so we don't know what they're doing.
483
00:26:33,925 --> 00:26:37,928
It means that we're conducting
a vast toxicological experiment
484
00:26:37,929 --> 00:26:40,639
in which our children
and our children's children
485
00:26:40,640 --> 00:26:43,143
are the subjects without their consent.
486
00:26:44,519 --> 00:26:45,728
It's really scary
487
00:26:45,729 --> 00:26:49,858
because we don't even know
the extent of this exposure.
488
00:26:50,650 --> 00:26:53,527
How does that get there?
And what is it doing?
489
00:26:53,528 --> 00:26:55,697
We're finding out,
and it doesn't look good.
490
00:26:56,781 --> 00:27:00,159
{\an8}Recently, the Environmental
Protection Agency, EPA,
491
00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:02,786
{\an8}put phthalates
on a list of chemicals that,
492
00:27:02,787 --> 00:27:06,875
"may present a risk
to the environment or human health."
493
00:27:07,459 --> 00:27:12,421
Congress came under pressure to act
because of a study by Dr. Shanna Swan.
494
00:27:12,422 --> 00:27:16,884
Dr. Swan compared the levels
of phthalates in a group of pregnant women
495
00:27:16,885 --> 00:27:20,304
with the health of the baby boys
they gave birth to.
496
00:27:20,305 --> 00:27:23,515
Did you find that the higher
the level of phthalates
497
00:27:23,516 --> 00:27:26,268
in the mother's urine during pregnancy,
498
00:27:26,269 --> 00:27:28,937
the greater the problems
in the young boys?
499
00:27:28,938 --> 00:27:31,273
- Yes.
- What did you find in the babies?
500
00:27:31,274 --> 00:27:34,401
We found that the baby boys were,
501
00:27:34,402 --> 00:27:38,156
in several subtle ways,
less completely masculine.
502
00:27:39,824 --> 00:27:45,663
The male genital tract requires
testosterone in this critical window
503
00:27:45,664 --> 00:27:47,581
at a certain amount
504
00:27:47,582 --> 00:27:51,126
to kick off what we call
the differentiation
505
00:27:51,127 --> 00:27:54,714
of the male and female reproductive tract.
506
00:27:55,298 --> 00:27:57,633
What would be the ovaries in the female
507
00:27:57,634 --> 00:27:59,969
becomes, for example,
the testes in the male.
508
00:28:00,679 --> 00:28:05,557
When phthalates come in there,
that testosterone is damped down,
509
00:28:05,558 --> 00:28:09,812
{\an8}and that male fetus doesn't
get that signal at the right time.
510
00:28:09,813 --> 00:28:14,692
Consequently, he doesn't
develop the male typical genitals,
511
00:28:14,693 --> 00:28:16,193
or maybe not quite.
512
00:28:16,194 --> 00:28:20,030
That is what's known
as the phthalate syndrome.
513
00:28:20,031 --> 00:28:22,074
It's pretty special
514
00:28:22,075 --> 00:28:26,079
because there aren't other
syndromes named after chemicals.
515
00:28:27,706 --> 00:28:28,914
Okay.
516
00:28:28,915 --> 00:28:34,838
So anogenital distance is a distance
from the anus to the genitals.
517
00:28:35,630 --> 00:28:38,550
And we measure it with these calipers.
518
00:28:39,467 --> 00:28:42,970
Now, Willy is much more agreeable
than a lot of babies…
519
00:28:42,971 --> 00:28:45,639
…so it's very easy.
520
00:28:45,640 --> 00:28:49,102
Doing this with real babies
is more challenging.
521
00:28:51,020 --> 00:28:55,023
So what we do is we pull their knees back,
522
00:28:55,024 --> 00:28:58,611
which actually, um,
stretches the area a little bit.
523
00:28:59,863 --> 00:29:04,241
{\an8}And what we do is we just find the anus.
524
00:29:04,242 --> 00:29:06,452
Right? We'll put one side…
525
00:29:06,453 --> 00:29:08,996
Oh my God.
526
00:29:08,997 --> 00:29:10,831
That is so great.
527
00:29:10,832 --> 00:29:15,586
{\an8}This number in a female
would be 50 to 100 percent less.
528
00:29:15,587 --> 00:29:16,962
{\an8}And why is that?
529
00:29:16,963 --> 00:29:18,922
Look at the stuff that has to go in here.
530
00:29:18,923 --> 00:29:20,174
{\an8}The equipment, yeah.
531
00:29:20,175 --> 00:29:22,342
Yeah, all the equipment in there.
It is amaz--
532
00:29:22,343 --> 00:29:24,970
This measurement is the…
533
00:29:24,971 --> 00:29:27,222
what we call the anal scrotal.
534
00:29:27,223 --> 00:29:29,057
This is the scrotum.
535
00:29:29,058 --> 00:29:31,561
We're measuring gooches.
We're doing science.
536
00:29:32,228 --> 00:29:35,022
Boys who had symptoms
of the phthalate syndrome
537
00:29:35,023 --> 00:29:37,649
had a shorter anogenital distance,
538
00:29:37,650 --> 00:29:40,527
which means the male
was somewhat less masculine
539
00:29:40,528 --> 00:29:42,154
{\an8}or perhaps more feminized.
540
00:29:42,155 --> 00:29:47,534
{\an8}So they have a somewhat smaller penis,
more likely to have undescended testicles.
541
00:29:47,535 --> 00:29:50,746
{\an8}It was quite striking seeing the effect
542
00:29:50,747 --> 00:29:53,624
of powerful endocrine-disrupting chemicals
543
00:29:53,625 --> 00:29:55,585
on the development of male genitals.
544
00:29:57,962 --> 00:30:00,464
And then the question becomes,
545
00:30:00,465 --> 00:30:02,591
does it matter for his health?
546
00:30:02,592 --> 00:30:04,551
That's the key question here.
547
00:30:04,552 --> 00:30:09,515
And, by the way,
is it related to his later function?
548
00:30:09,516 --> 00:30:12,977
For example, his production of sperm
or his fertility?
549
00:30:13,978 --> 00:30:17,564
What we found
was a direct linear relationship.
550
00:30:17,565 --> 00:30:21,653
Longer anogenital distance,
higher sperm count. Very clear.
551
00:30:22,195 --> 00:30:24,905
This was really important
because it says those little changes
552
00:30:24,906 --> 00:30:28,909
that you hardly see at birth
actually play out during your lifespan
553
00:30:28,910 --> 00:30:31,454
in terms of your reproductive success.
554
00:30:34,707 --> 00:30:37,835
{\an8}There's something
which is very key to my research,
555
00:30:37,836 --> 00:30:40,254
{\an8}which is something you might know
by the name of the taint.
556
00:30:40,255 --> 00:30:42,130
That's not really a technical term, is it?
557
00:30:42,131 --> 00:30:44,091
Or the gooch or the grundle.
558
00:30:44,092 --> 00:30:46,385
- The gooch? I've never--
- Also known as the gooch.
559
00:30:46,386 --> 00:30:47,970
- You know about the gooch?
- Yeah.
560
00:30:47,971 --> 00:30:52,432
Most scientific findings
are lost to the general public.
561
00:30:52,433 --> 00:30:55,394
There's a little bit of news about it,
and they're gone.
562
00:30:55,395 --> 00:30:57,938
It's got to be
pretty disturbing to be the--
563
00:30:57,939 --> 00:31:00,358
You're the Paul Revere
of tiny testicles and taints.
564
00:31:01,109 --> 00:31:04,820
Penis sizes are shrinking,
which you might have seen from headlines…
565
00:31:04,821 --> 00:31:08,073
{\an8}There's been a huge decline
in fertility rates among men.
566
00:31:08,074 --> 00:31:11,535
We may have a future where men
do not have enough sperm to reproduce.
567
00:31:11,536 --> 00:31:14,162
{\an8}Did you know phthalates
found in fragrances…
568
00:31:14,163 --> 00:31:17,916
{\an8}What surprised me
was the reception of the media
569
00:31:17,917 --> 00:31:20,919
and the public
to the message I was putting out.
570
00:31:20,920 --> 00:31:23,755
It's so sad because
so many people don't know
571
00:31:23,756 --> 00:31:27,009
{\an8}that these products
and toxins are harming them.
572
00:31:27,010 --> 00:31:29,803
{\an8}People were really
kind of hungry for this information.
573
00:31:29,804 --> 00:31:33,056
{\an8}Babies are being exposed
to microplastics in utero.
574
00:31:33,057 --> 00:31:37,311
I think in part
because phthalates are in everybody.
575
00:31:37,312 --> 00:31:39,897
This is not just an American problem.
576
00:31:39,898 --> 00:31:42,400
We're seeing these issues
all across the world.
577
00:32:03,546 --> 00:32:09,510
I chose to be an obstetrician
because everything begins at birth.
578
00:32:12,472 --> 00:32:15,474
Every time a child is born,
579
00:32:15,475 --> 00:32:19,519
it's a new world
that opens up on the horizon.
580
00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:20,730
Ciao.
581
00:32:22,565 --> 00:32:24,358
Push hard.
582
00:32:24,359 --> 00:32:28,947
Very good, very good. Very good.
583
00:32:29,906 --> 00:32:33,450
The moment
when you see your son or daughter
584
00:32:33,451 --> 00:32:34,993
for the first time,
585
00:32:34,994 --> 00:32:40,540
all the neurotransmitters
inside your head, inside your body,
586
00:32:40,541 --> 00:32:45,630
in fraction of a second,
when you see your child, they change.
587
00:32:46,631 --> 00:32:48,174
It's an explosion.
588
00:32:53,513 --> 00:32:54,721
My God.
589
00:32:54,722 --> 00:32:56,307
Congrats, Vane.
590
00:32:59,644 --> 00:33:02,771
My love.
591
00:33:02,772 --> 00:33:04,315
He looks like his father, once again.
592
00:33:06,442 --> 00:33:09,612
Everything is concluded in a single word.
593
00:33:10,530 --> 00:33:12,155
Ciao. Hey.
594
00:33:12,156 --> 00:33:13,282
Joy.
595
00:33:14,283 --> 00:33:16,369
Yes, love. Hello.
596
00:33:25,962 --> 00:33:30,882
When I first
saw plastic inside the human placenta,
597
00:33:30,883 --> 00:33:32,510
I didn't feel joy.
598
00:33:33,052 --> 00:33:34,887
Quite the opposite.
599
00:33:37,974 --> 00:33:41,227
We asked mothers
to donate their placentas,
600
00:33:41,811 --> 00:33:46,107
being careful
not to corrupt them with plastic.
601
00:33:57,410 --> 00:33:59,411
- Can you show me?
- Of course.
602
00:33:59,412 --> 00:34:01,997
Yes. We have some good results.
603
00:34:01,998 --> 00:34:05,042
In my opinion,
we found something interesting.
604
00:34:05,043 --> 00:34:07,044
We found this object.
605
00:34:07,045 --> 00:34:09,755
We see that it has multiple layers,
606
00:34:09,756 --> 00:34:14,010
like other microplastics described.
607
00:34:14,719 --> 00:34:16,970
We analyzed the samples
608
00:34:16,971 --> 00:34:20,766
and in some of them
we found microplastics.
609
00:34:20,767 --> 00:34:24,144
And we found various types of plastics.
610
00:34:24,145 --> 00:34:27,147
Polypropylene, polyethylene and so on.
611
00:34:27,148 --> 00:34:28,566
Have a seat.
612
00:34:30,568 --> 00:34:34,446
We thought,
"If microplastics are in the placenta,
613
00:34:34,447 --> 00:34:38,575
perhaps they are in other places as well."
614
00:34:38,576 --> 00:34:42,497
The movement is this and this.
615
00:34:43,247 --> 00:34:46,084
We asked mothers to donate milk.
616
00:34:46,751 --> 00:34:48,002
Excellent.
617
00:34:48,920 --> 00:34:52,090
And we saw that in many of these samples,
618
00:34:52,965 --> 00:34:54,383
there are plastics.
619
00:34:57,470 --> 00:35:00,056
Plastics are in everybody.
620
00:35:01,516 --> 00:35:03,643
I mean, that's really scary.
621
00:35:15,113 --> 00:35:18,824
I would say the approach of industry
is to ignore the problem,
622
00:35:18,825 --> 00:35:20,826
to make more of these chemicals,
623
00:35:20,827 --> 00:35:24,330
to put more of them into plastic,
and increase production.
624
00:35:26,457 --> 00:35:31,002
No company is going to change
making a product willingly
625
00:35:31,003 --> 00:35:33,588
if it's going to affect their bottom line.
626
00:35:33,589 --> 00:35:34,966
That's the reality.
627
00:35:38,511 --> 00:35:43,598
So just as I won't stop
talking about the harms that I see,
628
00:35:43,599 --> 00:35:48,436
they are not going to stop
following what they feel is their duty,
629
00:35:48,437 --> 00:35:51,899
which is, I guess,
to protect the value of their stocks.
630
00:35:53,067 --> 00:35:54,484
We have different goals.
631
00:35:54,485 --> 00:35:56,862
After a decade
of planning and construction,
632
00:35:56,863 --> 00:36:00,532
Shell's cracker plant
in Beaver County is finally about to open.
633
00:36:00,533 --> 00:36:01,950
In the course of a year,
634
00:36:01,951 --> 00:36:05,996
the plant will produce
3.5 billion pounds of plastic pellets.
635
00:36:05,997 --> 00:36:07,998
In its short span of operations,
636
00:36:07,999 --> 00:36:11,209
the multibillion-dollar
Shell cracker plant
637
00:36:11,210 --> 00:36:12,794
has been beset with problems.
638
00:36:12,795 --> 00:36:14,754
According to Shell's own data,
639
00:36:14,755 --> 00:36:17,716
the malfunction resulted
in elevated levels of benzene,
640
00:36:17,717 --> 00:36:20,552
a colorless chemical
that can cause cancer.
641
00:36:20,553 --> 00:36:23,180
The EPA knows
that toxic petrochemical facilities
642
00:36:23,181 --> 00:36:26,766
{\an8}are some of the most toxic
polluting facilities in the world…
643
00:36:26,767 --> 00:36:28,143
{\an8}I'm trying to give you the floor.
644
00:36:28,144 --> 00:36:30,187
{\an8}…and are killing Black people
throughout Louisiana.
645
00:36:30,188 --> 00:36:32,189
{\an8}Everything you have,
646
00:36:32,190 --> 00:36:34,941
{\an8}your clothes, your glasses,
the car you got here on,
647
00:36:34,942 --> 00:36:38,987
{\an8}your phone, everything you've got
is petrochemical products.
648
00:36:38,988 --> 00:36:40,530
What would you do with that?
649
00:36:40,531 --> 00:36:45,953
To know how people are making chemicals
with absolutely no regard
650
00:36:46,662 --> 00:36:48,330
to their impact on human health,
651
00:36:48,331 --> 00:36:50,123
it makes me extremely angry
652
00:36:50,124 --> 00:36:51,959
and want to fight,
and that's why I'm fighting.
653
00:36:55,421 --> 00:36:57,881
{\an8}Tell me some of the changes you've made,
654
00:36:57,882 --> 00:37:01,384
both what you eat and how you handle food.
655
00:37:01,385 --> 00:37:04,262
{\an8}- We do eat out a lot less than we were.
- Oh, yeah.
656
00:37:04,263 --> 00:37:06,514
{\an8}The study can feel daunting.
657
00:37:06,515 --> 00:37:09,517
{\an8}Plastics are so pervasive.
They're everywhere.
658
00:37:09,518 --> 00:37:11,729
And the question then becomes, "Well…
659
00:37:12,396 --> 00:37:16,191
boy, can I even make any changes
that are going to make a difference?"
660
00:37:16,192 --> 00:37:17,275
So, like…
661
00:37:17,276 --> 00:37:19,361
But I think having
Shanna here has been great
662
00:37:19,362 --> 00:37:23,365
because she's been able to guide as far as
what are some alternatives we can do?
663
00:37:23,366 --> 00:37:27,869
And maybe we can't get rid of everything,
but here are a few key areas that we can.
664
00:37:27,870 --> 00:37:30,538
At least reduce
and see if that'll make a difference.
665
00:37:30,539 --> 00:37:33,917
Of course, we'll always
be a little sad if nothing comes of it,
666
00:37:33,918 --> 00:37:35,585
but you don't know until you try.
667
00:37:35,586 --> 00:37:37,755
You've got to give it a shot,
see what happens.
668
00:37:39,090 --> 00:37:41,967
One way that I've tried
to reduce my plastics exposure
669
00:37:41,968 --> 00:37:45,387
is by wearing more sustainable clothing
with natural fibers.
670
00:37:45,388 --> 00:37:47,305
That's really hard to find.
671
00:37:47,306 --> 00:37:49,432
I saw the paper, and I was really excited.
672
00:37:49,433 --> 00:37:52,852
I thought they had plastic-free
shipping materials.
673
00:37:52,853 --> 00:37:54,813
But they don't.
These are all wrapped in plastic.
674
00:37:54,814 --> 00:37:59,026
"95% micromodal, 5% elastane."
675
00:37:59,527 --> 00:38:01,528
I have no idea what any of that means.
676
00:38:01,529 --> 00:38:06,700
"88% polyester recycled, 12% elastane."
677
00:38:06,701 --> 00:38:07,701
So, yeah.
678
00:38:07,702 --> 00:38:10,328
This is cotton, 100% organic cotton.
679
00:38:10,329 --> 00:38:13,540
So yay, um, one out of three.
680
00:38:13,541 --> 00:38:14,667
Yay, let's try it.
681
00:38:24,593 --> 00:38:26,594
Your skin is your largest organ,
682
00:38:26,595 --> 00:38:30,558
and it can absorb over 60%
of the chemicals that are put on it.
683
00:38:31,642 --> 00:38:35,812
These toxins that are part
of our dye and our fabric
684
00:38:35,813 --> 00:38:38,189
are being absorbed into our skin,
685
00:38:38,190 --> 00:38:41,569
so it's going to shorten
our lives and our fertility.
686
00:38:44,030 --> 00:38:46,281
{\an8}I am a natural fashion designer,
687
00:38:46,282 --> 00:38:49,618
{\an8}and I began in the fashion industry
as a fashion model.
688
00:38:50,494 --> 00:38:54,414
I did a lot of street wear,
body wear, beauty.
689
00:38:54,415 --> 00:38:56,666
It definitely taught me something.
690
00:38:56,667 --> 00:39:00,628
Everything is about the drape
of the fabric and the fit of the garment.
691
00:39:00,629 --> 00:39:04,716
So as a model, I actually knew
how a garment should fit
692
00:39:04,717 --> 00:39:07,970
before I ended up
working in the industry for designers.
693
00:39:09,347 --> 00:39:13,767
{\an8}I worked with Calvin Klein
and Jones New York, Perry Ellis America.
694
00:39:13,768 --> 00:39:16,437
Then I moved into private label design.
695
00:39:16,937 --> 00:39:20,732
Those large department stores would love
the designs that we would create,
696
00:39:20,733 --> 00:39:22,901
but then they would say
it's way too expensive.
697
00:39:22,902 --> 00:39:25,904
A lot of companies
are skimping on quality.
698
00:39:25,905 --> 00:39:27,989
And so we would have to pull pennies
699
00:39:27,990 --> 00:39:29,783
out of every step of the supply chain
700
00:39:29,784 --> 00:39:31,659
so that we could meet their prices.
701
00:39:31,660 --> 00:39:35,246
At prices like these, it can be
more expensive to clean your clothes
702
00:39:35,247 --> 00:39:38,500
than it is to throw away
your dirty clothes and buy all new ones.
703
00:39:38,501 --> 00:39:43,505
We would substitute acrylic
for wool, polyester for cotton,
704
00:39:43,506 --> 00:39:47,133
nylon for silk, and spandex for rubber.
705
00:39:47,134 --> 00:39:51,054
And what I didn't realize then
was that all those substitute fibers
706
00:39:51,055 --> 00:39:53,473
are plastic and endocrine disruptors.
707
00:39:53,474 --> 00:39:58,521
By 2030, 70% of all fibers
and therefore fabrics
708
00:39:59,397 --> 00:40:02,733
are projected to be from plastic.
709
00:40:09,031 --> 00:40:12,200
When I was raising my two kids
710
00:40:12,201 --> 00:40:16,329
and weaning my second
off of breastfeeding,
711
00:40:16,330 --> 00:40:20,418
I discovered a lump,
and it was breast cancer.
712
00:40:22,044 --> 00:40:25,840
I was told it was a rapidly growing,
pretty aggressive cancer.
713
00:40:26,549 --> 00:40:32,012
It was very difficult for me to accept
taking chemotherapy, which is a toxin.
714
00:40:32,513 --> 00:40:33,722
But I did it.
715
00:40:34,598 --> 00:40:38,519
They then told me I had to do
a heavy round of radiation.
716
00:40:40,020 --> 00:40:43,899
So I asked if I could just do
a double mastectomy instead.
717
00:40:45,609 --> 00:40:46,485
So…
718
00:40:47,069 --> 00:40:51,198
um, yeah, the cancer
took my breasts and my fertility.
719
00:40:52,867 --> 00:40:56,829
A few years later, I founded this company
and did a photo shoot.
720
00:40:58,456 --> 00:41:00,206
There were nine women,
721
00:41:00,207 --> 00:41:04,086
and one had just done
a topless photo for us.
722
00:41:05,129 --> 00:41:08,631
Across her chest it said,
"Fuck breast cancer."
723
00:41:08,632 --> 00:41:10,342
I said, "Well, I had breast cancer."
724
00:41:11,552 --> 00:41:15,848
We realized that out of nine women,
three of us had breast cancer.
725
00:41:16,765 --> 00:41:19,685
That was a little bit
of a flame underneath me.
726
00:41:20,352 --> 00:41:22,812
I thought if we create healthy clothing,
727
00:41:22,813 --> 00:41:25,774
maybe we can heal,
in some way, the industry.
728
00:41:26,942 --> 00:41:30,862
Hello, and welcome back to my channel.
We're doing another "best of."
729
00:41:30,863 --> 00:41:33,323
{\an8}I'm going to be sharing
my top ten hair care favorites.
730
00:41:33,324 --> 00:41:36,284
Because, yes, I have found the secret.
731
00:41:36,285 --> 00:41:39,204
We have routines as humans,
732
00:41:39,205 --> 00:41:44,709
and routines create routine exposures.
733
00:41:44,710 --> 00:41:47,670
Have you ever walked around
the personal care section of a store
734
00:41:47,671 --> 00:41:50,673
and looked at the ingredients
in the products you put on your skin
735
00:41:50,674 --> 00:41:51,842
and on your body every day?
736
00:41:52,426 --> 00:41:54,302
Personal care products
737
00:41:54,303 --> 00:41:58,640
and makeup contain
endocrine-disruptor chemicals.
738
00:41:58,641 --> 00:42:00,517
{\an8}Formaldehyde, PFASs,
739
00:42:00,518 --> 00:42:02,977
{\an8}which are also used in flame retardants,
740
00:42:02,978 --> 00:42:05,647
phthalates, xenoestrogens, sulfates,
741
00:42:05,648 --> 00:42:08,066
triclosan, EDTA, parabens…
742
00:42:08,067 --> 00:42:12,947
All of these chemicals
are added to enhance the product.
743
00:42:13,656 --> 00:42:16,616
You see phthalates added in hairspray
744
00:42:16,617 --> 00:42:20,162
because it helps
with the flexibility of the hair.
745
00:42:21,205 --> 00:42:24,999
It's also added because
it helps the product smell good.
746
00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:27,545
It's part of the ingredients for scent.
747
00:42:28,254 --> 00:42:32,341
But these chemicals
that are added to enhance the product,
748
00:42:33,175 --> 00:42:36,470
actually adversely affect our health.
749
00:42:38,013 --> 00:42:42,141
My research found that the earlier age
750
00:42:42,142 --> 00:42:45,103
that women started using hair products,
751
00:42:45,104 --> 00:42:48,815
the earlier the age they had their period.
752
00:42:48,816 --> 00:42:51,442
{\an8}Girls in America
are reaching puberty earlier.
753
00:42:51,443 --> 00:42:55,029
The percentage of girls
getting their period before the age of 11
754
00:42:55,030 --> 00:42:58,534
almost doubled from about
eight and a half to fifteen and a half.
755
00:42:59,577 --> 00:43:02,495
Having your period early
756
00:43:02,496 --> 00:43:04,998
is a risk factor for breast cancer.
757
00:43:04,999 --> 00:43:07,792
{\an8}Increased risk
of breast cancer, uterine cancer,
758
00:43:07,793 --> 00:43:11,547
{\an8}again, because there's more time that
they're subjected to the hormone estrogen.
759
00:43:12,590 --> 00:43:16,259
The fact of the matter
is that certain populations
760
00:43:16,260 --> 00:43:20,346
are more exposed to environmental toxins.
761
00:43:20,347 --> 00:43:24,225
Research shows that Black girls are more
than twice as likely as white girls
762
00:43:24,226 --> 00:43:26,144
to start their puberty early.
763
00:43:26,145 --> 00:43:29,647
Black women have
the highest rate of breast cancer,
764
00:43:29,648 --> 00:43:31,941
fibroids, obesity.
765
00:43:31,942 --> 00:43:36,904
This correlation has been
linked to toxic ingredients
766
00:43:36,905 --> 00:43:39,407
in their beauty products that they use.
767
00:43:39,408 --> 00:43:42,285
Some groups are more exposed than others,
768
00:43:42,286 --> 00:43:44,663
but we're all exposed.
769
00:43:57,926 --> 00:44:02,972
{\an8}Here in Louisiana, they let industry,
in particular the fossil fuel industry,
770
00:44:02,973 --> 00:44:06,101
{\an8}just build there and build
and build and build and build.
771
00:44:07,561 --> 00:44:10,730
You have these communities
that are completely surrounded
772
00:44:10,731 --> 00:44:12,940
by the fossil fuel industry.
773
00:44:12,941 --> 00:44:14,776
A stretch of land in Louisiana
774
00:44:14,777 --> 00:44:17,403
that used to be known
as plantation country,
775
00:44:17,404 --> 00:44:20,406
residents whose ancestors
have lived here for generations
776
00:44:20,407 --> 00:44:22,117
are now fighting for clean air.
777
00:44:22,701 --> 00:44:27,456
Community after community,
all surrounded by industrial plants.
778
00:44:29,750 --> 00:44:33,294
{\an8}Petrochemical industry
impacts people of color
779
00:44:33,295 --> 00:44:35,756
{\an8}from a location standpoint.
780
00:44:36,465 --> 00:44:39,884
In this country, 68% of Black people
781
00:44:39,885 --> 00:44:42,804
live within 30 miles
of a coal-fired power plant.
782
00:44:42,805 --> 00:44:46,557
And then on top of that, within plastics
and petrochemicals here in Louisiana,
783
00:44:46,558 --> 00:44:49,019
they're living literally
within just miles.
784
00:44:49,978 --> 00:44:51,896
The term "fenceline community"
785
00:44:51,897 --> 00:44:56,901
literally means that there's a fence
between your backyard,
786
00:44:56,902 --> 00:45:00,864
your swing set,
and petrochemical facilities.
787
00:45:04,493 --> 00:45:07,245
There is a region within Louisiana
788
00:45:07,246 --> 00:45:10,581
from Baton Rouge to New Orleans,
789
00:45:10,582 --> 00:45:13,127
and that is "Cancer Alley."
790
00:45:13,627 --> 00:45:16,755
{\an8}One of my co-workers,
she died with cancer.
791
00:45:17,464 --> 00:45:19,090
{\an8}Right there in that house.
792
00:45:19,091 --> 00:45:22,719
{\an8}When you go straight,
my uncle and his wife both have cancer.
793
00:45:22,720 --> 00:45:26,597
My neighbor on one side of me,
she had stage four cancer.
794
00:45:26,598 --> 00:45:28,933
Went in hospital,
I ain't never seen her no more. She died.
795
00:45:28,934 --> 00:45:31,936
After the plants came here,
start polluting, Oliver died.
796
00:45:31,937 --> 00:45:34,814
Oliver got sick and died.
And I know because I was dating him.
797
00:45:34,815 --> 00:45:36,899
And my friend Matt just died.
798
00:45:36,900 --> 00:45:38,735
Matt told me to fight.
799
00:45:38,736 --> 00:45:40,653
And I'm gonna fight for Matt.
800
00:45:40,654 --> 00:45:43,239
Miss Sharon, we done drove
just about a mile…
801
00:45:43,240 --> 00:45:44,157
Mm-hm.
802
00:45:44,158 --> 00:45:46,617
…and you called about 40 people who died.
803
00:45:46,618 --> 00:45:47,453
Yes.
804
00:45:48,245 --> 00:45:51,957
It hurts that I know all these people,
and they're dying.
805
00:45:52,666 --> 00:45:54,835
Everybody got cancer. What's wrong?
806
00:45:58,756 --> 00:46:00,882
I mean, you ain't gotta go far.
807
00:46:00,883 --> 00:46:03,176
- No.
- You got the home right here.
808
00:46:03,177 --> 00:46:04,218
Right there.
809
00:46:04,219 --> 00:46:06,304
Got the fossil fuel industry right there.
810
00:46:06,305 --> 00:46:07,305
That's right.
811
00:46:07,306 --> 00:46:09,891
- And the cemetery right here.
- That's right.
812
00:46:09,892 --> 00:46:11,934
I mean, we all gonna die.
813
00:46:11,935 --> 00:46:14,395
We just want to…
We don't want to die too quick.
814
00:46:14,396 --> 00:46:17,398
- Too quick. That's right.
- And not for someone else's greed.
815
00:46:17,399 --> 00:46:18,442
That's right.
816
00:46:19,026 --> 00:46:20,277
It's heartbreaking.
817
00:46:21,487 --> 00:46:23,947
- But we gotta fight.
- Mm.
818
00:46:30,537 --> 00:46:32,873
Their business plan
819
00:46:33,540 --> 00:46:37,920
is a death sentence for our communities.
820
00:46:39,338 --> 00:46:44,425
I mean, they're making money
and profit off of the deaths of people,
821
00:46:44,426 --> 00:46:46,636
like, to make plastic?
822
00:46:46,637 --> 00:46:48,639
Like, to make plastic,
823
00:46:49,389 --> 00:46:50,599
they're killing us.
824
00:47:16,875 --> 00:47:18,334
{\an8}All right. So update here.
825
00:47:18,335 --> 00:47:20,294
{\an8}We're in, uh, January,
826
00:47:20,295 --> 00:47:23,923
{\an8}about a month
into the plastic study thus far. Um…
827
00:47:23,924 --> 00:47:26,968
Last month, we did, uh, get pregnant,
828
00:47:26,969 --> 00:47:31,306
um, but it ended up being
an early miscarriage.
829
00:47:31,932 --> 00:47:34,684
It's a little bit hard
with family and everything
830
00:47:34,685 --> 00:47:38,813
and trying to stay positive
during the holidays
831
00:47:38,814 --> 00:47:41,400
and not being able to talk to anybody
832
00:47:42,526 --> 00:47:44,319
about it. Um…
833
00:47:44,903 --> 00:47:45,987
So, yeah.
834
00:47:45,988 --> 00:47:51,033
Uh, seems it brought us some hope, though.
835
00:47:51,034 --> 00:47:53,828
It's definitely a good sign, I think. Um…
836
00:47:53,829 --> 00:47:57,039
It's a good sign that my body
can get pregnant.
837
00:47:57,040 --> 00:48:01,294
You know, we've been really careful
with our plastic consumption,
838
00:48:01,295 --> 00:48:03,796
really diligent about the study.
839
00:48:03,797 --> 00:48:08,801
Um, and we have seen the best results
as far as pregnancy goes so far.
840
00:48:08,802 --> 00:48:11,596
So hopefully, by the end of the study,
841
00:48:11,597 --> 00:48:14,600
we can check back in with better news.
842
00:48:18,937 --> 00:48:22,983
Plastic is only possible
because of chemistry.
843
00:48:24,026 --> 00:48:28,864
And chemists don't want
to poison and destroy the world.
844
00:48:29,531 --> 00:48:33,868
Companies know if you kill your customer,
that's going to be bad for sales.
845
00:48:33,869 --> 00:48:36,287
So it's not a revolution to say,
846
00:48:36,288 --> 00:48:38,790
"Gee whiz, we should have nontoxic,
safe things."
847
00:48:39,833 --> 00:48:43,210
But if you look
at the education of chemists,
848
00:48:43,211 --> 00:48:47,506
you'll be shocked to find
there is no fundamental classes
849
00:48:47,507 --> 00:48:51,344
that teach people
how to anticipate the negative impacts
850
00:48:51,345 --> 00:48:53,513
on human health and the environment.
851
00:48:54,306 --> 00:48:57,308
They don't know
the mechanisms of toxicity.
852
00:48:57,309 --> 00:49:00,938
They don't know
the mechanisms of biodegradation.
853
00:49:01,855 --> 00:49:05,733
It seemed to me, shouldn't that be
the first thing a chemist learns,
854
00:49:05,734 --> 00:49:08,569
you know, is how not to hurt people?
855
00:49:08,570 --> 00:49:13,325
But the fact that it's absent
from the curriculum is shocking.
856
00:49:18,580 --> 00:49:22,626
I actually am not someone
who grew up wanting to be a chemist.
857
00:49:23,377 --> 00:49:26,671
Had anyone told me that I was gonna
end up being an industrial chemist,
858
00:49:26,672 --> 00:49:28,256
I would have laughed at them.
859
00:49:29,633 --> 00:49:32,259
But when I realized
that scientists created,
860
00:49:32,260 --> 00:49:35,721
scientists designed, scientists imagined,
861
00:49:35,722 --> 00:49:39,685
I saw chemistry as an artistic expression.
862
00:49:40,978 --> 00:49:43,647
So I went,
and I became a medicinal chemist.
863
00:49:45,399 --> 00:49:49,318
I published five papers before I was 21,
864
00:49:49,319 --> 00:49:52,154
and I went to graduate school,
to Princeton.
865
00:49:52,155 --> 00:49:54,240
And by the time I was 25,
866
00:49:54,241 --> 00:49:57,369
I had 25 publications.
867
00:49:58,745 --> 00:50:02,708
I worked on an anti-cancer drug
that's now called Alimta.
868
00:50:04,292 --> 00:50:07,628
And I went to work
in industry for Polaroid.
869
00:50:07,629 --> 00:50:11,048
And before very long,
I had dozens of patents,
870
00:50:11,049 --> 00:50:15,094
inventions, products, awards, prizes.
871
00:50:15,095 --> 00:50:16,555
And then disaster hit.
872
00:50:20,767 --> 00:50:25,022
My son John was born
with a disease called biliary atresia.
873
00:50:26,732 --> 00:50:30,943
It's a disease where his liver's
detached from his intestines,
874
00:50:30,944 --> 00:50:34,281
and he can't metabolize
water and soluble nutrients.
875
00:50:35,449 --> 00:50:38,451
He was given a surgery at birth,
876
00:50:38,452 --> 00:50:41,872
and at two years old, we lost him.
877
00:50:43,582 --> 00:50:48,335
We never really acknowledged
he was terminally ill until the end.
878
00:50:48,336 --> 00:50:50,212
We always kind of had hope.
879
00:50:50,213 --> 00:50:52,299
But yeah, it's, uh… it's difficult.
880
00:50:54,259 --> 00:50:57,094
Lying in bed
the night of my son's funeral,
881
00:50:57,095 --> 00:51:00,389
staring at the ceiling, I asked myself,
882
00:51:00,390 --> 00:51:03,392
"I wonder if something I touched
in the chemistry lab
883
00:51:03,393 --> 00:51:05,979
caused my son's birth defect?"
884
00:51:08,482 --> 00:51:09,857
I'd say, "Why?"
885
00:51:09,858 --> 00:51:13,486
"Why would anybody
invent something hazardous?"
886
00:51:13,487 --> 00:51:15,071
"But wait a minute."
887
00:51:15,072 --> 00:51:19,867
"If it's not part of their education
to recognize and anticipate it,
888
00:51:19,868 --> 00:51:21,328
how could they not?"
889
00:51:26,458 --> 00:51:28,209
Good, okay.
890
00:51:28,210 --> 00:51:29,419
Is it?
891
00:51:30,128 --> 00:51:32,088
Oh, yeah. Wow, that has a lot more--
892
00:51:32,089 --> 00:51:35,049
You dissected that away
from the yolk of one?
893
00:51:35,050 --> 00:51:36,467
Yeah, from right here.
894
00:51:36,468 --> 00:51:39,804
Me and my students,
we look at various different chemicals,
895
00:51:39,805 --> 00:51:42,682
ranging from BPA compounds and phthalates,
896
00:51:43,350 --> 00:51:47,103
{\an8}and we look at the effects
on developmental pathways
897
00:51:47,104 --> 00:51:49,855
{\an8}going from very, very early in development
898
00:51:49,856 --> 00:51:54,693
{\an8}that sort of mimic the time
that a human embryo in a womb
899
00:51:54,694 --> 00:51:56,655
would be exposed
to some of these chemicals.
900
00:51:57,864 --> 00:52:00,367
We use animal models
like the chick embryo.
901
00:52:01,076 --> 00:52:02,743
It's really easy to do.
902
00:52:02,744 --> 00:52:05,955
We micro-inject,
using little micropipettes,
903
00:52:05,956 --> 00:52:08,541
various doses of the compounds.
904
00:52:08,542 --> 00:52:13,338
We incubate them, and then on day 12,
we analyze them under the microscope.
905
00:52:18,343 --> 00:52:21,637
You don't have to be a scientist
to even figure it out.
906
00:52:21,638 --> 00:52:26,142
You can just look at the control embryos
versus the phthalate-treated embryos.
907
00:52:26,143 --> 00:52:28,687
And the differences are quite stark.
908
00:52:29,312 --> 00:52:31,814
All right, so this is classic
phthalate exposure.
909
00:52:31,815 --> 00:52:34,441
So all those characteristic things
that we've been seeing,
910
00:52:34,442 --> 00:52:38,028
we see decreased pigmentation
across the whole body,
911
00:52:38,029 --> 00:52:41,824
decreased pigmentation
in the eye and the retina and the iris.
912
00:52:41,825 --> 00:52:43,701
And then in this case, especially,
913
00:52:43,702 --> 00:52:46,370
we see an opening up
of the abdominal wall,
914
00:52:46,371 --> 00:52:49,039
some of the internal organs
actually coming out,
915
00:52:49,040 --> 00:52:50,958
protruding outside of the body wall.
916
00:52:50,959 --> 00:52:54,837
So a lot of these, uh,
deformities or malformations
917
00:52:54,838 --> 00:52:57,506
that are very characteristic
of phthalate exposure.
918
00:52:57,507 --> 00:53:02,178
We took some representative pictures
of all of the embryos
919
00:53:02,179 --> 00:53:05,097
that were treated with,
in this case, it was BPA,
920
00:53:05,098 --> 00:53:07,057
even at the low doses,
921
00:53:07,058 --> 00:53:09,518
and then going
to the intermediate-to-high doses.
922
00:53:09,519 --> 00:53:14,231
There are extreme embryonic defects,
cranial facial disruptions.
923
00:53:14,232 --> 00:53:16,275
The size of the body in this case
924
00:53:16,276 --> 00:53:18,986
is a third of that
of the control situation.
925
00:53:18,987 --> 00:53:22,323
Organs protruding outside of the body.
926
00:53:22,324 --> 00:53:26,577
Some embryos that are just completely
malformed that they stop developing.
927
00:53:26,578 --> 00:53:30,706
These are reminiscent
of many common human birth defects.
928
00:53:30,707 --> 00:53:36,129
And we see that with these very low doses
of phthalates and BPA compounds.
929
00:53:38,548 --> 00:53:39,882
Unfortunately,
930
00:53:39,883 --> 00:53:43,761
many of us have been taught
that only the dose makes a thing a poison.
931
00:53:43,762 --> 00:53:44,887
It's common sense.
932
00:53:44,888 --> 00:53:47,765
Like, everything in moderation,
if you will.
933
00:53:47,766 --> 00:53:51,936
{\an8}But the reality is that even
the smallest levels of exposure
934
00:53:51,937 --> 00:53:53,354
can have profound effects,
935
00:53:53,355 --> 00:53:57,358
particularly when we're talking
about our hormones.
936
00:53:57,359 --> 00:54:01,820
{\an8}It takes only a tiny amount of a chemical
to alter the behavior of genes.
937
00:54:01,821 --> 00:54:03,573
{\an8}That's what endocrine disruption
is all about.
938
00:54:05,325 --> 00:54:07,534
So that as a fetus is developing,
939
00:54:07,535 --> 00:54:10,621
the wrong gene gets turned on
at the wrong time,
940
00:54:10,622 --> 00:54:13,374
and development goes along the wrong path.
941
00:54:13,375 --> 00:54:16,794
Now we know that parts per billion
can be harmful,
942
00:54:16,795 --> 00:54:18,588
and that seems like
a really little amount.
943
00:54:19,464 --> 00:54:21,924
But if you have a drop of water
944
00:54:21,925 --> 00:54:25,135
in which there is one part per billion
of bisphenol A,
945
00:54:25,136 --> 00:54:26,845
how many molecules of bisphenol A
946
00:54:26,846 --> 00:54:29,139
do you think
are in that one drop of water?
947
00:54:29,140 --> 00:54:32,142
2.65 trillion molecules.
948
00:54:32,143 --> 00:54:34,271
And one of them can cause harm.
949
00:54:34,854 --> 00:54:35,854
That's a problem.
950
00:54:35,855 --> 00:54:39,276
And we're only now reaching the state
of science that we understand that.
951
00:54:42,445 --> 00:54:44,446
{\an8}So, first of all, it's good to see you.
952
00:54:44,447 --> 00:54:46,240
Should we talk about your results?
953
00:54:46,241 --> 00:54:47,199
- I think--
- Yeah.
954
00:54:47,200 --> 00:54:52,329
Well, Darby, your BPA
at the beginning was really high.
955
00:54:52,330 --> 00:54:55,917
And in the follow-up, they dropped a lot.
956
00:54:56,793 --> 00:54:57,960
- That's amazing.
- Wow.
957
00:54:57,961 --> 00:55:00,963
Jesse, you've really dropped in your BPA.
958
00:55:00,964 --> 00:55:02,172
- Really?
- Wow.
959
00:55:02,173 --> 00:55:04,466
So all of those efforts have paid off.
960
00:55:04,467 --> 00:55:05,593
- That's crazy.
- Wow.
961
00:55:06,469 --> 00:55:10,222
I was extremely happy
with the results of the intervention.
962
00:55:10,223 --> 00:55:11,641
After six weeks,
963
00:55:12,225 --> 00:55:17,230
almost everybody dropped
their bisphenol A to non-detectable.
964
00:55:18,481 --> 00:55:21,191
They also dropped their phthalate levels.
965
00:55:21,192 --> 00:55:22,526
And interestingly,
966
00:55:22,527 --> 00:55:27,865
the man and the woman in the couple
had values which traveled in parallel,
967
00:55:27,866 --> 00:55:32,370
which meant they reflected changes
in their shared environment.
968
00:55:35,248 --> 00:55:39,918
{\an8}I wouldn't say I was surprised that
our participants reduced their exposures.
969
00:55:39,919 --> 00:55:43,631
{\an8}What was less clear is how this would
affect their sperm counts.
970
00:55:44,716 --> 00:55:46,800
And to be honest, after six weeks,
971
00:55:46,801 --> 00:55:49,011
we didn't see much change.
972
00:55:49,012 --> 00:55:51,305
I was really sad when I got those results.
973
00:55:51,306 --> 00:55:54,433
I was like, "Dude, what is this?"
Like, I was so upset.
974
00:55:54,434 --> 00:55:58,312
{\an8}This was, of course,
disappointing to the participants.
975
00:55:58,313 --> 00:56:02,775
But we have to remember,
it takes 70 days to produce new sperm.
976
00:56:02,776 --> 00:56:05,361
So it's likely
that we won't see improvement
977
00:56:05,362 --> 00:56:07,780
until our final samples.
978
00:56:07,781 --> 00:56:09,573
{\an8}We're all trying to do a hard thing.
979
00:56:09,574 --> 00:56:12,451
{\an8}And, um, I think
we have to relax a little bit
980
00:56:12,452 --> 00:56:15,747
{\an8}and, if we can,
give it a little more time.
981
00:56:20,502 --> 00:56:24,005
I come to you as a sperm
to ask for your help.
982
00:56:25,215 --> 00:56:28,884
We sperm are becoming
an endangered species.
983
00:56:28,885 --> 00:56:31,387
But this is a problem we can fix.
984
00:56:31,388 --> 00:56:34,390
Please join me
in welcoming one of the people
985
00:56:34,391 --> 00:56:37,434
who really is saving our sperm
and our future,
986
00:56:37,435 --> 00:56:38,561
John Warner.
987
00:56:40,480 --> 00:56:43,441
You may be thinking it's strange
to be introduced by a sperm.
988
00:56:44,526 --> 00:56:46,653
But if you really think about it,
989
00:56:47,195 --> 00:56:48,530
you all were.
990
00:56:53,034 --> 00:56:57,329
After I lost my two-year-old son
to a birth defect,
991
00:56:57,330 --> 00:57:01,458
I realized that there was
a missing element to my education.
992
00:57:01,459 --> 00:57:05,295
And I realized that no university
993
00:57:05,296 --> 00:57:10,759
teaches a chemist anything
about what makes a molecule toxic.
994
00:57:10,760 --> 00:57:15,013
I realized that the world
didn't need a social movement.
995
00:57:15,014 --> 00:57:17,433
The world didn't need a politic.
996
00:57:17,434 --> 00:57:19,476
The world needed a new science.
997
00:57:19,477 --> 00:57:24,481
A science that taught a chemist
how to anticipate these negative impacts.
998
00:57:24,482 --> 00:57:27,444
And that is the birth
of the field of green chemistry.
999
00:57:28,987 --> 00:57:35,117
{\an8}Paul Anastas and I wrote the book
on green chemistry back in the 1990s.
1000
00:57:35,118 --> 00:57:38,745
{\an8}You do any science,
any chemistry you normally would,
1001
00:57:38,746 --> 00:57:42,332
but you put a layer of interpreting,
1002
00:57:42,333 --> 00:57:44,668
"What if this actually succeeds?"
1003
00:57:44,669 --> 00:57:48,422
"What if instead of it just being
a publication in a journal,
1004
00:57:48,423 --> 00:57:50,466
some company actually starts making
1005
00:57:50,467 --> 00:57:54,178
thousands and thousands
of kilotons of it?"
1006
00:57:54,179 --> 00:57:56,513
"What impact are my decisions
1007
00:57:56,514 --> 00:58:01,436
on that first day of my invention
going to have in the future?"
1008
00:58:02,020 --> 00:58:03,729
That's green chemistry.
1009
00:58:03,730 --> 00:58:06,773
At last count,
I think I've been to over 65 countries
1010
00:58:06,774 --> 00:58:09,109
meeting presidents and prime ministers
1011
00:58:09,110 --> 00:58:13,823
and cutting ribbons and giving talks,
that it's starting to be a movement.
1012
00:58:14,449 --> 00:58:18,285
And almost 100 universities globally
have signed this commitment
1013
00:58:18,286 --> 00:58:23,082
saying we will bring green chemistry
into the required curriculum.
1014
00:58:24,125 --> 00:58:27,044
But everyone in society
needs to understand
1015
00:58:27,045 --> 00:58:29,254
things don't have to be toxic.
1016
00:58:29,255 --> 00:58:31,508
We can learn to do it other ways.
1017
00:58:33,718 --> 00:58:36,804
Just everywhere you look,
you have plastic.
1018
00:58:37,514 --> 00:58:38,972
We are really dependent on it.
1019
00:58:38,973 --> 00:58:42,435
It'd be hard to think about
a plastic-free world.
1020
00:58:43,144 --> 00:58:47,773
But plastic in and of itself
is not the evil.
1021
00:58:47,774 --> 00:58:50,400
It is the chemicals in it
1022
00:58:50,401 --> 00:58:52,987
that have the ability
to alter our hormones.
1023
00:59:00,912 --> 00:59:03,414
Many people think
the government takes care of us.
1024
00:59:03,998 --> 00:59:07,418
They would not let us be exposed
to things that would harm us.
1025
00:59:08,002 --> 00:59:13,299
But we're not protected against
the chemicals in our everyday products.
1026
00:59:13,883 --> 00:59:17,135
In terms of regulating these chemicals
in the United States,
1027
00:59:17,136 --> 00:59:20,389
very few chemicals are actually banned.
1028
00:59:20,390 --> 00:59:22,934
And most chemicals
haven't even been tested.
1029
00:59:24,852 --> 00:59:25,978
Time and again,
1030
00:59:25,979 --> 00:59:29,189
we have come to realize
that chemicals on the market for years
1031
00:59:29,190 --> 00:59:30,525
were causing toxicity.
1032
00:59:31,359 --> 00:59:32,818
With DDT.
1033
00:59:32,819 --> 00:59:36,488
Pesticides may indeed
represent a grave threat to mankind.
1034
00:59:36,489 --> 00:59:37,823
With asbestos.
1035
00:59:37,824 --> 00:59:41,326
Today, the Environmental
Protection Agency finalized a ban
1036
00:59:41,327 --> 00:59:44,454
on the only type of asbestos
still used in the United States.
1037
00:59:44,455 --> 00:59:48,292
Lead in the gasoline
was causing brain damage to children.
1038
00:59:48,293 --> 00:59:53,589
Leaded gasoline caused half
of the population to develop a lower IQ.
1039
00:59:53,590 --> 00:59:55,465
When we took lead out of gasoline,
1040
00:59:55,466 --> 00:59:58,343
we reduced children's blood levels by 95%.
1041
00:59:58,344 --> 01:00:02,598
We raised the average IQ of a generation
of children by about five IQ points.
1042
01:00:02,599 --> 01:00:06,059
And those more intelligent,
more highly creative children
1043
01:00:06,060 --> 01:00:09,022
have put billions of dollars
back into the economy.
1044
01:00:10,815 --> 01:00:13,150
So it's a huge success story.
1045
01:00:13,151 --> 01:00:16,446
I think a big question right now is,
what are we gonna do about plastics?
1046
01:00:17,864 --> 01:00:21,158
The media has reported that the federal
government's reluctance to regulate
1047
01:00:21,159 --> 01:00:24,286
{\an8}these chemicals is based
on the reliance of biased studies
1048
01:00:24,287 --> 01:00:26,121
{\an8}from the chemical industry itself.
1049
01:00:26,122 --> 01:00:28,791
{\an8}Senator, at FDA,
1050
01:00:29,417 --> 01:00:32,294
{\an8}all of our products that we approve
1051
01:00:32,295 --> 01:00:38,467
{\an8}are based on data that are prepared
and conducted in studies
1052
01:00:38,468 --> 01:00:40,886
{\an8}by that particular manufacturer.
1053
01:00:40,887 --> 01:00:43,972
{\an8}But doesn't that bother you?
That's my point.
1054
01:00:43,973 --> 01:00:46,266
{\an8}You don't seem to see the connection here.
1055
01:00:46,267 --> 01:00:51,480
{\an8}We got here because the scientific
understanding of endocrine disruption
1056
01:00:51,481 --> 01:00:54,358
{\an8}did not exist when plastics
first came onto the market.
1057
01:00:54,359 --> 01:00:57,944
{\an8}Our genes actually are being turned
on and off trillions of times a second
1058
01:00:57,945 --> 01:01:00,822
{\an8}every day of our life,
every second of our life.
1059
01:01:00,823 --> 01:01:04,869
{\an8}And things like phthalates
and bisphenol A affect
1060
01:01:05,578 --> 01:01:08,080
{\an8}that process of turning genes on and off.
1061
01:01:08,081 --> 01:01:10,832
The FDA and EPA and the CDCs,
1062
01:01:10,833 --> 01:01:14,711
their science currently ignores
molecular genetics.
1063
01:01:14,712 --> 01:01:17,130
Over the last 30 years,
1064
01:01:17,131 --> 01:01:19,925
the science has gotten a lot stronger.
1065
01:01:19,926 --> 01:01:23,596
If anything, we underestimated
the scale of the problem.
1066
01:01:24,972 --> 01:01:28,141
{\an8}The plastics industry
grew to be a behemoth,
1067
01:01:28,142 --> 01:01:32,062
{\an8}and we let that get ahead of us
and out of control.
1068
01:01:32,063 --> 01:01:36,025
{\an8}Many chemicals
leaching out of plastics are EDCs.
1069
01:01:36,609 --> 01:01:38,985
{\an8}That links them to a wide array
1070
01:01:38,986 --> 01:01:42,656
{\an8}of today's epidemics
of noncommunicable diseases,
1071
01:01:42,657 --> 01:01:45,033
{\an8}like breast cancer, prostate cancer,
1072
01:01:45,034 --> 01:01:47,494
{\an8}testicular cancer, infertility,
1073
01:01:47,495 --> 01:01:50,038
{\an8}immune disorders, and brain impediments.
1074
01:01:50,039 --> 01:01:52,332
Unfortunately, in the United States,
1075
01:01:52,333 --> 01:01:54,126
regulatory toxicology,
1076
01:01:54,127 --> 01:01:58,380
it's stalled because the chemical industry
has too much influence on Congress.
1077
01:01:58,381 --> 01:01:59,423
Period.
1078
01:01:59,424 --> 01:02:02,592
{\an8}Stable supply chains are imperative.
1079
01:02:02,593 --> 01:02:05,638
{\an8}Producing plastic in America
is a good thing.
1080
01:02:12,145 --> 01:02:14,563
We now are here on a plantation site
1081
01:02:14,564 --> 01:02:18,817
where my ancestors
were extracted from Africa
1082
01:02:18,818 --> 01:02:21,904
and brought here to be enslaved people.
1083
01:02:23,030 --> 01:02:24,991
The memory of that is still real.
1084
01:02:26,659 --> 01:02:29,828
And now the fossil fuel industry
here in Louisiana,
1085
01:02:29,829 --> 01:02:33,999
they are literally looking to build plants
1086
01:02:34,000 --> 01:02:36,710
on former plantation sites,
1087
01:02:36,711 --> 01:02:40,172
knowing how painful
1088
01:02:40,173 --> 01:02:42,341
that history is for everyone.
1089
01:02:44,635 --> 01:02:49,139
It's heartbreaking
because they take the same mentality
1090
01:02:49,140 --> 01:02:51,183
that was used on plantations
1091
01:02:51,184 --> 01:02:54,394
to not only extract from Mother Earth,
1092
01:02:54,395 --> 01:02:56,773
but to then harm those same people.
1093
01:02:57,565 --> 01:03:01,486
This shows how they don't care
about humanity.
1094
01:03:04,489 --> 01:03:11,536
{\an8}We're here to announce that
Formosa will be investing $9.4 billion.
1095
01:03:11,537 --> 01:03:14,623
So I'm delighted to announce
all this extraordinary capital investment,
1096
01:03:14,624 --> 01:03:17,417
job creation,
right here in St. James Parish,
1097
01:03:17,418 --> 01:03:20,588
just about two miles
from the foot of the Sunshine Bridge.
1098
01:03:22,548 --> 01:03:26,092
The Formosa plant
was a plant that they wanted to build
1099
01:03:26,093 --> 01:03:28,804
on a former plantation site.
1100
01:03:28,805 --> 01:03:30,263
And this isn't just any plant.
1101
01:03:30,264 --> 01:03:32,682
It's being called
the largest facility in the state.
1102
01:03:32,683 --> 01:03:35,143
And people like Sharon Lavigne
1103
01:03:35,144 --> 01:03:40,273
{\an8}who were pushing back
an international mega corporation,
1104
01:03:40,274 --> 01:03:42,234
{\an8}literally off their kitchen table.
1105
01:03:42,235 --> 01:03:44,319
This is a David and Goliath story
1106
01:03:44,320 --> 01:03:45,403
if there ever was one.
1107
01:03:45,404 --> 01:03:47,364
A multibillion-dollar chemical company
1108
01:03:47,365 --> 01:03:50,283
was all set to build
a massive new plant there.
1109
01:03:50,284 --> 01:03:54,413
That is, until they encountered
Miss Sharon Lavigne and Rise St. James.
1110
01:03:55,706 --> 01:03:59,919
Formosa Plastics was proposed
to be built two miles from my home.
1111
01:04:00,419 --> 01:04:04,924
And I said, "Dear Lord, this land
cannot be for Formosa. We live here."
1112
01:04:06,259 --> 01:04:09,427
I had no intentions
on becoming an activist.
1113
01:04:09,428 --> 01:04:13,014
All I know was Formosa Plastics
kept ringing in my ear.
1114
01:04:13,015 --> 01:04:15,392
- First of all, we went to God first.
- Mm-hm.
1115
01:04:15,393 --> 01:04:17,310
- I know I went to God.
- Come on.
1116
01:04:17,311 --> 01:04:19,521
And I sat on my porch, and I prayed.
1117
01:04:19,522 --> 01:04:22,190
And I asked God,
and if God would have told me to move,
1118
01:04:22,191 --> 01:04:23,859
I wouldn't be in this fight today.
1119
01:04:23,860 --> 01:04:25,361
But God told me to fight.
1120
01:04:27,446 --> 01:04:28,446
I was told that,
1121
01:04:28,447 --> 01:04:31,533
"The governor approved this plant,
and you can't stop it."
1122
01:04:31,534 --> 01:04:33,785
I said, "Tell the governor
to build it in his community."
1123
01:04:33,786 --> 01:04:35,912
He thinks the people
in St. James are stupid
1124
01:04:35,913 --> 01:04:38,874
and they're gonna just put another
industry on us, and we have 12?
1125
01:04:38,875 --> 01:04:40,333
No.
1126
01:04:40,334 --> 01:04:42,128
That dog is not gonna hunt.
1127
01:04:44,630 --> 01:04:45,922
We rallied.
1128
01:04:45,923 --> 01:04:48,174
We gave marches.
1129
01:04:48,175 --> 01:04:50,260
We went to the parish council meetings.
1130
01:04:50,261 --> 01:04:53,179
If Formosa come into St. James,
1131
01:04:53,180 --> 01:04:55,599
we will not be able to live.
1132
01:04:55,600 --> 01:04:58,728
We are Rise St. James, and we're gonna
stand up for St. James Parish.
1133
01:04:59,812 --> 01:05:02,273
Formosa has a fight on their hands.
1134
01:05:05,568 --> 01:05:08,446
{\an8}So let me talk to you
about what your last results are.
1135
01:05:09,030 --> 01:05:11,615
What's dramatic is, for me, Katie,
1136
01:05:11,616 --> 01:05:14,534
that your phthalates went up a lot.
1137
01:05:14,535 --> 01:05:18,580
And here you are at a time that you
were lowering all your exposures.
1138
01:05:18,581 --> 01:05:21,791
There's something hidden then.
I'm like, "What's hidden that I'm…?"
1139
01:05:21,792 --> 01:05:24,753
Is it something at work?
You know, like, who knows?
1140
01:05:24,754 --> 01:05:28,757
Tim, your sperm numbers
are not great, right?
1141
01:05:28,758 --> 01:05:30,050
- Right.
- Yeah.
1142
01:05:30,051 --> 01:05:32,928
Your concentration
actually went down a little bit.
1143
01:05:32,929 --> 01:05:33,845
Okay.
1144
01:05:33,846 --> 01:05:37,641
It doesn't look like there's been
a significant improvement,
1145
01:05:37,642 --> 01:05:39,225
I would have to say, honestly.
1146
01:05:39,226 --> 01:05:44,564
What's heartbreaking in these studies
is that not everyone is going to improve.
1147
01:05:44,565 --> 01:05:48,818
It's a difficult thing to remove
all the contaminants in your life.
1148
01:05:48,819 --> 01:05:51,571
Endocrine disruptors are so pervasive,
1149
01:05:51,572 --> 01:05:54,700
you're being exposed
even when you least expect it.
1150
01:05:55,284 --> 01:05:58,578
But that doesn't make it
easier to give bad news.
1151
01:05:58,579 --> 01:06:01,498
I mean, you guys have tried
for a long time, right?
1152
01:06:01,499 --> 01:06:02,415
Mm-hm.
1153
01:06:02,416 --> 01:06:04,668
- Yeah. Over ten years.
- Yeah.
1154
01:06:04,669 --> 01:06:07,087
I mean, I'm really glad
that the intervention
1155
01:06:07,088 --> 01:06:09,381
has been helpful to your life.
1156
01:06:09,382 --> 01:06:10,340
Yeah.
1157
01:06:10,341 --> 01:06:13,802
But I don't see any signs here
that you're going to imminently,
1158
01:06:13,803 --> 01:06:15,303
you know, gonna get pregnant.
1159
01:06:15,304 --> 01:06:16,596
- For sure.
- Right.
1160
01:06:16,597 --> 01:06:18,556
- And that's okay, like…
- Yes.
1161
01:06:18,557 --> 01:06:19,849
We, you know…
1162
01:06:19,850 --> 01:06:22,853
We know it's going to take a miracle, so…
1163
01:06:24,730 --> 01:06:27,566
It's been really hard
not being able to conceive.
1164
01:06:28,317 --> 01:06:30,819
In all honesty,
there definitely have been moments
1165
01:06:30,820 --> 01:06:33,280
when I have felt pretty jaded about it.
1166
01:06:33,990 --> 01:06:37,575
Difficult part that has actually
gotten more difficult each year,
1167
01:06:37,576 --> 01:06:40,454
at least for me, is, um…
1168
01:06:41,080 --> 01:06:42,999
like Father's Day and Mother's Day.
1169
01:06:44,166 --> 01:06:46,919
Something that I always thought
I'd be celebrating.
1170
01:06:47,712 --> 01:06:49,672
But that's not who we are.
1171
01:06:50,673 --> 01:06:52,007
It just makes you think,
1172
01:06:52,008 --> 01:06:55,761
"Wow, our lives are so much different
than what I expected them to be."
1173
01:06:56,554 --> 01:06:59,431
But I'm never going to let go
of this hope that I have
1174
01:06:59,432 --> 01:07:02,143
that we could still
possibly have kids one day.
1175
01:07:07,481 --> 01:07:10,316
{\an8}California's top cop subpoenas ExxonMobil…
1176
01:07:10,317 --> 01:07:14,320
{\an8}Attorney General Rob Bonta says
fossil fuel and petrochemical companies
1177
01:07:14,321 --> 01:07:17,449
have been overstating the role
of recycling and curbing the problem.
1178
01:07:17,450 --> 01:07:20,785
{\an8}The fossil fuel
and petrochemical industries
1179
01:07:20,786 --> 01:07:25,707
{\an8}have engaged in a half-century
campaign of deception.
1180
01:07:25,708 --> 01:07:30,336
The work I do is official in conduct,
but it's also personal.
1181
01:07:30,337 --> 01:07:33,798
My oldest daughter has told me,
"Dad, I love my family."
1182
01:07:33,799 --> 01:07:35,884
"I want to have
a family of my own someday."
1183
01:07:35,885 --> 01:07:39,930
"But I don't think it's responsible
to bring a child onto this dying planet."
1184
01:07:40,431 --> 01:07:42,474
"So I'm not planning
on having a family right now."
1185
01:07:42,475 --> 01:07:43,475
That's wrong.
1186
01:07:43,476 --> 01:07:45,310
We shouldn't steal the dreams of our--
1187
01:07:45,311 --> 01:07:48,271
Of the next generation
because of our mistakes,
1188
01:07:48,272 --> 01:07:51,149
of our failure, uh, to be responsible.
1189
01:07:51,150 --> 01:07:53,319
In pursuit of what? Endless profit?
1190
01:07:59,784 --> 01:08:03,787
{\an8}The entire plastics industry
is built on a lie.
1191
01:08:03,788 --> 01:08:08,666
The only reason
that plastics today are ubiquitous
1192
01:08:08,667 --> 01:08:13,005
is because people were told
that this product can be recycled.
1193
01:08:13,672 --> 01:08:15,840
People start pollution.
1194
01:08:15,841 --> 01:08:17,468
People can stop it.
1195
01:08:19,553 --> 01:08:21,596
{\an8}The organization that produced that ad,
1196
01:08:21,597 --> 01:08:23,014
{\an8}Keep America Beautiful,
1197
01:08:23,015 --> 01:08:25,809
{\an8}was funded in part
by a plastics industry trade group
1198
01:08:25,810 --> 01:08:28,645
and composed of leading beverage
and packaging corporations,
1199
01:08:28,646 --> 01:08:33,149
which might seem odd until you realize
that the underlying message there is,
1200
01:08:33,150 --> 01:08:36,320
"It's up to you,
the consumer, to stop pollution."
1201
01:08:39,073 --> 01:08:41,699
People would not have purchased plastics
1202
01:08:41,700 --> 01:08:43,952
and relied on plastics
and consumed plastics
1203
01:08:43,953 --> 01:08:47,164
knowing that it was
destroying the planet as we did so.
1204
01:08:47,873 --> 01:08:49,624
The California Department of Justice
1205
01:08:49,625 --> 01:08:53,212
launched an investigation into ExxonMobil.
1206
01:08:53,921 --> 01:08:58,258
We became aware of internal communications
that said things like
1207
01:08:58,259 --> 01:09:01,428
recyclability at scale
is not financially viable.
1208
01:09:02,221 --> 01:09:06,851
Yet they were continuing to sell the myth
of recyclability of plastics.
1209
01:09:08,060 --> 01:09:13,982
{\an8}Making recycling work was a way
to keep their products in the marketplace.
1210
01:09:13,983 --> 01:09:16,776
- It was a way to sell plastic.
- Yes.
1211
01:09:16,777 --> 01:09:18,988
It's a win-win situation.
1212
01:09:19,655 --> 01:09:22,867
Today, only 9% of plastics are recycled.
1213
01:09:23,534 --> 01:09:24,618
It's shocking.
1214
01:09:25,202 --> 01:09:26,619
And the reason is because
1215
01:09:26,620 --> 01:09:29,122
the big plastic companies
won't profit from it.
1216
01:09:29,123 --> 01:09:31,040
It costs too much to recycle.
1217
01:09:31,041 --> 01:09:34,377
And we are making so much plastic,
1218
01:09:34,378 --> 01:09:37,964
we're overwhelming
the capacity of the system
1219
01:09:37,965 --> 01:09:40,633
to even recycle itself in the first place.
1220
01:09:40,634 --> 01:09:42,760
But after decades as the dumping ground
1221
01:09:42,761 --> 01:09:44,429
for more than half of the world's trash,
1222
01:09:44,430 --> 01:09:48,099
China has banned most types
of low-grade recycling products.
1223
01:09:48,100 --> 01:09:51,811
{\an8}What appears to be happening is that
China is tired of importing our trash.
1224
01:09:51,812 --> 01:09:54,230
If plastic products are not recyclable,
1225
01:09:54,231 --> 01:09:56,316
then it needs to be stated as such.
1226
01:09:56,317 --> 01:09:58,484
There needs to be a truth in advertising.
1227
01:09:58,485 --> 01:10:00,653
Oh, Tracy, look, she's going for the bin.
1228
01:10:00,654 --> 01:10:03,740
The fact that, you know,
this myth was allowed to occur
1229
01:10:03,741 --> 01:10:06,159
for decades and decades, it's shocking.
1230
01:10:06,160 --> 01:10:08,412
It's not unlike tobacco.
1231
01:10:11,832 --> 01:10:15,001
When you have big corporations
that are lying to the public
1232
01:10:15,002 --> 01:10:19,005
and fueling a global plastics
pollution crisis, it needs to end.
1233
01:10:19,006 --> 01:10:22,885
And I'm not gonna wish or hope
it into existence, I'm gonna do it.
1234
01:10:33,437 --> 01:10:36,147
When I was diagnosed with cancer,
1235
01:10:36,148 --> 01:10:39,150
I had been teaching sustainable fashion,
1236
01:10:39,151 --> 01:10:42,820
and I realized that
it was no longer about sustainability.
1237
01:10:42,821 --> 01:10:46,283
It was about
eliminating all petrochemicals.
1238
01:10:47,534 --> 01:10:51,664
Textiles are the single largest source
of microplastics in the environment.
1239
01:10:53,874 --> 01:10:56,125
But at California Cloth Foundry,
1240
01:10:56,126 --> 01:11:01,172
the fibers are cotton, linen, hemp, flax,
1241
01:11:01,173 --> 01:11:03,300
viscose from trees.
1242
01:11:04,802 --> 01:11:09,180
The most toxic process
in the textile supply chain are the dyes,
1243
01:11:09,181 --> 01:11:11,516
and those are from petrochemicals.
1244
01:11:11,517 --> 01:11:14,435
So many of our ingredients
can be found in the kitchen,
1245
01:11:14,436 --> 01:11:16,312
like chestnuts and iron.
1246
01:11:16,313 --> 01:11:20,817
Those are the main ingredients
in our North Face and Levi's program.
1247
01:11:20,818 --> 01:11:23,069
Another would be elderberries,
1248
01:11:23,070 --> 01:11:26,323
one of the colorants we use
for Gisele's Gaia hoodie.
1249
01:11:27,241 --> 01:11:29,118
But it's expensive.
1250
01:11:30,327 --> 01:11:36,875
So to really change fashion
from a highly toxic, high-volume industry,
1251
01:11:38,252 --> 01:11:40,629
we have to scale green chemistry.
1252
01:11:43,924 --> 01:11:47,510
Fashion is so unnecessary,
1253
01:11:47,511 --> 01:11:49,972
and still it plays a big role in society.
1254
01:11:51,181 --> 01:11:54,642
{\an8}Most of my adult life,
I worked as a designer,
1255
01:11:54,643 --> 01:11:57,563
{\an8}and it was mainly about
inventing new products.
1256
01:11:58,188 --> 01:12:01,899
And at some point,
I realized that I'm actually the one
1257
01:12:01,900 --> 01:12:04,403
that is creating all these
environmental issues we are facing.
1258
01:12:05,279 --> 01:12:10,117
As a designer, you convince people
to buy, to spend, to waste.
1259
01:12:11,452 --> 01:12:14,537
But ten years ago,
I realized that people like me
1260
01:12:14,538 --> 01:12:17,498
can decide if a company is harmful,
1261
01:12:17,499 --> 01:12:20,502
or establish
a totally new way of doing business.
1262
01:12:23,714 --> 01:12:28,259
So in 2015,
we tried to convince corporations
1263
01:12:28,260 --> 01:12:32,097
to use recycled materials
instead of making more of it.
1264
01:12:33,640 --> 01:12:36,810
We created sneakers out of fishing nets.
1265
01:12:38,520 --> 01:12:42,900
But plastic stays plastic,
even if you recycle it.
1266
01:12:43,400 --> 01:12:45,318
So plastic needs to go.
1267
01:12:45,319 --> 01:12:48,613
{\an8}Next up, I would like
to invite Cyrill Gutsch.
1268
01:12:48,614 --> 01:12:51,491
{\an8}Hey, hey. What's up, Paris?
1269
01:12:51,492 --> 01:12:56,412
Now is the time to invent new materials
that are made from nature.
1270
01:12:56,413 --> 01:12:59,832
This is the first jacket designed
by Dior, Kim Jones, to support us
1271
01:12:59,833 --> 01:13:03,670
{\an8}in this process of making
Bananatex a new technology.
1272
01:13:04,254 --> 01:13:09,092
{\an8}The concept of a plastic doesn't have
to come from a petroleum-based material.
1273
01:13:09,093 --> 01:13:13,679
There's no laws of physics
that say it has to be these materials.
1274
01:13:13,680 --> 01:13:16,475
They just happen to be
the ones we're using now.
1275
01:13:17,351 --> 01:13:19,811
Let's open our eyes, embrace nature,
1276
01:13:19,812 --> 01:13:23,314
and learn, "How does nature
make something transparent?"
1277
01:13:23,315 --> 01:13:26,193
"How does nature
make something strong but flexible?"
1278
01:13:27,444 --> 01:13:32,323
Everything that you could use to define
what a plastic or a polymer does,
1279
01:13:32,324 --> 01:13:33,241
nature does.
1280
01:13:33,242 --> 01:13:35,201
And if we can learn from nature,
1281
01:13:35,202 --> 01:13:39,872
we can make things that are less toxic
and more environmentally responsible.
1282
01:13:39,873 --> 01:13:44,961
{\an8}At Sway, we use seaweed
to replace really pervasive plastics,
1283
01:13:44,962 --> 01:13:46,587
mainly thin films.
1284
01:13:46,588 --> 01:13:49,132
{\an8}This shoe is 100% plastic-free,
1285
01:13:49,133 --> 01:13:52,677
so the whole product
can be put into the compost.
1286
01:13:52,678 --> 01:13:56,973
After seven to ten weeks,
there's nothing left but nutrients.
1287
01:13:56,974 --> 01:13:59,475
{\an8}We make
the world's first performance pigment
1288
01:13:59,476 --> 01:14:01,519
{\an8}that's 100% plant-based.
1289
01:14:01,520 --> 01:14:05,314
And we're looking to replace
all the traditional dyes, toxins.
1290
01:14:05,315 --> 01:14:09,569
We mimic the same principles
that give butterflies their natural color.
1291
01:14:09,570 --> 01:14:11,738
So we can make any color
on the visible spectrum.
1292
01:14:12,823 --> 01:14:15,825
We are in the midst
of what we call a material revolution.
1293
01:14:15,826 --> 01:14:19,495
This is the biggest and the most exciting
challenge we humans ever had.
1294
01:14:19,496 --> 01:14:23,291
We fight for our own survival
by redesigning, by recreating,
1295
01:14:23,292 --> 01:14:27,295
by redefining the foundation
of our society,
1296
01:14:27,296 --> 01:14:28,714
how things are being made.
1297
01:14:30,007 --> 01:14:34,260
Someday, imagine when we say,
"The world has now nontoxic,
1298
01:14:34,261 --> 01:14:37,722
safe polymers and plastics and materials."
1299
01:14:37,723 --> 01:14:41,058
Someday, we need to look people
in the eye and say, "We did it."
1300
01:14:41,059 --> 01:14:43,102
Not, "We want to do it," but, "We did it."
1301
01:14:43,103 --> 01:14:45,939
That's gonna take great risk,
trial and error and hard work.
1302
01:14:48,650 --> 01:14:52,945
{\an8}Even though the couples
reduced their exposures dramatically
1303
01:14:52,946 --> 01:14:54,906
{\an8}at the midpoint of the study,
1304
01:14:54,907 --> 01:14:59,327
I was interested to see if they would
be able to maintain that vigilance.
1305
01:14:59,328 --> 01:15:01,454
Let's look at some of your graphs.
1306
01:15:01,455 --> 01:15:03,080
- Shall we?
- Yeah, let's do it.
1307
01:15:03,081 --> 01:15:05,791
So this is Darby, and this is BPA.
1308
01:15:05,792 --> 01:15:06,751
- Okay.
- Mm-hm.
1309
01:15:06,752 --> 01:15:09,128
You have this drop at midpoint.
1310
01:15:09,129 --> 01:15:12,006
These were your high
molecular weight phthalates.
1311
01:15:12,007 --> 01:15:14,759
You remember
those are the ones in soft tubing
1312
01:15:14,760 --> 01:15:16,636
and, you know, soft water bottles.
1313
01:15:16,637 --> 01:15:19,639
Your values just plummeted.
1314
01:15:19,640 --> 01:15:22,308
- So I would say that's a success.
- That's great.
1315
01:15:22,309 --> 01:15:26,479
So, Jesse, this is your BPA,
and this was in the beginning.
1316
01:15:26,480 --> 01:15:31,526
You did a miracle and you went down,
and you stayed down morning and evening.
1317
01:15:31,527 --> 01:15:33,694
- And that's just phenomenal.
- That's great.
1318
01:15:33,695 --> 01:15:37,532
The high molecular weight,
you were also quite high when you started,
1319
01:15:37,533 --> 01:15:40,159
and then you brought it down,
and you stayed down.
1320
01:15:40,160 --> 01:15:41,911
- That's great.
- So you're a star.
1321
01:15:41,912 --> 01:15:43,705
- How'd you do that?
- Well, uh…
1322
01:15:45,082 --> 01:15:48,668
Our couples were able
to keep their bisphenols down,
1323
01:15:48,669 --> 01:15:52,338
many to undetectable levels,
which is amazing.
1324
01:15:52,339 --> 01:15:54,257
And while phthalates were more stubborn,
1325
01:15:54,258 --> 01:15:57,552
we did see a meaningful reduction
in the average.
1326
01:15:57,553 --> 01:16:01,222
And couples, first of all, stuck with it,
1327
01:16:01,223 --> 01:16:06,978
liked it, and want to continue
these changes going forward.
1328
01:16:06,979 --> 01:16:09,855
I think what we gave up mostly
was going out to eat.
1329
01:16:09,856 --> 01:16:14,193
We saved a lot of money,
and we spent more time together cooking.
1330
01:16:14,194 --> 01:16:15,903
So it's been a positive for you.
1331
01:16:15,904 --> 01:16:17,196
- Yes, definitely.
- Absolutely.
1332
01:16:17,197 --> 01:16:18,990
And once you know,
you kind of can't go back.
1333
01:16:18,991 --> 01:16:22,451
So that's the only downside
to learning more about plastics.
1334
01:16:22,452 --> 01:16:23,536
Do you feel that?
1335
01:16:23,537 --> 01:16:25,288
- You feel you can't go back?
- Yeah.
1336
01:16:25,289 --> 01:16:29,667
It was not that hard, uh, as we thought
1337
01:16:29,668 --> 01:16:32,378
because it was just like one week,
1338
01:16:32,379 --> 01:16:35,506
let's do this,
and another week, let's do that.
1339
01:16:35,507 --> 01:16:38,467
I think what's stuck
has been those habits you develop.
1340
01:16:38,468 --> 01:16:42,722
{\an8}You know, you get in the pattern
of not using, or using the replacement.
1341
01:16:42,723 --> 01:16:45,891
{\an8}Like changing how we prepare food
and how we store food.
1342
01:16:45,892 --> 01:16:48,603
The biggest thing is fragrances.
1343
01:16:48,604 --> 01:16:51,105
You know, laundry detergent, for example.
1344
01:16:51,106 --> 01:16:53,608
We would smell it
literally 24/7 and it'd be like,
1345
01:16:53,609 --> 01:16:55,568
"Oh my gosh, I can't stop smelling this."
1346
01:16:55,569 --> 01:16:58,321
If we're gonna buy a blanket or something,
1347
01:16:58,322 --> 01:16:59,947
we try to buy 100% cotton.
1348
01:16:59,948 --> 01:17:02,033
- Yeah.
- Like, we're now more aware.
1349
01:17:02,034 --> 01:17:04,285
I've since become an evangelist of this,
by the way.
1350
01:17:04,286 --> 01:17:06,078
I think people start to care
1351
01:17:06,079 --> 01:17:08,624
once they start to realize
that it's affecting them.
1352
01:17:12,586 --> 01:17:15,422
People fight against all odds.
1353
01:17:16,506 --> 01:17:18,925
Truly, David versus Goliath.
1354
01:17:20,510 --> 01:17:25,723
But they got a strong faith
and a strong spirit that is unbelievable.
1355
01:17:25,724 --> 01:17:27,725
On this land in St. James,
1356
01:17:27,726 --> 01:17:30,686
as it's the proposed site
for the $9.4 billion
1357
01:17:30,687 --> 01:17:32,938
Formosa petrochemical plant.
1358
01:17:32,939 --> 01:17:35,358
And the land that the plant is built on
1359
01:17:35,359 --> 01:17:40,405
is causing an uproar after the discovery
of unmarked graves of enslaved people.
1360
01:17:41,198 --> 01:17:44,575
The legislation
that we have now in Louisiana
1361
01:17:44,576 --> 01:17:46,828
says you can't build on graveyards.
1362
01:17:48,455 --> 01:17:52,084
What's crazy about that is that that's
actually how people are now winning.
1363
01:17:53,502 --> 01:17:58,255
The ancestors who are buried
in many unmarked graves
1364
01:17:58,256 --> 01:18:02,052
is now stopping the fossil fuel plants.
1365
01:18:02,636 --> 01:18:07,348
It's almost like those ancestors
are reaching back
1366
01:18:07,349 --> 01:18:09,225
and saying, "Enough."
1367
01:18:09,226 --> 01:18:11,310
- We're gonna stand together.
- Right.
1368
01:18:11,311 --> 01:18:13,062
- And fight Formosa.
- Right.
1369
01:18:13,063 --> 01:18:16,816
We will not allow them
to take our ancestors out of this ground
1370
01:18:16,817 --> 01:18:18,276
and put them somewhere else.
1371
01:18:19,236 --> 01:18:22,196
Judge Trudy White ruled in our favor
1372
01:18:22,197 --> 01:18:25,491
and told Formosa to vacate the property.
1373
01:18:25,492 --> 01:18:28,327
Because we have the right
to breathe clean air.
1374
01:18:28,328 --> 01:18:30,997
{\an8}Sharon Lavigne is a true force of nature.
1375
01:18:32,374 --> 01:18:34,376
She is to be reckoned with.
1376
01:18:36,294 --> 01:18:39,588
I know that if we come together,
1377
01:18:39,589 --> 01:18:40,715
we win.
1378
01:18:40,716 --> 01:18:46,847
I've said it, organized people
beats organized money every single time.
1379
01:18:48,807 --> 01:18:52,101
The impediments to controlling exposures
1380
01:18:52,102 --> 01:18:55,147
to toxic chemicals are not,
for the most part, scientific.
1381
01:18:56,481 --> 01:18:59,525
And what's required
to deal with the problem is courage,
1382
01:18:59,526 --> 01:19:01,236
vision, political will.
1383
01:19:04,781 --> 01:19:10,328
No country is doing a perfect job
in regulating toxic chemicals and plastic.
1384
01:19:11,329 --> 01:19:13,832
{\an8}But the European Union
is the world leader.
1385
01:19:14,750 --> 01:19:17,085
{\an8}They have chemical legislation
called REACH,
1386
01:19:17,669 --> 01:19:20,713
which actually requires
that chemicals be tested
1387
01:19:20,714 --> 01:19:23,967
for safety and toxicity
before they come to market.
1388
01:19:24,551 --> 01:19:27,344
There are nine chemicals that are banned
1389
01:19:27,345 --> 01:19:30,556
from personal care products
in the United States.
1390
01:19:30,557 --> 01:19:35,436
And over 1,100 that are banned in the EU.
1391
01:19:35,437 --> 01:19:38,063
You can see
that's two orders of magnitude.
1392
01:19:38,064 --> 01:19:40,524
New EU rules
proposed by the European Commission
1393
01:19:40,525 --> 01:19:43,527
will target ten
single-use plastic products.
1394
01:19:43,528 --> 01:19:45,613
{\an8}These products won't disappear.
1395
01:19:45,614 --> 01:19:48,240
{\an8}They will just be made
with different materials.
1396
01:19:48,241 --> 01:19:49,575
We have an opportunity.
1397
01:19:49,576 --> 01:19:52,286
There's an international
global plastics treaty
1398
01:19:52,287 --> 01:19:54,413
being negotiated by the UN.
1399
01:19:54,414 --> 01:19:57,416
This conference is about far more
1400
01:19:57,417 --> 01:19:59,627
than drafting an international treaty.
1401
01:19:59,628 --> 01:20:04,508
{\an8}It is about humanity rising
to meet an existential challenge.
1402
01:20:05,634 --> 01:20:10,179
We're finally seeing some traction
on banning bisphenol A, or BPA,
1403
01:20:10,180 --> 01:20:14,350
and other lookalike bisphenols,
which cause the same harms.
1404
01:20:14,351 --> 01:20:18,814
These chemicals disrupt hormones,
including increasing estrogen.
1405
01:20:19,731 --> 01:20:22,942
In fact, BPA was studied in the 1930s
1406
01:20:22,943 --> 01:20:25,945
for its potential use
in hormone regulation,
1407
01:20:25,946 --> 01:20:28,030
including birth control.
1408
01:20:28,031 --> 01:20:32,993
In 2025, the EU said enough is enough.
1409
01:20:32,994 --> 01:20:36,664
As of Monday,
the European Union has prohibited the use
1410
01:20:36,665 --> 01:20:40,501
of this endocrine disruptor
in food containers.
1411
01:20:40,502 --> 01:20:43,921
If we really incorporate a health mindset,
1412
01:20:43,922 --> 01:20:48,843
we will get past a model that focuses
on what we see on our beaches,
1413
01:20:48,844 --> 01:20:49,844
in our oceans.
1414
01:20:49,845 --> 01:20:53,348
We need to think about what's getting
into human bodies, ultimately.
1415
01:20:59,020 --> 01:21:03,440
Did you change anything
in your work environment
1416
01:21:03,441 --> 01:21:05,943
that might have decreased your exposure?
1417
01:21:05,944 --> 01:21:08,572
I changed a lot. For me, I changed a lot.
1418
01:21:09,155 --> 01:21:10,948
After I met Bruno,
1419
01:21:10,949 --> 01:21:14,451
I was worried that he would not be able
1420
01:21:14,452 --> 01:21:17,706
to lower his exposures
or improve his sperm count.
1421
01:21:18,206 --> 01:21:20,124
He is a construction worker,
1422
01:21:20,125 --> 01:21:23,336
had a lot of exposures
from construction materials.
1423
01:21:24,004 --> 01:21:25,005
I was wrong.
1424
01:21:25,672 --> 01:21:28,132
You have four semen analyses, right?
1425
01:21:28,133 --> 01:21:31,344
Three of them are really good,
and the last one is really good.
1426
01:21:32,304 --> 01:21:35,890
The pattern overall
is that you have gotten greatly improved.
1427
01:21:35,891 --> 01:21:37,017
Yeah.
1428
01:21:37,517 --> 01:21:39,393
We were not expecting at all.
1429
01:21:39,394 --> 01:21:41,103
We thought, "What?"
1430
01:21:41,104 --> 01:21:44,899
If we look at your concentration,
1431
01:21:44,900 --> 01:21:46,526
it was 44.
1432
01:21:47,110 --> 01:21:50,196
And then it was 60.
1433
01:21:50,989 --> 01:21:55,075
I did see some sperm results from you,
and they got a lot better.
1434
01:21:55,076 --> 01:21:55,952
Ooh, good.
1435
01:21:56,536 --> 01:21:59,830
Your total motile count increased 50%.
1436
01:21:59,831 --> 01:22:00,915
- Gosh.
- Yeah.
1437
01:22:00,916 --> 01:22:02,917
- So that's huge.
- That's awesome.
1438
01:22:02,918 --> 01:22:04,710
- Whoo-hoo!
- Yeah.
1439
01:22:04,711 --> 01:22:07,380
The numbers were…
We were talking about that… quite high.
1440
01:22:08,340 --> 01:22:11,258
- Concentration is way up.
- I know!
1441
01:22:11,259 --> 01:22:12,593
It's just incredible.
1442
01:22:12,594 --> 01:22:14,220
You've turned into Superman.
1443
01:22:16,097 --> 01:22:18,140
I have results here.
1444
01:22:18,141 --> 01:22:22,728
I think the most exciting to me,
and probably to you,
1445
01:22:22,729 --> 01:22:27,066
is that your total sperm count
is way high.
1446
01:22:27,067 --> 01:22:30,152
The cutoff for fertile is about 40.
1447
01:22:30,153 --> 01:22:33,573
You were originally below that,
and now you're at 77,
1448
01:22:34,491 --> 01:22:36,325
which is awesome!
1449
01:22:36,326 --> 01:22:38,327
Thank you.
1450
01:22:38,328 --> 01:22:42,039
I was really pleased
with the results of the sperm analysis.
1451
01:22:42,040 --> 01:22:44,667
Of the six men in the study,
1452
01:22:44,668 --> 01:22:50,172
five improved their semen quality
on multiple parameters.
1453
01:22:50,173 --> 01:22:52,049
- So, how do you feel about that?
- I feel great.
1454
01:22:52,050 --> 01:22:53,217
- Yeah?
- Um, yeah.
1455
01:22:53,218 --> 01:22:55,636
It feels really good
that the intervention actually worked.
1456
01:22:55,637 --> 01:23:00,599
And I went from being sub
or not fertile to normal.
1457
01:23:00,600 --> 01:23:04,269
Another really positive takeaway
from this intervention
1458
01:23:04,270 --> 01:23:10,317
is that it seemed to improve their lives
in many ways that we had not expected.
1459
01:23:10,318 --> 01:23:12,653
When we cut everything out, I went from,
1460
01:23:12,654 --> 01:23:15,864
I think I was like at 212
when we did the measurement,
1461
01:23:15,865 --> 01:23:17,866
down to like 198.
1462
01:23:17,867 --> 01:23:19,326
And now I'm back around 202.
1463
01:23:19,327 --> 01:23:21,286
So ten pounds you lost.
1464
01:23:21,287 --> 01:23:24,666
I wake up way less at night,
and I sleep, like, deeper.
1465
01:23:25,917 --> 01:23:30,254
A third of the participants
lowered their body mass index.
1466
01:23:30,255 --> 01:23:34,133
Over 60% reported increased energy levels,
1467
01:23:34,134 --> 01:23:37,886
80% reported increased sleep quality,
1468
01:23:37,887 --> 01:23:43,308
and 86% reported they plan
to keep these lifestyle changes.
1469
01:23:43,309 --> 01:23:45,811
I feel like I'm able to focus for longer.
1470
01:23:45,812 --> 01:23:48,313
There's not the fog that used to be there.
1471
01:23:48,314 --> 01:23:50,024
I just feel better, and I enjoy life more.
1472
01:23:50,025 --> 01:23:51,984
So why the hell
would I not continue to do this?
1473
01:23:51,985 --> 01:23:55,320
It's true that
to understand patterns of disease,
1474
01:23:55,321 --> 01:23:58,408
you need a large population.
1475
01:23:59,117 --> 01:24:01,827
So these results will be used
1476
01:24:01,828 --> 01:24:04,830
to support an application
for a larger study
1477
01:24:04,831 --> 01:24:06,832
with government funding.
1478
01:24:06,833 --> 01:24:09,044
So I think we're pioneers.
1479
01:24:13,381 --> 01:24:17,509
Well, today I decided
to take a pregnancy test, another one,
1480
01:24:17,510 --> 01:24:19,846
and I'm going to share with you.
1481
01:24:20,722 --> 01:24:21,973
We never know, right?
1482
01:24:25,060 --> 01:24:25,894
One.
1483
01:24:26,561 --> 01:24:27,395
Two.
1484
01:24:28,021 --> 01:24:28,897
Three.
1485
01:24:29,606 --> 01:24:30,440
Four.
1486
01:24:33,485 --> 01:24:34,819
What does it mean?
1487
01:24:38,615 --> 01:24:40,033
It's not a joke, is it?
1488
01:24:41,743 --> 01:24:45,079
It's not a joke, right? This can't be.
1489
01:24:45,080 --> 01:24:46,206
There are two.
1490
01:24:52,587 --> 01:24:54,296
I'm not trusting this test.
1491
01:24:54,297 --> 01:24:57,634
Okay, hold it here.
I'll use another one now.
1492
01:24:58,218 --> 01:24:59,761
Oh, my love.
1493
01:25:04,182 --> 01:25:05,182
Oh!
1494
01:25:05,183 --> 01:25:07,060
Oh, my love.
1495
01:25:12,649 --> 01:25:13,858
I love you.
1496
01:25:19,864 --> 01:25:23,076
{\an8}So since we last spoke, uh,
life has changed quite a bit.
1497
01:25:25,203 --> 01:25:28,373
{\an8}Right now, I'm 15 weeks pregnant.
1498
01:25:28,915 --> 01:25:31,166
And we already know it's a boy,
1499
01:25:31,167 --> 01:25:33,919
so we can't name the baby Shanna, really.
1500
01:25:33,920 --> 01:25:35,921
Yeah, I know. We were planning on Shanna.
1501
01:25:35,922 --> 01:25:38,298
{\an8}Okay, this is Bobby. Those are feet.
1502
01:25:38,299 --> 01:25:41,552
{\an8}After the study,
we found out we were expecting.
1503
01:25:41,553 --> 01:25:43,887
{\an8}Yeah! We're…
1504
01:25:43,888 --> 01:25:45,055
{\an8}Yeah, we're pregnant.
1505
01:25:45,056 --> 01:25:46,098
{\an8}- Yeah.
- It's amazing.
1506
01:25:46,099 --> 01:25:49,644
{\an8}- Mostly I'm pregnant, but we are pregnant.
- Well, it's the way they say it, right?
1507
01:25:54,524 --> 01:25:59,279
Initially, my introduction
to all the participants was on paper.
1508
01:26:01,656 --> 01:26:06,785
{\an8}But I was continually surprised
what a pleasure it was to meet them,
1509
01:26:06,786 --> 01:26:09,371
to interact with them,
to get to know them.
1510
01:26:09,372 --> 01:26:10,455
It looks great.
1511
01:26:10,456 --> 01:26:12,332
- Oh!
- Did you see it moving?
1512
01:26:12,333 --> 01:26:14,127
Oh, it's moving, honey.
1513
01:26:16,880 --> 01:26:18,964
I feel connected with each of them.
1514
01:26:18,965 --> 01:26:22,718
And it's very surprising
because it's unusual for a study
1515
01:26:22,719 --> 01:26:24,345
that you would have that.
1516
01:26:27,891 --> 01:26:29,308
{\an8}Knock, knock.
1517
01:26:29,309 --> 01:26:31,102
- Hi!
- Hi!
1518
01:26:35,648 --> 01:26:36,858
Look what you did.
1519
01:26:40,278 --> 01:26:41,905
- We did.
- We did.
1520
01:26:51,497 --> 01:26:54,583
If you want to have a child,
1521
01:26:54,584 --> 01:26:58,922
I believe it is a fundamental human right
to be able to do so.
1522
01:27:03,218 --> 01:27:10,058
I think I'm now more optimistic
about solving the fertility problem.
1523
01:27:11,351 --> 01:27:12,559
But it's going to be a fight,
1524
01:27:12,560 --> 01:27:15,355
and that's why I'm fighting,
and that's why I'm talking to you.
1525
01:27:19,943 --> 01:27:22,153
{\an8}- You are perfect.
- Yeah.